Omri in Context: an Israelite King Between History and Theology
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2 the Assyrian Empire, the Conquest of Israel, and the Colonization of Judah 37 I
ISRAEL AND EMPIRE ii ISRAEL AND EMPIRE A Postcolonial History of Israel and Early Judaism Leo G. Perdue and Warren Carter Edited by Coleman A. Baker LONDON • NEW DELHI • NEW YORK • SYDNEY 1 Bloomsbury T&T Clark An imprint of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc Imprint previously known as T&T Clark 50 Bedford Square 1385 Broadway London New York WC1B 3DP NY 10018 UK USA www.bloomsbury.com Bloomsbury, T&T Clark and the Diana logo are trademarks of Bloomsbury Publishing Plc First published 2015 © Leo G. Perdue, Warren Carter and Coleman A. Baker, 2015 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage or retrieval system, without prior permission in writing from the publishers. Leo G. Perdue, Warren Carter and Coleman A. Baker have asserted their rights under the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act, 1988, to be identified as Authors of this work. No responsibility for loss caused to any individual or organization acting on or refraining from action as a result of the material in this publication can be accepted by Bloomsbury or the authors. British Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. ISBN: HB: 978-0-56705-409-8 PB: 978-0-56724-328-7 ePDF: 978-0-56728-051-0 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data A catalogue record for this book is available from the British Library. Typeset by Forthcoming Publications (www.forthpub.com) 1 Contents Abbreviations vii Preface ix Introduction: Empires, Colonies, and Postcolonial Interpretation 1 I. -
1-And-2 Kings
FROM DAVID TO EXILE 1 & 2 Kings by Daniel J. Lewis © copyright 2009 by Diakonos, Inc. Troy, Michigan United States of America 2 Contents Introduction .................................................................................................................................................... 4 Composition and Authorship ...................................................................................................................... 5 Structure ..................................................................................................................................................... 6 Theological Motifs ..................................................................................................................................... 7 The Kingship of Solomon (1 Kings 1-11) .....................................................................................................13 Solomon Succeeds David as King (1:1—2:12) .........................................................................................13 The Purge (2:13-46) ..................................................................................................................................16 Solomon‟s Wisdom (3-4) ..........................................................................................................................17 Building the Temple and the Palace (5-7) .................................................................................................20 The Dedication of the Temple (8) .............................................................................................................26 -
2 Kings 10:1-17
Ahab’s Family Killed - 2 Kings 10:1-17 Topics: Approval, Challenge, Children, Death, Example, Family, Fear, Friendship, Loyalty, Murder, Promises, Prophecy, Rebellion, Relationships, Serving, Swearing, Teamwork, Zeal Open It 1. Whom would you want to raise your children should something happen to you and your spouse? * 2. What are some of the ways that politicians form alliances? Explore It 3. When Joram and Jezebel were dead, what threats to Jehu’s kingship still remained? (10:1) 4. What challenge did Jehu issue to the elders and guardians of Joram’s children? (10:2-3) 5. Why were the officials in Samaria afraid of Jehu? (10:4) 6. Instead of mounting a defense, what message did the officials send back to Jehu? (10:5) 7. What request of the officials did Jehu make by return message? (10:6) * 8. Why were all of Joram’s potential heirs in one place and vulnerable? (10:6) * 9. What action did the guardians take against their charges? (10:7-8) * 10. For which violent acts did Jehu take responsibility, and which ones did he lay at the feet of the people? (10:9) 11. Who was guilty of what? (10:9-11) 12. How extensive did Jehu plan to make his cleansing of Israel? (10:10-11) 13. What citizens of Judah were included in Jehu’s purge of Israel? (10:12-14) 14. Whom did Jehu meet while en route to Samaria? (10:15) 15. How did Jehu see his various actions against the house of Ahab? (10:16) Get It * 16. -
Athaliah, a Treacherous Queen: a Careful Analysis of Her Story in 2 Kings 11 and 2 Chronicles 22:10-23:21
Athaliah, a treacherous queen: A careful analysis of her story in 2 Kings 11 and 2 Chronicles 22:10-23:21 Robin Gallaher Branch School of Biblical Sciences & Bible Languages Potchefstroom Campus North-West University POTCHEFSTROOM E-mail: [email protected] [email protected] Abstract Athaliah, a treacherous queen: A careful analysis of her story in 2 Kings 11 and 2 Chronicles 22:10-23:21 This article presents a critical look at the story of the reign of Athaliah, the only ruling queen of Israel or Judah in the biblical text. Double reference in 2 Kings and 2 Chronicles shows her story’s importance and significance to the biblical writers. The largely parallel accounts read like a contemporary soap opera, for they contain murder, intrigue, harem politics, religious upheaval, and coup and counter-coup. Her story provides insights on the turbulent political climate of the ninth century BC. However, the purpose of the biblical writers is not to show Athaliah as the epitome of evil or that all women in power are evil. Opsomming Atalia, ’n verraderlike koningin: ’n noukeurige analise van haar verhaal in 2 Konings 11 en 2 Kronieke 22:10-23:21 In hierdie artikel word die verhaal van Atalia krities nagegaan. Atalia was naamlik die enigste koninging van Israel of Juda wie se regeringstyd in die Bybelteks verhaal word. Die dubbele verwysings na hierdie tyd in 2 Konings en 2 Kronieke dui op die belangrikheid en betekenis van haar verhaal vir die Bybel- skrywers. Die twee weergawes wat grotendeels parallelle weer- gawes is, lees byna soos ’n hedendaagse sepie, want hierdie verhale sluit elemente in soos moord, intrige, harempolitiek, godsdiensopstand, staatsgreep en kontrastaatsgreep. -
Chart of the Kings of Israel and Judah
The Kings of Israel & Judah Why Study the Kings? Chart of the Kings Questions for Discussion The Heritage of Jesus Host: Alan's Gleanings Alphabetical List of the Kings A Comment about Names God's Message of Salvation Kings of the United Kingdom (c 1025-925 BC) Relationship to God's King Previous King Judgment Saul none did evil Ishbosheth* son (unknown) David none did right Solomon did right in youth, son (AKA Jedidiah) evil in old age * The kingdom was divided during Ishbosheth's reign; David was king over the tribe of Judah. Kings of Judah (c 925-586 BC) Kings of Israel (c 925-721 BC) Relationship to God's Relationship to God's King King Previous King Judgment Previous King Judgment Rehoboam son did evil Abijam Jeroboam servant did evil son did evil (AKA Abijah) Nadab son did evil Baasha none did evil Asa son did right Elah son did evil Zimri captain did evil Omri captain did evil Ahab son did evil Jehoshaphat son did right Ahaziah son did evil Jehoram son did evil (AKA Joram) Jehoram son of Ahab did evil Ahaziah (AKA Joram) (AKA Azariah son did evil or Jehoahaz) Athaliah mother did evil Jehu captain mixed Joash did right in youth, son of Ahaziah Jehoahaz son did evil (AKA Jehoash) evil in old age Joash did right in youth, son did evil Amaziah son (AKA Jehoash) evil in old age Jeroboam II son did evil Zachariah son did evil did evil Uzziah Shallum none son did right (surmised) (AKA Azariah) Menahem none did evil Pekahiah son did evil Jotham son did right Pekah captain did evil Ahaz son did evil Hoshea none did evil Hezekiah son did right Manasseh son did evil Amon son did evil Josiah son did right Jehoahaz son did evil (AKA Shallum) Jehoiakim Assyrian captivity son of Josiah did evil (AKA Eliakim) Jehoiachin (AKA Coniah son did evil or Jeconiah) Zedekiah son of Josiah did evil (AKA Mattaniah) Babylonian captivity Color Code Legend: King did right King did evil Other. -
Year Five Winter
Sunday School Curriculum Winter Quarter One Story Ministries SS05W Lesson Sequence The Lesson Winter Quarter Sequence gives the teacher an overview of the entire quarter. Week One I Kings 12, II Chronicles 10 The central goal of the Investigating God’s Word… Week Two I Kings 13 curriculum is to enable children the opportunity to read Week Three I Kings 14:1-20, II Chronicles 11 and study the entire Bible—from Genesis to Revelation—by the Week Four I Kings 14:21-31, II Chronicles 12 time they “graduate” from 6th grade. Week Five I Kings 15:1-8, II Chronicles 13:1-14:1 Week Six I Kings 15:9-24, II Chronicles 14:2-16:14 Week Seven I Kings 15:25-16:28 Week Eight I Kings 16:29-17:24 Week Nine I Kings 18 Week Ten I Kings 19 Week Eleven I Kings 20, II Chronicles 17 Week Twelve I Kings 21 Week Thirteen I Kings 22, II Chronicles 18-20 Spring Quarter: II Kings 1-12, II Chronicles 21-24, Joel, Jonah Year Five Teacher’s Manual Winter Quarter ~ Page 2 Lesson Seven I Kings 15:25-16:28 Overview What a cast of characters! In the span of just one Godly king of Judah (Asa), we are introduced to five evil kings of Israel. First up is Nadab, son of Jeroboam. He follows in his father’s footsteps, provoking God to anger by leading Israel further into idolatry. He Suggested Schedule and his family are killed by Baasha, who is the next to ascend the throne of Israel. -
Or Biblical Balak?1
TEL AVIV Vol. 46, 2019, 3–11 Restoring Line 31 in the Mesha Stele: The ‘House of David’ or Biblical Balak?1 Israel Finkelstein1, Nadav Na’aman1 and Thomas Römer2 1Tel Aviv University, 2Collège de France, University of Lausanne After studying new photographs of the Mesha Stele and the squeeze of the stele prepared before the stone was broken, we dismiss Lemaire’s proposal House of David’) on Line 31. It is now clear that there are‘) בת]ד[וד to read three consonants in the name of the monarch mentioned there, and that the first is a beth. We cautiously propose that the name on Line 31 be read as Balak, the king of Moab referred to in the Balaam story in Numbers 22–24. Keywords Mesha Stele, Mesha, Moab, Beth David, Balak, Horonaim, Horon The bottom part of the Mesha Stele, which includes Line 31, is broken (Fig. 1). About צאן seven letters are missing from the beginning of the line, followed by the words sheep/small cattle of the land”). Next there is a vertical stroke that marks“) הארץ And“) וחורנן ישב בה the transition to a new sentence, which opens with the words Hawronēn dwelt therein”). Evidently a name is expected to follow. Then there is a legible beth, followed by a partially eroded, partially broken section with space for two letters, followed by a waw and an unclear letter. The rest of the line, with space for three letters, is missing. Scholars have offered a variety of possibilities in an effort to complete and decipher :Clermont-Ganneau (1875: 173; 1887 .ישב בה the eroded and missing part of Line 31 after and suggested that “il faut très probablement y chercher un ou deux ב]..[וד read here (107 noms propres dʼhomme” (1887: 107). -
Geography of Salvation
©2020 John Oswalt. Reproduction of all or any substantial part of these materials is prohibited except for personal, individual use. No part of these materials may be distributed or copied for any other purpose without written permission. For information about these or other Bible study materials, contact: PO Box 7 Wilmore, KY 40390 859-858-4222 800-530-5673 [email protected] www.francisasburysociety.com Other Bible studies by the author include: Exodus Isaiah TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 KINGS 17–18 ....................................................................................................................................................... 4 1 KINGS 19–20 ....................................................................................................................................................... 7 1 KINGS 21–22 ..................................................................................................................................................... 10 1 KINGS 22:51–2 KINGS 2:35 ................................................................................................................................ 13 2 KINGS 3–4 ......................................................................................................................................................... 16 2 KINGS 5–6:23 .................................................................................................................................................... 19 2 KINGS 6:24–8:6 ................................................................................................................................................ -
Jeremiah 35:1-19 • an End Times Role Model
Jeremiah 35:1-19 • An End Times Role Model Introduction We need to pay particular attention to what went on in the period of Israel’s history leading up to the Captivity as it is foreshadows how things will take place in the Last Days leading up to the Great Tribulation. Through these events the Holy Spirit is trying to teach us something about our present situation. And in the midst of a time when it seems like everyone has fallen away, that there are no more true believers and that there are ten thousand false prophets for every true prophet, we are provided a very interesting example of faithfulness by a remnant in the midst of these circumstances. 1The word which came to Jeremiah [Read v.1-5] from the LORD in the days of Jehoiakim the son of Josiah, king of Judah, saying, Q: Who, exactly, are the Rechabites? Why is their heritage in Israel 2 “Go to the house of the Rechabites and particularly unique? speak to them, and bring them into the A: According to the genealogy in 1 Chronicles they are descended from house of the LORD, into one of the the Kenites of Hamath. (1 Chr. 2:55) If we follow their lineage back chambers, and give them wine to drink.” further we will discover that they are ultimately descended from Moses’ 3 Then I took Jaazaniah the son of father-in-law known both as Hobab and Jethro. (Ex. 18:9; Num. 10:29-32; Jeremiah, son of Habazziniah, and his Judges 1:16) They would have originally been known as “proselytes”, not brothers and all his sons and the whole native-born Israelites, who came into Canaan side-by-side with the 4 house of the Rechabites, and I brought Israelites but chose to live as nomads in tents rather than in fixed them into the house of the LORD, into the buildings. -
Semitica 62, 2020, P
Athaliah and the Theopolitics of Royal Assassination Cat Quine University of Nottingham Abstract. While the kingdom of Israel experienced eight military coups in its shorter his- tory, the kingdom of Judah saw only four assassinations of its monarchs, three of which were Athaliah, her usurper, and his successor.1 This sequence of untimely royal deaths in Judah stands in contrast to the stability of Israel’s royal line under the Jehuite dynasty, whose kings are said to have entreated Yahweh, sought advice from prophets, and defeated Judah at Beth-Shemesh. From a later perspective it seems that whereas Yahweh previously protected the Judahite kings, in the ninth-eighth centuries BCE the Jehuite kings enjoyed Yahweh’s favour more than the Davidides. This paper thus considers the theopolitical im- pact of untimely royal deaths in ninth-eighth century Judah and argues that the instability of the Judahite royal line after her marriage contributed to the negative biblical portrayal of Athaliah and the Omride-Judahite alliance. Résumé. Cependant que le royaume d’Israël a connu huit coups d’État, le royaume de Juda n’a subi que quatre assassinats royaux, parmi lesquels Athalie, son usurpateur et son suc- cesseur. Cette séquence tranche avec la stabilité de la dynastie jéhuite, dont les rois implo- rent Yahvé, cherchent conseil auprès des prophètes, et défont Juda à Beth-Shémesh. De ce point de vue, il semble qu’aux IXᵉ-VIIIᵉ s. av. J.-Ch. les rois jéhuites bénéficient plus que les davidides de la faveur de Yahvé, alors même que ce dernier protégeait jusqu’alors les rois judaïtes. -
H 02-UP-011 Assyria Io02
he Hebrew Bible records the history of ancient Israel reign. In three different inscriptions, Shalmaneser III and Judah, relating that the two kingdoms were recounts that he received tribute from Tyre, Sidon, and united under Saul (ca. 1000 B.C.) Jehu, son of Omri, in his 18th year, tand became politically separate fol- usually figured as 841 B.C. Thus, Jehu, lowing Solomon’s death (ca. 935 B.C.). the next Israelite king to whom the The division continued until the Assyrians refer, appears in the same Assyrians, whose empire was expand- order as described in the Bible. But he ing during that period, exiled Israel is identified as ruling a place with a in the late eighth century B.C. different geographic name, Bit Omri But the goal of the Bible was not to (the house of Omri). record history, and the text does not One of Shalmaneser III’s final edi- shy away from theological explana- tions of annals, the Black Obelisk, tions for events. Given this problem- contains another reference to Jehu. In atic relationship between sacred the second row of figures from the interpretation and historical accura- top, Jehu is depicted with the caption, cy, historians welcomed the discovery “Tribute of Iaua (Jehu), son of Omri. of ancient Assyrian cuneiform docu- Silver, gold, a golden bowl, a golden ments that refer to people and places beaker, golden goblets, pitchers of mentioned in the Bible. Discovered gold, lead, staves for the hand of the in the 19th century, these historical king, javelins, I received from him.”As records are now being used by schol- scholar Michele Marcus points out, ars to corroborate and augment the Jehu’s placement on this monument biblical text, especially the Bible’s indicates that his importance for the COPYRIGHT THE BRITISH MUSEUM “historical books” of Kings. -
The Synchronisms of the Hebrew Kings- a Re-Evaluation : I1
THE SYNCHRONISMS OF THE HEBREW KINGS- A RE-EVALUATION : I1 EDWIN R. THIELE Andrews University, Berrien Springs, Michigan Another period of Hebrew history that has provided serious chronological perplexities is the century covering the reigns of Athaliah to Azariah in Judah and Jehu to Pekahiah in Israel. The reigns of this period are as follows : Israel Athaliah 7 years Jehu 28 years Joash 40 years Jehoahaz 17 years Amaziah 29 years Jehoash 16 years Azariah 52 years Jeroboam I1 41 years Total I 28 years Zachariah 6 months Shallum I month Menahem 10 years Pekahiah 2 years Total I 14 years, 7 months Since Athaliah and Jehu began their reigns simultaneously, and since Pekahiah terminated his reign in the fifty-second and last year of Azariah (z Ki 15 : 27)) the totals of Israel and Judah for this period should be identical, but we notice that there is an excess of approximately 13 years in Judah over Israel. From Assyrian sources the length of this period can be fixed at about a century, for it was in 841 B.C. that Jehu paid tribute to Shalmaneser 111, and it was during the great The first pad of this article was published in A USS, I (1963) 121-138. SYNCHRONISMS OF THE HEBREW KINGS I21 campaign of Tiglath-pileser I11 against the Westland in 743-738 B.C. that Azariah and Menahem are mentioned in the Assyrian records. Noticing the seeming discrepancies between Hebrew and Assyrian history for this period, Albright has proposed the following solution for Judah: "The excess of some 24 years can be eliminated entirely by disregarding the total reigns attributed to the kings of Judah and basing our revised estimates of their reigns solely on the synchronisms with Israel (which throughout contradict the regnal totals of the kings of Judah) ." Thus by a reduction of the reign of Athaliah from 7 years to 6, of Joash from 40 to 38, of Amaziah from 29 to 18, and Azariah from 52 to 42, Albright endeavors to bring the chronology of Judah into line with that of Assyria.