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Sediment Dispersal and Sequence Development Along a Tectonically Active Margin: Late Quaternary Evolution of the Ganges-Brahmaputra River Delta

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Sediment Dispersal and Sequence Development Along a Tectonically Active Margin: Late Quaternary Evolution of the Ganges-Brahmaputra River Delta W&M ScholarWorks Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects 1999 Sediment dispersal and sequence development along a tectonically active margin: Late Quaternary evolution of the Ganges-Brahmaputra River delta Steven Lee Goodbred Jr. College of William & Mary - Arts & Sciences Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.wm.edu/etd Part of the Geology Commons, and the Geophysics and Seismology Commons Recommended Citation Goodbred, Steven Lee Jr., "Sediment dispersal and sequence development along a tectonically active margin: Late Quaternary evolution of the Ganges-Brahmaputra River delta" (1999). Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects. Paper 1539623939. https://dx.doi.org/doi:10.21220/s2-rf60-pr52 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Theses, Dissertations, & Master Projects at W&M ScholarWorks. It has been accepted for inclusion in Dissertations, Theses, and Masters Projects by an authorized administrator of W&M ScholarWorks. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter free, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if unauthorized copyright material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. Oversize materials (e.g., maps, drawings, charts) are reproduced by sectioning the original, beginning at the upper left-hand comer and continuing from left to right in equal sections with small overlaps. Each original is also photographed in one exposure and is included in reduced form at the back of the book. Photographs included in the original manuscript have been reproduced xerographically in this copy. Higher quality 6” x 9” black and white photographic prints are available for any photographs or illustrations appearing in this copy for an additional charge. Contact UMI directly to order. UMI A Bell & Howell Information Company 300 North Zed) Road, Ann Arbor MI 48106-1346 USA 313/761-4700 800/521-0600 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with with permission permission of the of copyright the copyright owner. owner.Further reproductionFurther reproduction prohibited without prohibited permission. without permission. NOTE TO USERS The original manuscript received by UMI contains pages with indistinct, light, broken, and/or slanted print. Pages were microfilmed as received. This reproduction is the best copy available UMI Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. Reproduced with with permission permission of the of copyright the copyright owner. owner.Further reproductionFurther reproduction prohibited without prohibited permission. without permission. SEDIMENT DISPERSAL AND SEQUENCE DEVELOPMENT ALONG A TECTONICALLY ACTIVE MARGIN: LATE QUATERNARY EVOLUTION OF THE GANGES-BRAHMAPUTRA RTVER DELTA A Dissertation Presented to The Faculty of the School of Marine Science The College of William and Mary in Virginia In Partial Fulfillment Of the Requirements for the Degree of Doctor of Philosophy by Steven L. Goodbred, Jr. 1999 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. UMI Numbers 9921486 UMI Microform 9921486 Copyright 1999, by UMI Company. All rights reserved. This microform edition is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. UMI 300 North Zeeb Road Ann Arbor, MI 48103 Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. APPROVAL SHEET This dissertation is submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Steven L. TJoodbred, Jl Approved, March 1999 S i a7 Kttdhl, Ph.D. littee Chairman/Advisor <folm D. Milliman, Ph.D. Catherine J. Chisholm-Brause, Ph.D. Mark R. Patterson, Ph.D. Sarah E. Kruse, Ph.D. University of South Honda Tampa, Florida ii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS.................................................................................................v LIST OF TABLES..............................................................................................................vi LIST OF FIGURES .......................................................................................................... vii ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................... ix INTRODUCTION .............................................................................................................. 2 References .......................................................................................................................5 CHAPTER 1: Modem Floodplain Accretion ...................................................................... 6 Abstract ......................................................................................................................... 6 Introduction .................................................................................................................. 7 Geologic Setting............................................................................................................9 Methods ...................................................................................................................... 13 Results ........................................................................................................................ 15 Discussion ....................................................................................................................25 Conclusions ................................................................................................................. 41 References ....................................................................................................................43 CHAPTER 2: Holocene and Modem Sediment Budgets .................................................. 48 Abstract........................................................................................................................ 48 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 49 Geologic Setting...........................................................................................................50 Methods ........................................................................................................................ 52 Fluvial Sediment Budget .............................................................................................. 54 iii Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. iv Discussion .................................................................................................................... 59 References .................................................................................................................... 61 CHAPTER 3: Late Quaternary Delta Evolution ................................................................. 66 Abstract........................................................................................................................ 66 Introduction ................................................................................................................. 67 Geologic Setting.......................................................................................................... 69 Methods ........................................................................................................................ 71 Stratigraphy and Facies Descriptions ........................................................................... 73 Discussion .................................................................................................................... 84 Implications for Delta Models ...................................................................................... 92 Summary and Conclusions ..........................................................................................101 References ....................................................................................................................103 CHAPTER 4: Late Holocene Delta Facies and Development ...........................................112 Abstract........................................................................................................................112 Introduction .................................................................................................................113 Background .................................................................................................................114 Methods ........................................................................................................................116 Results ........................................................................................................................
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