Abortion: the Ultimate Exploitation of Women Acknowledgements 7 © Brian E
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Involuntary Sterilization in the United States: a Surgical Solution
VOLUME 62, No.2 THE QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY JUNE 1987 INVOLUNTARY STERILIZATION IN THE UNITED STATES: A SURGICAL SOLUTION PHILIP R. REILLY Eunice Kennedy Shriver Center, Waltham) Massachusetts 02254 USA ABSTRACT Although the eugenics movement in the United Statesflourished during the first quarter ofthe 20th Century, its roots lie in concerns over the cost ofcaring for ((defective" persons, concerns that first became manifest in the 19th Century. The history ofstate-supported programs ofinvoluntary sterili zation indicates that this ((surgical solution" persisted until the 1950s. A review of the archives ofprominent eugenicists, the records ofeugenic organizations, important legal cases, and state reports indicates that public support for the involuntary sterilization ofinsane and retarded persons was broad and sustained. During the early 1930s there was a dramatic increase in the number ofsterilizations performed upon mildly retardedyoung women. This change in policy was aproduct ofthe Depression. Institu tional officials were concerned that such women might bear children for whom they could not provide adequate parental care, and thus would put more demands on strained sodal services. There is little evidence to suggest that the excesses of the J.Vazi sterilization program (initiated in 1934) altered American programs. Data are presented here to show that a number ofstate-supported eu genic sterilization programs were quite active long after scientists had refuted the eugenic thesis. BACKGROUND lums there was growing despair as the mid century thesis (Sequin, 1846) that the retarded T THE CLOSE of the 19th Century in and insane were educable faded. About 1880, Athe United States several distinct develop physicians who were doing research into the ments coalesced to create a climate favorable causes ofidiocy and insanity developed the no to the rise of sterilization programs aimed at tion ofa "neuropathic diathesis" (Kerlin, 1881) criminals, the insane, and feebleminded per that relied on hereditary factors to explain sons. -
From Far More Different Angles: Institutions for the Mentally Retarded in the South, 1900-1940
"FROM FAR MORE DIFFERENT ANGLES": INSTITUTIONS FOR THE MENTALLY RETARDED IN THE SOUTH, 1900-1940 By STEVEN NOLL A DISSERTATION PRESENTED TO THE GRADUATE SCHOOL OF THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA 1991 To Dorothy and Fred Noll, and Tillie Braun. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS In the five years this work has consumed my life, I have accumulated more debts than I care to imagine- I can never repay them; all I can do is acknowledge them with heartfelt thanks and hope I haven't left anyone out. The financial help provided by the University of Florida Department of History was essential, for without it, this project could not have even been started, much less completed. I would also like to thank the Rockefeller Archive Center, Pocantico Hills, New York and the North Caroliniana Society of Chapel Hill, North Carolina for their travel to collection grants which enabled me to conduct much of my research. My supervising committee has provided me with guidance, support, and help at every step of the process. Special thanks to Kermit Hall, my chairman, for his faith in my abilities and his knack for discovering the truly meaningful in my work. He always found time for my harried questions, even in the middle of an incredibly busy schedule. The other committee members, Robert Hatch, Michael Radelet, Bertram Wyatt-Brown, and Robert Zieger, all provided valuable intellectual advice and guidance. Michael Radelet also proved that good teaching, good research, and social 111 activism are not mutually exclusive variables. -
With Special Thanks to Siemens for Sponsoring the Research and Interviews Required to Present This Innovation Special Section
With special thanks to Siemens for sponsoring the research and interviews required to present this innovation special section. GMA CENTENNI A L SPE C I A L Iss UE 2008 FORUM 111 A Survey of Astonishing Accomplishment To some naysayers today, “CPG What do you see? innovation” is an oxymoron, but in fact Everywhere you look, you –– we –– see CPG products that nothing could be further from the truth. make our lives easier, cleaner, lighter, brighter, safer, better nourished, more satisfying and, in so many ways, sweeter. The breadth, depth and variety of innovation in product, formulation, packaging, manufacturing, marketing, distribution, What did our grandparents see? Well? business process, collaboration and co-invention that has characterized CPG for more than a century –– and that is What is the difference? occurring inside hundreds of companies as you’re reading this –– is nothing short of mind-boggling. The difference is a century of explosively creative response to consumer needs. In a word, innovation. Why is it that this remarkable record –– this staggering difference between our choices and those available to our So, this year, 2008, the 100th Anniversary of the Grocery grandparents or great-grandparents when they were our age Manufacturers Association, we celebrate this astonishing –– doesn’t take our breath away? CPG century with a decade-by-decade overview of a barely representative few of the thousands upon thousands of remarkable THE CPG CENTURY Only, perhaps, because we are, as psychologists might say, CPG accomplishments over the past 100 years –– innovations that “habituated” –– we have lost our sense of wonder because we cover the CPG spectrum from products and advertising we recall Years of live with all these options every day. -
S.C. Education Department Is 'Very Concerned' About Mayewood
LOCAL: Best Of contest expands to Clarendon for 1st year A8 CLARENDON SUN Firefighters awarded at annual banquet A7 SERVING SOUTH CAROLINA SINCE OCTOBER 15, 1894 FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 15, 2019 75 CENTS S.C. education Punching up the confidence meter department is ‘very concerned’ about Mayewood Official letter sent to district, board chairman after reopening decision BY BRUCE MILLS [email protected] ESTIMATED COSTS TO REOPEN MAYEWOOD The state education depart- First-year costs in 2019-20: ment’s leader wrote a letter to $1 million to $1.2 million Sumter School District’s leaders Reoccurring annual costs: $360,000 expressing concerns about the to $471,000 school board’s vote Monday night to re- Source: Sumter School District administration open Mayewood Mid- dle School given the district’s recent fi- education department, told The nancial and other Sumter Item on Thursday. difficulties. After the official fiscal 2016 SPEARMAN South Carolina Su- audit report revealed the district perintendent of Edu- overspent its budget by $6.2 mil- cation Molly Spearman brought lion that year, draining its gener- up a handful of topics that are ei- al fund balance to $106,449, the ther ongoing or in the recovery state department put the district process, mainly regarding costs on a “fiscal watch” in 2017. associated with reopening and That same year, the state Legis- maintaining Mayewood and pos- lature passed a law requiring all sibly F.J DeLaine Elementary school districts to have at least School next school year. one month’s operating expendi- KAYLA ROBINS / THE SUMTER ITEM “We’re very much aware of the tures in their fund balance — Jerome Robinson owns Team Robinson MMA in Sumter, which moved into the former Jack’s issues going on in Sumter, and roughly $12 million for Sumter’s Shoes downtown in 2018. -
Accountability Toolkit. U.N. Standards on Sexual And
accountABILITY: U.N. Standards on Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights of Women and Girls with Disabilities © 2017 Women Enabled International Printed in the United States Cover image depicts three women in silhouette—one using a forearm crutch, one using a wheelchair, and one without any mobility aids—approaching a United Nations building in Geneva through a corridor of flags from countries around the world. Photo credit: “The “Allée des drapeaux” ("Flags Way") at the Palais des Nations, seat of the UN Office at Geneva (UNOG).” Photographer: Jean-Marc Ferré. Copyright © United Nations 2015. Any part of this publication may be copied, translated, or adapted with permission from the authors, provided that the parts copied are distributed free or at cost (not for profit) and Women Enabled International is acknowledged as the author. Any commercial reproduction requires prior written permission from the authors. Women Enabled International would appreciate receiving a copy of any materials in which information from this publication is used. Women Enabled International 1875 Connecticut Ave., NW, 10th Floor Washington, D.C. 20009 United States Tel. 1.202.630.3818 [email protected] www.womenenabled.org Contents Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................... ii Using this Briefing Paper .......................................................................................................... 1 Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights of Women and -
Applying the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: a Case Study of Henry Kissinger
Applying the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court: A Case Study of Henry Kissinger Steven Feldsteint TABLE OF CONTENTS Introduction .......................................... 1665 I. Background ........... ....... ..................... 1671 A . H enry Kissinger ........................................................................ 1672 B. The Development of International Humanitarian Law ............. 1675 1. Sources of International Law ............................................. 1676 2. Historical Development of International Humanitarian L aw ..................................................................................... 16 7 7 3. Post-World War 11 Efforts to Codify International Hum anitarian Principles ................................................. 1680 a. The 1948 Genocide Convention ......................................... 1680 b. The Geneva Conventions ................................................... 1682 c. United Nations Suite of Human Rights Conventions ......... 1684 C. The Development of International War Crimes Tribunals ....... 1685 1. N urem berg Tribunal ........................................................... 1685 2. IC TY and IC TR .................................................................. 1687 3. The International Criminal Court ....................................... 1688 4. U niversal Jurisdiction ......................................................... 1694 5. A lien Tort Claim s A ct ........................................................ 1695 I1. Individual Accountability -
DEADLY DELAYS Maternal Mortality in Peru a Rights-Based Approach to Safe Motherhood
DEADLY DELAYS Maternal Mortality in Peru A Rights-Based Approach to Safe Motherhood A Report by Physicians for Human Rights ©2007 Physicians for Human Rights All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-879707-54-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2007939731 Cover Photo: Christopher Drake Design: Glenn Ruga/Visual Communications, www.vizcom.org Physicians for huMan rights hysicians for Human Rights (PHR) mobilizes health As one of the original steering committee members professionals to advance the health and dignity of of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, PHR Pall people through action that promotes respect shared the 1997 Nobel Peace Prize. for, protection of, and the fulfillment of human rights. Since 1986, PHR members have worked to stop torture, Physicians for Human Rights disappearances, and political killings by governments 2 Arrow Street, Suite 301 and opposition groups and to investigate and expose Cambridge, MA 02138 violations, including deaths, injuries, and trauma inflicted Tel. (617) 301.4200 on civilians during conflicts; suffering and deprivation, Fax. (617) 301.4250 including denial of access to healthcare caused by ethnic www.physiciansforhumanrights.org and racial discrimination; mental and physical anguish inflicted on women by abuse; exploitation of children Physicians for Human Rights in labor practices; loss of life or limb from landmines 1156 15th Street, NW, Suite 1001 and other indiscriminate weapons; harsh methods of Washington, DC 20005 incarceration in prisons and detention centers, and poor Tel. (202) 728.5335 health stemming from vast inequalities in societies. PHR Fax. (202) 728.3053 has undertaken significant work on health systems and www.physiciansforhumanrights.org on healthcare workforce issues in particular. -
Upholding a 40-Year-Old Promise: Why the Texas Sonogram Act Is Unlawful According to Planned Parenthood V
Pace Law Review Volume 34 Issue 1 Winter 2014 Article 4 January 2014 Upholding a 40-Year-Old Promise: Why the Texas Sonogram Act is Unlawful According to Planned Parenthood v. Casey Vicki Toscano Nova Southeastern University Elizabeth Reiter Guttman & Wallace Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/plr Part of the Health Law and Policy Commons, Law and Gender Commons, and the State and Local Government Law Commons Recommended Citation Vicki Toscano and Elizabeth Reiter, Upholding a 40-Year-Old Promise: Why the Texas Sonogram Act is Unlawful According to Planned Parenthood v. Casey, 34 Pace L. Rev. 128 (2014) Available at: https://digitalcommons.pace.edu/plr/vol34/iss1/4 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the School of Law at DigitalCommons@Pace. It has been accepted for inclusion in Pace Law Review by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@Pace. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Upholding a 40-Year-Old Promise: Why the Texas Sonogram Act is Unlawful According to Planned Parenthood v. Casey Vicki Toscano* and Elizabeth Reiter** I. Introduction Since 2003, a woman seeking an abortion in Texas must undergo one additional medical procedure at least 24 hours prior to receiving an abortion in order for the woman’s consent to an abortion to be considered “voluntary and informed” under the law.1 Although this medical procedure may not be deemed medically necessary by physicians, the state has declared it necessary for all women seeking an abortion.2 In the early stages of pregnancy, this procedure often requires the insertion of a large probe into the vagina of the pregnant woman, even against her will.3 * Vicki Toscano is an Assistant Professor of Philosophy at Nova Southeastern University. -
Fall 2010 Pathways.Pdf
pathfinder pioneer advocacy news friends of pathfinder 14 6 2 e 5 . Gifts That Provide ofit ostag on, MA P D Miguel Gutiérrez Dear Pathfinders, Cheryl Tomchin I ermit No A Non-pr U.S. P Bost P Income to You for Life and Help Change Pathfinder’s Peru Beyond Peru, Dr. Gutiérrez has Ten years ago, world leaders gathered to make a historic promise at the United Nations Millennium Summit: The Tomchin Family drawn to Pathfinder’s work when been a strong voice for reproductive to achieve the Millennium Development Goals by 2015. While important progress has been made, the world she learned it was one of the only the Lives of Those Country Representative, rights in Latin America. The region is still not on track to fulfill its promises, most notably in one major area: improving maternal health. Why? Charitable Foundation organizations in India that delivers Dr. Miguel Gutiérrez, has high rates of unsafe abortion— In part, because our leaders are not willing to address politically sensitive topics such as abortion. made their first gift comprehensive reproductive Served by Pathfinder around 94 percent of all abortions health services for women includ- has long been an are unsafe—resulting in injury to Pathfinder in 2006 ing contraception, prenatal care, We know that unsafe abortion is one of the leading causes of maternal death. According to the WHO, nearly one-fifth, A Publication of Pathfinder International Fall 2010 and death of countless women. safe delivery, and safe abortion. advocate for safe abortion or roughly 78,000 maternal deaths annually, are the direct result of complications from unsafe abortion. -
Strengthening the Protection of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in the African Region Through Human Rights
Strengthening the protection of sexual and reproductive health and rights in the African region through human rights Editors Charles Ngwena Professor of Law, Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria Ebenezer Durojaye Associate Professor of Law, University of the Western Cape 2014 Strengthening the protection of sexual and reproductive health and rights in the African region through human rights Published by: Pretoria University Law Press (PULP) The Pretoria University Law Press (PULP) is a publisher at the Faculty of Law, University of Pretoria, South Africa. PULP endeavours to publish and make available innovative, high-quality scholarly texts on law in Africa. PULP also publishes a series of collections of legal documents related to public law in Africa, as well as text books from African countries other than South Africa. This book was peer reviewed prior to publication. For more information on PULP, see www.pulp.up.ac.za Printed and bound by: BusinessPrint, Pretoria To order, contact: PULP Faculty of Law University of Pretoria South Africa 0002 Tel: +27 12 420 4948 Fax: +27 12 362 5125 [email protected] www.pulp.up.ac.za Cover: Yolanda Booyzen, Centre for Human Rights ISBN: 978-1-920538-31-6 © 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments v Foreword: Commissioner Soyata Maiga viii (Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Women in Africa) INTRODUCTION Strengthening the protection of sexual and reproductive 1 1 health and rights in the African region through human rights: An introduction Charles Ngwena and Ebenezer Durojaye PART I: REPRODUCTIVE -
Falun Gong in China
Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal Volume 12 Issue 1 Article 6 6-2018 Cold Genocide: Falun Gong in China Maria Cheung University of Manitoba Torsten Trey Doctors Against Forced Organ Harvesting David Matas University of Manitoba Richard An EME Professional Corp Legal Services Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp Recommended Citation Cheung, Maria; Trey, Torsten; Matas, David; and An, Richard (2018) "Cold Genocide: Falun Gong in China," Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal: Vol. 12: Iss. 1: 38-62. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5038/1911-9933.12.1.1513 Available at: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/vol12/iss1/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Open Access Journals at Scholar Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal by an authorized editor of Scholar Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Cold Genocide: Falun Gong in China Acknowledgements This article is dedicated to the Chinese citizens who were innocently killed for their spiritual beliefs. This article is available in Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal: https://scholarcommons.usf.edu/gsp/vol12/iss1/6 Cold Genocide: Falun Gong in China Maria Cheung University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Torsten Trey Doctors Against Forced Organ Harvesting Washington, D.C., USA David Matas University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada Richard An York University Toronto, Ontario, Canada Introduction The classical school of genocide studies which traces back to Raphael Lemkin focuses on eradication of a group through the mass murder of its members in a short period. -
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Case 2:15-cv-01022-JJT Document 3 Filed 06/04/15 Page 1 of 31 1 Diana Salgado* Alice Clapman* David Brown* Planned Parenthood Helene T. Krasnoff* Hillary Schneller* 2 Federation of America Planned Parenthood Federation of Center for Reproductive Rights 434 W. 33rd Street, America 199 Water Street, 22nd Floor 3 New York, NY 10001 1110 Vermont Avenue NW, Suite 300 New York, NY 10038 (212) 541-7800 Washington, DC 20005 (917) 637-3600 4 [email protected] (202) 973-4800 [email protected] [email protected] [email protected] 5 Attorney for Planned [email protected] Parenthood Arizona, Inc. Attorneys for Paul A. Isaacson, M.D. Attorneys for Planned Parenthood 6 Arizona, Inc. 7 Lawrence Rosenfeld Andrew Beck* Daniel Pochoda AZ Bar No. 004426 Talcott Camp* AZ Bar No. 021979 8 Daniel B. Pasternak Brigitte Amiri* Victoria Lopez AZ Bar No. 023751 American Civil Liberties Union AZ Bar No. 330042** 9 Squire Patton Boggs (US) Foundation American Civil Liberties Union LLP 125 Broad Street, 18th Fl. Foundation of Arizona 10 1 East Washington Street, New York, NY 10004 3707 N. 7th Street, Suite 235 Suite 2700 (212) 549-2633 Phoenix, AZ 85014 11 Phoenix, AZ 85004 [email protected] (602) 650-1854 (602) 528-4000 [email protected] [email protected] 12 lawrence.rosenfeld@ [email protected] [email protected] squirepb.com 13 daniel.pasternak@ Attorneys for Eric Reuss, M.D., Attorneys for Eric Reuss, M.D., M.P.H.; squirepb.com M.P.H.; Desert Star Family Planning, Paul A. Isaacson, M.D.; Desert Star 14 LLC; DeShawn Taylor, M.D.