Revista Científica ISSN: 0798-2259 [email protected] Universidad del Zulia Venezuela

Delgado Ávila, Adolfredo E.; Urdaneta García, Lilia M.; Piñeiro Chávez, Albino J. Coprotiella venezuelensis, A NEW RECORD OF CLEISTOTHECIA GENUS OF THE ASCOMYCETES IN THE WORLD Revista Científica, vol. XIX, núm. 1, enero-febrero, 2009, pp. 22-24 Universidad del Zulia Maracaibo, Venezuela

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How to cite Complete issue Scientific Information System More information about this article Network of Scientific Journals from Latin America, the Caribbean, Spain and Portugal Journal's homepage in redalyc.org Non-profit academic project, developed under the open access initiative ______Revista Científica, FCV-LUZ / Vol. XIX, Nº 1, 22 - 24, 2009

Coprotiella venezuelensis, A NEW RECORD OF CLEISTOTHECIA GENUS OF THE ASCOMYCETES IN THE WORLD

Coprotiella venezuelensis, Un Nuevo Registro de Género con Cleistotecio de los Ascomycetes en el Mundo

Adolfredo E. Delgado Ávila , Lilia M. Urdaneta García and Albino J. Piñeiro Chávez Departamento Fitosanitario. Facultad de Agronomía. Universidad del Zulia. Apartado 526. Maracaibo ZU 4005. Venezuela. E-mail: [email protected], [email protected] y [email protected]

ABSTRACT bolus Tode ex Fr. and Lasiobolus Sacc. both Cleistothelebolus and Lasiobolidium Sacc. were placed along with Eoterfezia A new record, Coprotiella venezuelensis was isolate on rhinoce- Atkinson, Microeurotium Ghatak, Orbicula Cooke and Xeromy- ros dung collected at south park Maracaibo zoo in Zulia State, ces Fraser in the Eoterfeziaceae [9]. Venezuela. The genus is compared with Coprotus and C. The objective of this paper was to present a description gongylospora having ascospores possessing De Bary bubbles. and introduction of a new specie from rhinoceros dung for the Key words: Cleistothecia, De Bary bubbles, rhinoceros dung, world. asci. MATERIALS AND METHODS RESUMEN Procedures for collecting sample and culturing Un nuevo registro, Coprotiella venezuelensis, fue aislado en Coprotiella spp. were similar to those described by Bell, Del- heces de rinocerontes, colectados en el Parque Sur Zoológico gado and Richarson [1, 4, 14]. en el estado Zulia, Venezuela. El género es comparado con During a study of coprophilous fungi on rhinoceros (Rhi- Coprotus y C. gongylospora presentando ascósporas con bur- noceros simun) in August 2002, at Maracaibo zoo South Park bujas de Bary. in Maracaibo, Venezuela, dung were collected from 180 ani- Palabras clave: Cleistotecio, burbujas de Bary, heces de rino- mals to determine the apperance of coprophilous fungi. The ceronte, ascas. sample dung was procceed of domestic and wild animal such as: rhinoceros (Rhinoceros simun), dove (Columba livia), dog (Canis familiaris), rat (Rattus norvegicus), cat (Felis catus), INTRODUCTION frog (Bufo bufo), hen (Gallus domesticus), tiger (Panthera ti- gris), deer (Cervus elaphus), pig (Sus scrofa), horse (Equus This genus is characterized by possessing black colou- caballus), lion (Felis leo), turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), cow red cleistothecia; broadly clavate asci, and hyaline smooth, thin (Bos taurus), duck (Oxyura jamaicensis), donkey (Aquus spp.) walled ascospores possessing De Bary bubbles since no other and others [4, 7]. cleistothecia genus is known with this characteristics, the ge- In the five rhinoceros dung samples were identified C. nus represents, the first report of Coprotiella venezuelensis venezuelensis . The sample dung that appeared to be Delgado, Urdaneta and Piñeiro in the world [5]. relatively recent and unweathered were collected, in one day Malloch and Cain [2, 13] erected two genera, Cleistothe- intermittently of the period mentioned before, into clean recep- lebolus and Lasiobolidium, which were considered as the res- tacles and usually set to incubate within a day or four collec- pective cleistothecial counterparts of the Discomycetes Thele- tions. If samples could not be incubated shortly after collection they were gently air-dried stored in paper envelopes until incu- bation [1, 4, 7, 14] after 10-14 days yielded numerous cleisto- Recibido: 23 / 10 / 2007. Aceptado: 19 / 01 / 2008. thecias. Procedures for collection and inducing ascomal forma-

22 ______Revista Científica, FCV-LUZ / Vol. XIX, Nº , 22 - 24, 2009 tions in the sample rhinoceros dungs were similar to those des- cribed by others authors [1, 5, 14]. In the laboratory, each dung was placed in a moist chamber if the dung is very dry on collection it should be mois- tened. But if made to wet, fungal growth was inhibited at room temperature 24-26ºC [6, 7, 14]. The fruiting bodies were removed and mounted in water and studied with a Leitz light microscope from Germany with automatic camara MPS 45/51 of Wild Heerbrugg from Germa- ny. All measurements (10-25 replicates) and photos of the va- rious ascospores were made. Attempts to obtain the fungus in pure culture were unsuccessful. The Venezuelan material has been accessioned in the herbarium of the Plant Sanitary De- partment, Faculty de Agronomy, University of Zulia, Maracaibo, Venezuela (HERZU-1061). After the fungus was isolated on the plate of potato-dex- trose-agar (PDA) and V-8 juice agar at room temperature the observation on media, for its growth, it doesn´t determined its FIGURE 1. Coprotiella venezuelensis. MATURE ASCOS- conidial state. PORE, SHOWING THE DE BARY BUBBLES.100X./ +oprotiella Venezuelensis. ASCOSPORA MADURA, MOSTRANDO LAS BURBUJAS DE BARY.100X. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION with a conspicuous de Bary bubble. In the case Coprotiella Cleisthotecia dispersa vel gregaria, non ostiolata, obpyri- differs from Coprotus in possessing cleistothecia which remain formae, subglobosa vel globosa 150-275 µm in diametro cras- closed at all stages of development and asci which are subglo- sa, primum hyalina, deinde cremea vel flavida, glabra, peri- bose to clavate an probably irregulary disposed Coprotiella is dium membranaceum, pseudoparenchymatosum, textura an- also similar to Cleistothelebolus Malloch et Cain and Lasioboli- gulari vel textura globulosa in uno strato compositum, cellulis dium Malloch et Cain but differs primarily from both genera in 4-12 x 2.5-5 µm. Asci unitunicati iodo non caerulescentes, oc- having ascospores possessing de Bary bubbles. It has been tospori, 25-33 x 12-18 µm subglobosi vel late clavati, basin ver- accepted by a number of workers [11, 12, 13] that closely rela- sus in stipitem brevem contracti. Ascosporae unicellulares, ted ostiolate and cleistothecial genera are better accommoda- subglobosae, 5.16 x 3.87 µm, hyalinae, leves, tenuitunicatae, ted in one rather than in separate families as originally sugges- plerumque bullulas conspicuas exhibentes, sine foramina vel ted by Cain [3]. fissure germinationis, vagina gelatinosa nulla, FIG. 1, conidia Coprotus and Coprotiella would belong in one family. In incogita. his concept of the Korf [10] placed those operculate Upon examination under microscopy it was observed to discomycetes that are fimicolous with ascocarps reduced in be plectomycetes characterized by the production of cleistothe- size and complexity, possessing non-amyloid, with smooth, cia scattered or gregarious, nonstromatic, obpyriforme, globo- hyaline ascospores in the tribe Theleboleae se to subglobose, 150-275 µm in diameter, hyaline at first, be- while Eckblad [8] would treat this taxon at the family level. We coming creamy or yellowish, glabrous peridium membrana- are following Korf and placing Cleistothelebolus, Coprotiella ceous pseudoparenchymatosum, consisting of texture angula- and Lasiobolidium along with their discomycetous counterparts ris to globulose, with cells measuring 4-12 x 2.5-5 µm. in the tribe Theleboleae [5, 9, 10]. The asci is unitunicate non-amyloid, broadly clavate, 8 spored, 25-33 x 12-18 µm, short stipitate, evanescent. The as- CONCLUSIONS cospores are one celled, subglobose 5.16 x 3.87 µm, smooth, hyaline, thin walled, at maturity usually possessing a conspi- A new species for the world Coprotiella venezuelensis is cuous de Bary bubble; gelatinous sheath absent, FIG. 1. The described here, in accordance with this study. The presents conidial state unkwnon. authors have in several cases found cleistocarpus to be relia- Based on the observations, Coprotiella is similar in many ble as a generic character only, and Coprotiella is for this and ways to Coprotus Korf [10]. According to Jeng and Korf [9], the other reasons placed in the Pyronemataceae tribe Thelebo- ascocarps are likewise lightly coloured, the peridium is compo- leae. Because of its thin walled ascospores possessing de sed of texture globulosa to angularis like the excipulum in spe- Bary bubbles since no other cleistotheceae genus is known cies of Coprotus and the ascospores at maturity are hyaline with this characteristics.

23 Coprotiella venezuelensis, a new record of cleistothecia genus of the ascomycetes in the world/ Delgado Ávila, A.E. y col. ______

ACKNOWLEDGMENT cetes y Discomicetes. Rev. Cient. FVC-LUZ, XI(4): 297-305. 2001. [6] DELGADO, A.; PIÑEIRO A.; URDANETA L. Two species This study was carried out with the assistance of representing a new genus of Microascaceae from Vene- research grants in aid of research furnished by CONDES zuela. Rev. Cient. FVC-LUZ, XI(6): 501-504. 2001. Nº CC-0709-06, University of Zulia, Venezuela. [7] DELGADO, A.; URDANETA, L.; PIÑEIRO, A. Myco- thypha indica P. M. Kirk & Benny, in turkey dung, a new BIBLIOGRAPHIC REFERENCES record for Venezuela. Multicien. 7(2): 176-180. 2007. [8] ECKBLAD, F. The genera of the operculate Discomyce- [1] BELL, A. Dung fungi and illustrated guide to coprophi- tes. A Re-evaluation of their , Phylogeny and J= lous fungi in New Zealand. 4 Ed. Victoria University nomenclature. Norwegian. J. Bot. 15 (1/2): 1-191. 1968. Press. 34-36 pp. 1983. [9] JENG, R.; KRUG, J. Coprotiella, a new cleistocarpous [2] CAIN, R. Studies of coprophilous ascomycetes II phaeo- genus of the Pyrenemataceae with ascospores posses- thichum, a new cleistocarpus genus in a new family and sing de Bary bubble. Mycotaxon: IV (2): 545-550. 1976. its relationship. Can. J. Bot. 34: 675-687. 1956. [10] KORF, R. Synoptic key to the genera of the pezizales. [3] CAIN, R. Studies of coprophilous ascomycetes IV tripte- Mycol. 64: 937-994. 1972. rospora a new cleistocarpous genus in a new family. [11] LUNQUIST, N. Nordic Sordariaceae. Symb. Bot. Upp- Can. J. Bot. 34: 699-710. 1956. sal. XX (1): 1-374. 1972. [4] DELGADO, A.; PIÑEIRO, A.; URDANETA, L. Estudios [12] MALLOCH, D. New concepts in the microascaceae illus- taxonómicos de hongos coprofílicos de la División Asco- trated by two new species. Mycol. 62:727-740. 1970. micota (Clase: Pirenomicetes) del estado Zulia, Vene- zuela. Rev. Cient. FVC-LUZ. XI(3): 247-255. 2001. [13] MALLOCH, D.; CAIN, R. Four new genera of cleistothe- cial ascomycetes with hyaline ascospores. Can. J. Bot. [5] DELGADO, A.; PIÑEIRO A.; URDANETA L. Hongos co- 49:847-854. 1971. profílicos del estado Zulia, Venezuela. Clases: Plectomi- [14] RICHARDSON, M.J. Diversity and occurrence of co- prophilous fungi. Mycol. Res. 105(4): 387-402. 2001.

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