Language Origins: from Mythology to Science
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Adaptive Structure, Cultural Transmission & Language
Adaptive Structure, Cultural Transmission & Language: Investigating a Population Dynamic in Human Iterated Learning James Winters Acknowledgements I would like to thank the following people during this dissertation: First, to my supervisor, Monica Tamariz, who first introduced me to the topic and provided plenty of useful comments and advice. Also, to my co-supervisor, Hannah Cornish, for her valuable insight into the experimental paradigm she essentially created. Lastly, I would like to thank all of my fellow MSc students and Simon Kirby – it has been a wonderful year getting to know you all. 2 | P a g e Abstract Over the past 20 years the study of language evolution has made significant leaps towards becoming a serious scientific endeavour. One recent leap is the investigations of cultural transmission in the laboratory, particularly in the realm of iterated learning. However, the research is still very much in its infancy, with human iterated learning experiments still only using single individuals in a chain. Yet as we know, language is manifestly embedded within the social environment, and as such is subject to complex population dynamics. This current thesis expands on human iterated learning by expanding the population to two individuals (polyadic) per generation, which in turn introduces variability in the input. By comparing this modification with single individual populations (monadic), and previous experiments, an empirical framework is developed that can enhance our understanding of population dynamics and the emergence of adaptive structure. 3 | P a g e Contents Chapter One – Introduction page 5 Chapter Two – Background page 6 2.1. Language as a unique communication system page 6 2.1.1. -
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The Evolution of Language: Towards Gestural Hypotheses DIS/CONTINUITIES TORUŃ STUDIES IN LANGUAGE, LITERATURE AND CULTURE Edited by Mirosława Buchholtz Advisory Board Leszek Berezowski (Wrocław University) Annick Duperray (University of Provence) Dorota Guttfeld (Nicolaus Copernicus University) Grzegorz Koneczniak (Nicolaus Copernicus University) Piotr Skrzypczak (Nicolaus Copernicus University) Jordan Zlatev (Lund University) Vol. 20 DIS/CONTINUITIES Przemysław ywiczy ski / Sławomir Wacewicz TORUŃ STUDIES IN LANGUAGE, LITERATURE AND CULTURE Ż ń Edited by Mirosława Buchholtz Advisory Board Leszek Berezowski (Wrocław University) Annick Duperray (University of Provence) Dorota Guttfeld (Nicolaus Copernicus University) Grzegorz Koneczniak (Nicolaus Copernicus University) The Evolution of Language: Piotr Skrzypczak (Nicolaus Copernicus University) Jordan Zlatev (Lund University) Towards Gestural Hypotheses Vol. 20 Bibliographic Information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data is available in the internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de. The translation, publication and editing of this book was financed by a grant from the Polish Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Republic of Poland within the programme Uniwersalia 2.1 (ID: 347247, Reg. no. 21H 16 0049 84) as a part of the National Programme for the Development of the Humanities. This publication reflects the views only of the authors, and the Ministry cannot be held responsible for any use which may be made of the information contained therein. Translators: Marek Placi ski, Monika Boruta Supervision and proofreading: John Kearns Cover illustration: © ńMateusz Pawlik Printed by CPI books GmbH, Leck ISSN 2193-4207 ISBN 978-3-631-79022-9 (Print) E-ISBN 978-3-631-79393-0 (E-PDF) E-ISBN 978-3-631-79394-7 (EPUB) E-ISBN 978-3-631-79395-4 (MOBI) DOI 10.3726/b15805 Open Access: This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Non Commercial No Derivatives 4.0 unported license. -
THE DESTINY of the WORLD : a STUDY on the END of the UNIVERSE in the Llght of ANCIENT EGYPTIAN TEXTS
THE DESTINY OF THE WORLD : A STUDY ON THE END OF THE UNIVERSE IN THE LlGHT OF ANCIENT EGYPTIAN TEXTS Sherine M. ElSebaie A thesis submitted in conformity with the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Graduate Department of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations University of Toronto O Copyright by Sherine M. ElSebaie (2000) National Library Bibliothèque nationale of Canada du Canada Acquisitions and Acquisitions et Bibliographic Services services bibliographiques 395 Wellington Street 395, rue Wellington Ottawa ON K1A ON4 Ottawa ON KfA ON4 Canada Canada The author has granted a non- L'auteur a accordé une licence non exclusive licence allowing the exclusive permettant à la National Library of Canada to Bibliothèque nationale du Canada de reproduce, loan, distribute or seil reproduire, prêter, distribuer ou copies of this thesis in microform, vendre des copies de cette thèse sous paper or electronic formats. la fome de microfiche/nlm, de reproduction sur papier ou sur format électronique. The author retains ownership of the L'auteur conserve la propriété du copyright in this thesis. Neither the droit d'auteur qui protège cette thèse. thesis nor substantial extracts fiom it Ni la thèse ni des extraits substantiels may be printed or otherwise de celle-ci ne doivent être imprimés reproduced without the author's ou autrement reproduits sans son permission. autorisation. The Destiny of The World: A Study on the End of The Universe in The Light of Ancient Egyptian Texts Sherine M. ElSebaie Master of Arts, 2000 Dept. of Near and Middle Eastern Civilizations University of Toronto ABSTRACT The subject of this thesis is a theme that has not been fully çtudied until today and that has long been thought to be overlooked by the ancient Egyptians in a negative way. -
Linguistics for Archaeologists: Principles, Methods and the Case of the Incas
Linguistics for Archaeologists Linguistics for Archaeologists: Principles, Methods and the Case of the Incas Paul Heggarty1 Like archaeologists, linguists and geneticists too use the data and methods of their dis‑ ciplines to open up their own windows onto our past. These disparate visions of human prehistory cry out to be reconciled into a coherent holistic scenario, yet progress has long been frustrated by interdisciplinary disputes and misunderstandings (not least about Indo‑European). In this article, a comparative‑historical linguist sets out, to his intended audience of archaeologists, the core principles and methods of his discipline that are of relevance to theirs. They are first exemplified for the better‑known languages of Europe, before being put into practice in a lesser‑known case‑study. This turns to the New World, setting its greatest indigenous ‘Empire’, that of the Incas, alongside its greatest surviving language family today, Quechua. Most Andean archaeologists assume a straightforward association between these two. The linguistic evidence, however, exposes this as nothing but a popular myth, and writes instead a wholly new script for the prehistory of the Andes — which now awaits an archaeological story to match. 1. Archaeology and linguistics genetic methods from the biological sciences now being applied to language data. In a much discussed Recent years have seen growing interest in a ‘new syn- paper in Nature, Gray & Atkinson (2003) put forward thesis’ between the disciplines of archaeology, genetics a phylogenetic analysis of Indo-European languages, and linguistics, at the point where all three intersect based on comparative vocabulary lists, which falls in seeking a coherent picture of the distant origins of neatly in line with the ‘out of Anatolia’ hypothesis. -
Catalogo Della Biblioteca Di Ada Ed Ernesto Rossi
Catalogo della biblioteca di Ada ed Ernesto Rossi collocazioneAutore/i e Titolo Luogo/Editore Anno, Ediz. ABB Abba, Giusepppe Cesare - Da Quarto al Volturno, Noterelle d'uno dei Mille Milano, Mondadori ABO <L'>aborto - <L'>aborto Roma, Movimento Gaetano Salvemini 1973 ACQ Acquaviva, Sabino S. - <L'> eclissi del sacro nella civiltà industriale Milano, Comunità 1961, 01 ACT Acton, Harry B. - <L'>illusione dell'epoca, Il marxismo-leninismo come filosofia Milano, Comunità 1961 AGA Aga Rossi, Elena - Dal partito popolare alla democrazia cristiana Bologna, Cappelli 1969 AGA Rossi, ElenaAga - <Il> movimento repubblicano Giustizia e Libertà e il Partito d'Azione Bologna, Cappelli 1969 AGE Ageno, Mario - Elementi di fisica Torino, Einaudi 1956 AGN Agnelli, Susanna - Vestivamo alla marinara Milano, Mondadori 1975, 01 AGN Agnello, Giuseppe - <La> mia vita nel ventennio Siracusa, Mascali 1962 AGO Agosti, Aldo - Rodolfo Morandi, Il pensiero e l'azione politica Bari, Laterza 1971, 01 AGO Agostini, Amedeo, Bortolotti, Enea - Esercizi di Geometria Analitica Bologna, Zanichelli 1925, 01 AIC Aicard, Jean - Maurin des Maures Paris, Nelson 193?, 01 AJA Ajar, Emile, Bogliolo, Giovanni - La vita davanti a sé, Traduzione di Giovanni Bogliolo Milano, Rizzoli 1978, 01 ALA Alarcòn, Pedro de - <Il> cappello a tre punte Milano, Rizzoli 1950, 01 ALA Alatri, Paolo - <Le> origini del fascismo Torino, Einaudi 1956, 01 ALA Alarcon, Pedro De, Berra, Camillo - <Il> cappello a tre punte, A cura di Camillo Berra Torino, Torinese 1933, 01 ALB Albertini, Mario, Chiti-Batelli, -
ACCOMPANIMENT of GREGORIAN CHANT Rev
r~~~~~~~~~~l t APRIL - 1934 } t } t t t Magazine of t CATHOLIC~ CHURCH t and SCHO()L MUSIC t Founded A. D. 1874 by John Singenberger t FEATURES t ACCOMPANIMENT OF GREGORIAN CHANT Rev. Carlo Rossini *' t THE SEMINARY AND INSTRUMENTAL MUSIC Rev. F. T. Walter * t GREAT VOICES ARE BORN--JNOT MADE * t MUSIC APPRECIATION Sister lVlary Cherubilll, O.S.F. t eublished by McLAUGHLIN & REILLY COMPANY t 1100 Boyl$ton StrE~et, Bo'ston, Mass. LITURGICAL MASSES-McLAUGHLIN & REILLY EDITION • Means Approved St. Gregory "White List" UNISON 505 Tappert, H., Mass of St. Rose of Lima ..•.....•.••••••••••••• •35 (Voice Parts Available) 506 *Tappert, H., Missa SSe Ang. Custo- dum .......••.....•..•..•••• 11 Mandl. opus 198 .60 .60 $ Witt, Missa Exultet.••••••• .80 339 Groiss, Mass of St. Joseph.. •••• •• .60 669 F. X., Voice Part .......•••••••••••• •40 342 Grieshacher, Mis-sa Janua Coeli... .60 340 Wheeler, V. B., Mass in Gminor.. .60 564 Becker, Mass of St. F rands Xavier. .60 Voice Part ........•....•...•• .25 640 Dumler, Missa Cantate Pueri. ••.• .60 362 Predmore, Mass of Good Shepherd. .40 622 Smith, Missa Maria Mater Dei. .. .60 THREE PART (S.S.A.) lWO PART 518 Cherubim, Mass of St. Alfons..•••$ .35 (Chant, harmonized alternately) 508 Dare, M., Mass in G $ .40 666 Gisela, Mass of Our Lady..•••••• .60 221 Marsh, W. J., Mass of the Holy 563 Shaefers, M.ass of Blessed Julie ••• .60 Angels ..........•.....•.••... .60 C218 Smith, MasBoE Sacred Heart.••.• .60 Voice Part ......•............• .25 P.G. Cherion, Mease de Stet Cecile .••• .80 363 Marsh, W. J., Choral Mass. .. ..... .60 Voice Part .....•.••.•.•...•.• .25 REQUIEM 519 Meyer, J. -
Origins of Human Language
Contents Volume 2 / 2016 Vol. Articles 2 FRANCESCO BENOZZO Origins of Human Language: 2016 Deductive Evidence for Speaking Australopithecus LOUIS-JACQUES DORAIS Wendat Ethnophilology: How a Canadian Indigenous Nation is Reviving its Language Philology JOHANNES STOBBE Written Aesthetic Experience. Philology as Recognition An International Journal MAHMOUD SALEM ELSHEIKH on the Evolution of Languages, Cultures and Texts The Arabic Sources of Rāzī’s Al-Manṣūrī fī ’ṭ-ṭibb MAURIZIO ASCARI Philology of Conceptualization: Geometry and the Secularization of the Early Modern Imagination KALEIGH JOY BANGOR Philological Investigations: Hannah Arendt’s Berichte on Eichmann in Jerusalem MIGUEL CASAS GÓMEZ From Philology to Linguistics: The Influence of Saussure in the Development of Semantics CARMEN VARO VARO Beyond the Opposites: Philological and Cognitive Aspects of Linguistic Polarization LORENZO MANTOVANI Philology and Toponymy. Commons, Place Names and Collective Memories in the Rural Landscape of Emilia Discussions ROMAIN JALABERT – FEDERICO TARRAGONI Philology Philologie et révolution Crossings SUMAN GUPTA Philology of the Contemporary World: On Storying the Financial Crisis Review Article EPHRAIM NISSAN Lexical Remarks Prompted by A Smyrneika Lexicon, a Trove for Contact Linguistics Reviews SUMAN GUPTA Philology and Global English Studies: Retracings (Maurizio Ascari) ALBERT DEROLEZ The Making and Meaning of the Liber Floridus: A Study of the Original Manuscript (Ephraim Nissan) MARC MICHAEL EPSTEIN (ED.) Skies of Parchment, Seas of Ink: Jewish Illuminated Manuscripts (Ephraim Nissan) Peter Lang Vol. 2/2016 CONSTANCE CLASSEN The Deepest Sense: A Cultural History of Touch (Ephraim Nissan) Contents Volume 2 / 2016 Vol. Articles 2 FRANCESCO BENOZZO Origins of Human Language: 2016 Deductive Evidence for Speaking Australopithecus LOUIS-JACQUES DORAIS Wendat Ethnophilology: How a Canadian Indigenous Nation is Reviving its Language Philology JOHANNES STOBBE Written Aesthetic Experience. -
Karaoke Mietsystem Songlist
Karaoke Mietsystem Songlist Ein Karaokesystem der Firma Showtronic Solutions AG in Zusammenarbeit mit Karafun. Karaoke-Katalog Update vom: 13/10/2020 Singen Sie online auf www.karafun.de Gesamter Katalog TOP 50 Shallow - A Star is Born Take Me Home, Country Roads - John Denver Skandal im Sperrbezirk - Spider Murphy Gang Griechischer Wein - Udo Jürgens Verdammt, Ich Lieb' Dich - Matthias Reim Dancing Queen - ABBA Dance Monkey - Tones and I Breaking Free - High School Musical In The Ghetto - Elvis Presley Angels - Robbie Williams Hulapalu - Andreas Gabalier Someone Like You - Adele 99 Luftballons - Nena Tage wie diese - Die Toten Hosen Ring of Fire - Johnny Cash Lemon Tree - Fool's Garden Ohne Dich (schlaf' ich heut' nacht nicht ein) - You Are the Reason - Calum Scott Perfect - Ed Sheeran Münchener Freiheit Stand by Me - Ben E. King Im Wagen Vor Mir - Henry Valentino And Uschi Let It Go - Idina Menzel Can You Feel The Love Tonight - The Lion King Atemlos durch die Nacht - Helene Fischer Roller - Apache 207 Someone You Loved - Lewis Capaldi I Want It That Way - Backstreet Boys Über Sieben Brücken Musst Du Gehn - Peter Maffay Summer Of '69 - Bryan Adams Cordula grün - Die Draufgänger Tequila - The Champs ...Baby One More Time - Britney Spears All of Me - John Legend Barbie Girl - Aqua Chasing Cars - Snow Patrol My Way - Frank Sinatra Hallelujah - Alexandra Burke Aber Bitte Mit Sahne - Udo Jürgens Bohemian Rhapsody - Queen Wannabe - Spice Girls Schrei nach Liebe - Die Ärzte Can't Help Falling In Love - Elvis Presley Country Roads - Hermes House Band Westerland - Die Ärzte Warum hast du nicht nein gesagt - Roland Kaiser Ich war noch niemals in New York - Ich War Noch Marmor, Stein Und Eisen Bricht - Drafi Deutscher Zombie - The Cranberries Niemals In New York Ich wollte nie erwachsen sein (Nessajas Lied) - Don't Stop Believing - Journey EXPLICIT Kann Texte enthalten, die nicht für Kinder und Jugendliche geeignet sind. -
Zerohack Zer0pwn Youranonnews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men
Zerohack Zer0Pwn YourAnonNews Yevgeniy Anikin Yes Men YamaTough Xtreme x-Leader xenu xen0nymous www.oem.com.mx www.nytimes.com/pages/world/asia/index.html www.informador.com.mx www.futuregov.asia www.cronica.com.mx www.asiapacificsecuritymagazine.com Worm Wolfy Withdrawal* WillyFoReal Wikileaks IRC 88.80.16.13/9999 IRC Channel WikiLeaks WiiSpellWhy whitekidney Wells Fargo weed WallRoad w0rmware Vulnerability Vladislav Khorokhorin Visa Inc. Virus Virgin Islands "Viewpointe Archive Services, LLC" Versability Verizon Venezuela Vegas Vatican City USB US Trust US Bankcorp Uruguay Uran0n unusedcrayon United Kingdom UnicormCr3w unfittoprint unelected.org UndisclosedAnon Ukraine UGNazi ua_musti_1905 U.S. Bankcorp TYLER Turkey trosec113 Trojan Horse Trojan Trivette TriCk Tribalzer0 Transnistria transaction Traitor traffic court Tradecraft Trade Secrets "Total System Services, Inc." Topiary Top Secret Tom Stracener TibitXimer Thumb Drive Thomson Reuters TheWikiBoat thepeoplescause the_infecti0n The Unknowns The UnderTaker The Syrian electronic army The Jokerhack Thailand ThaCosmo th3j35t3r testeux1 TEST Telecomix TehWongZ Teddy Bigglesworth TeaMp0isoN TeamHav0k Team Ghost Shell Team Digi7al tdl4 taxes TARP tango down Tampa Tammy Shapiro Taiwan Tabu T0x1c t0wN T.A.R.P. Syrian Electronic Army syndiv Symantec Corporation Switzerland Swingers Club SWIFT Sweden Swan SwaggSec Swagg Security "SunGard Data Systems, Inc." Stuxnet Stringer Streamroller Stole* Sterlok SteelAnne st0rm SQLi Spyware Spying Spydevilz Spy Camera Sposed Spook Spoofing Splendide -
Time Depth in Historical Linguistics”, Edited by Colin Renfrew, April
Time Depth 1 Review of “Time Depth in Historical Linguistics”, edited by Colin Renfrew, April McMahon, and Larry Trask Brett Kessler Washington University in St. Louis Brett Kessler Psychology Department Washington University in St. Louis Campus Box 1125 One Brookings Drive St. Louis MO 63130-4899 USA Email: [email protected] FAX: 1-314-935-7588 Time Depth 2 Review of “Time Depth in Historical Linguistics”, edited by Colin Renfrew, April McMahon, and Larry Trask Time depth in historical linguistics. Ed. by Colin Renfrew, April McMahon, and Larry Trask. (Papers in the prehistory of languages.) Cambridge, England: McDonald Institute for Archaeological Research, 2000. Distributed by Oxbow Books. 2 vol. (xiv, 681 p.) paperback, 50 GBP. http://www.mcdonald.cam.ac.uk/Publications/Time-depth.htm This is a collection of 27 papers, mostly presentations at a symposium held at the McDonald Institute in 1999. Contributions focus on two related issues: methods for establishing absolute chronology, and linguistic knowledge about the remote past. Most papers are restatements of the authors’ well-known theories, but many contain innovations, and some do describe new work. The ideological balance of the collection feels just left of center. We do not find here wild multilateral phantasms, reconstructions of Proto-World vocabulary, or idylls about pre-Indo-European matriarchal society. Or not much. These are mostly sober academics pushing the envelope in attempts to reason under extreme uncertainty. One of the recurrent themes was that the development of agriculture may drive the expansion of language families and therefore imply a date for the protolanguage. Colin Renfrew describes his idea that that is what happened in the case of Indo-European (IE): PIE was introduced into Europe at an early date, perhaps 8,000 BC. -
Uncoveringhistory
People Uncovering history Nancy Grace Nancy Graceisadetectiveand storyteller who finds clues from the past. ne of the most memorable moments the 1970s. What does it feel liketobethe Ofrom Nancy Grace’s33-year career person who steps down through the ground is the time she took a4,000-year-old skeleton to find thingsthathaven’t beenseen for to the dentist. As an archaeologist, thousands of years?Grace tells The Week Gracespends her days researching Junior,“Standing on thatsurface, past human activities from thefirst person to stand on it clues that areleft behind for4,000 years, is likewhen underground. When the snow fallsand you’re astorm ripped up atree the first person to put in Dorset and revealed your foot on the snow. acrushed skeleton, Youdon’t evertakeit Graceknew she had to forgranted.” find out more. Graceisalways on the With the lower hunt for new finds at jawbone in hand, she National Trust properties headed to her dentist. An NancyGrace across the country,using old X-raymachine wasusedtofind lookingfor clues. maps and recordsaswell as out that the person had signs of gum cutting-edge technology to work out where disease. Further research showed that the historic items could be lying undiscoverreed.d. person wasroughly 26 years old when she She explains, “Wefind rubbish that LL died, about 4,000 years ago. people would have thrown away, SME ATER and Graceispartofthe archaeology team remnants of buildings that have YOUL et,G race ite i n D ors smell of at the National Trust, an organisation that fallen down, and it’slikebeing a At a s oticed the en preserves historic buildings and areasof detective looking for evidence. -
Chapter One Chapter
M01_HULI7523_05_SE_C01.QXD 12/4/09 11:37 AM Page 1 CHAPTER ONE A Connection of Brains C HAPTER O BJECTIVES This first chapter is designed to pique your facilitate understanding of the following interest in speech and language as pro- topics: cesses within the broader process we call • Definitions of communication, language, communication. We define and describe and speech these processes, and we consider how • Speech and language as separate but speech and language interact to produce a related processes form of communication unique to humans. We also consider how a speaker’s thoughts • Design features of the human communi- are conveyed to a listener’s brain through a cation system series of communication transformations • The speech chain that connects the known collectively as the speech chain. speaker’s thoughts to the listener’s Specifically, this chapter is designed to understanding of those thoughts 1 M01_HULI7523_05_SE_C01.QXD 12/4/09 11:37 AM Page 2 2 Chapter 1 he idea for Born to Talk was cultivated long before the first word of the original Tmanuscript was written, and it was probably a good thing that there was a period of latency between the concept and the product. During that latency, I* observed lan- guage development firsthand in my two daughters, Yvonne and Carmen. I learned more about the power and wonder of language in observing them than I have in all the books and all the journal articles I have read over the course of my career because I witnessed their processes of discovery. I watched and listened as they made con- nections between the world in which they were growing up and the words and lan- guage forms that spilled out of them.