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Electric and Hybrid Cars SECOND EDITION This Page Intentionally Left Blank Electric and Hybrid Cars a History
Electric and Hybrid Cars SECOND EDITION This page intentionally left blank Electric and Hybrid Cars A History Second Edition CURTIS D. ANDERSON and JUDY ANDERSON McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers Jefferson, North Carolina, and London LIBRARY OF CONGRESS CATALOGUING-IN-PUBLICATION DATA Anderson, Curtis D. (Curtis Darrel), 1947– Electric and hybrid cars : a history / Curtis D. Anderson and Judy Anderson.—2nd ed. p. cm. Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 978-0-7864-3301-8 softcover : 50# alkaline paper 1. Electric automobiles. 2. Hybrid electric cars. I. Anderson, Judy, 1946– II. Title. TL220.A53 2010 629.22'93—dc22 2010004216 British Library cataloguing data are available ©2010 Curtis D. Anderson. All rights reserved No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying or recording, or by any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. On the cover: (clockwise from top left) Cutaway of hybrid vehicle (©20¡0 Scott Maxwell/LuMaxArt); ¡892 William Morrison Electric Wagon; 20¡0 Honda Insight; diagram of controller circuits of a recharging motor, ¡900 Manufactured in the United States of America McFarland & Company, Inc., Publishers Box 611, Je›erson, North Carolina 28640 www.mcfarlandpub.com To my family, in gratitude for making car trips such a happy time. (J.A.A.) This page intentionally left blank TABLE OF CONTENTS Acronyms and Initialisms ix Preface 1 Introduction: The Birth of the Automobile Industry 3 1. The Evolution of the Electric Vehicle 21 2. Politics 60 3. Environment 106 4. Technology 138 5. -
Watkins Glen International
RACEDAY VIEWING GUIDE SAHLEN’S SIX HOURS OF THE GLEN JUNE 28-29, 2014 2014 SCHEDULE January 24-26 1 Daytona International Speedway March 14-15 2 Sebring International Raceway April 12 3 Long Beach Street Circuit May 3-4 4 Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca May 24 5 Lime Rock Park May 31 6 The Raceway at Belle Isle Park June 7 7 Kansas Speedway June 28-29 8 Watkins Glen International July 12-13 9 Canadian Tire Motorsport Park July 25 10 Indianapolis Motor Speedway August 9-10 11 Road America August 23-24 12 Virginia International Raceway September 20 13 Circuit of the Americas October 3-4 14 Road Atlanta See It On 2014 EVENT SCHEDULE FRIDAY, JUNE 27, 2014 8:00 am - 8:45 am Practice – Continental Tire Challenge 9:00 am - 9:20 am Qualifying – IMSA Prototype Lites 9:35 am - 9:55 am Qualifying – Porsche GT3 Cup 10:10 am - 10:40 am Qualifying – Lamborghini Super Trofeo 10:55 am - 11:10 am Qualifying - Continental Tire Challenge ST 11:25 am - 11:40 am Qualifying - Continental Tire Challenge GS 12:50 pm - 1:50 pm Practice - TUDOR Championship 2:15 pm - 2:45 pm Race 1 - IMSA Prototype Lites - 30 minutes 3:10 pm - 3:55 pm Race 1 – Porsche GT3 Cup - 45 minutes 4:10 pm - 5:00 pm Race 1 - Lamborghini Super Trofeo - 50 minutes SATURDAY, JUNE 28, 2014 8:10 am - 8:55 am Race 2 - IMSA Prototype Lites - 45 minutes 9:10 am -10:10 am Practice - TUDOR Championship 10:30 pm -11:20 am Grid Fan Walk on Pit Lane 11:35 am - 2:05 pm Race - Continental Tire Challenge – 2 ½ hours TUDOR Championship Autograph Session - 12:15 pm - 1:00 pm at Team Transporters 2:45 pm - 3:45 -
Trans Am America's Road Racing Series
2 2020.20 AMPHOTOSPORTS 2 MAGAZINE 2020.20 TRANS AM AMERICA’S ROAD RACING SERIES LEXINGTON MID - OHIO 26 au 28 juin Seconde manche de la série TransAm sur le Circuit de Mid - Ohio, une seconde manche ouverte aux spectateurs selon des règles bien définies et comprenant deux séances test, une séance libre, une séance qualificative pour chaque catégorie et deux courses (TA, XGT, SGT et GT puis TA2). 43 concurrents participai ent à cette seconde manche ( 13 TA, 2 XGT, 6 SGT, 4 GT et 18 TA2). ESSAIS LIBRES Top chrono TA : Chris Dyson (Ford Mustang # 20) 1’23’’137 Top chrono XGT : Erich Joiner (Porsche 911 GT3 - R # 10) 1’25’’692 Top chrono SGT : Adrian Wlostowski (Ford Mustang # 96) 1’30’’031 Top chrono GT : Tim Horrell (Porsche GT4 Clubsport # 45) 1’31’’493 Top chrono TA2 : Libres annulés, chrono séance test : Cameron Lawrence (Ford Mustang # 8) 2’02’’953 (WET) QUALIFICATIONS (TA/XGT/SGT/GT : WET) Pole position TA : Tony Ave (Chevrolet Corvette # 4) 2’01’’925 Pole position XGT : Ken Thwaits (Audi R8 LMS Ultra # 5) 2’13’’086 Pole position SGT : Marc Brummond (BMW M4 GT4 # 24) 2’08’’845 Pole position GT : Tim Horrell (Porsche GT4 Clubsport # 45) 2’1 1’’ 3 71 Tony Ave (Corvette TA) Pole position TA2 : Rafa Matos (Chevrolet Camaro # 7) 1’25’’585 MID - OHIO TA/XGT/SGT/GT Race ………………………………………………………….. 1 – Ernie Francis Junior Ford Mustang # 98 TA 39 tours en 1h06’18’’130 2 – Tony Ave Chevrolet Corvette # 4 TA à 03’’891 3 – Chris Dyson Ford Mustang # 20 TA à 20’’814 4 – Tomy Drissi Chevrolet Camaro # 8 TA à 57’’597 5 – Doug Peterson Chevrolet Camaro # 97 TA à 58’’318 6 – Simon Gregg C hevrolet Camarro # 59 TA à 1 tour 7 – Amy Ruman Chevrolet Corvette # 23 à 1 tour 8 – Kerry Hitt Cadillac CTS - V # 19 TA à 2 tours 9 – Erich Joiner Porsche 911 GT3 - R # 10 XGT à 2 tours 10 – John Baucom Ford Mustang # 86 TA à 2 tours Ernie Francis Jr. -
News Release
News Release FOR IMMEDIATE RELEASE For More Information Contact Scott Black at TimePiece PR (214) 520-3430 (ext. 303) Images Available Upon Request PANOZ ESPERANTE GTLM SCORES FIRST ALMS CLASS VICTORY AND SETS TWO NEW TRACK RECORDS American Race Team Captures Pole, Records and Win Hoschton, GA – April 19, 2005 – The Panoz Motorsports Esperante GTLM Factory Race Team made history on April 17, 2005, by capturing their first class victory and setting two records during the American Le Mans Sportsbook.com Grand Prix of Atlanta. An Esperante battled through a field of 911’s, including a wheel-to-wheel dogfight with the Alex Job Racing Porsche during the race for the win. The Panoz Esperante GTLM racecar is a competition version of the production streetcar from Panoz Auto Development, America's premier independent manufacturer of hand built, high performance automobiles. The Panoz team had tremendous success all weekend at Road Atlanta. On Saturday, Bill Auberlen snagged the pole with a blazing 1:21.647 second qualifying time, which established a new track qualifying record. On Sunday, Auberlen and co-driver Robin Liddell began the race in the No. 50 team Panoz at the front of the GT2 field. They dominated much of the 2 hour and 45 minute race, setting another record, with a new class lap race record of 1:22.930 along the way. This achievement was even more impressive in light of a 20 second pit lane penalty that the team overcame after an over enthusiastic crewmember prematurely entered pit lane. One of the highlights of the race weekend was a spirited competition between the Team Panoz Esperante and the No. -
Elkhart Lake, Wisconsin Pre-Event Entry List 33 Total Entries
Road America 120 IMPC Road America - Elkhart Lake, Wisconsin July 31 - August 02, 2020 Pre-Event Entry List Total Entries: 33 GRAND SPORT (GS) Entries:21 CAR NO. DRIVERS & NATIONALITY TEAM & SPONSOR CAR TYPE TIRE ENGINE FUEL Sheena Monk / Newtown, PA Motorsports In Action Corey Lewis / Nazareth, PA McLaren 570S Michelin McLaren E-10 J.G. Wentworth 3 GT4 Russell Ward / Seabrook, TX Winward Racing Billy Johnson / Torrance, CA Mercedes-AMG Michelin Mercedes- E-10 Mobil 1 / Techemet 4 GT GT4 AMG Alan Brynjolfsson / Tampa, FL Archangel Motorsports Trent Hindman / Wayside, NJ Porsche 718 Michelin Porsche E-10 VOLT Lighting Cayman GT4 7 Clubsport Britt Casey Jr. / Barrington, IL McCann Racing Michael McCann / Canton, OH Audi R8 GT4 Michelin Audi E-10 8 McCann Plastics / Yeti Coolers Seb Priaulx / Guernsey, UK Multimatic Motorsports Inc. Scott Maxwell / Toronto, ON Ford Mustang Michelin Ford E-10 Multimatic Motorsports / Ford Performance 22 GT4 Rob Ferriol / Fayetteville, NC Team Hardpoint Spencer Pumpelly / Atlanta, GA Audi R8 GT4 Michelin Audi E-10 31 GridRival.com Jim Cox / Nokomis, FL Riley Motorsports Dylan Murry / Cumming, GA Mercedes-AMG Michelin Mercedes- E-10 Wynns 35 GT GT4 AMG Thomas Collingwood / St. John's, NL BGB Motorsports Jan Heylen / Dunedin, FL Porsche 718 Michelin Porsche E-10 Loop Tackle Design Cayman GT4 38 Clubsport Tyler McQuarrie / Danville, CA CarBahn with Peregrine racing Jeff Westphal / San Mateo, CA Audi R8 GT4 Michelin Audi E-10 39 Menlo / Accel James Pesek / Harrisonville, MO PF Racing Chase Briscoe / Mitchell, IN Ford Mustang Michelin Ford E-10 PF Racing 40 GT4 Jeff Mosing / Austin, TX Murillo Racing Eric Foss / Fort Worth, TX Mercedes-AMG Michelin Mercedes- E-10 Mosing Motorcars 56 GT GT4 AMG Bryce Ward / Seabrook, TX Winward Racing Alec Udell / The Woodlands, TX Mercedes-AMG Michelin Mercedes- E-10 First Horizon Bank / Techemet 57 GT GT4 AMG 07/27/2020 7:52 PM Page 1 of 3 GRAND SPORT (GS) Entries:21 CAR NO. -
Entrylist-3 Mid-Ohio
American Le Mans Series American Le Mans at Mid-Ohio Mid-Ohio Sports Car Course Lexington, Ohio May 20-22, 2005 Entry List as of 05/13/2005 P1 1 JJ Lehto / Espoo, Finland ADT Champion RacingADT/Champion/Audi Sport NA/ Audi R8 Marco Werner / Kreuzlingen, Switzerland S Line/Ansul/Michelin 2 Frank Biela / Nuess, Germany ADT Champion RacingADT/Champion/Audi Sport NA/ Audi R8 Emanuele Pirro / Rome, Italy S Line/Ansul/Michelin 15 Hayanari Shimoda / Tokyo, Japan Zytek Engineering Zytek 04S Tom Chilton / Horely, UK 16 James Weaver / Wiltshire, England Dyson Racing Team Thetford/Norcold Lola EX257 Butch Leitzinger / Rebersberg, PA AER 20 Chris Dyson / Pleasant Valley, NY Dyson Racing Team Thetford/Norcold Lola EX257 Andy Wallace / Buckingham, England AER P2 8 Jamie Bach / Saukville, WI B-K Motorsports Inc. Sportsbook.com Courage Guy Cosmo / West Palm Beach, FL Mazda 10 John Macaluso / Winter Haven, FL Miracle Motorsports, Inc. Kuhmo Tires/Slime/Red Line Courage C-65 Chris McMurry / Phoenix, AZ Oil/MB Quart AER Jeff Bucknum / Lake Havasu City, AZ 19 Gunnar van der Steur / Chesapeake City, MD van der Steur Racing, Inc. EFC Systems, Inc. Lola B2K/40 Erik van der Steur / Spartanburg, SC AER Ben Devlin / Norwich, England 30 TBA / TBA Telesis Intersport Racing Telesis/Very Berry Exotics Lola B2K/40 TBA / TBA Judd 37 Jon Field / Dublin, OH Telesis Intersport Racing Telesis/Very Berry Exotics Lola B05/40 Clint Field / Dublin, OH AER GT1 3 Ron Fellows / Mississauga, Ontario Corvette RacingCompuware Corvette C6-R Johnny O'Connell / Flowery Branch, GA 4 -
Entry List Continental Tire 150 at the Glen Watkins Glen International Watkins Glen, NY June 25Th - 28Th, 2015 6/25/2015 14:04
Post-Safety Check Entry List Continental Tire 150 at the Glen Watkins Glen International Watkins Glen, NY June 25th - 28th, 2015 6/25/2015 14:04 GS Class Entries NO. DRIVER / HOMETOWN TEAM NAME SPONSOR CAR TYPE 6 Andrew Davis / Athens, GA Stevenson Motorsports Chevrolet Camaro Z/28.R Robin Liddell / Northampton, England 8 Anthony Mantella / Toronto, Canada Mantella Autosport Gulf/ MBRP Chevrolet Camaro Z/28.R Sasha Anis / Ontario, Canada 9 Lawson Aschenbach / Palm Beach Gardens, FL Stevenson Motorsports Chevrolet Camaro Z/28.R Matt Bell / Los Altos, CA 13 Matt Plumb / Newport, RI Rum Bum Racing The Billfish Foundation/ Rum Bum Film & HD Porsche 911 Hugh Plumb / Unionville, PA Studios/ RumBumGear.com 14 BJ Zacharias / Cincinnati, OH Doran Racing Nissan Nismo GT Academy Nissan 370Z Brad Jaeger / Cincinnati, OH 15 Scott Maxwell / Toronto, Canada Multimatic Motorsports Ford Performance/ Multimatic Ford Shelby GT350R-C Billy Johnson / Miami, FL 41 Nick McMillen / Salem, OR Doran Racing Nissan Nismo GT Academy Nissan 370Z Steven Doherty / Plainfield, IL 46 Trent Hindman / Wayside, NJ Fall-Line Motorsports IHG Rewards Club/ Trim-Tex/ Fall-Line BMW M3 Ashley Freiberg / Bondville, VT 57 Bob Michaelian / Seal Beach, CA Racers Edge Motorsports Legistics/ Ford Performance Mustang Boss 302R Nick Galante / Monterey, CA 78 Chris Beaufait / Freeland, WA James Vance / Stouffville, Canada Racers Edge Motorsports xBorder Foods & Wine/ Ford Performance Mustang Boss 302R 80 Martin Barkey / Huntsville, Canada Mantella Autosport/MBRP MBRP/ The Garage/ Praxair/ Sawmill Chevrolet Camaro Z/28.R Kyle Marcelli / Barrie, Canada Creative/ Gulf 89 Ken D'Arcy / Rochester, NY TLSS Motorsports The Little Speed Shop BMW M3 Sam Schultz / Watkins Glen, NY 99 Rob Ecklin, Jr. -
2007 Spotters Guide
2007 Spotter's Guide World Class Prepared by: Mike Callahan Track Map Le Mans Prototype 1 (P1) Audi Sport North America Dindo Cappello 111 Audi R10 Audi TDI Deisel V12 Allan McNish 5499T Tom Kristensen (silver rollover structure, intakes) Audi Sport North America Emanuele Pirro 222 Audi R10 Audi TDI Deisel V12 Marco Werner 5499T Frank Biela (red rollover structure, intakes) Autocon Motorsports Mike Lewis 12 Lola B01/60 AER P07 I4 Chris McMurray 1995T Bryan Willman Intersport Racing Jon Field 37 KWM CA06/H Judd GV5 S2 V10 Clint Field 4997A Richard Berry Le Mans Prototype 2 (P2) Penske Racing Sascha Maassen 666 Porsche RS Spyder Porsche MR6 V8 Ryan Briscoe 3399A Emanuel Collard (yellow hoops, mirrors) Penske Racing Timo Bernhard 777 Porsche RS Spyder Porsche MR6 V8 Romain Dumas 3399A Helio Castroneves (red hoops and mirrors) B-K Motorsports James Bach 888 Lola B07/40 AER Mazda MZR-R I4 Ben Devlin 1995T Raphael Matos Le Mans Prototype 2 (P2) cont. Highcroft Racing David Brabham 999 Acura ARX-01a Acura V8 Stefan Johansson 3397A Duncan Dayton Lowe's Fernandez Racing Adrian Fernandez 15 Lola B06/43 Acura V8 Luis Diaz 3397A David Martinez Dyson Racing Team Butch Leitzinger 16 Prosche RS Spyder Porsche MR6 V8 Andy Wallace 3399A Andy Lally (yellow hoops and mirrors) Dyson Racing Team Chris Dyson 20 Prosche RS Spyder Porsche MR6 V8 Guy Smith 3399A (red hoops and mirrors) Andretti Green Racing Bryan Herta 26 Acura ARX-01a Acura V8 Dario Franchiti 3397A Tony Kannan Horag Racing Fredy Lienhard 27 Lola B05/40 Judd XV V8 Didier Theys 3395A Eric van de Poele Le Mans Grand Touring 1 (GT1) Corvette Racing Johnny O'Connell 333 Chevrolet Corvette C6.R Katech GM LS7 V8 Jan Magnussen 6993A Ron Fellows (red windowstrip) Le Mans Grand Touring 1 (GT1) cont. -
Raceday Viewing Guide Brickyard Grand Prix
RACEDAY VIEWING GUIDE BRICKYARD GRAND PRIX JULY 25, 2014 2014 SCHEDULE January 24-26 1 Daytona International Speedway March 14-15 2 Sebring International Raceway April 12 3 Long Beach Street Circuit May 3-4 4 Mazda Raceway Laguna Seca May 24 5 Lime Rock Park May 31 6 The Raceway at Belle Isle Park June 7 7 Kansas Speedway June 28-29 8 Watkins Glen International July 12-13 9 Canadian Tire Motorsport Park July 25 10 Indianapolis Motor Speedway August 9-10 11 Road America August 23-24 12 Virginia International Raceway September 20 13 Circuit of the Americas October 3-4 14 Road Atlanta See It On 2014 EVENT SCHEDULE THURSDAY, JULY 24, 2014 9:00 am - 10:30 am Practice - Continental Tire Challenge 10:45 am -12:15 pm Practice - TUDOR Championship 12:30 pm - 1:30 pm Practice - Continental Tire Challenge 1:45 pm - 2:45 pm Practice - TUDOR Championship 3:00 pm - 3:15 pm Qualifying – Continental Tire Challenge ST 3:30 pm - 3:45 pm Qualifying – Continental Tire Challenge GS 4:00 pm - 4:15 pm Qualifying - TUDOR Championship GT Daytona 4:20 pm - 4:35 pm Qualifying - TUDOR Championship GT Le Mans Qualifying - TUDOR Championship Prototype 4:45 pm - 5:00 pm Challenge 5:05 pm - 5:20 pm Qualifying - TUDOR Championship Prototype FRIDAY, JULY 25, 2014 IMSA FANZONE (Displays & Giveaways) 8:00 am – 6:00 pm 8:30 am - 10:00 am NASCAR Nationwide Practice 10:30 am - 11:00 am NASCAR Nationwide Final Practice 11:30 am -12:45 pm Fan Walk on back straight in road course 11:35 am - 1:00 pm NASCAR Sprint Cup Practice Autograph Session - TUDOR and Continental 11:45 am - 12:30 pm Tire drivers at Fan Walk on Back Straight in Road Course Live Auction at Fan Walk on Back Straight 12:15 pm - 12:45 pm in Road Course (Benefits Austin Hatcher Foundation) 2:00 pm - 2:15 pm Warm Up - TUDOR Championship Race – Continental Tire SportsCar Challenge – 2:35 pm - 5:05 pm 2 ½ hours Race - Brickyard Grand Prix for the TUDOR 5:45 pm - 8:30 pm Championship – 2 ¾ hours CAR IDENTITY CLASS COLORS To help fans easily identify a class of car, the TUDOR United SportsCar Championship implemented a new color system for 2014. -
Panoz Motor Sport History
Panoz Motor Sport History Don Panoz founded the Panoz Motor Sport Group in 1997, laying the groundwork for nearly two decades of highly successful international endurance sports car and open-wheel racing efforts. It began when Panoz commissioned and campaigned the Panoz Esperante GTR-1, the first successful front- engine prototype race car in more than 30 years of racing. The Panoz GTR-1 with its 6.0-liter Ford-based V8 engine competed in international endurance racing in various forms – including the first modern hybrid race car – from 1997 to 2003. From 1997 to 2002 Panoz Le Mans prototype race cars won eight endurance sports car championship races. The Panoz Motor Sport Group also fielded successful teams racing the Panoz Esperante GTLM, a racing version of the Panoz Esperante GTLM two-seat sports car. Built specifically to compete in the GT2 class at the 24 Hours of Le Mans and in the American Le Mans Series (ALMS), it featured a naturally aspirated stock Ford V8 block bored to 5.0 liters with custom crank, rods, pistons, and a heavily massaged intake manifold and produced about 500 horsepower. On April 17, 2005 Panoz scored its first win with the new car when the No. 50 Panoz Esperante GTLM piloted by Bill Auberlen and Robin Liddell beat the Porsche 911 of Timo Bernhard and Romain Dumas in the No. 23 Alex In 2006 the Panoz Job Racing Porsche 911 GT3. This ended the seven- Motor Sports race Porsche win streak that began at Infineon Raceway Group won the in 2004. GT2 class at the Mobil 1 Twelve Success continued in 2006 when the No. -
Official Race Report
Lone Star Le Mans at Circuit of the Americas (CTSC Round 11 Circuit of the Americas / 3.4 miles September 18 - 20, 2014 / Austin, Texas Continental Tire SportsCar Challenge Official Race Report Time of race: 2:31:41.581 / Margin of victory: 7.982 St Car Class No Pos Pos No Class Pos Drivers / Hometown / State Team / Car / Sponsor Laps Status 19 46 GS 1 Trent Hindman / Ocean, NJ Fall-Line Motorsports 55 Running John Edwards / Cincinnati, OH BMW M3 Trim-Tex/ Cirroco Ozzimo/ Atlas Acon/ DFL Interiors 216 97 GS 2 Michael Marsal / New York, NY Turner Motorsport 55 Running Tom Kimber-Smith / Pleasant Valley, NY BMW M3 Turner Motorsport 31 158 GS 3 Ian James / Phoenix, AZ Multimatic Motorsports 55 Running Billy Johnson / Mooresville, NC Mustang Boss 302R Miller Racing/ Ford Racing/ Prestige/ Total Care Auto 45 6 GS 4 Robin Liddell / Newbury, England Stevenson Motorsports 55 Running Andrew Davis / Athens, GA Camaro Z/28.R Stevenson Automotive Group 52 15 GS 5 Jade Buford / Brentwood, TN Multimatic Motorsports 55 Running Scott Maxwell / Toronto, Canada Mustang Boss 302R Multimatic Motorsports/ Ford Racing 64 01 GS 6 Eric Curran / Holyoke, MA CKS Autosport 55 Running Lawson Aschenbach / Jupiter, FL Camaro Z/28.R 713 99 GS 7 Steve Phillips / Isles of Palms, SC Automatic Racing 55 Running Charles Espenlaub / Lutz, FL Aston Martin Vantage Invisible Glass/ Rogue Engineering/ Melbourne BMW/ Crocs 819 78 GS 8 David Levine / Highland Park, IL Racers Edge Motorsports 55 Running David Calvert-Jones / Los Angeles, CA Mustang Boss 302R Gary Yeomans Ford/ -
Raising the Roof to Help Disabled Kids
C M C M Y K Y K MHS HALL OF FAME FIRE AFTERMATH Pirates induct 10th class, B1 Washington residents return home, A7 Serving Oregon’s South Coast Since 1878 MONDAY,AUGUST 20, 2012 theworldlink.com I 75¢ Veterans Stand Down Groups stand up for vets I 200 gather at all wore red name tags. office who helped organize the “It means I’m between homes event. armory for help, right now,” said Richard Richey, Richey, a private contractor, glancing at his red tag. Richey said he was staying with friends food, supplies served in the U.S. Army from and doesn’t need any of the shel- 1999 and 2001. ters that were represented at the BY JESSIE HIGGINS The legal definition for home- stand down. He was never in bat- The World less states the person does not tle, but knows many veterans who have a lease or mortgage, does not are still haunted by combat and NORTH BEND — Whether pay rent, does not own property. who could benefit from the vari- battling post traumatic stress, Someone who fits this defini- ous counseling groups showcased having trouble adjusting to civil- tion could be living with friends at the event. ian life or just unable to find work, or family, couch surfing, staying The stand down helped Richey dozens of homeless veterans con- in a shelter or living on the streets, in another way. By Lou Sennick, The World verged Friday on the fourth annu- said Heather Partipilo. She’s a Militaryveterans look through surplus military clothing and other items Friday at the third al Veterans Stand Down.