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Asian Carps of the Genus Hypophthalmichthys (Pisces, Cyprinidae) •Ł a Biological Synopsis and Environmental Risk Assessment

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Asian Carps of the Genus Hypophthalmichthys (Pisces, Cyprinidae) •Ł a Biological Synopsis and Environmental Risk Assessment University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Wildlife Damage Management, Internet Center National Invasive Species Council materials for 2005 Asian Carps of the Genus Hypophthalmichthys (Pisces, Cyprinidae) ― A Biological Synopsis and Environmental Risk Assessment Cindy S. Kolar U.S. Geological Survey Duane C. Chapman U.S. Geological Survey Walter R. Courtenay Jr. U.S. Geological Survey Christine M. Housel U.S. Geological Survey James D. Williams U.S. Geological Survey See next page for additional authors Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/natlinvasive Part of the Environmental Indicators and Impact Assessment Commons Kolar, Cindy S.; Chapman, Duane C.; Courtenay, Walter R. Jr.; Housel, Christine M.; Williams, James D.; and Jennings, Dawn P., "Asian Carps of the Genus Hypophthalmichthys (Pisces, Cyprinidae) ― A Biological Synopsis and Environmental Risk Assessment" (2005). National Invasive Species Council materials. 5. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/natlinvasive/5 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Wildlife Damage Management, Internet Center for at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in National Invasive Species Council materials by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Authors Cindy S. Kolar, Duane C. Chapman, Walter R. Courtenay Jr., Christine M. Housel, James D. Williams, and Dawn P. Jennings This article is available at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/ natlinvasive/5 Asian Carps of the Genus Hypophthalmichthys (Pisces, Cyprinidae) ― A Biological Synopsis and Environmental Risk Assessment Cindy S. Kolar U.S. Geological Survey Upper Midwest Environmental Sciences Center 2630 Fanta Reed Road La Crosse, Wisconsin 54603-1223 Duane C. Chapman U.S. Geological Survey Columbia Environmental Research Center 4200 New Haven Road Columbia, Missouri 65201-8709 Walter R. Courtenay, Jr., Christine M. Housel, James D. Williams U.S. Geological Survey Center for Aquatic Resources Studies 7920 NW 71st Street Gainesville, Florida 32653-3071 and Dawn P. Jennings U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service North Florida Field Office 6620 Southpoint Drive South, Suite 310 Jacksonville, Florida 32216-0958 April 12, 2005 Report to U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service per Interagency Agreement 94400-3-0128 ii Contents Introduction..................................................................................................................................... 1 Genus and Species Description and Distinguishing Characteristics............................................... 2 Genus: Hypophthalmichthys (Bleeker 1860).................................................................. 2 Diagnostic Characteristics ..........................................................................................3 Species: Bighead Carp, Hypophthalmichthys nobilis (Richardson 1845) ....................... 3 Diagnostic Characteristics ..........................................................................................4 Species: Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix (Valenciennes 1844)...................... 5 Diagnostic Characteristics ..........................................................................................5 Species: Largescale Silver Carp, Hypophthalmichthys harmandi (Sauvage 1884)......... 8 Diagnostic Characteristics ..........................................................................................8 Hybrids of Hypophthalmichthys spp................................................................................ 9 Native Range................................................................................................................................. 10 Bighead Carp ................................................................................................................. 10 Silver Carp ..................................................................................................................... 12 Largescale Silver Carp................................................................................................... 13 Habitats, Migrations, and Local Movements................................................................. 14 Bighead Carp ................................................................................................................. 14 Silver Carp ..................................................................................................................... 17 Largescale Silver Carp................................................................................................... 19 Biology and Natural History......................................................................................................... 19 Temperature Tolerance .................................................................................................. 19 Bighead Carp ............................................................................................................19 Silver Carp ................................................................................................................20 Largescale Silver Carp..............................................................................................20 Salinity Tolerance .......................................................................................................... 21 Bighead Carp ............................................................................................................21 Silver Carp ................................................................................................................21 Largescale Silver Carp..............................................................................................22 Reproductive Biology .................................................................................................... 22 Fecundity...................................................................................................................22 Bighead Carp ..................................................................................................... 22 Silver Carp ......................................................................................................... 22 Largescale Silver Carp....................................................................................... 23 Sexual Maturity and Mating Behavior......................................................................23 Bighead Carp ..................................................................................................... 23 Silver Carp ......................................................................................................... 23 Largescale Silver Carp....................................................................................... 24 Spawning...................................................................................................................24 Bighead Carp ..................................................................................................... 24 Silver Carp ......................................................................................................... 25 Bighead and Silver Carps................................................................................... 26 Largescale Silver Carp....................................................................................... 27 Early Development ...................................................................................................27 Bighead Carp ..................................................................................................... 27 Silver Carp ......................................................................................................... 28 ii Largescale Silver Carp....................................................................................... 29 Feeding Habits ............................................................................................................... 29 Bighead Carp ............................................................................................................29 Silver Carp ................................................................................................................33 Largescale Silver Carp..............................................................................................37 Growth Rate and Longevity........................................................................................... 38 Bighead Carp ............................................................................................................38 Silver Carp ................................................................................................................40 Largescale Silver Carp..............................................................................................41 Response to Physical Stimuli......................................................................................... 42 Bighead Carp ............................................................................................................42 Silver Carp ................................................................................................................42 Largescale Silver Carp..............................................................................................44 Associated Diseases and Parasites................................................................................................ 44 Bighead Carp
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