THE AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL

Photo from O. G. Marsh \ BRONCHO-BUSTING CREOLE, MONTEVIDEO

Vol. II AUGUST. 1925 No. 8

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FOREIGN S JOURNAL

VOL. II No. 8 WASHINGTON, D. C. AUGUST, 19:25 Minutes of the Foreign Service Association Annual Meeting THE first annual meeting of the American the report represented only its views. Mr. Lay Foreign Service Association was called for moved the adoption of the report as read. Mr. this date in order that there might be placed Linnell raised the question as to whether the before the members in Washington the report of Articles of the Association had been approved by the Executive Committee, the report of the Secre¬ a majority of the active members, and was in¬ tary-Treasurer, the report of the Business Man¬ formed by the Chairman that they had. Mr. Cole ager of the JOURNAL, and in order that a new inquired as to the date upon which a sufficient Executive Committee might lie elected. Active number of approvals had been received to consti¬ members in Washington were provided in advance tute the majority required for adoption, and was with mimeographed notices of the meeting and its informed by the Chairman, after consultation with proposed agenda. the Secretary-Treasurer, that the required number The meeting was attended by 36 officers. of ballots was received about the first of April. Chairman Evan E. Young, of the Executive The motion made by Mr. Lay was seconded and Committee, presided and, after announcing the unanimously carried. purpose of the meeting, read the report of the The annual report of the Secretary-Treasurer Executive Committee, a true copy of which is was read by Mr. Cochran and, upon a motion attached hereto. Mr. Young asked that the resig¬ made by Mr. Lav and seconded by Mr. James B. nations of the present members be accepted as of Stewart, was unanimously adopted. July 1, 1925, and announced that the Secretary- The report of the FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL Treasurer, Mr. Cochran, who had been appointed was read by Business Manager Edwin C. Wilson by the Committee, also tendered his resignation. and, upon a motion made by Mr. Cole and sec¬ Mr. Lay asked whether or not, in view of its onded by Mr. Totten, was unanimously adopted. adverse report, the Executive Committee had The Chairman called for nominations for the brought forward any proposal for a different Executive Committee, explaining the precedent method which would render feasible the election established at the first meeting of the Association of a President and Vice-President. Mr. Young by choosing three members from the consular and stated that it had not. Mr. Lay then asked if the two from the diplomatic branches of the Service. Executive Committee had taken any action toward Mr. Cole nominated as members from the con¬ the nomination and election of a President and sular branch Messrs. Ralph Totten, William Vice-President under the Articles as they now Dawson, and Coert Du Bois. Mr. Marriner nomi¬ stand, or whether the adverse report rendered by nated as members from the diplomatic branch it merely expressed the views of the Committee. Messrs. Francis White and Arthur Bliss Lane. Mr. Young answered that no initiative had been Mr. James B. Stewart moved that the nominations taken by the Committee in that regard, and that be closed, and Mr. Huddle seconded the motion. 245 It was moved by Mr. Buhrman that the above- three sources: First, a quarterly allotment of $500 mentioned five members be elected by acclamation. made by the Association as a contribution toward The motion was carried. expenses of publication; second, funds received Mr. Lay made a motion, which was seconded from advertising placed in the columns of the by Mr. Huddle and carried unanimously, to the JOURNAL; third, subscriptions and sales of indi¬ effect that the election of a President and Vice- vidual copies of the JOURNAL. President under the Articles of Association as The second item, funds received from adver¬ they now stand he commended to the special con¬ tising, is the largest single source of revenue of sideration of the new Committee and that if, the JOURNAL, serving by itself to cover the actual after due investigation, it concurs in the opinion cost of printing the JOURNAL. Receipts from expressed in the report of the retiring Executive advertising were: In the December, 1924, quarter, Committee, it bring forward a proposal for a $1,352.34; in the March, 1925, quarter. $1,573.23; different method which would make the election and in the June, 1925, quarter, $1,583.16. of a President and Vice-President feasible. The disbursements of the JOURNAL are, in the Mr. Edwin C. Wilson moved that a vote of order of their importance: Printing costs; post¬ appreciation be extended the retiring Executive age; clerical assistance; stationery. The cost of Committee. The motion was seconded by Mr. printing has averaged during the present quarter Linnell and unanimously carried. approximately $400 per month, which includes one As there was no further business the meeting 36-page number and two 32-page numbers. was adjourned to meet at the call of the newly The cost of postage has increased 155 percent elected Committee. in the quarter now ended over the December H. MERLE COCHRAN, quarter, this being caused by the new arrange¬ Secretary-Treasurer. ment under which copies are now sent to members of the Association by open mail wherever direct pouch service is not available. The former system involved sending all copies of the JOURNAL, with¬ out postage, in the pouches and relying upon the men in the field to forward copies to the officers in the same country. This resulted in delay and criticism from the field. The present method, whereby the men receive their copies much more promptly, is believed to justify the extra expense and has been approved by the Executive Com¬ mittee. Twelve hundred copies of the JOURNAL are printed each month, some 620 being sent to mem¬ bers of the Association in the Department and in the field. 180 to private subscribers, and 220 to a complimentary mailing list composed of public libraries, universities, chambers of commerce, and AN ARAB POTTER IN HIS SHOP government officials. The remaining copies are required by the Business Staff and the Editor, and REPORT OF BUSINESS MAN¬ for the purpose of maintaining a small stock. A change in the membership of the Business AGER OF JOURNAL Staff of the JOURNAL occurred on April 1, 1925, HE following report is submitted on behalf when Air. Thomas M. Wilson, Assistant Business T Manager, went into the field and Mr. Monett B. of the business management of the AMER¬ Davis was appointed in his place. ICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL: The first number of the JOURNAL appeared on The report of the Treasurer of the JOURNAL October 1, 1924, and in order to meet the initial for the quarter ended June 30, 1925, indicates expenses of publication a loan of $580.25 was that receipts exceeded disbursements by $686.85, arranged through the courtesy of the officers of and that there is a balance on hand of $1,556.84. the former CONSULAR BULLETIN. This loan was It is apparent that the JOURNAL is in a very sound repaid in full during the December quarter. position and that there is at the present no cause The revenues of the JOURNAL are received from for uneasiness regarding its financial condition. 246 In concluding this report the undersigned de¬ charged their duties in a most efficient and con¬ sires to express on behalf of the Business Man¬ scientious manner, and the Committee feels that agement warm appreciation of the cooperation you would wish it to record your appreciation of received from the Editor and the Treasurer of their labors. the JOURNAL. In so far as the future is concerned, the Com¬ EDWIN C. WILSON, mittee, while naturally desirous of leaving an Business Manager. entirely free hand to the new Executive Commit¬ tee, deems it both appropriate and desirable to REPORT OF EXECUTIVE submit the following observations: Section V of the Articles of the Association COMMITTEE provide for the election of a President and Vice- THE Executive Committee, elected at the President, the election to be effected by a referen¬ meeting held on August 7, 1924, begs to dum vote of the active membership of the Asso¬ submit the following report at this annual ciation, the nominations (not less than two nor meeting of the Association: more than five) for each office to be named by The Committee ventures to express the opinion the Executive Committee. The Committee, mind¬ that the Foreign Service Association is now well ful of its duty in this matter has accorded to it established on a sound and healthy basis, and it full and careful consideration, and it regrets to believes that we may all look forward to the con¬ report that it has found it impracticable to take tinued existence of the Association with a field of the action prescribed in the section to which increasing usefulness. reference has been made. The Committee, in its activities on behalf of While it entertains definite views with respect the Association, has received the cordial and to the utility of the offices of President and Vice- valuable support of the members of the Associa¬ President of the Association, its opinion on this tion and of its other officers and representatives. point has in nowise influenced its course of action. For this the Committee begs to express and to The Committee, and the feeling is unanimous record its very sincere appreciation. The Lunch¬ among its members, does not consider that it can eon Committee, and properly ask any of especially Mr. Wads¬ our Ambassadors, worth, upon whom, presumably the rank during the absence from which nomina¬ from the Department tions for the office of of the Chairman of the President of the the Committee, much Association should of the work incident be selected, to accept to effecting the ar¬ nomination to what rangements for our must be largely, at monthly luncheons least, an honorary has fallen, is entitled position, and to per¬ to our gratitude for mit their names to be the very happy and used in competition successful luncheons one with another for which we have all election to that office. greatly enjoyed. The The Committee feels Secretary and Treas¬ , 1 . that if the offices of urer of the Associa¬ President and Vice- tion, Mr. Cochran, ;3r President are to be the Editor and the retained and are to Business Manager of be filled that some the JOURNAL, Messrs. other method of ef¬ Cole and Wilson, the fecting the selection Treasurer of the of the incumbents JOURNAL, Mr. Reed, should be devised. the Assistant Editors Underwood and Underwood Appreciating fully and Business Man¬ ROBERT EDWIN OLDS the fact that the large r agers have all dis¬ Newly appointed Assistant Secrcta y of State (Continued on p. 286) 247 Financial Statement of the American Foreign Service Association

FOR THE FRACTIONAL FISCAL YEAR FROM SEPTEMBER 1, 1924, TO JUNE 30, 1925

Receipts Disbursements Annual dues from 414 members of the Association luncheons $ 64.00 former American Consular Associa¬ Telegrams 27.86 tion for 1924-25 (this sum represents Clerical assistance 200.00 ten-twelfths of the total amount of the dues so collected, the other two- AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL twelfths having been credited to the subsidy 1,500.00 old Consular Association which func¬ Flowers 91.00 tioned during the two months of July Expenses of Chairman of Executive and August) $1,724.99 Committee to attend funeral of Rep¬ Ninety-six new memberships (1924- resentative John Jacob Rogers 55.59 25) 480.00 Printing, engraving, supplies, postage Nine associate memberships (1924- and framing of photographs 120.90 25) 45.00 Silver pitcher for Secretary Chas. E. Thirty-two advance payments (1925- Hughes ’ 200.00 26) 160.00 $2,259.35

Balance on hand: Cash $ 36.23 Check account (Riggs Bank) 114.41 • 150.64

$2,409.99 $2,409.99 There are no outstanding obligations. H. MERLE COCHRAN, Secretary-Treasurer.

Signed this 30th day of June, 1925, at Washington, D. C. 248 Financial Statement of the American Consular Association

FOR THE FISCAL YEAR FROM JULY 1, 1924, TO JUNE 30, 1925

Receipts Disbursements Balance brought forward $ 563.66 Association luncheons $ 13.75 Savings account (Riggs Bank) 2,099.99 Clerical assistance 45.00 Interest, savings account 63.37 Telegrams 8.97 Annual dues (this sum represents the CONSULAR BULLETIN 450.00 entire amount of all dues received Supplies, postage and framing of prior to September 1, 1924, on which photographs 33.70 date the Foreign Service Association Jack Hickerson 12.80 began to function, and also two- American Foreign Service Association twelfths of all 1924-25 dues and the (this sum represents ten-twelfths of entire amount of all dues for earlier the 1924-25 and the entire amount of years, collected subsequent to Sep¬ 1925-26 dues received by the Con¬ tember 1, 1924, by the Foreign Serv¬ sular Association prior to September ice Association from members of the 1, 1924, from members of that Consular Association) organization) 1,105.84 $1,670.06 Balance on hand: Check account (Riggs Bank) $ 139.45 Savings account (Riggs Bank) 2,163.36 2,302.81

$3,972.87 $3,972.87

There are no outstanding obligations. H. MERLE COCHRAN, Acting Secretary-Treasurer.

Signed this 30th day of June, 1925, at Washington, D. C. 249 r THE^MERICAN OREIGN gERYICE JOURNAL^

Abd El Kerim Submitted by A. W. O. L. IT has been the writer’s good fortune to obtain useful occupations among the tribes. In this way a number of recent and authentic photographs all of the available men are taught to fight and are taken in the Riff country of Morocco dur¬ kept fit. Large underground galleries and com¬ ing the month of April, 1925, among which is partments have been provided for shelter near the a picture of Abd el Kerim, the famous Riffian principal market places in which not only the in¬ leader. These pictures were taken in the course habitants may take shelter but into which the herds of an extended trip. of goats and cattle may also be driven when the The stories that have come from the Riff during bombing planes are hovering around the locality. the last months regarding the organization and Altogether the organization of the Riff seems to the progressive methods introduced by Abd el be quite an astounding phenomenon when consid¬ Kerim seem to be quite accurate. For example, ered in comparison with the general backwardness he has a complete telephone system with a large of the native population in other parts of Morocco. Ericsson switchboard at his headquarters and residence at Agadir. Good roads have been con¬ structed, three automobiles are at his disposal, a GOOD PLACE—OHIO large Renault, a Ford and one other. That he Here is I am Cry? and feel worry all time. manages to keep in touch with the course of March 16, 1925. events in the principal Dear Sir, Gentlemen. My European countries, as dear President. That I well as in the United am drope your sir. This States, is evidenced by the I a few lines if you kindly number of publications in JJjr please use try if you can all languages, the latest to help me out. 1 like to numbers of which are on come back again America. his office table. Abd el There live my brother. Kerim was educated in Spain and speaks several He was married in Ohio languages. It is appar¬ from 1912. He was in ently not common knowl¬ Ohio 18 years. Now edge that he is assisted by please help me. That I his two brothers, both of am desire to stay with my whom have had European brother. He’s home. I education and are said to am is very good man. Ex¬ possess great administra¬ cuse me. See that I am tive ability. One of them when I was little boy. is in command of the Riff Why I am was come in armies. The difficulties of the country from the State from 1901 April 19 standpoint of travel are and stay to since 1915. well shown by the photo¬ August 4. Now since that graphs. time know body let me Among the administra¬ come over any more. Oh tive measures put into dear sweet President. operation in the Riff are Don’t forget me please the general disarmament that I am cry all time be¬ of the population and the cause I like come there. confining of firearms to Dream every night that I the Riffian Army. The am was in Ohio. men serve equal periods in the Army and in cultivat¬ MULAY MOFrAMED ULD SID Oh God Remember me? ing the fields and other ABD EL KERIM EL HATTABI This is my address: . . . 250 A SUCCESSFUL FOREIGN Willis, professor of banking at Columbia Univer¬ sity, at the luncheon of the American Manufac¬ TRADE CONVENTION turers’ Export Association held in connection Abbreviated from a report by the National Foreign with the convention sessions, on “Foreign Loans and Foreign Trade.” Trade Council, New York The Department of State and the Department HE Twelfth National Foreign Trade Con¬ of Commerce sent the largest delegations that T have attended any foreign trade convention. vention was one of the most successful gatherings that have been held since the first The best account of American banking and meeting in Washington, D. C., in 1914. Like its responsibilities in Europe delivered since the predecessor on the Pacific Coast at San Francisco recent settlement in Germany was made by Henry in 1920, the convention at Seattle had the services M. Robinson, president of the First National of a very strong and enthusiastic local committee, Bank of Los Angeles, who made a profoundly led by the inspiration of the Seattle Chamber of interesting address on “American Banking and Commerce which first brought the convention to World Rehabilitation,” while probably the most the Northwest and which was able to organize the widely published speech of the convention and one gathering as a Pacific Coast enterprise and drew of very high merit was delivered by Senator an attendance of over 1,600, including 1,440 Hiram Bingham, of Connecticut, on “Commercial registered delegates from 36 states and something Aviation.” over 70 representatives of foreign countries bor¬ No brief summary can be made of the manifold dering on the Pacific. The program included activities of the convention and none need be made speeches of exceptional interest, both in the gen¬ to the more than 10,000 American business men eral and special sessions, and one of the pleasant who have attended these conventions in the past. surprises of the convention was the way in which The newspapers of the Pacific Coast and the the Chinese and Japanese delegates in particular Northwest displayed the greatest interest in the attracted the bulk of the subject matter of the con¬ delegates on each of the vention, and the press of succeeding days of their Seattle devoted practically group sessions. their entire editions to its This was the first ex¬ discussion, emphasizing perience of the convention the convention slogan, in geographic group ses¬ “Greater Prosperity sions, primarily emphasiz¬ Through Greater Foreign ing the importance of the Trade,” in a manner which countries considered as will not soon be forgotten markets for American throughout the Pacific goods, and all the sessions, Northwest. including those on Mexico, The report of the gen¬ Canada, India, the Philip¬ eral committee of the con¬ pines, and the Dutch East vention, summarizing the Indies and Straits Settle¬ conclusions of the dele¬ ments, were well attended gates on the outstanding and well staffed by com¬ issues dealt with in the petent speakers. proceedings and adopted The high lights of the on the last day of the con¬ convention were Mr. Far¬ vention, reads as follows: rell’s masterful address on The international com¬ “The Foreign Trade Out¬ merce of the United States look,” which drew a tele¬ has grown from forty- gram of congratulation eight to ninety-three mil¬ and encouragement from lion tons in the last decade. President Coolidge; Ad¬ That development fur¬ miral Leigh C. Palmer’s nishes a graphic picture of address on “The Govern¬ the progress made by the ment Fleet,” and the MOORS OF BENI HASSAN TRIBE American people during speech of Dr. H. Parker Third from left is Kaid Ahmed these 10 years in all that 251 pertains to the conduct and expansion of their foreign trade; there has been also a corresponding foreign trade. It demonstrates the constantly increase in the number of foreign traders in the widening acceptance of the fundamental relation¬ United States. It is of prime importance to them, ship between maintained foreign trade and domes¬ and to the international commerce of the nation tic prosperity; this steady improvement in pro¬ generally, that adequate facilities for financing cedure and technique, and the solid expansion of their overseas transactions should be furnished for American facilities for overseas trade. all markets by American financial institutions. An Economic conditions are fundamentally sound encouraging improvement in this direction has in the United States and are improving in other been accomplished. There is need for still further parts of the world, especially in Europe. Pro¬ advance and closer cooperation between bankers duction in increasing, in different degrees in dif¬ and traders. ferent countries, but on the whole in a way that In the flotation in this market of foreign loans, necessarily carries with it increase in consumption. either to governmental or private borrowers, our The general trend is upward. investment bankers have opportunity to be of This progress and this situation supply incen¬ substantial service to American foreign trade. tive for further energy and effort. It is important The present situation calls for the exercise of to stimulate the development of American facil¬ constant care and prudence, lest American capital ities for foreign trade, especially in the factors of be devoted to uses detrimental rather than helpful transportation, communication and finance. to American enterprise. Foreign loans should be The Twelfth National Foreign Trade Conven¬ arranged with due regard to promoting industry tion meeting in Seattle on the Pacific Coast re¬ in this country and furnishing occupation for our affirms the definite conclusions reached by the people. It is of the utmost importance that our Eleventh National Foreign Trade Convention held investment bankers, when negotiating foreign in Boston on the Atlantic Coast on the subject of loans, should have regard to the furtherance of American facilities for ocean transportation, sub¬ American trade, and they should, as far as prac¬ stantially as follows: ticable, provide for the expenditure of the pro¬ The development and maintenance of a mer¬ ceeds in this country. In such cordial and close chant marine under the American flag, privately cooperation with American industry lies the great¬ owned and operated, is essential to both our com¬ est possibility for lasting service to all our people. merce and our national defense. The chief Communication is no less essential to the main¬ agency for the accomplishment of this purpose is tenance and expansion of foreign trade than the support of American ships by American finance. Prompt and efficient service, by cable importers and exporters. and wireless, through American systems, is requi¬ Not only has there been, in recent years, a site to the full measure of success of our foreign gratifying increase in the value and volume of our trade. Such communication also renders a world as well as a national serv¬ ice through prompt and full transmission of news dispatches, promoting in¬ ternational understanding and aiding to prevent misinformation. It is of particular importance to the maintenance of friendly relations with other nations that Amer¬ ican systems of commu¬ nication should be main¬ tained with full and prompt service. The position taken by our government on this ques¬ tion is distinctly encour¬ aging and merits the sup¬ EMTAR port of our people. On the coast between Adjdir and Alhuscmas Despite the great value 252 of the American market to other countries, and A certain consular representative in Valetta the equal treatment, free from discrimination was included in the morning rounds of the which they enjoy here, discriminations are multi¬ milkman. plied in certain markets against American prod¬ One day a dispute broke out between the ucts. The entry enjoyed here by other countries Consul’s servant and the usual goatherd (ac¬ should be so regulated as to deal effectively and companied on this occasion by a single goat), permanently with this injustice. the servant maintaining that two shillings was Normal development of international commerce the proper sum owed for a number of unre¬ depends upon normal flow of credit, which is corded visits, while the goatherd insisted on three hampered while currencies remain unstable. The shillings. most definite step taken toward stabilization of The Consul, upon hearing the sound of raised exchange has been the restoration of the gold voices, descended to his front door and listened standard in Great Britain, facilitated by American absent-mindedly. cooperation. This tends to encourage the stabil¬ In the hand which rested on his hip he held a ization of other currencies and the constructive crisp pound-note with the purpose of settling the action is commendable. score when he should have made a decision in The assurance of the State Department of its regard to the merits of the claim. settled policy of support of legitimate American Suddenly he felt the paper gently leaving his enterprise abroad is gratifying. That declaration hand, and turned in time to see the end of it pro¬ encourages the hope that effective steps may soon truding from the mouth of the goat. be taken to obtain release from some of the hin¬ The herdsman sprang forward, but all to no drances to which attention has been called. purpose; with a final gulp the legal tender dis¬ The Sixth National Foreign Trade Convention appeared forever from the view of mankind! It held in Chicago in 1919 stressed the advantages of was clear that the goat valued her services at a commercial aviation. Since then many other na¬ far higher figure than the paltry sum of three tions have made substantial progress in that line. shillings. The United States, which has developed a most The herdsman still insisted upon payment. efficient air-mail service, is still regrettably back¬ “Nonsense!” said the Consul. “You cannot be ward in commercial use of the airplane and the regarded as a principal in this transaction. Didn’t dirigible. This agency of improved communica¬ your goat supply me with milk? And haven’t I tion is worthy of greatly extended employment. paid the goat?” There are many reasons for confidence in the “To be sure you did,” retorted the herdsman ; future of American foreign trade. World pro¬ “but who is to pay me, I’d like to know?” duction is increasing, which means more buying “That doesn’t concern me,” said the Consul power and more trade. International trade grows tersely. “Settle that with your goat!” as the world grows, and we may reasonably count upon our share.

In Re: GOATS (Attention: Solicitor’s Office, Bureau of Accounts and the Comptroller General) The customary method of delivering milk in the Maltese Islands is for the goatherd to drive one or more animals to the doors of the houses of the residents, the milking taking place on the side¬ MASTACA walk. A typical village in the Riff country 253 Japan Fifty-f ive Years Ago

By CHARLES O. SHEPARD First American Consul at Yedo (now Tokyo), Consul at Yokohama and Acting Minister (Charge d’Affaires) in Japan successfully from 1868 to 1874

[Reprinted from “Japan,” San Francisco] (Continued from the July number) THE evening before I sailed from San Fran¬ am sorry for the country you are going from.” cisco on a wooden side-wheel steamer—30 Whew! But this was a facer! It nearly took days to Yokohama—I attended a large din¬ my breath away and I was impotent to respond. ner given by the San Francisco bar to the out¬ He saw my plumage droop and made haste to going Minister to Japan. I located my card and add: seat and observed on the next plate to mine the “I did not intend to be as rude as the statement name of Judge Sawyer. sounds, and I beg your pardon. The fact is that After seating ourselves, this gentleman, whom the Consuls in China and Japan are very impor¬ I found to be a man beyond middle age, made an tant officers. They hold every court known to the amiable observation to me and our conversation United States laws and may be called upon in a continued. limited way to try every case in the calendar, civil After half an hour or more of pleasant speech and criminal. 1 am judge of the United States he remarked, glancing at my card, “So you are Court for California and am therefore appellate going to Japan as Consul?” judge. I have had trying experiences with them With much complacency I replied in the affirm¬ because of their ignorance of law. They make ative. asinine decisions and write foolish opinions. “Are you a lawyer?” came quickly. What state are you from, Mr. Shepard ?” With the satisfaction of letting him know that By this time the barometer of my vanity had I did not consider lawyers “the whole thing,” I sunk to about zero, and I modestly replied, “New answered “No,” rather pertly. York.” “Well,” he ejaculated, “I am sorry for you. I “That is my native state,” he observed. “What am sorry for the country you are going to, and I part of New York?”

The author (in the center) and the first section of his guard in front of the Legation at Zempi-ku-ji, Tokyo 2S4 “The western part, Wyoming County,” I re¬ from beginning to end; ponder them well, and, plied. when you have come to a conclusion as to the “Wyoming County! Are you anything to C. O. right and wrong, commence your conclusion in¬ Shepard of Arcade?” variably with these words: ‘The judgment of this Still meekly inclined, I answered: “Merely his court is, etc.’ only son.” “Do not ever, under any pretext, urging, “Why, if you are his only son, I used to carry cajoling, or provocation, give a reason for your you through the snowdrifts, on my back, to school! judgment. Never write an opinion. If you do, Your father was kinder to me than any other the lawyers will tear you to pieces. If you do human being. He helped me to my education, and not, and if you have your father’s acumen, you when I had not a dollar he allowed me to live for will probably come to a correct decision. When three winters on one of his farms, attend the you begin quoting law, you are swamped. You academy, and do chores for my board. I owe him furnish the equity, and I will furnish the law! a debt I can never repay. Now we have something Will you, in memory of your father, make me the to go upon. How is the dear man ?” promise ?” “Dead these five years,” I answered. We were both pretty mellow by this time. I His head sank upon his bosom, and he winked gave the assurance and sealed it with a hearty rapidly. handshake. Presently he raised his swimming eyes to the Bless Judge Sawyer!—a memory now. ceiling (he was meek now) and said softly, “Per¬ I heard innumerable cases of every nature, and haps I have an opportunity to repay a modicum of adhered verbatim et literatim to his injunction his kindness through his son. I can give you through my career as Consul. advice, my boy—for I was not much more, only An attorney once asked me rather impertinently 29—that will be of much service to you in your under what statute I was proceeding. I replied, new position. You look very young for such an “Mr. Hill, I am here to ask questions, not to appointment and young fellows do not really take answer them. You have your appeal.” kindly to advice; but follow mine literally, and Seductive argument never got from me a reason before you are many moons older, you will have for a judgment. reason to thank me for it. You will find clever Many times I had occasion to be thankful for lawyers in Japan; both American and English, and Judge Sawyer’s admonition. But one case was they will practice before you. ever appealed from me to him, and in that case “Now, listen: he sustained my findings. “Hear patiently the cases that come before you, I saw him in San Francisco two or three years

Courtesy of "Japan’* The second section of the Legation guard. Entrance to the temple at the left. The Legation is at the right 255 afterwards, when I was on leave, and, in speaking of the law of “demand and supply,” proceeded to of that one case, he said: furnish the “supply” but forgot to put into the “Your conclusion was correct, and I could sus¬ coin the former amount of gold. Hence the dis¬ tain you; but I have no doubt your law, or your appointing returns. The merchants lost, in the opinion, if you had written one, would have been last analysis, more than they had gained. execrable.” Mr. J- W , of W , H & Co.. Happily the majority of Americans are blessed rushed in consternation to the Legation (I was with a keen sense of humor, and 1 therefore ven¬ then Charge d’Affaires) and demanded that I put ture to cpiote a few happenings of an amusing in a claim for his loss. In vain I pointed out to nature. him that his purchase of nee-boos was a specula¬ tion, like his purchase of tea or silk; that the only The Consular Courts of Japan and China were exchange money recognized by the treaties was unique, unique in character and in procedure. dollars. He, however, pressed his demand with Few of us were lawyers. Like the darky court of great heat. I finally said: reconstruction days, “There wasn’t much law, but “Mr. W , I will not make your claim, but a heap of justice.” The statutes were given a very this I will do. You speak Japanese. I will make wide translation. The code of procedure may an appointment with the Minister of Finance; have been a little short in weight, hut I en¬ will introduce you and let you plead your own deavored, in my court, to deal out equity in chunks case.” He finally agreed, because he could do of 20 ounces to the pound. All I did or could do nothing else. At the interview the Minister lis¬ was to try to get at the right. tened with patience and asked many pertinent If a man was charged with larceny, and the questions. At the conclusion he turned to me testimony showed a clear case of bigamy, of and said: bigamy he was convicted. “Mr. Minister, if you This may be a slight ex¬ will give me a written aggeration, but the germ assurance that your Gov¬ of truth is there. ernment would pay a jjc sfc ^ like claim under like cir¬ cumstances, 1 will pay.” The treaties provided As clever a bit of diplo¬ that all transactions be¬ macy as I ever knew. tween foreigners and I smiled. That was Japanese must be in dol¬ all, but the smile was lars—American or Mex¬ properly interpreted. ican (why Mexican I Mr. W , in his in¬ could never ascertain). dignation, came near to The Japanese “nee- rudeness and plainly in¬ boo” was a square coin, timated that a “higher containing an intrinsic authority” would be in¬ value much above the voked ; adding something nominal estimate. This about my youth and in¬ came to the knowledge experience. I will add of the foreign merchants that I never heard a word and they began to pick upon the subject from up nee-boos wherever “higher authority.” found. The English sent theirs to Hongkong for 3|C recoinage, and the Amer¬ Silk, and necessarily icans to San Francisco. the raising of silkworms, The returns were emi¬ is a great industry in nently satisfactory and Japan. Mulberry trees, the demand increased. the leaves of which the Later shipments, how¬ silkworms feed upon, ever, proved very dis¬ abound. Italy, also, is appointing. It turned Courtesy of “Japan” prolific of mulberry trees, out that some clever The author in 1874 with the physician to the and there too the worms

Japanese, having heard Tycoon (Continued on page 274) 256 Uruguay and Montevideo

By MYRON A. HOFER, Diplomatic Secretary, Montevideo ALTHOUGH Buenos Aires is known to obtain a corner in which to lay their weary throughout the world as the Queen City heads in an endeavor to escape the oppressive heat of the “Rio del Plata,” the Paris of South of Buenos Aires and Rio de Janeiro. America, etc., few people seem to realize that But Montevideo is not entirely a summer capi¬ almost directly across the above-mentioned river tal, for when the tourists have returned to their in the little oriental republic of Uruguay the city respective countries and the fresh summer breezes of Montevideo—“I see a mountain”-—with its become cold winter winds, the shipping from all solitary hill rising some 800 feet above an other¬ over the world first pays its respect to Montevideo wise flat coast line guards the entrance to the river and leaves part of its cargo before proceeding up and looks down upon the shipping destined for the “Rio del Plata.” The Uruguayans then return the Argentine and bids it pay its respects first to from their summer “quintas” or chalets along the Uruguay before continuing to Buenos Aires. The beaches and open up their city houses, and while fresh sea breezes which blow from the South Pole Montevideo no longer retains its international during the hot summer months—December, Janu¬ appearance it becomes the center and the life of ary and February—together with the beautiful Uruguay and the Uruguayans. long sandy beaches where automobiles can run Montevideo, with its 450,000 inhabitants, is the along the edge of the ocean for miles at a stretch heart—in fact, one might include all the vital and where thousands bathe in the cool salt water organs—of Uruguay; the next largest city in the of the South Atlantic, make Montevideo for the republic having only slightly over 25,000 inhabi¬ summer at least the most desirable abode on the tants. It is also a very up-to-date city with east coast of South America. During the summer modern stone buildings and wide business streets months the two magnificent government-owned which, due to the ever-increasing number of auto¬ hotels, as well as the other private-owned hotels, mobiles, are now all “one-way streets.” The new are the scenes of many attractive fetes and the post-office building which is nearing completion rich Argentines and Brazilians often strive in vain and the new Jockey Club, as well as a new hotel

Photo from M. A. Hofer MONTEVIDEO AND ITS HARBOR The mountain from which Montevideo derives its name is in the distance 257 facing the “Plaza Independence” which has every comfort except central heating, but totally already reached a height of 18 out of its 26 stories lacking in atmosphere or charm. Practically all and which will soon be the highest skyscraper in of these houses are built side by side on the street South America, are excellent examples of the pro¬ with no gardens, unless it is possibly a small in¬ gressiveness and building activity in the “down¬ visible kitchen garden in the rear. The archi¬ town” section of the city. tecture which still retains some of its Spanish The residential sections may be roughly divided characteristics now has added to it a mixture of into two distinct centers, the one surrounding the Swiss, South German or Tyrolese elements which, “Prado,” Montevideo’s most beautiful park, and blended with its barren setting, assumes a purely the other along the beach at Pocitos. Each section local and distinctive appearance. The beach along is so totally different in character and style of which these houses are built and the lack of trees architecture from the other that it is hard to makes them appear very bleak in winter, but realize that they are parts of the same country, let during the summer months the fresh salt air of alone the same city. Surrounding the “Prado” the ocean is indeed a compensation and attraction one finds large antiquated stone houses of 50 years which cannot be disregarded. ago set back from the streets in charming flower Most of the “Orientals,” the name by which the and fruit gardens and surrounded by huge palms Uruguayans are popularly known by their South which protect their owners from the hot summer American neighbors, are of Spanish and Italian sun or cold winter winds. However, the lack of descent, although in many cases an English, Ger¬ central heating and modern bathing facilities make man or Scandinavian strain has been added. As a these huge structures more picturesque than liv¬ whole they are physically a very attractive race able. One finds that if one desires to live in that and the Uruguayan women are particularly noted section, where certain of the older families pride for their beauty. It is a common saying through¬ themselves that they have kept aloof from the out South America that, while the Argentines are more progressive outside world, it would be neces¬ noted for their “chicness,” the Uruguayans need sary to do over each house from top to bottom. only their natural beauty to distinguish them from In Pocitos, however, one finds much smaller but their contemporaries. The men, too, are in many very modern and up-to-date houses, containing instances fine specimens of physical humanity and are, as a whole, good athletes. A splendid rowing season in winter exactly like the Metropolitan club, several tennis and golf clubs and numerous Opera House in New York, while famous singers association football fields do much to encourage from all over the world are engaged to give music sport and keep the younger men in physical trim. lovers an opportunity to hear the best that the In this connection it will be remembered that the world affords. The other theaters, however, are little “Oriental Republic of Uruguay” with her less comprehensive in their productions, and it is 1,500,000 inhabitants won the International Foot¬ only occasionally that one has an opportunity to ball Championship at the Olympic Games in Paris see other than Spanish musical comedies or native last summer. A very up-to-date race course, some plays.

THE“TABLADA” Scene near Montevideo zvhere the cattle and sheep are sold

15 kilometers outside the city, holds weekly meet¬ With the exception of a few woolen and textile ings throughout the year, and the open champion¬ mills, furniture, glass, cigarette, and shoe fac¬ ship races for all of the South American republics tories, paper mills and machine shops, Uruguay is attract huge crowds of horse lovers to Montevideo not a manufacturing country and practically all every summer. Polo, too, is coming into its own, manufactured articles have to be imported. Min¬ and within the next year or so Uruguay bids fair ing has not been developed to any great extent, to take a lead among her South American rivals although the country contains several large marble in this sport. and very fine agate deposits—the roads outside of The Solis or National Theater has its opera (Continued on page 285)

Mr. Hofer is the third from the left 259 Phoenician Tombs at Cadiz

By JANE SWANSON SILVERS, Cadis

AFTER reading of the excavations which few human bones with those personal relics which are bringing to light so many new and the ancients were accustomed to bury with their interesting things concerning the life of dead. The archaeologists who came to study the ancient days in Egypt and Mexico and the United discoveries found that they were tombs which the States, one looks about to see if there is not some¬ Phoenicians had built, probably in the fifth or thing close at hand, wherever it happens to be, sixth century before Christ and which, during the which will put one, too, in touch with antiquity. ages, had been covered over and lost sight of. It may be in Cadiz, and the desire will he fulfilled, The excavations were then carried on in a more albeit in a meager way. There are no royal treas¬ scientific manner, and from time to time, when ures to be’ marveled at, but near this somnolent, there have been funds available for the purpose, white-washed town, which legend calls the oldest further investigations have been made, largely by city in western Europe, one finds a faint trace of the well-known Gaditano student of history and the first settlers from the East in the Phoenician lover of art, Don Pelayo Quintero. tombs. Scrambling down the bluff, facing a sandy open Beyond the fortified walls of the town, across space where today’s sons of Cadiz play that in¬ the two moats now dry and grass-grown and filled creasingly popular foreign game of football, one with chickens, goats and small boys playing foot¬ finds a little white-washed lodge, the home of the ball, is a pretty suburb on a bluff, where sub¬ guardian of the tombs, whose greeting is most tropical gardens surround the houses which look cordial. He is a friendly, chatty old man, proud out over the hay. About 40 years ago the earth of having served his best years in the Civil Guard, at the edge of the bluff was cleared away to make proud of his son who i&.tiow a sergeant, proud of room for a maritime exposition, and the excava¬ his own present position as keeper of the most tions brought to view some strange, regularly interesting historical spot in this Gadir, Gadeira, arranged blocks of searock. When they were Gades, Cadiz—perhaps the only city in Europe examined they proved to he tombs, containing a which, from its earliest founding more than 3,000

Photo from ./. S. Silvers PHOENICIAN TOMBS AT CADIZ 260 years ago, has continued through all the vicissi¬ mandible, there has been nothing but the stones tudes of time to bear one name. He has lived in themselves left at the tombs. In the keeper’s the shadow of the ancient tombs for 10 years, and little house there is a cabinet about 2 feet square, he tells of the work and study there of Don Pelayo with two shelves not more than 4 inches deep. with an intimacy and camaradie which have given Here a few of the artefacts which were found him a feeling of coworker with the student. It is have been kept, but there is nothing of great with personal, proprietary pleasure that he shows interest—lachrymal vases, some small bowls and his tiny, picturesque, historical domain. jars made of reddish clay, a few plain gold rings, The while he is discoursing voluably on subjects and some indeterminate little objects in bronze, relevant and irrelevant, the old keeper leads the green with age. way through an adjoining gate, whose arch is The most interesting things found in the tombs covered with trailing green vines, and up a flight have been taken into Cadiz and placed in an of narrow stone steps, to a small tree-shaded, archaeological museum, housed in the public grass-grown plot of ground, where flowers bloom library. Here, unfortunately, they have not been in the springtime. Along one side, and with the given the care in arrangement and classification back ends still concealed in the hill which once which they merit, and it is left to the curious to covered them over, appear the first of the tombs. (Continued on page 280) There are eight in this first group, one next to another, and some of them communicating with each other. They are 6 or 7 feet long, with an opening about 3 feet square, and are built of great slabs of searock, set together without any kind of mortar. The single large stones which sealed the front of each one have been taken away, and these are piled up together near by. In some of them a few bones have been left, perhaps to give a real¬ istic touch. Next to this group is one tomb, re¬ cessed ; then three more, a little larger, and built on a line with the first group. Climbing up over these tombs one comes upon a smaller one, the burial place of a child, on a little higher level. With the exception of some broken fragments of pottery, a few bones lying in one or two of the tombs, and a box containing a motley col¬ lection of humeri, radii, ulnae, tibiae, and fibu¬ Photo from J. S. Silvers lae, with an occasional PHOENICIAN STONE SARCOPHAGUS sternum, occipital, and Dated from Ca. 500 B. C. 261 THE VILLAGE CONSUL By CHARLES E. ALLEN, Constantinople Under the floating Stars and Stripes The U. S. Consul sits— The Consul, the man of trade is he— And grinds to get the fits PUBLISHED MONTHLY BY AMERICAN FOREIGN That the files may show each gain, each loss, SERVICE ASSOCIATION, WASHINGTON, D. C. From Rezht to Biarritz. The American Foreign Service Journal is published monthly by the American Foreign Service Association, and is distributed by the Association to its members gratis. The Journal is also open to private subscription in the United States and abroad His hair is sparse and grey and mussed; at the rate of $4.00 a year, or 35 cents a copy, payable to the American Foreign Service Journal, care Department of State, His face is lined and sad; Washington, D. C. His brow is wrinkled, like his coat, The purposes of the Journal are (1) to serve as an exchange among American Foreign Service officers for personal neuxs and As he fronts his writing-pad for information and opinions respecting the proper discharge of their functions, and to keep them in touch with business and And his mind amoeba-like folds ’round administrative developments which are of moment to them; and The figures he must add. (t) to disseminate information respecting the work of the Foreign Service among interested persons in the United States, including business men and others having interests abroad, and young men who may be considering the Foreign Service as a Day in, day out, from nine till—when? career. Propaganda and articles of a tendentious nature, especially You can hear his pencil glide; such as might be aimed to influence legislative, executive or You can hear the Underwood click forth administrative action with respect to the Foreign Service, or the Department of State, are rigidly excluded from its columns. The pages long and wide; Contributions should be addressed to the American Foreign Service Journal, care Department of State, Washington, D. C. As clerk and Consul pound reports Copyright, 1925, by the American Foreign Service Association Till stopped by eventide.

CONTENTS He goes of evenings to the club PAGE And sits among the crowd; MINUTES OF THE FOREIGN SERVICE ASSO¬ He hears them tell their old, old jokes CIATION ANNUAL MEETING 245 And laughs at each full loud; REPORT OF THE BUSINESS MANAGER OF THE He must promote good feeling, though JOURNAL 246 The jokes suggest a shroud. REPORT OF THE EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE. ... 247 FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF THE FOREIGN They bring to mind old Adam’s jokes, SERVICE ASSOCIATION 248 That were old in Paradise; FINANCIAL STATEMENT OF THE CONSULAR And his thoughts slip out and back to work ASSOCIATION 249 And dwell on deals in rice, ABD EL KERIM 250 The market for soap and licorice root, A SUCCESSFUL FOREIGN TRADE CONVENTION . 251 Bridal veils, and spice. JAPAN FIFTY-FIVE YEARS AGO—By Charles O. Shepard 254 Drafting, redrafting, correcting URUGUAY AND MONTEVIDEO—By Myron A. Through life the Consul goes; Hofer 257 A new report must be begun PHOENICIAN TOMBS AT CADIZ—By Jane Swanson Silvers 260 Upon each last one’s close; Till the Reaper Grim or sixty-five THE VILLAGE CONSUL—Poem—By C. E. Bring him an earned repose. Allen 262 SERVICE CHANGES 267 MARRIAGES 269 BIRTHS 269 A Consulate General recently received a NECROLOGY 270 pathetic appeal from a resident in the North PAPER MONEY 273 saying, “I am an American subject in pecuniary BIRTHPLACE OF CHAMPLAIN—By IV. H. McKinney 273 circumstances on account I ain't had no work. THE SERVICE 276 Can you advise me what to do?”—From H. S. MIDSEASON IN THE PENNANT RACES 282 Tcwell, Vancouver. 262 ITEMS

MINISTER Charles C. Eberhardt was the volumes on Business Administration, published guest of honor at an informal supper on by A. W. Shaw Company, Chicago. the evening of July 7 at the Department of State camp on the Potomac. The Fourth of July celebration at Paris was combined with the house warming of the new Minister Fred Morris Dearing, Portugal, is American Embassy. spending his vacation at Red Hook, Dutchess County, N. Y. Vice Consul A. H. Cawston, Johannesburg, who recently resigned from the Service, called at Mr. George L. Kreeck, newly appointed Minis¬ the Department. ter to Paraguay, sailed for Ascuncion on June 20. Consul John J. C. Watson, Barbados, is spend¬ Consul General Thomas Sammons has pre¬ ing his leave in Washington and Yarmouth, Nova sented to the Foreign Service School seven Scotia.

THE STAFF AT ANTWERP Front row: D. W. Fisher, H. S. Fullerton, G. S. Messersmith, H. T. Sherman, J. F. Harrington 263 Dawson. Second row: Harvey Gerry, Gustavus G. Reiniger, Angus I. Ward, Franklin B. Frost, Julius C. Holmes, David Wil¬ First row, left to right: Durward Grinstead, Mr. Totten, Hugh Wilson, Wright, Grew, Carr, Hengstler, David McKendree Key, Stanley Woodward, Charles Henry Coster, Clayson W. Aldridge, Royal R. Jordan, J. Hall Paxton liamson, Selden Chapin, Robert C. Rasche, Miss Pattie Field. Third row: James E. McKenna, L. Buell, Allan D. Dawson,

264 Miss Lucille Atcherson, appointed Secretary of Bading, Quito, called at the Department while on the Legation at Berne, sailed for her post on leave. July 4. Miss Atcherson contemplates motoring from Cherbourg to Berne. Vice Consul Joseph P. Ragland, Monterey, is visiting relatives in Consul General Roger Washington. C. Tredwell spent a por¬ tion of his leave in Mr. David Issa, dra¬ Washington before pro¬ goman at Bagdad, called ceeding to his new post at the Department. at Hongkong. Consul Jack D. Hick- Foreign Service Officer erson has proceeded to Julius C. Holmes under¬ his new post at Ottawa. went an operation for appendicitis at the Naval Consul Fred C. Slater, Hospital in Washington. Sarnia, called at the De¬ Mr. Holmes expects to partment before proceed¬ resume his duties in the ing to his home at To¬ Department within a peka, Ivans., on leave. week or two. The Department is Consul Frank C. Lee erecting a monument to has been assigned for the memory of Consul duty in the Department Thomas Prentiss, who and detailed to the Office lost his life at Marti¬ of Foreign Personnel. nique, French West In¬ dies, during the eruption On July 6. 1925, Con¬ of the volcano, Mont sul John D. Johnson was Pelee. the recipient of a basket of flowers from Mr. Diplomatic Secretary Hengstler, Chief of the Stokelev W. Morgan has Division of Foreign been detailed for duty Service Administration, in the Division of Latin and an autographed pho¬ American Affairs, tak¬ tograph album from all ing over the work for¬ the members of the Divi¬ merly carried on by Dr. sion, on the occasion of Dana G. Munro. the twentieth anniversary of his service in the Vice Consul David Department. Donaldson, Hamilton, Ontario, took the For¬ Vice Consul Alexan¬ eign Service examination der P. Cruger, Messina, on July 6. called at the Department en route to California, Diplomatic Secretary where he plans spending Joseph Flack called at his leave. the Department before departing for his new Consul Frank W. post at Vienna. Mahin, retired, has taken an apartment in Wash¬ Consul Alexander K. ington for a year. Sloan called at the De¬ PETER AUGUSTUS JAY partment en route to his Minister Gerhard A. Newly appointed Ambassador to the Argentine new post at Maracaibo. 265 Consul Emil Sauer, Sherbrooke, was a recent tary Commission; Major John G. Quekemeyer, caller at the Department. Secretary to the American Delegation Plebiscitary Commission; Mr. Benedict M. English, Disburs¬ Consul George Orr sailed for his new post at ing Officer ad interim; Mr. William Butler Dun¬ Paris on July 8. can, junior, attache, American Delegation Ple¬ biscitary Commission. Consul General Carlton Bailey Hurst is spend¬ ing his leave at Charlottesville, N. Y. It is very likely that additional personnel, such as American members of the registration and election boards, will join the Commission after Consul Ilo C. Funk sailed for Catania on July 8. the arrival of the first members at Arica. General Pershing and the members of the Com¬ Vice Consul William E. Beitz, Hamburg, mission expect to depart for Arica within the returned to his post on July 9. next few days. Consul G. Russell Taggart, London, Ontario, visited the Department while on leave. On Decoration day, May 30, 1925, Mr. Myron A. Hofer, American Charge d’Aflfaires, Monte¬ Vice Consul Clay Merrell, Hamilton, Bermuda, video, Uruguay, with the attendance of the Amer¬ is entering the Army and Navy Hospital, Hot ican colony, placed a wreath on the grave of Cap¬ Springs, Ark., for treatment. tain W. H. Smyly, former American Consul in the Falkland Islands, who died and was buried General John J. Pershing, U. S. A., president in Montevideo on February 11, 1865. This serv¬ of the American Delegation of the Plebiscitary ice was symbolic of the respects of the American Commission provided by the award of President colony of Uruguay for the 39 American pioneers Coolidge in the Tacna-Arica arbitration, will be —American Consuls, naval officers and men. sol¬ accompanied by the following personnel: diers, merchant ship captains and seamen, and Colonel Jay J. Morrow, ex-Governor of the others—who left their country to aid in extend¬ Panama Canal Zone, American Commissioner on ing American commerce and ideals and who re¬ the special commission on boundaries Tacna- mained forever to occupy foreign graves. Arica arbitration; Mr. William C. Dennis, Gen¬ eral Legal Adviser to the American Commission¬ Herbert Ward, a Government employe, is the ers ; Colonel Edward A. Kreger, Legal Adviser to center of a controversy in the office of the Comp¬ the American Delegation Plebiscitary Commis¬ troller General which involves the question as to sion; Dr. Harold W. Dodds, Technical Adviser whether or not the Government should pay Ward to the American Delegation Plebiscitary Com¬ $1.50 for a lunch when he was on a trip for the mission ; Diplomatic Secretary Raymond E. Cox, Department of Agriculture in 1924. The matter Secretary to the American Delegation Plebisci¬ may now go to the Supreme Court and bids fair to be one of the most cele¬ brated battles ever fought over $1.50. The decision is of importance to any Gov¬ ernment employe.

The State, War and Navy building may become simply the State building. The Navy Department moved out of the historic edifice during the World War. Now it is proposed to transfer the War Department to the Muni¬ tions building at Nineteenth and B streets northwest. No definite action has been taken on the proposal and officials profess to know lit¬ CONSULATE AT LOURENCO MARQUES tle or nothing about it. How- 266 ever, it has been recommended by an official sur¬ United States Shipping Commissioner, Port of vey and seems, in the opinion of officials studying Philadelphia; Mr. P. E. D. Nagle, Assistant the housing of government departments, to be Chief of the Bureau of Transportation, Depart¬ the only solution of problems facing the State ment of Commerce; Mr. U. J. Gendron, Mana¬ and War Departments with regard to congestion. ger, Contract Division, Fleet Corporation; Mr. F. G. Frieser, Traffic Manager of the Fleet Cor- The following is a quotation from a letter dated portation. June 16, 1925, from Mr. Winthrop L. Marvin, The Baltic States and Russia: Mr. Evan E. vice-president and general manager of the Amer¬ Young. ican Steamship Owners’ Association: Shipping and Related Topics: Mr. Harry C. “We deeply appreciate the constructive work Hawkins; Mr. J. Klahr Huddle. which the Department has done and is doing for Regulations and Circular Instructions: Mr. the encouragement of American steamship serv¬ Felix Cole; Mr. F. Lammot Belin. ices. Consular reports received by us are dis¬ Relations and Cooperation between Military tributed among our member companies and are Attaches and Foreign Service Officers: Major increasingly welcome.” Sherman Miles, U. S. A. Marine Insurance: Mr. James Mrs. Edith Nourse Rogers, L. Madden, Manager, Insur¬ widow of Congressman John ance Department, United States Jacob Rogers, who died last Chamber of Commerce. March, was overwhelmingly American Participation in elected to Congress at a recent World Insurance : Mr. James special election in the Fifth Dis¬ L. Madden. trict of Massachusetts. She is Use of English in Diplomatic the first woman to sit in the Correspondence: Mr. J. Theo¬ House from Massachusetts. dore Marriner. The Department of Com¬ Estates : Mr. Glenn A. Smith. merce has established an office The Liquor Treaties and Pro¬ at Sydney, New South Wales. hibition Enforcement: Mr. William R. Vallance. Vice Consul George H. Bar¬ Canada: Mr. Irving Linnell. ringer, St. Johns, Newfound¬ The International Joint Com¬ land, has recovered from a re¬ mission: Mr. Green H. Hack- cent illness. worth. Allowances and Estimates: Vice Consul Knox Alexander Mr. John D. Johnson. has been ill while in the United States. Miscellaneous Phases of Con¬ sular Administration: Mr. Consul General Joseph I. MR. NORTON AND CON¬ Harvey B. Otterman. Brittain, retired, has been in a SUL ADAMS AT MALTA hospital at Asheville, N. C., for a slight dental operation. SERVICE CHANGES Diplomatic Branch The regular Foreign Service Luncheon was held on Thursday, June 25, at Rauscher’s. The Frank D. Arnold, Diplomatic Secretary, now speaker was Mr. Oulahan, Washington corre¬ unassigned, resigned effective June 20, 1925. spondent of the New York Times. Harold M. Deane, Third Secretary at San Jose, appointed a Consul and detailed to the Consulate- General at Valparaiso. The Foreign Service School has given the fol¬ lowing lecture courses: Consular Branch Shipping and Related Topics: Mr. John Nich¬ William E. Chapman, now assigned Consul olson, Bureau of Law, United States Shipping Mazsatlan, assigned Consul Sault Ste. Marie. Board; Dr. John H. Linson, Surgeon, United Elliot B. Coulter, Consul detailed to London, States Public Health Service; Mr. W. C. Smith, resigned, effective July 1, 1925. 267 Louis G. Dreyfus, now assigned Consul Dres¬ promoted to Foreign Service Officer, Unclassified, den, detailed as Foreign Service Inspector. $3,000. William P. Garrety, now assigned Consul at George R. Paschal, Foreign Service Officer Puerto Cabello, assigned Consul Prescott. assigned to Peking for language study, commis¬ Samuel E. Green, 3d, now assigned Vice Con¬ sioned a Vice Consul and assigned Vice Consul sul Prescott, assigned Vice Consul at Sofia. at Chungking. Claude E. Guyant, now assigned Consul at Cal- Edward E. Silvers, now assigned Vice Consul lao-Lima, assigned Consul at Nottingham. at Seville, assigned Vice Consul at Oporto tem¬ Arminius T. Haeberle, now assigned Consul at porarily. Sao Paulo, assigned Consul at Dresden. Robert L. Smyth, now assigned Vice Consul Jack D. Hickerson, now assigned Consul at at Chungking, assigned Vice Consul at Tientsin. Para, detailed to Ottawa. Roger C. Tredwell, Foreign Service Officer, George D. Hopper, now assigned Consul at detailed as Inspector, assigned Consul-General Dunkirk, assigned Consul Antofagasta. at Hongkong. Frank C. Lee, now assigned Consul at Brad¬ Henry T. Wilcox, Consul at Vigo, Spain, died ford. detailed to the Department. at his post June 22, 1925. Samuel T. Lee, now assigned Consul at Not¬ tingham, detailed as Foreign Service Inspector. James E. McKenna, newly appointed Consul, detailed to Antwerp. NON-CAREER SERVICE Walter H. McKinney, Consul now detailed to William McK. Bingham, Consular Agent at Bordeaux, assigned Consul at Vigo. Peterborough. Services have terminated due to Raphael A. Manning, Vice Consul at Monte¬ closing of Agency. video, resigned effective June 2, 1925. James E. Callahan, clerk London, appointed William F. Nason, Vice Consul at Mukden, Vice Consul there.

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Warehouses at

Antwerp, Belgium Callao, Peru Santiago, Chile Bombay, India Cape Town, South Africa Sao Paulo, Brazil Buenos Aires, Argentine Republic San Francisco, California Talcahuano, Chile Calcutta, India Valparaiso, Chile

268 John L. Calnan, clerk at Prague, transferred to Welles were married recently, as announced by be Vice Consul and clerk at Belgrade. the bride’s aunt, Mrs. C. H. Strong, of Erie, Henry W. Carey, of Spain, Consular Agent Pa. at Alicante, died July 3, 1925. William D. Maxwell, clerk at Guaymas, ap¬ pointed Vice Consul there. Young-White. Miss Ruth Edith Young, of J. M. Mitchell, Consular Agent at San Pedro Columbus, Ohio, to Mr. Howard H. White, clerk, Sula, resigned June 25, 1925. American Consulate, Plymouth, England, were Augustus Ostertag, Vice Consul and clerk at married on May 31, 1925, at Plymouth. La Paz, appointed Vice Consul and clerk at Ha- bana. James V. Picken, clerk at Callao-Lima, ap¬ BIRTHS pointed Vice Consul there. Harold L. Smith, Vice Consul and clerk at Ma¬ A daughter, Gertrude, was born at Coblenz on laga, appointed Vice Consul and clerk at Gibral¬ February 24, 1925, to Clerk and Mrs. Walter A. tar temporarily. Schweizer, Berlin. Warren C. Stewart, Vice Consul and clerk at Halifax, appointed Vice Consul and clerk at A son, Hallett, Jr., was born on April 3, 1925, Fredericton, temporarily. at Paris, France, to Diplomatic Secretary and Mrs. George W. Strong, clerk at Amoy, appointed Hallett Johnson. Vice Consul there. Albert D. Wells, clerk at Windsor, appointed Vice Consul there. A son, John George Gilpin, was born June 21, William C. Young, Vice Consul and clerk at 1925, at Naples, Italy, to Consul and Mrs. H. D. Paris, appointed Vice Consul and clerk at Lille, Finley. temporarily. A son, Thomas Monnett, was born June 1, 1925, MARRIAGES to Consul and Mrs. Monnett B. Davis, at Wash¬ Coleman-Harrison. The wedding of Mrs. ington, D. C. Churchill Coleman, daughter of B. Dawson Coleman, of Philadel¬ phia, and Leland Harri¬ son, Assistant Secretary of State, took place at noon June 27 in the home of the bride’s brother and sister-in-law, Mr. and Mrs. G. Dawson Cole¬ man, of Haverford Road, Bryn Mawr, Pa. Among those who went to Philadelphia to attend the wedding* were the Undersecretary of State and Mrs. Joseph Grew, Mr. and Mrs. Hugh Wil¬ son and Mr. and Mrs. Francis White. Contributed by T. J. Bach, Photo by St. Ramos SNAKE AND ALLIGATOR A struggle between an alligator and a boa-constrictor in the river of Mas- Gerry-Welles. Mrs. parrito, near Libertad, Venezuela. The alligator is about 10 feet long and Mathilde Townsend the snake about 20 feet in length. The snake killed the alligator and the Gerry and Mr. Sumner men who saw the struggle killed the snake 269 A daughter, Marguerite, was born on June 20, Owing to the absence of a Vice Consul. Consul 1925, at Brooklyn, N. Y., to Consul and Mrs. Wiley, from Oporto, proceeded at once to Vigo Emil Sauer. to assist Mrs. Wilcox. Arrangements have been made to ship the body A son, Hugh Morgan, was born March 19, of Consul Wilcox to the United States on a 1925, to Vice Consul and Mrs. J. H. Keeley, Jr., steamer leaving Vigo August 14. Interment will at Damascus, Syria. he made at Vineland, N. J.

NECROLOGY Mr. Henry W. Carey, American Consulate Consul Henry T. Wilcox died suddenly on the Agent at Alicante, Spain, died on July 3. Mr. evening of June 21 at Vigo, from blood poison¬ Carey was a British subject, born in Spain, on ing, after an apparently slight illness of six days. January 1, 1874.

The JOURNAL wishes to condole with Vice Con¬ sul H. W. Cawston, Sault Ste. Marie, on the recent death of his father.

COMMERCIAL During the month of June, 1925, there were 3,780 trade letters transmitted to the Department, as against 3,195 in May, 1925. The Consulate at Alexandria, Egypt, took first place in the number of trade letters submitted, having 120; followed by Paris, France, 76; Habana, Cuba, 58; Berlin, Germany, 57; and Mexico City, 56. A total of 2,041 reports were received during the month of June, 1925, as compared with 2,231 reports during the month of May, 1925.

THE JOURNAL ADDRESS In writing to the JOURNAL, care should be taken not to omit “Care Department of State.” There is in Washington a “Foreign Service School” and a “Foreign Press Service.” Mail addressed merely to the “Foreign Service Journal, Washington, D. C.,” is frequently missent to one of the above, or to other wrong addresses.

VISA FEES * In accordance with the act of February 25, 1925, and the Executive order of May 15, 1925, agreements for the reciprocal suppression of fees for nonimmigrant visas and applications therefor have been concluded by the Department of State with the following countries to date: Guatemala, Honduras, Costa Rica, Panama, Sweden and Switzerland. Photo from. M. A. Hofer Nonimmigrant visa fees have been reduced to A STREET IN MONTEVIDEO $2 with Bulgaria and 10 pesetas with Spain. 270 EXAMINATION OF ALIENS PHILATELISTS—ATTEN¬ ABROAD TION! AT the request of the Secretary of State, HE JOURNAL has received the following immigration inspectors have been detailed from Consul J. K. Davis at Nanking: by the Secretary of Labor to the American “Last year in an endeavor to add to my Consulates at the following-named places to act small collection of postage stamps I wrote to a in the capacity of technical advisers on immigra¬ number of consular colleagues in different parts tion matters to the respective American Consuls: of the world and received courteous and inter¬ London, Liverpool, Southampton, Glasgow, Bel¬ esting replies from all. Incidentally I discovered fast, Dublin, Kobh (Queenstown). a number of enthusiasts whose philatelic efforts The names of these advisers, with the post of had far outstripped my own. Among these was assignment, are as follows: Thomas J. Murphy, Consul J. Rives Childs, of Jerusalem, who in his London; William Flynn, Liverpool; William J. reply made the following interesting suggestion: Coyne, Southampton; James B. Bryan, Glasgow; “I have been wondering whether a Phila¬ W. F. Watkins, Belfast; A. R. Archibald, Dub¬ telic Society could not be formed in the Con¬ lin; Everett Henry, Kobh. They are sailing from sular Service. What I have in mind is an New York on the George Washington on July 8. informal organization of those interested in The Secretary of the Treasury has already as¬ stamp collecting who would be willing to signed surgeons from the Public Health Service to forward members current issues of the coun¬ act as medical examiners in these consulates. tries in which they might be stationed. My Both the immigration and medical technical ad¬ suggestion would be that the Editor of the visers will work in cooperation with the Consuls CONSULAR BULLETIN be asked to publish a as part of the organization in the consulates, al¬ short announcement asking members of the though remaining under the professional control of Consular Service who might be interested in their respective departments. The arrangement is identifying themselves with such a club to in the nature of an experiment to determine send their names for publication in the CON¬ whether it is practicable to make such an examina¬ SULAR BULLETIN. There would be no other tion before the embarkation of the immigrant as obligation than for every member to send to may be safely substituted for the major part of every other member as complete a set of each the examination now made at American ports of current issue of the country in which the entry. It is hoped that the Consul, furnished with member was stationed as might be found pos¬ information as to the eligibility of an alien under sible. Some members might have special the immigration laws by the immigration advisers and data as to his medi¬ cal fitness by the medical adviser, will be able to prevent much of the un¬ certainty and hardship now experienced by im¬ migrants and enable a larger number to be landed directly from the vessels, and reduce to a minimum the number of persons who upon arrival at the port of entry are found inadmissible. If this experiment proves successful the method will be applied in such countries as may be Photo from O. G. Marsh willing. SEAL FISHERIES, LOBOS, URUGUAY 271 predilections and these could be developed by TO the Honor of the Mistress who being a correspondence among the members.” guide, leader and a preacher resides in the Owing to the outbreak of the Kiangsu-Chekiang Honorable Consulate of the Great Govern¬ civil war soon after the receipt of Mr. Child’s ment of America. letter, and to the abnormal conditions which have , April 27, 1924. continuously obtained here since then, my per¬ To the Honorable, Gentle, philanthropic and sonal hobbies and correspondence have perforce gracious Mr. and Mrs. Delegate of the Great been sadly neglected, and I am only now getting and Humanitarian Government of America. around to sending you his interesting suggestion. To the mistress who is our respectful, gracious and worthy of praze guide and leader of religion and the Heaven. First of all we shake your kind and generous hands and wish you good health. It is with great honor and proud that we offer to you our respects and obedience to your sacred personality. On this occasion of our sacred holiday we pray to everlasting and heavenly God for your gentle high and honorable personality. Since the time, a month ago, that your generous person visited us in the prison, we are thanking very much, as much as the heaven, to our Lord and Great God, for his kindness and benevolence. We were filled with the pure breath of your per¬ sonality. We do not know whether it is the fate My only additions to his proposal are : (1) That of heaven, or a era of punishment. We request your help and assistance, we request same from the organization should include collectors in the your honorable and sacred personality. entire Foreign Service and should be called the “American Foreign Service Philatelic Society”; After a week they will send us to work. We (2) that after the names of those interested have have no food and no clothing. We do not have been sent in and published in the JOURNAL, each even a penny. We are in a miserable condition interested officer should send a circular letter to and really in need of all kinds of help and alms. all the others stating his predilections; and (3) It is to your personality that we present our that subsequent exchanges be made on a basis of present condition with cries of help, help, assist¬ values as given in Scott’s catalogue. ance, assistance. We humbly shelter ourselves I believe that the organization of such a society under the shade of your gentle, generous and would add another bond of interest among a con¬ graceous conscience. We request God with full siderable number of Foreign Service Officers— confidence and belief that he protects you and including noncareer men who might be interested. developes your generation as well as of those who The JOURNAL will be glad to receive and print are, like yourself, the heroes of the Humanity and the names of officers interested in this proposal. civilization. O you. Sir, Madame, you who have a sacred personality. It is you who are leading the hu¬ manity to civilization, heavenly life and righteous¬ YOU NEED INSURANCE OF SOME ness. KIND AND I WRITE ALL LINES The undersigned though live in the underground PHONE OR WRITE FOR PARTICULARS places of , are satisfied with the grace and REGARDING A COMBINATION arrangements of God. They are in need of the LIFE AND DISABILITY POLICY assistance and pardon of all kind, generous and WHICH PROTECTS BOTH YOU AND benevolent persons. YOUR DEPENDENTS from Ekbez. WYNDHAM R. WILLS from Marash. 661-615 Woodward Building Main 8510 Washington, D. C. from Ourfnia. from Mardin. 272 PAPER MONEY THE BIRTHPLACE OF Officers in the Foreign Service have in the past CHAMPLAIN months noted a marked deterioration in the quality of United States paper currency of late issues. By W. H. MCKINNEY, Bordeaux This has been so noticeable in some cases as to The almost forgotten old town of Brouage in cause a natural doubt of its genuineness, particu¬ western France possesses in the crumbling walls larly in those places where counterfeit currency has been found in circulation. The following of the house in which Samuel Champlain was from the Federal Reserve Bulletin of December, born a shrine which should be of interest to all 1924, is of interest, in explanation of the present North Americans. From Brouage, Champlain inferior quality of stock and discussing the pro¬ sailed westward on that memorable voyage of jected circulation of new silver dollars as one exploration and discovery in a new world, to means of improving the situation by increasing found Quebec, to find that great lake which today reserve stocks, and will reassure those who may bears his name, to pave the way for settlement in have wondered whether the inferior quality ob¬ hitherto unknown lands of La Novelle France. served was to be a permanent characteristic: This tide of emigration was destined profoundly “The extraordinary demand on the Bureau of to affect the history of the North American Engraving and Printing for the various issues of continent. Liberty bonds during the war period, when more Champlain was appointed governor of New than 200,000,000 pieces were printed, and the increased demand for currency during that period France by his king. He discovered Lake Cham¬ and after the armistice, consumed all reserve plain in an expedition directed against the hostile stocks of paper money. Furthermore, the in¬ Iroquois Indians. His explorations carried him ability of the manufacturers of distinctive paper as far west, probably, as Lake Huron. All his to obtain linen rags necessitated a change in the adventures were very entertainingly recounted in composition of the distinctive paper from a 100 his book, “Voyage a la Novelle France,” original percent linen basis to a 100 percent cotton basis; copies of which are now very scarce and highly and this in turn resulted in the elimination of the sizing process which was formerly given to paper money before it was put into circulation. By the elimination of this sizing process the life of the paper currency was materially reduced. Carl M. J. von Zielinski Not only does the unseasoned paper currency Leslie B. Cooper Luis M. Alzamora have a much shorter life than when it is properly FOREIGN TRADE AND FINANCIAL ADVISERS seasoned, but in order to supply the constantly Specializing in growing demand for Currency the Federal Reserve The handling of Alien Property Custodian Claims, and banks have been forced to lower the standard of Miscellaneous Collections Here and Abroad. New Financing, Funding of Debts, Re-Organization of quality of the $1 bills paid back into circulation, Foreign Firms, Incorporations Under American with the consequence that there is much currency Laws, Branch Managements. of this denomination of a Very poor quality now Financial Investigations and Credit Information in the hands of the public. To bring back the currency to the standard of Agents and Correspondents fitness maintained prior to the war it will be in practically all parts of the world necessary to build up reserve stocks as well as to increase the output of the currency. It is difficult HAIT1AN-DO MINI CAN DEVELOPMENT CORPORATION Agents for to accomplish both of these things at the same Savage & Stevens Arms, U. S. Ammunition, and time. Sonora Phonograph Co. The cost to the Government of manufacturing and keeping in circulation a $1 bill is 1.7 cents. E. TOSSE & COMPANY, INC. It is therefore evident that if a month’s supply of silver dollars, which have an almost indefinite life, Exporters of can take the place of an equal amount of paper CHEMICALS AND DRUGS dollars, an annual saving of about $1,000,000 will 90-96 Wall Street New York City accrue to the Government.” 273 THE 'NEW

EVERSHABP Companion to WAHL PEN JUST a turn of the cap and new leads appear—- as the illustration shows—so one may be readily selected for recharging. This is one of the six new exclusive features which simplify and perfect Eversharp’s operation. The Perfected Eversharp can’t clog—has its new leads readily available—has a simplified quick charging device—permits quick insertion of new eraser—has stronger, tighter clip—is made of but seven parts, all standard and replaceable. Look for the name Wahl on pencil and pen. This is your guarantee. If you cannot obtain Wahl Products locally, write direct to us. The Wahl Company, New York, N. Y., U. S. A. prized by students and collectors of works on JAPAN FIFTY-FIVE YEARS American history. AGO Of the house in which he was born only a small portion of the front wall with the main (Continued from page 256) doorway, long since walled up, remains, and from are raised, the cocoons are grown and the silk is present appearances even that will have disap¬ spun. At one time the silk men of Italy came peared in another few years. Originally five yearly to Japan to buy silkworm eggs to hatch in stones formed an arch over the doorway, but their own country. The eggs were placed on years ago some ardent collector whose name is cards, say, 10 inches square, preserved in a sort now forgotten in Brouage purchased and trans¬ of mucilage and shipped on trays. The eggs ported them to the United States. exactly resembled mullet seed. The village has perpetuated the memory of its One year an American appeared in Yokohama, illustrious son by a simple monument erected near at egg time, but visited the Consulate as little as the old church which he attended. The inscription possible. Scant notice was taken of him. on this monument, as may be seen in the accom¬ In time, from the silk district, a large and un¬ panying photograph, is, translated, as follows: precedented quantity of silkworm cards appeared upon the market. The supply brought down the price, and the Italians bought eagerly and abun¬ SAMUEL CHAMPLAIN dantly. Born at Brouage About 1570 Their delight at the low price was emphatically Founded Quebec 1608 manifested, and they sailed for home in high spirits. It turned out that the Yankee had brought Account of Voyage 1632 with him from America a supply of mullet seed, Died in 1635 and somehow formed an alliance with an astute 274 Japanese. The mullet seed was substituted for eggs.

* * * 5j£ * 5jC jjc To evince surprise or astonishment is contrary to the instincts and education of a Japanese, and ignorance of foreign customs and manners a thing by no means to be admitted; but in the very effort to appear entirely at ease and “to the manner born,” they often made their ignorance laughably apparent. One instance of this kind I particularly remember. The occasion was a dinner, which I, as Acting Minister, gave in honor of a new privy councilor of the Empire; and besides four other Japanese guests, there were present several mem¬ bers of the diplomatic body. It was evident from a few little eccentricities that the guest of the evening found himself for the first time in a for¬ Over Fifty Years eign drawing-room, and I confess I felt not a few anxieties on his account; but so successfully did he attain his proper place at the table that I put Cj’ IFTY-FOUR years of running 1 superior ships in a superior way. him down as either possessing a peculiar aptitude Fifty-four years of studying the for western etiquette or having received a salutary needs of discriminating travelers. amount of “coaching.” His soup was taken with And today—the precision of personal a nonchalance which would have done credit to a service and the perfection of equip¬ Beau Brummel, the fish likewise. But in the next ment that characterize every ship of course there was passed to the privy councilor a our lines. cruet-stand which was his undoing. Sailings to Principal Ports The condiments, he assumed, were to be par¬ taken of, but to what extent, or in what manner, To Queenstown (Cobh), Plymouth, Liverpool, London, Southampton, was a conundrum which evidently he thought it Cherbourg, Antwerp and Hamburg. would never do to evince the slightest hesitation Sailings every Tuesday, Thursday in guessing. So, with the utmost sang froid, he and Saturday. Departures from New helped himself liberally to the mustard, the thing York, Boston, Philadelphia and nearest his hand. I saw and trembled. It re¬ Montreal. The most complete of quired no foresight to predict what was in store schedules—on the finest of ships. for him. Nevertheless, I knew that to speak A Wide Choice of Accommodations would be but to wound his pride, and I could only breathlessly await developments. In addition to the Majestic, world’s largest ship, the Homeric, Olympic, Of the half-spoonful of mustard to which he Belgenland, the Big Four to Liver¬ had assisted himself, nearly the whole found its pool, and our other de luxe liners, way immediately into his mouth. I remembered which offer the acme of luxurious from youthful experience the effect of a mustard ocean travel, our fleet includes twelve plaster upon the surface of the body, and the delightful cabin ships with surpris¬ thought of its probable result upon the inner man ingly low rates. sent cold chills chasing each other from my scalp And do not overlook the faultless to my heels. Second Cabins on our great steamers, I hastily decided upon a course of action when splendidly equipped and providing my guest should spring distracted from the table, excellent food and accommodations which he was sure the next instant to do. My for as little as $125. muscles stiffened in anticipation of the catastrophe For information apply to No. 1 Broadway, New York, and I involuntarily gripped the arms of my chair the company’s offices elsewhere or authorized agents in the act of rising. But no catastrophe developed. The face of the Japanese remained as calm and peaceful as a summer’s eve. Perhaps his eyes did 'OWHITE STAR LINE IT open a little wider, and his hands relax their hold AMERICAN LINE VS RED STAR LINE upon knife and fork, and I thought I saw a tear INTERNATIONAL MERCANTILE MARINS COMPANT 275 or two steal from his expressionless eyes to betray “Much depends upon the post, more on the man. the warmth of feeling which agitated his physical In some missions there is not a great deal of work anatomy. But before I had fairly begun to to be done, save of a more or less social character, breathe again, his Excellency, as if nothing at all but even there if a chap has the right sort of am¬ out of the ordinary had happened, turned to me bition he will find a full life. The opportunities and asked in the blandest manner possible, what for studying languages, customs, history, the meet¬ effect I thought the assuming of the sceptre by ing with the leading men and women of the coun¬ the young Emperor of China was likely to have try to which he is accredited, as well as with his upon that Government’s foreign policy. own and other nationals who travel, open a field “And still I gazed and still the wonder which might well tempt fine men with desire for grew * * travel and culture. I assert that the Japanese individually and as a “Within the Diplomatic Corps one can always nation are the equals of any other nation in the find men of character and refinement. In certain world—superior to the majority—and I have seen Embassies like this there is an immense amount many. of work. Its character and volume touch on al¬ In my view they are more Occidental than most every department of human living and human Oriental. knowledge, and no young secretary could fail to find an opportunity for the use of his best talents. “One also gets into the habit of reading about THE SERVICE international affairs and discussing political ques¬ AN American Ambassador at one of our for¬ tions affecting other nations, because it all has a eign posts recently received a letter from bearing on your own work. To see the insides of a college mate asking his advice as to the Governments, other than your own, is in itself a future of the Foreign Service for his son. liberal education and no one who has conscien¬ Extracts from the reply have seemed so much tiously done his work in the Foreign Service has to reflect the spirit of the service under the Rogers failed to gain much that goes toward the making Act that they are published herewith: of a cultured man of the world.

COMMUNICA TION

With its great system of cables the “Via All America” route places North America in instan¬ taneous touch with the Republics of Central and JOHN L. MERRILL, President South America and the Islands of the West Indies. NORTH AMERICA Constantly keeping in step with the continued CENTRAL AMERICA progress of Latin America, All America Cables SOUTH AMERICA CUBA, PORTO RICO has developed its lines of communication to meet DOMINICAN REPUBLIC the most exacting needs of its customers. ALL AMERICA CABLES INCORPORATED NEW YORK 89 BROAD STREET WASHINGTON OFFICE: 1126 CONNECTICUT AVENUE

276 All the freight cars used last year to carry raw materials to General Motors factories and to take away .finished motor vehicles, would make a rail¬ road train over 3,000 mileslong. Volumepur- chase enables General Motors to offer utmost value in its products, as, for example, in the low priced Chevrolet.

What makes motor car value? 8. Manufacturing economies

GENERAL MOTORS has applied square feet of upholstery. Of minor the economies of large scale produc¬ parts they use 500,000,000 lockwash- tion to the building of motor cars ers, 250,000,000 screws, and 100,000,- and trucks. 000 pins of various sorts. For example: In a single year the By coordinating the purchases of manufacturing divisions of General its divisions, General Motors can buy Motors, located in 38 cities, use 790,- materials of first quality at savings 000 tons of iron and steel, 156,000,000 which are reflected in the price you board feet of lumber and 86,000,000 pay for a General Motors vehicle. TO DEALERS: For particulars regarding the advantages of a connection with General Motors and the possibilities of representation in your terri¬ tory, address General Motors Export Company, 224 West 57th Street, New York City. GENERAL MOTORS BUICK CADILLAC CHEVROLET OAKLAND OLDSMOBILE GMC TRUCKS

277 “As for your suggestion concerning diplomatic underman and do narrow and uninspiring work, life as being overwhelmingly social, ‘pink teas’ are possibly for years, his chances for ever being at only the fringe on the social garment. They do the top are very slim. no one any harm and sometimes teach lessons in “Of course, I have spoken of the underman. At courtesy and good manners much needed by the top the service is filled with absorbing interests Americans. and has a peculiar fascination which grips you “Under the present spirit and rules of the State hard. Department promotions are made for merit. This “As for your son going into charity work, I results in the new man being sent to the less desir¬ cannot compare it with governmental work, but it able posts to be tried out. ‘Pull’ no longer sends a does not sound like a real career. To take part new third secretary to London or Paris. He is in government, to be a factor in determining the expected first to win his spurs. If a man wants to policies which rule nations, to build for coming learn, his chances in the Balkans or in South or generations and to see and know intimately the Central America are much better than in the most mainsprings of human action at home and abroad, favored missions. these seem to me far finer and bigger opportuni¬ “All this is said not to encourage a man to take ties for service than charitable work in one’s own up Foreign Service for a career unless he feels comfortable home in the midst of many people who himself fitted and is willing to take both the good give you a place and position before you have won and the bad in it, but is intended to show that such it, rather than as a result of action in the stern service offers wonderful opportunities for the right competitions of life. man of the right spirit and the right ambition. As “To sum it up, if your son starts with a preju¬ for your son feeling that the duties of the ‘under¬ dice against the Foreign Service, then I doubt the man are very narrow and uninspiring,’ I can only wisdom of his entering it. But I still feel it is an say that that is true in law, medicine, banking or honorable career, calling for tact, judgment, cul¬ commercial life. If one is not willing to be the ture and courage.”

Conveniencing the Diplomat and the Consul

11 *|HEN Duty or Pleasure calls the Foreign Service officer to the Nation s capital, the official and social environment and the luxurious comfort at The Shoreham enable him to dwell in his own realm. Liberal Discounts to Diplomatic and Consular Representatives

15th and H Streets, N. W. Washington, D. C.

278 DDDEEBRDTHERS TO URINE CAR

Its simplicity is as notable as its good looks. Dodge Brothers Touring Car is easy to operate and with rea¬ sonable care the owner rarely finds it necessary to employ the services of a garage.

279 PHOENICIAN TOMBS AT STANDARD OIL CO. OF NEW YORK CADIZ 26 Broadway New York (Continued from page 261) discover what he can about them, in whatever manner he can devise. In one room has been made a reconstruction of one of the tombs as it would appear out in the little garden overlooking the bay. Close at hand is a remarkable sarcophagus, each half of which is one piece of stone. The upper part represents, in primitive carving, the effigy of a bearded man, wearing a tunic which reaches to his bare feet and which has the curious detail of elbow-length sleeves. There are more hones, one quite com¬ The Mark of Quality plete skeleton, the others laid out in cases with no particular arrangement. The Phoenicians made pottery of reddish clay, and some pieces have remained intact—bowls, jars which show some¬ thing of Greek influence in their outline, one curious drinking bowl which is made in crude Socony representation of a dove. 1 here are no decorative designs on the pottery, and nowhere does one encounter any inscriptions. In a glass case in the main room of the little Products museum are found the most precious contents of the tombs, the golden ornaments which were buried with the dead. There are rings, pendants, Illuminating Oils necklaces, bracelets, some of them simple in de¬ sign and workmanship, others having rather intri¬ Lubricating Oils and Greases cate ornamentation. One necklace is striking; gold balls and carnelians about the size of peas Gasoline and Motor Spirits alternate, and in the middle is hung a small round pendant decorated with a conventional Greek Fuel Oil design. Aside from the Greek influence.in this Phoenician jewelry one also finds Egyptian. Asphaltums, Binders and There are a few scarab rings, with the customary, Road Oils reversible setting, and some tiny golden amulets with their cases which are probably Egyptian in Paraffine Wax and Can tiles fact as well as in design. And it is not surprising to find these objects of foreign origin, when it is Lamps, Stoves and Heaters remembered that the Phoenicians were the greatest Mediterranean traders of their day, and even made voyages from their western seat at Cadiz to Branch Offices in the Principal Cities of Britain, the mainland along the Baltic Sea, the Azores, and, it is remotely possible, to American Japan Philippine Islands Turkey shores as well. During their peregrinations they China Straits Settlements Syria gathered unto themselves the things in other coun¬ Indo-China Netherlands India Bulgaria Siam South Africa Greece tries which pleased them, and thus have left be¬ India Australasia Jugoslavia hind them in Cadiz the most remote part of their kingdom, an indirect record of their trade and travels, as well as of their own degree of culture. 280 INVESTMENT SERVICE WHEREVER THE CABLE GOES

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Domestic and Foreign Offices

CALIFORNIA JAPAN Tokio San Francisco Kobe Yokohama JAVA CHINA Hongkong Batavia Canton Peking Shanghai Dairen PHILIPPINE ISLANDS Hankow Tientsin Harbin Cebu Manila INQUIRIES addressed to our New I York or London Offices will re¬ DOMINICAN REPUBLIC REPUBLIC OF PANAMA Santo Domingo City and Colon Panama ceive prompt attention. Lists of cur¬ other important cities SPAIN rent investment offerings will be Barcelona Madrid found at all offices of The National ENGLAND—London City Bank and International Bank¬ INDIA Calcutta STRAITS SETTLEMENTS ing Corporation. Bombay Rangoon Singapore THE NATIONAL CITY COMPANY HEAD OFFICE: NATIONAL CITY BANK BUILDING, NEW YORK Geneva LONDON: 34 BISHOPSGATE, E. C. 2 Tokio BONDS SHORT TERM NOTES ACCEPTANCES

281 MIDSEASON IN THE PEN¬ NANT RACES

By PAUL W. EATON, Department WHEN the Washington Baseball Club won the championship of the world last October, Washington was wrought up to a pitch of excitement unknown to the oldest inhabitants. The demonstration at the ball park when the last game was won was like a street battle of armies in the storming of a mediaeval city, tens of thousands of spectators milling around the stadium for an hour after the conflict was over, amidst scenes of intense enthusiasm, confusion, and excitement, after which they joined other thousands in an all night celebration down town. Many officials of the Department and members of the Diplomatic Corps showed great interest in the World Series, and numerous inquiries are being received as to the outlook for this year’s world series, and especially the Washington Club’s chance of repeating. President Clark C. Griffith, of the Washington Baseball Club, was asked, last week, whether his team would retain its honors. He answered emphatically that it would win the American League pennant and the World Series. This was unusual, but the baseball public seems to Leadership share his views. On July 9, 10,000 letters re¬ questing reservations of seats for next October’s FAST, visible typewriting began with the introduction of the Underwood Typewriter World Series had been received by his club. more than a quarter of a century ago. Dur¬ Some letters contained long lists of persons ing this time there have been no changes in who want reservations. The largest attendance the fundamental principles of its construction, although certain minor improvements have here last year was a little over 37,000. Griffith been made. The Underwood Typewriter still now estimates that the park can be made to hold holds the sovereign position in typewriter 40,000 in a World Series. Probably that many speed, accuracy and durability. It has proved its right to this leadership by winning every seats have been applied for in these letters. International Typewriter Contest since its This is written when the Washington team is inception eighteen years ago. ten games past the half-way point in the race Commerce pays tribute by acceptance—at the and is three points (one-thousandth) behind its dawn of every business day more than two nearest competitor, the Athletics, of Philadelphia, million Underwoods go into action. about as near a tie as possible. The latter had a UNDERWOOD TYPEWRITER CO., INC. narrow lead from May 8 to June 30, when the 1413 New York Avenue N. W. Washingtons passed them in a magnificent one-hit Washington, D. C. shutout game pitched by Walter Johnson, an advantage that was lost when they went West Branches in all Principal Cities with a crippled team. In the 14 games in which these two teams have met this year Washington has won 9 to Philadelphia’s 5. These teams are UNDERWOOD far ahead of the rest; but Detroit and St. Louis Speeds the Worlds Business are climbing and may soon be dangerously ad¬ vanced in the race. 282 The Detroit team is the only one in the history of baseball which could present three .400 batters in a row in its batting order. First of these is the veteran manager, Ty Cobb. The stereotyped expression “demoniac energy” seems to have been coined for him, and he has determination that matches it. One day at the local park, when he was suffering from a violent attack of acute indigestion such as sometimes proves fatal, he was making hit after hit and running wild on the bases, and won the game for his team when anyone else would have been in bed, under a physician’s care. Washington, St. Louis, Philadelphia, and De¬ troit will probably prove to be the real contenders, with Chicago leading the second division. Far from resting on their laurels since last year’s victory, President Griffith and Manager “Bucky” Harris have been overhauling their team ever since last October. Of the 23 players, trainer, and two coaches in the team picture in last November’s AMERICAN FOREIGN SERVICE JOURNAL seven players are now gone. Ten have been added. Those missing are Hargrave, a very promising- young catcher; Pitchers Mogridge, Martina, Speece, and Zahniser; and Infielders Taylor and Miller. Some of the pitchers are able players, but sometimes good men must be used in trades. The club has added Pitchers Coveleskie, Reuther, Gregg, and Kelly; Catcher Severeid; and Infielders Scott, Joe Harris, and Adams. Shortstop Myers, bought from New Orleans, and Outfielder Lucien Jones, from Mobile, will Photograph by Willard Price join the Washingtons in September. President Griffith has refused an offer of $50,000 for his MORE WANTED option on Myers, whom many experts consider YOUR article—on the people, habits, work the best prospect in the minor leagues. and recreations in foreign lands—when pub¬ lished in the National Geographic Magazine, Coveleskie, a veteran whom some critics introduces you to a million well-informed people thought passe, is leading the American League interested in foreign affairs and geography. in percentage of games won, with 11 victories Editors are receptive for later articles and books and 1 defeat, and, to use a baseball expression, from your pen. Too, your article comes directly is “making monkeys” of his opponents. to the attention of the Department of State, whose approval is obtained for all material The Washington Club is second in batting, tied offered by Foreign Service representatives. for first place in fielding, and first in stolen bases. Detroit and St. Louis have scored more Why not make leisure hours profitable? runs than Washington, but their defense was not All material accepted is Brochure descriptive of tight enough to keep their opponents from scor¬ paid for promptly at at¬ material desired and ing heavily. The Washingtons have not lost tractive rates, and that booklet about The more than two games in succession this season. •which is unavailable is Society and Magazine Latest unofficial figures showed that they had returned promptly by mailed on request. four of the league’s five leading pitchers in win¬ insured post. Address, The Editor ning percentage. They were Coveleskie, Mar- National Geographic Magazine ing heavily. Latest unofficial figures showed that Washington, D. C. they had four of the league’s five leading pitchers in winning percentage. They were Coveleskie, 283 THE wonderful motor car—Eight Cylinders in line! That is what the buying public proclaimed before the Hup- mobile Eight was five months old. Built like a racing car. Built to travel at top speed and to with¬ stand all road conditions. There you have the Hupmobile Eight-in-Line—guess the speed. You will say 15—or 20. Look at the speedometer—it registers 50 miles—or more. This wonderful Hupmobile Eight-in-Line deludes you—as it does everyone—because it is so superlatively smooth and perfect in action.

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284 Marberry, Johnson, and Reuther. The latter has URUGUAY AND MONTE¬ dropped lower, owing to a leg injury that im¬ paired his control, but probably will come back. VIDEO

A pitcher works with his legs almost as much as (Continued from page 259) his arms. In the National League the New York Giants Montevideo being too poor to make its transpor¬ and the Pittsburghs are fighting for the lead. tation a paying one. One might say that, with The latter are a game ahead. The Giants, last the exception of Montevideo, Uruguay is purely agrarian which, on account of the temperate cli¬ year’s winners, have been crippled, but are mate, adequate rainfall and fertile undulating gaining, now that their manager and his disabled pasture lands, offers untold opportunities for the stars are back in line. Brooklyn and St. Louis farmer, sheep or cattle raiser and wine grower. may crash into this race, but probably not. When one realizes that Uruguay, which is about The Giants’ chances to repeat are good, and the size of the British Isles, has approximately it looks like Washington as their opponent. only 1,000,000 inhabitants residing outside Mon¬ Pittsburgh has a young, fast, hard-hitting team, tevideo against Great Britain’s 50,000,000, it can but the Giants have been so thoroughly welded readily be seen what vast opportunities are opened together by their resourceful leader, John J. to agricultural development. The country itself McGraw, and he is such a master of baseball is divided into huge “estancias” or ranches, owned strategy, that they present a front like the Mace¬ by a few of the upper classes, who are endeavor¬ donian phalanx. Mr. McGraw is usually able, ing to develop their estates along modern lines. A typical modern estancia, though very primi¬ when hard pressed, to find expedients that help. tive, is entirely sufficient unto itself. It contains Baseball law forbids sales and trades of players a rather large Spanish house in the center where between major league clubs after June IS, but the owner lives when he pays his annual or semi¬ there are many other weapons that a wise leader annual visit there or where the year-round “capa- can use efficiently. taz” (manager) lives. Next to the main house

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285 there is usually a separate house for guests who or blanket falling loose from the shoulders, gen¬ visit either the owner or the “capataz.” Near by erally black in color—with red or gay colored are quarters for all the “peons” (servants) who scarfs tied around their necks. These “gauchos” work on the estancia, also a school house which or cowboys are splendid horsemen, and when one the children attend, a small church, stables for the of their flock makes a vain attempt to get away horses, machine shops for repairing agricultural you hear a shrill cry, see several “gauchos” start implements, and sheds for shearing the sheep, tan¬ off at full gallop, swinging their lassoes high above ning hides, and disinfecting all the animals, which their heads, and soon the offending animal is often number over 60,000 head of cattle and brought to its knees in exactly the same manner 40,000 head of sheep. It is not at all uncommon as by “Buffalo Bill” in the years gone. An aver¬ to have to ride for from 20 to 25 kilometers over age of from 3,000 to 4,000 head of cattle and from the fields from the outer gate before reaching the 2,000 to 3,000 head of sheep are bought and sold little village above described. at the “tablada” every day. Every morning at 6 a. m. the “tablada,” a place some 20-odd kilometers outside of Montevideo MINUTES OF THE ANNUAL where the live stock of the “estancias” are sold to the big slaughter houses, presents a spectacle that MEETING I doubt can be equaled in any other part of the (Continued from page 247) world, and it verily makes the stockyards at majority of members of the Association are serv¬ Chicago realize that it is not without a rival. ing in the field, the Committee has given consid¬ Roving over the fields as far as the eye can see erable thought and study to the problem of how to are drove after drove of cattle and sheep herded make the Association of greater value and benefit by native cowboys wearing large Mexican som¬ to the officer in the field. Correspondence has breros and long flowing “ponchos”—a sort of cape been carried on with various members of the

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28 7 Association serving abroad with respect to the John Jacob Rogers. Feeling sure that you would possibility of effecting what may be termed “bloc” wish it so to do, the Committee designated one of insurance of all active members. The question has its members to attend the funeral services as the been taken up with insurance companies in the representative of the Association. A wreath of United States, but thus far it has been found flowers was also sent in the name of the Asso¬ impracticable to give effect to this suggestion. ciation. Considerable study has been given to the pos¬ With a further expression of appreciation of sibility of establishing scholarships in American the support which has been so cordially accorded educational institutions, a project under which to it, the members of the Executive Committee surplus funds of the Association would go to respectfully tender their resignations, to become provide scholarships to dependent children of effective July 1, 1925. In submitting their resig¬ Foreign Service Officers. Useful data has been nations the members of the Committee are ani¬ compiled, and this will be turned over to the new mated by the belief that the work for which they Executive Committee. The Committee did not, were elected—work incident to the organization of course, contemplate taking final action in any period of the Association—has been completed. of these matters. It was fully appreciated by the It would seem appropriate and desirable that a Committee that its work with respect to these new Committee be elected by this meeting which questions was of a preliminary nature only. shall function for the regular two-year period as Other ways in which the Association can still prescribed in the Articles of the Association. The further demonstrate to officers in the field its members of the present Committee request that usefulness will no doubt suggest themselves to the their names he not considered for reelection to new Committee. the Committee. It would seem inappropriate to conclude this EVAN E. YOUNG, brief report without making reference therein to Chairman. the passing during the last year of a staunch HUGH R. WILSON, friend and supporter of the Service, Congressman Vice-Chairman.

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288 The American Foreign Service

dAssociation

Honorary President FRANK B. KELLOGG Secretary of State

Honorary Vice-Presidents JOSEPH C. GREW Under Secretary of State LELAND HARRISON Assistant Secretary of State J. BUTLER WRIGHT Assistant Secretary of State WILBUR J. CARR Assistant Secretary of State

President Vice-President

EXECUTIVE COMMITTEE FRANCIS WHITE Chairman RALPH J. TOTTEN Vice-Chairman WILLIAM DAWSON COERT DUBOIS ARTHUR BLISS LANE

H. MERLE COCHRAN Secretary-Treasurer of the Association

JOURNAL STAFF FELIX COLE Editor J. THEODORE MARRINER 1 F. LAMMOT BELIN I Associate Editors WILLIAM W. HEARD J EDWIN C. WILSON Business Manager IRVING N. LINNELL ( Associate Business Managers Assoclate MONNETT B. DAVIS j " - Business Managers

EDWARD L. REED Treasurer of Journal

The American Foreign Service Association is an un¬ official and voluntary association embracing most of the members of The Foreign Service of the United States. It was formed for the purpose of fostering esprit de corps among the members of the Foreign Service, to strengthen service spirit and to establish a center around which might be grouped the united efforts of its members for the improvement of the Service. World-Wide Travel Service Regular, dependable and efficient services to all parts of the world are main¬ tained by United States Government ships. New York and Europe United States Lines’ ships offer an ideal passage for all classes of travel between New York, Cobh (Queenstown), Plymouth, Cherbourg, Southampton and Bremen—ports of call for quick connections to every part of Europe. Typical American comforts and conveniences are provided on all vessels of the Line: S. S. Leviathan S. S. America S. S. Pres. Harding S. S. Republic S. S. Pres. Roosevelt S. S. George Washington

ew York and Soutk America Regular fortnightly sailings by the four white sister ships of the Pan America Line: S. S. Southern Cross S. S. Pan America S. S. American Legion S. S. Western World These vessels are the finest and fastest between New York, Rio de Janeiro, Santos, Montevideo and Buenos Aires.

United States and tke Far East Five splendidly appointed Government ships of the American Oriental Mail Line are operated over the Short Route from Seattle via Victoria, B. C., with a sailing every twelve days: S. S. President McKinley S. S. President Grant S. S. President Jefferson S. S. President Jackson S. S. President Madison INVESTIGATE AMERICAN SHIPS Before you book your tour this year investigate the American comforts and American pleasures provided on the splendid ships operated for the United States Shipping Board. Write us for the interesting travel booklets which your government has prepared. They give full details of itineraries, costs and ship accommodations.

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