CLASSIFICATION OF INTERVENTIONS IN TRADITIONAL CHINESE MEDICINE Hongyong Deng1, Farhad Shokraneh2, Clive E Adams2, Shanghua Liang1 1, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, NO 1200, Cailun Road, Shanghai, China, 201203 2, Cochrane Schizophrenia Group, Institute of Mental Health, University of Nottingham, Triumph Road Nottingham, UK, NG7 2TU Background Results • Classification systems have the System name Creator Type Features “acupuncture” Note potential to cut across a confusion of items terms, bringing order to a complex MeSH NLM(U.S.) thesaurus Tree structure 10 items in 3 levels Most widely accepted in inter-related group of treatments and biomedical information and documents. allowing efficient identification of the ICD-9-CM-3 WHO and classification Alphabetic index and tabular list 3 items Classification system for same, similar or related interventions. surgical, diagnostic and • Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) NCHS therapeutic procedures has a large number of interventions ICD-10-PCS WHO classification Multi-axial seven character 2 codes provides a unique code for all rooted in Chinese traditional culture substantially different procedures alphanumeric code structure and interventions and unique theories of medicine. • Classifications of TCM within ICHI WHO classification Three axes and the coding scheme One action of ‘DA’ for classification and coding system of procedures in medicine databases vary. comprises a seven-character ‘acupuncture’ • This paper provides descriptions of structure key systems of classification. TCMeSH CACMS thesaurus Tree structure 64 items in 4 levels developed specifically for indexing, cataloguing, and searching for TCM Methods • We compared TCM intervention e.g. terms within several different systems Acupuncture in Analytical, Diagnostic and Therapeutic • the ICD-9 Clinical Modification (ICD- Techniques and Equipment [E]+ Acupuncture Analgesia [E02.190.044.105] MeSH 9-CM) Volume 3 Acupuncture,Ear [E02.190.044.133] • ICD-10 Procedure Coding System (ICD-10-PCS) Therapeutics [E02]+ Acupuncture Therapy [E02.190.044]+ Electroacupuncture [E02.190.044.244] • International Classification of Health Meridians [E02.190.044.555]+ Acupuncture Points [E02.190.044.555.035] Interventions (ICHI) Complementary Therapies [E02.190]+ Moxibustion [E02.190.044.588] • Medical Subject Headings (MeSH) Auriculotherapy [E02.190.204]+ Acupuncture, Ear [E02.190.204.500] • Chinese Traditional Medicine and Musculoskeletal Manipulations Therapy, Soft Tissue [E02.190.599.750]+ Acupressure [E02.190.599.750.500] Materia Medica Subject Headings [E02.190.599]+ (TCMeSH) Traditional Chinese Medicine Therapy+ Acupuncture Moxibustion Therapy+ Therapeutics+ TE02 Therapeutic Methods+ TE02.035.005 TE02.035 TE02.035.005.150 Moxibustion+ TE02.035.005.150.005 Acupoint Therapy+ TE02.035.005.150.020 Acupuncture Therapy+ TE02.035.005.150.025 e.g. Acupuncture in Moxa Stick Moxibustion Therapy Stone Needling Magneto Therapy+ TCMeSH TE02.035.005.150.020.005 Moxa Cone Moxibustion Therapy Ultrasound Acupuncture Health Preserving Moxibustion Magnetic Bead Therapy Needling Methods Burning Rush Moxibustion Meridian Magnetic Field Spoon Needle Therapy Nose Acupuncture Therapy Therapy Electric Stimulation Therapy Electric Moxibustion Therapy Lip Acupuncture Acupoint Pressure Therapy Governor Channel Moxibustion Electroacupuncture Therapy Therapy Auricular Acupuncture Apparatus Aided Moxibustion Bloodletting Therapy Therapy Auricular Plaster Therapy+ TE02.035.005.150.020.015 Dorsimesal Acupuncture Indirect Moxibustion Therapy Bee Needling Therapy Thunderbolt Moxibustion Therapy Auricular Point Sticking, Semen Fire Needle Therapy Face Acupuncture Vaccariae Reverse Acupuncture and Laser Acupuncture Therapy Moxibustion Tongue Acupuncture Acupoint Poking Therapy Big Needle Therapy Taiyi Moxa Cigar Therapy Hand Foot Acupuncture Cutaneous Needle Therapy Moxibustion with Moxibustioner Acupoint Ligation Therapy Scalp Acupuncture Hydro Acupuncture Therapy Needle Warming Therapy Specific Region Acupuncture+ Suspended Moxibustion Therapy Acupoint Iontophoresis Therapy TE02.035.005.150.025.070 Eye Acupuncture Specific Tissue Acupuncture+ Medicinal Moxibustion Therapy TE02.035.005.150.025.075 Lymph Node Pricking Therapy Catgut Embedment in Acupoint Body Acupuncture Direct Moxibustion Therapy Periosteal Acupuncture Microwave Acupuncture Therapy Zhuang Thread Moxibustion Acupoint Sticking Therapy Therapy Transcutaneous Electric Nerve Acupuncture Sensation Stimulation Therapy Nerve Trunk Stimulation Acupuncture Analgesia Therapy Conclusions • NLM’s MeSH has the advantage of being simple and clear – it is, however, not an accurate representation of the complexity of the subject • TCMeSH is, by far, the best alternative solution for a controlled vocabulary for acupuncture - and TCM interventions in general - and as a basis for classification. • The TCMeSH controlled vocabulary is employed by the SinoMed and TCMLARS bibliographic databases. • Outside of these databases TCMeSH could act as a springboard for free text searches in databases with less comprehensive controlled language for TCM. For additional information please contact: Hongyong Deng, Associate-Professor, Ph.D., Shanghai University of T.C.M., Academic Visitor of Cochrane Schizophrenia Group, University of Nottingham, E-mail: [email protected].