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Accountability Toolkit. U.N. Standards on Sexual And
accountABILITY: U.N. Standards on Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights of Women and Girls with Disabilities © 2017 Women Enabled International Printed in the United States Cover image depicts three women in silhouette—one using a forearm crutch, one using a wheelchair, and one without any mobility aids—approaching a United Nations building in Geneva through a corridor of flags from countries around the world. Photo credit: “The “Allée des drapeaux” ("Flags Way") at the Palais des Nations, seat of the UN Office at Geneva (UNOG).” Photographer: Jean-Marc Ferré. Copyright © United Nations 2015. Any part of this publication may be copied, translated, or adapted with permission from the authors, provided that the parts copied are distributed free or at cost (not for profit) and Women Enabled International is acknowledged as the author. Any commercial reproduction requires prior written permission from the authors. Women Enabled International would appreciate receiving a copy of any materials in which information from this publication is used. Women Enabled International 1875 Connecticut Ave., NW, 10th Floor Washington, D.C. 20009 United States Tel. 1.202.630.3818 [email protected] www.womenenabled.org Contents Acknowledgments ..................................................................................................................... ii Using this Briefing Paper .......................................................................................................... 1 Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights of Women and -
DEADLY DELAYS Maternal Mortality in Peru a Rights-Based Approach to Safe Motherhood
DEADLY DELAYS Maternal Mortality in Peru A Rights-Based Approach to Safe Motherhood A Report by Physicians for Human Rights ©2007 Physicians for Human Rights All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-879707-54-3 Library of Congress Control Number: 2007939731 Cover Photo: Christopher Drake Design: Glenn Ruga/Visual Communications, www.vizcom.org Physicians for huMan rights hysicians for Human Rights (PHR) mobilizes health As one of the original steering committee members professionals to advance the health and dignity of of the International Campaign to Ban Landmines, PHR Pall people through action that promotes respect shared the 1997 Nobel Peace Prize. for, protection of, and the fulfillment of human rights. Since 1986, PHR members have worked to stop torture, Physicians for Human Rights disappearances, and political killings by governments 2 Arrow Street, Suite 301 and opposition groups and to investigate and expose Cambridge, MA 02138 violations, including deaths, injuries, and trauma inflicted Tel. (617) 301.4200 on civilians during conflicts; suffering and deprivation, Fax. (617) 301.4250 including denial of access to healthcare caused by ethnic www.physiciansforhumanrights.org and racial discrimination; mental and physical anguish inflicted on women by abuse; exploitation of children Physicians for Human Rights in labor practices; loss of life or limb from landmines 1156 15th Street, NW, Suite 1001 and other indiscriminate weapons; harsh methods of Washington, DC 20005 incarceration in prisons and detention centers, and poor Tel. (202) 728.5335 health stemming from vast inequalities in societies. PHR Fax. (202) 728.3053 has undertaken significant work on health systems and www.physiciansforhumanrights.org on healthcare workforce issues in particular. -
Strengthening the Protection of Sexual and Reproductive Health and Rights in the African Region Through Human Rights
Strengthening the protection of sexual and reproductive health and rights in the African region through human rights Editors Charles Ngwena Professor of Law, Centre for Human Rights, University of Pretoria Ebenezer Durojaye Associate Professor of Law, University of the Western Cape 2014 Strengthening the protection of sexual and reproductive health and rights in the African region through human rights Published by: Pretoria University Law Press (PULP) The Pretoria University Law Press (PULP) is a publisher at the Faculty of Law, University of Pretoria, South Africa. PULP endeavours to publish and make available innovative, high-quality scholarly texts on law in Africa. PULP also publishes a series of collections of legal documents related to public law in Africa, as well as text books from African countries other than South Africa. This book was peer reviewed prior to publication. For more information on PULP, see www.pulp.up.ac.za Printed and bound by: BusinessPrint, Pretoria To order, contact: PULP Faculty of Law University of Pretoria South Africa 0002 Tel: +27 12 420 4948 Fax: +27 12 362 5125 [email protected] www.pulp.up.ac.za Cover: Yolanda Booyzen, Centre for Human Rights ISBN: 978-1-920538-31-6 © 2014 TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments v Foreword: Commissioner Soyata Maiga viii (Special Rapporteur on the Rights of Women in Africa) INTRODUCTION Strengthening the protection of sexual and reproductive 1 1 health and rights in the African region through human rights: An introduction Charles Ngwena and Ebenezer Durojaye PART I: REPRODUCTIVE -
December 15, 2015 Committee on the Rights of the Child Human Rights
December 15, 2015 Committee on the Rights of the Child Human Rights Treaties Division The Office of the High Commissioner of the United Nations on Human Rights Palais Wilson - 52, rue des Pâquis CH-1201 Geneva (Switzerland) Ref. Report for the 71st Session of the Committee on the Rights of the Child (January 11 - 29, 2016) regarding the right to sexual and reproductive health of children and adolescents in Peru. Dear members of the Committee of the Rights of the Child, In order to inform the list of issues for evaluation of the Peruvian government at the 71st session of the Committee on the Rights of the Child (January 11 to January 29, 2016); the Center of Promotion and Defense of Sexual and Reproductive Rights – PROMSEX, Planned Parenthood Federation of America, and Centro Ideas – Piura hereby submit relevant information on four issues affecting the health and the sexual and reproductive rights of children and adolescents in Peru: 1) Lack of access to emergency contraception (EC), 2) Lack of access to safe and legal abortion, which includes: therapeutic abortion, criminalization of abortion in case of rape and violation of confidentiality, 3) Lack of acknowledgment of the sexual and reproductive rights of children and adolescents and 4) Child trafficking for purposes of sexual exploitation. Sexual and reproductive rights are an important part of everyone’s rights to health, life, and dignity, but they are especially important for girls and adolescents. As such, reproductive rights receive broad protection under this Convention. Article 24 of the Convention recognizes girls’ and adolescents’ right “to the enjoyment of the highest standard of health” and requires state parties “develop family planning and education services.” Article 6 protects the right to life, and requires states to ensure children’s development “to the maximum extent possible.” Articles 19, 34, 37, and 39 require states to provide special protections against sexual abuse, to prevent cruel treatment of children, and to promote recovery for child victims of sexual abuse and exploitation. -
Clandestine Abortion in Peru, Facts and Figures
Delicia Ferrando CLANDESTINE ABORTION IN PERU Facts and Figures 2002 With Financial Support from the Ford Foundation CLANDESTINE ABORTION IN PERU Facts and Figures 1 Ferrando Delicia, Clandestine Abortion in Peru, Facts and Figures Centro de la Mujer Peruana Flora Tristán Pathfinder International (36 pp.) Lima, April 2002 Legal Reference: 1501012002-1886 ISBN: 9972-610-40-3 © Centro de la Mujer Peruana “Flora Tristán” Parque Hernán Velarde N° 42 Lima 1. Perú. Phone: (51-1) 433-1457 / 433-2765 / 433-0694 Fax: (51-1) 433-9500 E-mail: [email protected] http://www.flora.org.pe © Pathfinder International Alameda La Floresta N° 285 San Borja. Lima 41. Perú. Phone: (51-1) 3725799 Fax: (51-1) 3723992 E-mail: [email protected] Graphic Design: Juan Pablo Campana Figures: Giuliana Lombardi Copy Edit: Carla Sagástegui (Spanish) and Sheila Webb (English) Funded by the Ford Foundation 2 CLANDESTINE ABORTION IN PERU Facts and Figures Foreword hroughout the centuries, women and their partners have been constantly concerned with controlling their fertility. In former times, people’s lack of understanding of the tphysiology of reproduction led them to try a variety of methods to limit the number of children they had, including the interruption of pregnancy as a last resort. Despite the years that have passed since then and the different strategies employed, this situation has not changed. Numerous studies show that unwanted pregnancy affects women of all social classes (both from urban and rural areas) for a variety of reasons, including women’s unequal status in society, their limited possibilities for making decisions, insuffi- cient sexual and reproductive education, as well as the barriers to their access to quality, efficient reproductive health services. -
Lima, Bogotá, June 21St, 2021 Secretariat of the Committee
Lima, Bogotá, June 21st, 2021 Secretariat of the Committee against Torture Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Palais Wilson - 52, rue des Pâquis CH-1201 Geneva, Switzerland Re: Independent information for Peru’s Periodic Review scheduled for the 72nd Session of the Committee against Torture Distinguished Members of the Committee against Torture: The Center for the Promotion and Protection of Sexual and Reproductive Rights (“PROMSEX”),1 and the Center for Reproductive Rights (“the CRR”),2 in the framework of the elaboration of the list of issues prior to reporting for the Peruvian State, which will be considered during the 72nd session, present this communication to contribute to the work of the Committee against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (the “Committee”) by providing information regarding the Peruvian State’s failures to guarantee the rights of women, adolescents, and girls, protected by the Convention against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment (the “Convention”). This report is divided into six parts and addresses: (i) the Peruvian State’s restrictive interpretation of its abortion law; (ii) the lack of access to sexual and reproductive information, education, and services; (iii) the inadequate protection of maternal health, particularly the high incidence of forced pregnancies and maternal mortality; (iv) the systemic problems of gender- based violence, including sexual violence and obstetric violence; (v) the impact of COVID-19 on the rights of women and girls; and (vi) questions that PROMSEX and the CRR respectfully suggest the Committee ask the Peruvian State. I. Peru’s Restrictive Interpretation of its Abortion Law A. -
Health and Human Rights
page 1 HEALTH AND HUMAN RIGHTS HEALTH AND HUMAN RIGHTS page 2 page 3 HEALTH AND HUMAN RIGHTS HEALTH AND HUMAN RIGHTS HEALTH AND HUMAN RIGHTS INTRODUCTION Promoting and protecting health and respecting and fulfilling human rights are inextricably linked. Every country in the world is now party to at least one human rights treaty that addresses health-related rights and the conditions necessary for health. The United Nations Universal Declaration of Human Rights recognizes that “Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well- being of himself and of his family.” As part of Human Rights Watch’s long commitment to defending human rights, the organization has been reporting on issues related to health and human rights for many years. Human Rights Watch’s work has examined how such rights as freedom of speech, expression, assembly and information; freedom from discrimination and arbitrary detention; property rights; bodily autonomy, protection from violence, cruel, inhuman and degrading treatment and torture; and the right to health care intersect with the realization of the right to health. Our investigations and advocacy have particularly focused upon the health of vulnerable populations, including women, children, prisoners, displaced persons, lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender (LGBT) persons, drug users, ethnic and racial minorities, and migrant workers. The examples included in each category are not meant to represent an exhaustive list of Human Rights Watch’s publications, but highlight the issues around which Human Rights Watch’s work on health and human TABLE OF CONTENTS rights has been structured thus far. 04 IMPACT 06 EXAMPLES OF HUMAN RIGHTS WATCH’s WORK ON ISSUES OF HEALTH AND HUMAN RIGHTS 06 HIV AND TUBERCULOSIS 16 HEALTH CARE ACCESS (non‐HIV/TB RELATED) 24 SEXUAL AND REPRODUCTIVE HEALTH 28 ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 34 DISASTERS AND DISPLACED POPULATIONS Community health worker Mary Njoki examines a child during a home-based care visit March 6, 2010 in Mathare, a slum in Nairobi. -
Peru: the Impact of Sexual Violence Adolescents
RECOMMENDATIONS Because children who are victims of sexual violence cannot legally access safe abortion services or access emergency contraception, these children must choose between having an unsafe clandestine abortion or the spectrum of health risks which accompany an adolescent pregnancy. Now more than ever, an explicit recommendation towards the decriminalization of abortion in UN Photo/Evan Schneider cases of sexual violence is crucial to achieve the right to health without discrimination for Peru: The Impact of Sexual Violence adolescents. We respectfully request the Committee on the Rights of the on Children’s Reproductive Rights Child to consider addressing the following recommendation to the Peruvian government during the 71st Session: In November 2015, the Center for Reproductive Rights provided supplementary information on Peru, To rapidly approve legislation scheduled for review by the Committee on the Rights of the Child (CRC) during its 71st Session. This report that would allow for highlights Peru’s failure to comply with its obligations under the Convention on the rights of the Child (the exceptions to the abortion Convention) to respect, protect and fulfill children’s right to life, survival and development, health, and ban when pregnancy is the equality and non-discrimination, by (1) criminalizing abortion in cases of sexual violence and (2) failing to result of sexual violence or provide access to affordable sexual and reproductive health services, including emergency contraception forced insemination without without discrimination. the woman’s consent. To resume the free SEXUAL VIOLENCE AGAINST CHILDREN IN PERU distribution of emergency contraception through the Peru has the highest rate of sexual violence in South America, with 63,545 reported cases of rape between public health system. -
Abortion, an Increasing Public Health Concern in Ecuador, a 10-Year Population-Based Analysis
Journal name: Pragmatic and Observational Research Article Designation: ORIGINAL RESEARCH Year: 2017 Volume: 8 Pragmatic and Observational Research Dovepress Running head verso: Ortiz-Prado et al Running head recto: Overall mortality and morbidity rates due to abortion in Ecuador open access to scientific and medical research DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.2147/POR.S129464 Open Access Full Text Article ORIGINAL RESEARCH Abortion, an increasing public health concern in Ecuador, a 10-year population-based analysis Esteban Ortiz-Prado1–4, Objectives: To describe the epidemiology of abortion in Ecuador from 2004 to 2014 and Katherine Simbaña5,6, Lenin compare the prevalence between the public and the private health care systems. Gómez5,6, Anna M Stewart- Methods: This is a cross-sectional analysis of the overall mortality and morbidity rate due to Ibarra4,7, Lisa Scott8, abortion in Ecuador, based on public health records and other government databases. Gabriel Cevallos-Sierra9 Results: From 2004 to 2014, a total of 431,614 spontaneous abortions, miscarriage and other 1OneHealth Research Group, Faculty of types of abortions were registered in Ecuador. The average annual rate of abortion was 115 Medicine, Universidad De Las Americas, Quito, per 1,000 live births. The maternal mortality rate was found to be 43 per 100,000 live births. Ecuador; 2Department of Cellular Biology, Physiology and Immunology, Institute of Conclusions: Abortion is a significant and wide-ranging problem in Ecuador. The study sup- Biomedicine, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain; 3Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine ports the perception that in spite of legal restrictions to abortion in Ecuador, women are still For personal use only. -
Abortion Stigma, Safety & Legality
Frontiers in Women’s Health Research Article This tangled web of reproductive morbidity risk: Abortion stigma, safety & legality Bayla Ostrach* Department of Family Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Massachusetts, USA Abstract The particular combination of political-economic, legal, and sociocultural circumstances in which women seek abortion care has a significant impact on legality, and thus safety. One of the strongest determinants of abortion legality, and in turn, safety, is the degree of stigma attached to it. As such, abortion stigma should be considered, acknowledged, and addressed as a predictive factor in abortion safety and in reproductive morbidity and mortality risk. The purpose of this literature review and analysis was to identify global factors that affect the likelihood of women in a given setting being able to access safe abortion, with an eye to reducing the globally recognized public health risks of negative outcomes from illegal, clandestine, and/or unsafe abortion. Improving access to safe abortion services and reducing morbidity and mortality related to unsafe abortion is critical to public health worldwide. Women, particularly from marginalized populations, have more access to safe abortion where the procedure is: 1) subject to fewer legal restrictions, 2) less stigmatized, and 3) covered by a public health system that offers at least some level of health care to all or most residents. Addressing the various factors that interfere with women’s ability to access safe abortion and those that stem from and contribute to abortion-related stigma in particular, is necessary to reduce reproductive morbidity and mortality and improve reproductive health internationally. To successfully advocate for improvements in women’s health globally demands a greater understanding of the multi-faceted causes and predictors of abortion stigma, abortion illegality, and the related increased likelihood of unsafe abortion. -
Unsafe Abortion Breaking the Silence: the Global Gag Rule’S Impact on Unsafe Abortion
Breaking the Silence The Global Gag Rule’s Impact on Unsafe Abortion Breaking the Silence: The Global Gag Rule’s Impact on Unsafe Abortion Published by: The Center for Reproductive Rights 120 Wall Street New York, NY 10005 U.S.A. Formerly the Center for Reproductive Law and Policy ©2003 The Center for Reproductive Rights. Any part of this report may be copied, translated, or adapted with permission from the Center for Reproductive Rights, provided that the parts copied are distributed free or at cost (not for profit) and the Center for Reproductive Rights is acknowledged as the author. Any commercial reproduction requires prior written permission from the Center. The Center for Reproductive Rights would appre- ciate receiving a copy of any materials in which information from this report is used. Acknowledgements The research for this report was conducted in Africa by Tzili Mor and Patty Skuster of the Center for Reproductive Rights, and in Peru by Susana Chavez and Marianne Mollman of Centro de la Mujer Peruana Flora Tristán. The report was written by Julia Ernst and Tzili Mor. It was edited by Anaga Dalal, Kathy Hall-Martinez and Shannon Kowalski-Morton, with further editorial input from Molly Diachok and Priscilla Smith. The report was designed by Deborah Dudley. Cover photo by Elizabeth Gilbert for the David and Lucile Packard Foundation Photo Archive. Invaluable comments were provided by Barbara Crane of Ipas and Wendy Turnbull of Population Action International, with assistance from Valerie DeFillipo of Planned Parenthood of America Global Partners and Susan Cohen of The Alan Guttmacher Institute. -
V. Obstacles to Therapeutic Abortion
Peru My Rights, HUMAN RIGHTS and My Right to Know WATCH Acc ess to Therapeutic Abortion in Peru My Rights, and My Right to Know Lack of Access to Therapeutic Abortion in Peru Copyright © 2008 Human Rights Watch All rights reserved. Printed in the United States of America ISBN: 1-56432-347-1 Cover design by Rafael Jimenez Human Rights Watch 350 Fifth Avenue, 34th floor New York, NY 10118-3299 USA Tel: +1 212 290 4700, Fax: +1 212 736 1300 [email protected] Poststraße 4-5 10178 Berlin, Germany Tel: +49 30 2593 06-10, Fax: +49 30 2593 0629 [email protected] Avenue des Gaulois, 7 1040 Brussels, Belgium Tel: + 32 (2) 732 2009, Fax: + 32 (2) 732 0471 [email protected] 64-66 Rue de Lausanne 1202 Geneva, Switzerland Tel: +41 22 738 0481, Fax: +41 22 738 1791 [email protected] 2-12 Pentonville Road, 2nd Floor London N1 9HF, UK Tel: +44 20 7713 1995, Fax: +44 20 7713 1800 [email protected] 27 Rue de Lisbonne 75008 Paris, France Tel: +33 (1)43 59 55 35, Fax: +33 (1) 43 59 55 22 [email protected] 1630 Connecticut Avenue, N.W., Suite 500 Washington, DC 20009 USA Tel: +1 202 612 4321, Fax: +1 202 612 4333 [email protected] Web Site Address: http://www.hrw.org July 2008 1-56432-347-1 My Rights, and My Right to Know Lack of Access to Therapeutic Abortion in Peru I. Summary and Key Recommendations.................................................................... 1 II. Methodology........................................................................................................5 III. Background.........................................................................................................7 Maternal mortality and morbidity in Peru.............................................................7 Abortion prevalence and conditions warranting therapeutic abortion ................