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Women in Brazilian Mammalogy: the Pioneers and the Prominent Members S of the Brazilian Society of Mammalogy Aio

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Women in Brazilian Mammalogy: the Pioneers and the Prominent Members S of the Brazilian Society of Mammalogy Aio Boletim da Sociedade Brasileira de Mastozoologia, 85: 128-143, 2019 © 2019 Sociedade Brasileira de Mastozoologia Women in Brazilian mammalogy: the pioneers and the prominent members S of the Brazilian Society of Mammalogy aio NS leandra MR Bezerra na azar E ¹ Mastozoologia, Coordenação de Zoologia, Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, MPEG, Belém, PA, Brazil. ² Setor de Mastozoologia, Departamento de Vertebrados, Museu Nacional, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, UFRJ, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil. * Corresponding Author: [email protected] abstract: Despite the relatively short history of the Brazilian Society of Mammalogy (SBMz) with its 31 years, some remarkable women made significant contributions, not only to the SBMz, but also to the Brazilian mammalogy in general. Even before the consolidation of the SBMz, several women, regardless of their position in the society and academy, developed and participated in activities that were essential to the current knowledge on Neotropical mammalogy. To highlight the contributions of such women and her successors in Mammalogy, we describe the careers and accomplishments of 21 women in short biographical notes. Our selection includes women that worked from the early 20th century until the beginnings of the 21st century in two categories: SBMz’s members and relevant non-members. We shall not forget the Archduchess Leopoldine of Austria, an educated and natural sciences enthusiast that, through her marriage with the Crown Prince D. Pedro I of Brazil, literally brought in her “wedding baggage” the opening to the natural history knowledge of Brazil in early XIX century. Key-Words: Emilie Snethlage; Leopoldine of Austria; Neotropical mammalogy; Research; 20th century. resumo: Mulheres na mastozoologia brasileira: as pioneiras e a Sociedade Brasileira de Mastoozologia. Apesar da Sociedade Brasileira de Mastozoologia (SBMz) ser relativamente nova (31 anos), algumas mulheres notáveis fizeram significativas contribuições, não somente para a SBMz, mas para o estudo de mamíferos no Brasil, porém nunca receberam uma merecida homenagem. Ainda, antes da consolidação da SBMz, algumas delas, a despeito de sua posição na sociedade e na academia, desenvolveram ou participaram de atos que foram essenciais para o que hoje conhecemos sobre a Mastozoologia Neotropical. Para divulgar as contribuições dessas importantes mulheres na mastozoologia, nós elaboramos resumos biográficos de 21 delas, do início do século XX até o ano 2000, separando os registros entre membros da SBMz e aquelas que não são membros. Não podemos nos esquecer da Arquiduquesa Leopoldina da Áustria, uma mulher extremamente culta e interessada em ciências naturais, que no início do século XIX, através de seu casamento com o Príncipe-herdeiro D. Pedro I do Brasil, literalmente trouxe em sua bagagem de núpcias o que seria a abertura do Brasil para o conhecimento científico nas disciplinas da história natural. Palavras-Chave: Emilie Snethlage; Imperatriz Maria Leopoldina; Mastozoologia Neotropical; Pesquisa; Século XX. We delineated our essay to include pioneer women nowadays. In spite of that, they have become examples dedicated to studies on the Brazilian mammalian fauna of successful women and here they are remembered and women that contributed to consolidate mammalogy for their great contribution to mammalogy in Brazil. We in Brazil (several still contributing to this date). For the included, when possible, personal notes from our own latter group, we have arbitrarily included those women experience or the experience of colleagues that have with PhD completed until 2000 (four exceptions, being known, lived and/or worked with some of these excep- two PhDs, a collection manager and a noblewoman, tional women. are explained in the proper sections). Consequently, The account was organized in chronological order some important women were excluded, but were not of their graduation. Their professional information was forgotten. Some of the women mentioned herein suf- taken from Plataforma Lattes (http://buscatextual.cnpq. 128 fered some kind of prejudice or harassment during their br/buscatextual), or other sources when specified, and careers, as most women still do in most professions the cut-off date was May 2018, when the first draft of Bol. Soc. Bras. Mastozool., 85: 128-143, 2019 the text was finalized. The first information between assistant at Museu Paraense Emílio Goeldi – MPEG (that brackets is the year they obtained their bachelor’s de- time Museu Goeldi), in Belém, Pará State. She was the gree, followed when appropriate by the year of death first woman employed by the government of the State and the symbol ‘ƚ’. This work was broadly inspired on of Pará, where she stayed for 17 years. At MPEG she Stein (1996) and Kaufman et al. (1996), who highlighted worked with two directors until 1914, when she was S the contribution of women in the early years of mam- invited to assume the head of the institution. In 1921, malogy in the United States of America and in the de- the funding for the MPEG decreased with the decline of aio velopment and consolidation of the first 30 years of the the regional based economy of latex extraction, and in American Society of Mammalogists, respectively. 1922 Emilie was invited to take a job as a field naturalist NS at Museu Nacional, in Rio de Janeiro State. Emilie con- E ducted fieldwork in several occasions and places during EarlY 20tH CENtUrY her life as a zoologist in Brazil. Pioneer, one of the most emblematic moments was the expedition throughout an Emilie Snethlage unmapped region between the Xingu and Tapajós Rivers (active in Brazil from 1905 to her death in 1929) during 1909, in central and western Brazilian Amazonia, on foot and escorted by seven local indigenous people The first female who worked with mammals in Bra- (Junghans, 2008). zil was a naturalist, who collected and studied these ani- Emilie undertook at least 18 large expeditions mals almost a century before the establishment of the in Brazil and collected ca. 10.000 birds and mammals, Brazilian Society of Mammalogy, in 1985. The German- which are deposited in scientific museums of Brazil, born Brazilian naturalist Emilie Snethlage (German name Europe and United States (Sanjab et al., 2013; Bezerra, Henriette Mathilde Maria Elizabeth Emilie Snethlage) pers. obs.). Her last expedition was in 1929 to the Ma- was better known for her studies on birds, but also can deira River, in Porto Velho, Rondônia State, when she got easily be considered a mammalogist. sick and passed away at age 61. She had 43 scientific pa- Coming from a Lutheran family, Emilie Snethlage pers published (Junghans, 2008) and among the mam- (Figure 1) since an early age was independent and in- mal specimens collected by Emilie, there are several terested in nature (Snethlage, 1930). She had a home holotypes of species described by Oldfield Thomas (e.g., education but was approved to be a tutor in high schools Thomas, 1910, 1920a, 1920b) and João Moojen (e.g., (1889) and tutored for 10 years throughout three coun- Moojen, 1948), such as the Pale-brown ghost bat Dicli- tries (England, Ireland and Germany). In 1899, she re- durus isabella (Thomas, 1920) and the Rio Negro brush- ceived a small inheritance and could realize her dream tailed rat Isothrix negrensis Thomas, 1920. Due to her of attending higher education (Snethlage, 1930). She was importance in Brazilian mammalogy she was honored one of the first women to study at the University of Berlin, with species named after her, such as the Snethlage’s ti- where she graduated in Natural History (1899). Her PhD grina Leopardus emiliae (Thomas, 1914), the tuff-tailed degree (1904) in arthropod muscle morphology was de- spiny tree rat Lonchothrix emiliae Thomas, 1920a (also a veloped in two universities, Jena and Freiburg, Germany. new genus), and the Snethlage’s marmoset Mico emiliae Emilie Snethlage came to Brazil in 1905, invited (Thomas, 1920b) (all of them based on specimens col- by Swiss zoologist Emilio Goeldi to work as zoology lected by her). Animals of other groups have also been Figure 1: Emilie Snethlage (left) during a fieldwork in Amazon and (right) seated in a chaise in a balcony of Museu Nacional/Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro in 1926. Sources: Emil-Heinrich Snethlage, Snethlage Family collection, and Arquivo Guilherme De La Penha/Museu Paraense 129 Emilio Goeldi, respectively. Bezerra AMR & Lazar A: Women in Brazilian mammalogy Bol. Soc. Bras. Mastozool., 85: 128-143, 2019 named after her, e.g., the armored catfish Peckoltia several are currently prominent researchers working in snethlageae (Steindachner, 1911), the Utinga Surinam universities and research institutes in Brazil. toad Pipa snethlageae Müller, 1914, the Earth snake Atractus snethlageae Cunha and Nascimento, 1983, the Service to the Brazilian Society of Mammalogy lizard Loxopholis snethlageae (Avila-Pires, 1995), and S the Madeira parakeet Pyrrhura snethlageae Joseph and Margarete Mattevi was an active member of the Bates, 2002. Brazilian Society of Mammalogy (SBMz) from 1985 to aio 2008. NS E WoMEN iN tHE EarlY YEarS oF tHE BraziliaN SI MMM 1985-2000 Maria dalva antunes de Mello, Phd 197, 2007 Margarete Suñé Mattevi, Phd 193, 2013 Dalva (Figure 2) was one of the first parasitolo- gists with a focus on the Neotropical non-volant small Described by her colleagues and friends as a “very mammals and endemic zoonosis. She was far ahead of enthusiastic, wonderful, and kind professional and per- her time, and beyond her research and teaching activi- son”, Margarete Mattevi (Figure 2) had an important ties she was an art enthusiast, organized art exhibitions, role in integrating research and researchers from several had four photography books published, and managed a academic areas and countries. She pioneered animal cy- bar. She earned her bachelor’s degree in Natural History togenetics in Brazil. Her life was intrinsically linked with (1967) by Universidade Federal de Pernambuco – UFPE, the Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul – UFRGS, Recife, Pernambuco State, and obtained a specializa- Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul State, where she ob- tion in Health Sciences (1968) at the same university.
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