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DOVE PDF, EPUB, EBOOK Robin Lee Graham,Derek L.T. Gill | 240 pages | 13 Sep 2011 | HarperCollins Publishers Inc | 9780060920470 | English | New York, NY, United States Dove | Definition of Dove at Facebook Twitter. Give Feedback External Websites. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article requires login. External Websites. The Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica Encyclopaedia Britannica's editors oversee subject areas in which they have extensive knowledge, whether from years of experience gained by working on that content or via study for an advanced degree See Article History. Britannica Quiz. Destination Africa: Fact or Fiction? Learn More in these related Britannica articles:. Domestic pigeon , Columba livia , bird of the family Columbidae order Columbiformes that was perhaps the first bird tamed by man. Figurines, mosaics, and coins have portrayed the domestic pigeon since at least bc Mesopotamia. From Egyptian times the pigeon has been important as food. Dove is primarily made from synthetic surfactants , vegetable oils such as palm kernel and salts of animal fats tallow. In some countries, Dove is derived from tallow, and for this reason it is not considered vegan , unlike vegetable oil based soaps. The campaign has been criticized as hypocritical in light of the highly sexualized images of women presented in the advertising of Axe , which, like Dove, is produced by Unilever. In May , Dove prompted criticism and accusations of racism after publishing an advert for their body wash showing three women with different skin tones side by side in front of a "before and after" image of cracked and smooth skin, with a black woman below the "before" and a white woman below the "after". In October , a three second video for Dove body lotion posted on their page on Facebook in the United States prompted criticism and accusations of racism. The full thirty second television advert version included seven women of different races and ages. From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia. For other uses, see Dove disambiguation. Main article: Dove Campaign for Real Beauty. Retrieved 15 May US News and World Report. Retrieved 21 January Retrieved Lola Ogunyemi: I am the woman in the 'racist Dove ad'. I am not a victim , The Guardian , 8 October Dove ad viewed more than 3 million times on YouTube. Dove - Simple English Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia Columbidae is a bird family consisting of pigeons and doves. It is the only family in the order Columbiformes. These are stout-bodied birds with short necks, and short slender bills that in some species feature fleshy ceres. They primarily feed on seeds, fruits, and plants. The family occurs worldwide, but the greatest variety is in the Indomalayan and Australasian realms. The family contains species divided into 50 genera. Thirteen of the species are extinct. In English , the smaller species tend to be called "doves" and the larger ones "pigeons". For example, the woodpigeon is often referred to, by another name, as the ringdove, due to the white markings on its neck. The bird most commonly referred to as just "pigeon" is the domestic pigeon , which is common in many cities as the feral pigeon. Pigeon is a French word that derives from the Latin pipio , for a "peeping" chick, [4] while dove is a Germanic word that refers to the bird's diving flight. Doves and pigeons build relatively flimsy nests, often using sticks and other debris, which may be placed on branches of trees, on ledges, or on the ground, depending on species. They lay one or usually two white eggs at a time, and both parents care for the young, which leave the nest after 25 —32 days. Unfledged baby doves and pigeons are called squabs and are generally able to fly by 5 weeks of age. These fledglings, with their immature squeaking voices, are called squeakers once they are weaned or weaning. The name Columbidae for the family was introduced by the English zoologist William Elford Leach in a guide to the contents of the British Museum published in The sandgrouse Pteroclidae were formerly placed here, but were moved to a separate order Pterocliformes based on anatomical differences e. The Columbidae are usually divided into five subfamilies, probably inaccurately. The arrangement of genera and naming of subfamilies is in some cases provisional because analyses of different DNA sequences yield results that differ, often radically, in the placement of certain mainly Indo-Australian genera. The family Columbidae previously also contained the family Raphidae , consisting of the extinct Rodrigues solitaire and the dodo. Therefore, they are here included as a subfamily Raphinae , pending better material evidence of their exact relationships. Exacerbating these issues, columbids are not well represented in the fossil record. Taxonomy based on the work by John H. Boyd, III, [31] a professor of economics. Starnoenas Blue-headed quail-doves. Leptotrygon olive-backed quail-dove. Uropelia long-tailed ground dove. Columbina [ Scardafella ]. Ocyphaps Crested pigeon. Leucosarcia Wonga pigeon. Trugon thick-billed ground pigeon. Otidiphaps pheasant pigeon. Goura Crowned pigeon. Phapitreron Brown doves. Lopholaimus Topknot pigeon. Cryptophaps Sombre pigeon. Gymnophaps Mountain pigeons. Pigeons and doves exhibit considerable variation in size, ranging in length from 15 to 75 centimetres 5. Overall, the anatomy of Columbidae is characterized by short legs, short bills with a fleshy cere , and small heads on large, compact bodies. In a series of experiments in by Dr. Mark B. Friedman, using doves, their characteristic head bobbing was shown to be due to their natural desire to keep their vision constant. Barrie J. Frost, in which pigeons were placed on treadmills ; it was observed that they did not bob their heads, as their surroundings were constant. Columbidae have unique body feathers , with the shaft being generally broad, strong, and flattened, tapering to a fine point, abruptly. The plumage of the family is variable. Pigeons and doves may be sexually monochromatic or dichromatic. Columbidae are excellent fliers due to the lift provided by their large wings, which results in low wing loading ; [51] They are highly maneuverable in flight [52] and have a low aspect ratio due to the width of their wings, allowing for quick flight launches and ability to escape from predators, but at a high energy cost. Pigeons and doves are distributed everywhere on Earth, except for the driest areas of the Sahara Desert , Antarctica and its surrounding islands, and the high Arctic. The family has adapted to most of the habitats available on the planet. These species may be arboreal, terrestrial , or semi-terrestrial. Various species also inhabit savanna , grassland , desert , temperate woodland and forest, mangrove forest , and even the barren sands and gravels of atolls. Some species have large natural ranges. The eared dove ranges across the entirety of South America from Colombia to Tierra del Fuego , [55] the Eurasian collared dove has a massive if discontinuous distribution from Britain across Europe , the Middle East , India, Pakistan and China, [56] and the laughing dove across most of sub-Saharan Africa , as well as India, Pakistan, and the Middle East. The whistling dove is endemic to the tiny Kadavu Island in Fiji, [58] the Caroline ground dove is restricted to two islands, Truk and Pohnpei in the Caroline Islands , [59] and the Grenada dove is restricted to Grenada in the Caribbean. The largest range of any species is that of the rock dove. Male pigeons are more opportunistic to mate with another female. Seeds and fruit form the major component of the diets of pigeons and doves. In addition to fruit and seeds, a number of other food items are taken by many species. Some, particularly the ground doves and quail-doves, eat a large number of prey items such as insects and worms. While many species of pigeons and doves have benefited from human activities and have increased their ranges, many other species have declined in numbers and some have become threatened or even succumbed to extinction. The passenger pigeon was exceptional for a number of reasons. In modern times, it is the only pigeon species that was not an island species to have become extinct [69] even though it was once the most numerous species of bird on Earth. The dodo, and its extinction, was more typical of the extinctions of pigeons in the past. Like many species that colonise remote islands with few predators, it lost much of its predator avoidance behaviour , along with its ability to fly. All of the species are threatened by introduced predators, habitat loss, hunting, or a combination of these factors. Various conservation techniques are employed to prevent these extinctions, including laws and regulations to control hunting pressure, the establishment of protected areas to prevent further habitat loss, the establishment of captive populations for reintroduction back into the wild ex situ conservation , and the translocation of individuals to suitable habitats to create additional populations. They were also awarded with various laurels throughout, for their service. A grand ceremony was held in Buckingham Palace to commemorate a platoon of pigeons that braved the battlefields of Normandy to deliver vital plans to Allied forces on the fringes of Germany. The rock pigeon has been domesticated for hundreds of years. Domesticated rock pigeons are also bred as carrier pigeons , [50] used for thousands of years to carry brief written messages, [85] and release doves used in ceremonies. In ancient Mesopotamia , doves were prominent animal symbols of Inanna-Ishtar , the goddess of love, sexuality, and war. In the ancient Levant , doves were used as symbols for the Canaanite mother goddess Asherah. In the Hebrew Bible , doves or young pigeons are acceptable burnt offerings for those who cannot afford a more expensive animal. Seven days later, he sent it again and it came back with an olive branch in her mouth, indicating the waters had receded enough for an olive tree to grow.