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Vera Menchik 1927-1937

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Vera Menchik 1927-1937 VeraVera MenchikMenchik 1927-19371927-1937 ChampionneChampionne dudu mondemonde n°1n°1 SoviétiqueSoviétique (Russie,(Russie, 19061906 –– Angleterre,Angleterre, 1944)1944) D'unD'un pèrepère tchèquetchèque etet d'uned'une mèremère anglaise,anglaise, elleelle apprendapprend àà jouerjouer àà 99 ans.ans. ElleElle s'installes'installe enen AngleterreAngleterre enen 1921,1921, annéeannée oùoù elleelle remporteremporte lele championnatchampionnat fémininféminin d'Angleterre.d'Angleterre. EnEn 1927,1927, âgéeâgée dede 2121 ans,ans, VeraVera remporteremporte largementlargement lele premierpremier championnatchampionnat dudu mondemonde fémininféminin àà Londres.Londres. ElleElle ferafera dede mêmemême lorslors desdes 66 suivantssuivants avecavec unun totaltotal dede 7878 victoires,victoires, 44 nullesnulles etet 11 défaitedéfaite !! PeuPeu enclineencline àà attaquer,attaquer, VeraVera MenchikMenchik préféraitpréférait convertirconvertir dede petitspetits avantagesavantages enen gains.gains. ElleElle restaresta championnechampionne dudu mondemonde durantdurant 1717 ansans jusqu'àjusqu'à sasa mortmort enen 19441944 durantdurant unun bombardementbombardement enen Angleterre.Angleterre. Les blancs jouent et gagnent. Vera Menchik – Sonja Graf 1937 1-0 Portraits de joueuses LyudmilaLyudmila RudenkoRudenko 19501950 -- 19531953 ChampionneChampionne dudu mondemonde n°2n°2 SoviétiqueSoviétique (Russie,(Russie, 19071907 –– Ukraine,Ukraine, 1986)1986) ElleElle appritapprit àà jouerjouer àà 1010 ansans bienbien qu'ellequ'elle sese consacraconsacra plusplus sérieusementsérieusement àà lala natation.natation. CeCe n'estn'est qu'enqu'en 19251925 aprèsaprès avoiravoir déménagédéménagé àà MoscouMoscou qu'ellequ'elle commencecommence àà disputerdisputer desdes tournoistournois d'échecs,d'échecs, maismais elleelle n'atteindran'atteindra l'élitel'élite mondialemondiale féminineféminine queque dansdans lesles annéesannées 40.40. DurantDurant lala secondeseconde guerreguerre mondiale,mondiale, elleelle sese distinguedistingue enen organisantorganisant l'évacuationl'évacuation d'enfantsd'enfants lorslors dudu siègesiège dede Leningrad.Leningrad. LorsLors dudu championnatchampionnat dudu mondemonde dede 1950,1950, pourpour succédersuccéder àà VeraVera Menchik,Menchik, elleelle remporteremporte lele titretitre devantdevant 1515 autresautres joueusesjoueuses (+9(+9 =5=5 -1).-1). Les blancs jouent et gagnent. Rudenko – Bruce 1946 1-0 Portraits de joueuses ElisabethElisabeth BykovaBykova 19531953 -- 56,195856,1958 -- 6262 ChampionneChampionne dudu mondemonde n°3n°3 SoviétiqueSoviétique (Russie,(Russie, 19131913 –– Russie,Russie, 1989)1989) ElleElle futfut championnechampionne dede MoscouMoscou enen 19381938 etet terminatermina dansdans lesles 44 premièrespremières dudu championnatchampionnat dudu mondemonde dede 1950.1950. ElleElle devintdevint championnechampionne dudu mondemonde enen 19531953 enen battantbattant enen matchmatch LyudmilaLyudmila RudenkoRudenko (+7=2-5).(+7=2-5). ElleElle dutdut s'incliners'incliner enen 19561956 auau profitprofit dede RubtsovaRubtsova maismais récupérarécupéra sonson titretitre enen 19581958 enen lala battantbattant (+7=3-4).(+7=3-4). EnEn 1962,1962, elleelle devradevra cédercéder sonson titretitre définitivementdéfinitivement faceface àà NonaNona Gaprindashvili,Gaprindashvili, sanssans pouvoirpouvoir remporterremporter uneune seuleseule partie.partie. TripleTriple championnechampionne dede RussieRussie (en(en 1947,1947, 19481948 etet 1950),1950), ingénieureingénieure àà Moscou,Moscou, elleelle futfut égalementégalement auteureauteure etet chroniqueusechroniqueuse d'échecs.d'échecs. Les noirs jouent et gagnent. Rubtsova - Bykova 1958 0-1 Portraits de joueuses OlgaOlga RubstovaRubstova 19561956 -- 19581958 ChampionneChampionne dudu mondemonde n°4n°4 SoviétiqueSoviétique (Russie,1909(Russie,1909 –– Russie,1994)Russie,1994) ChallengerChallenger pourpour lesles championnatschampionnats dudu mondemonde àà partirpartir dede 1949-19501949-1950 (2(2e derrièrederrière Rudenko),Rudenko), elleelle devientdevient championnechampionne dudu mondemonde enen 19561956 enen remportantremportant unun matchmatch àà 3,3, devançantdevançant BykovaBykova dede 0,50,5 pointpoint etet RudenkoRudenko dede 5,55,5 points.points. ElleElle doitdoit cédercéder sonson titretitre contrecontre lala mêmemême BykovaBykova enen 1958.1958. ElleElle futfut plusieursplusieurs foisfois championnechampionne d'URSS.d'URSS. EnEn 1972,1972, elleelle devientdevient championnechampionne dudu mondemonde parpar correspondance.correspondance. ElleElle estest ainsiainsi lala seule,seule, hommeshommes etet femmesfemmes confondus,confondus, àà avoiravoir obtenuobtenu lele titretitre dede championnechampionne dede mondemonde àà lala foisfois devantdevant l'échiquierl'échiquier etet parpar correspondance.correspondance. Les blancs jouent et gagnent. Rubtsova - Bykova 1958 1-0 Portraits de joueuses NonaNona GaprindashviliGaprindashvili 19621962 -- 19781978 ChampionneChampionne dudu mondemonde n°5n°5 GéorgienneGéorgienne (Géorgie,1941)(Géorgie,1941) ElleElle remporteremporte lele tournoitournoi desdes candidatescandidates àà l'âgel'âge dede 2020 ansans etet devientdevient championnechampionne dudu mondemonde enen 19621962 enen battantbattant facilementfacilement ElisabethElisabeth BykovaBykova (+7=4-0).(+7=4-0). ElleElle défenddéfend sonson titretitre victorieusementvictorieusement àà 44 reprises.reprises. ElleElle doitdoit pourtantpourtant s'incliners'incliner enen 19781978 contrecontre lala jeunejeune Chiburdanidzé.Chiburdanidzé. EnEn 19951995 etet 2002,2002, elleelle estest championnechampionne dudu mondemonde senior.senior. ElleElle aa obtenuobtenu lesles titrestitres dede MaîtreMaître féminin,féminin, Maître,Maître, GrandGrand MaîtreMaître féminin,féminin, etet finalementfinalement GrandGrand MaîtreMaître enen 1978,1978, devenantdevenant ainsiainsi lala 11ère joueusejoueuse àà lele devenirdevenir (même(même sisi lesles critèrescritères techniquestechniques habituelshabituels n'étaientn'étaient paspas remplis).remplis). Les blancs jouent et gagnent. Gaprindashvili - Bykova 1962 1-0 Portraits de joueuses MaïaMaïa ChiburdanidzeChiburdanidze 19791979 -- 19911991 ChampionneChampionne dudu mondemonde n°6n°6 GéorgienneGéorgienne (Géorgie,(Géorgie, 1961)1961) AA l'âgel'âge dede 1515 ans,ans, elleelle remporteremporte lele tournoitournoi desdes candidates.candidates. EnEn 1978,1978, àà 1717 ansans elleelle affronteaffronte doncdonc GaprindashviliGaprindashvili etet devientdevient championnechampionne dudu mondemonde enen gagnantgagnant 8,5-6,5.8,5-6,5. ElleElle défenddéfend sonson titretitre avecavec succèssuccès àà 44 reprises.reprises. ElleElle devientdevient MaîtreMaître fémininféminin àà 1313 ansans etet MaîtreMaître àà 1717 ans.ans. EnEn 1984,1984, àà 2323 ans,ans, elleelle devientdevient lala 22e joueusejoueuse àà obtenirobtenir lele titretitre dede GrandGrand MaîtreMaître etet dèsdès lorslors toutestoutes lesles championneschampionnes dudu mondemonde obtiendrontobtiendront cece titre.titre. QuandQuand elleelle sese retireretire desdes compétitionscompétitions internationalesinternationales enen marsmars 2012,2012, elleelle estest encoreencore 1616e joueusejoueuse mondialemondiale avecavec 25002500 pointspoints Elo.Elo. Les blancs jouent et gagnent. Chiburdanidze - Levitina 1992 1-0 Portraits de joueuses XieXie JunJun 19911991 –– 96,96, 19981998 -- 20012001 ChampionneChampionne dudu mondemonde n°7n°7 ChinoiseChinoise (Chine,(Chine, 1970)1970) ElleElle aa commencécommencé àà 66 ansans parpar lele XiangqiXiangqi (échecs(échecs chinois)chinois) avantavant dede sese mettremettre auxaux échecséchecs àà 1010 ans.ans. ElleElle estest devenuedevenue GrandGrand MaîtreMaître enen 1995.1995. ElleElle estest championnechampionne dede ChineChine enen 19841984 etet 22e dudu championnatchampionnat dudu mondemonde juniorjunior enen 1988.1988. EnEn 1991,1991, àà l'âgel'âge dede 2121 ans,ans, elleelle batbat ChiburdanidzeChiburdanidze 8,5-6,58,5-6,5 etet devientdevient championnechampionne dudu monde.monde. ElleElle défenddéfend sonson titretitre enen 19931993 maismais s'inclines'incline contrecontre S.S. PolgarPolgar enen 1996.1996. ElleElle profiteprofite dudu forfaitforfait dede PolgarPolgar pourpour récupèrerrécupèrer sonson titretitre enen 1998.1998. ElleElle aa obtenuobtenu unun doctoratdoctorat dede psychologiepsychologie etet occupeoccupe unun posteposte officielofficiel dansdans l’organisationl’organisation dudu sportsport enen Chine.Chine. Les blancs jouent et gagnent. Xie Jun - Chiburdanidze 1991 1-0 Portraits de joueuses SusanSusan PolgarPolgar 19961996 -- 19991999 ChampionneChampionne dudu mondemonde n°8n°8 HongroiseHongroise (Hongrie,(Hongrie, 1969)1969) ElleElle estest l’aînéel’aînée d'uned'une famillefamille dede 33 fillesfilles entraînéesentraînées auxaux échecséchecs trèstrès jeunesjeunes parpar leurleur pèrepère quiqui veutveut prouverprouver queque « Le« Le géniegénie estest acquisacquis paspas inné. »inné. » AA 44 ans,ans, elleelle estest championnechampionne dede HongrieHongrie desdes moinsmoins dede 1111 ans.ans. AA 12,12, elleelle remporteremporte lele championnatchampionnat dudu mondemonde fémininféminin desdes moinsmoins dede 1616 ans.ans. AA 1515 ,, elleelle devientdevient 11ère joueusejoueuse mondialemondiale auau classementclassement FIDE.FIDE. EnEn 1991,1991, elleelle estest lala 11ère joueusejoueuse àà obtenirobtenir lele titretitre dede GrandGrand MaîtreMaître selonselon lesles critèrescritères officiels.officiels. EnEn 1996,1996, elleelle obtientobtient lele titretitre
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