Contested Representations in Contemporary Art

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Contested Representations in Contemporary Art Western University Scholarship@Western Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository 5-11-2015 12:00 AM Standing For Something Not Present: Contested Representations in Contemporary Art Trista E. Mallory The University of Western Ontario Supervisor Dr. Bridget Elliott The University of Western Ontario Graduate Program in Art and Visual Culture A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the equirr ements for the degree in Doctor of Philosophy © Trista E. Mallory 2015 Follow this and additional works at: https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd Part of the Contemporary Art Commons, Theory and Criticism Commons, and the Visual Studies Commons Recommended Citation Mallory, Trista E., "Standing For Something Not Present: Contested Representations in Contemporary Art" (2015). Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository. 2892. https://ir.lib.uwo.ca/etd/2892 This Dissertation/Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by Scholarship@Western. It has been accepted for inclusion in Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository by an authorized administrator of Scholarship@Western. For more information, please contact [email protected]. STANDING FOR SOMETHING NOT PRESENT: CONTESTED REPRESENTATIONS IN CONTEMPORARY ART Thesis format: Monograph by Trista Elizabeth Mallory Graduate Program in Visual Arts A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy The School of Graduate and Postdoctoral Studies The University of Western Ontario London, Ontario, Canada © Trista Elizabeth Mallory 2015 Abstract This dissertation looks at the limits and possibilities for the representation of political conflicts in the Middle East through the work of three contemporary artists: Emily Jacir, Eric Baudelaire, and Jafar Panahi. Situated within a moment of increasing uncertainty and global unrest evidenced by the continuing involvement of the United States in various wars in the Middle East, the rise of new terrorist formations like ISIS, and the ongoing geopolitical struggle between Israel and Palestine, to name but a few examples, three interrelated questions are taken up in this study: Given the increasing pressure placed upon truth claims and the documentary image, how can we reassess modes of signification and representation to redeploy them within our contemporary moment? What is necessary to make intelligible political positions that are traditionally kept outside of the political and representational realm, as is the history and demands of terrorist groups? How might we think through the relationship between specific material histories and the politics of representation? With these questions in mind, chapter one looks at Emily Jacir's Material for a Film (2005-ongoing) and Material for a Film (Performance) (2006) which represents the history of Wael Zuaiter, a Palestinian assassinated in 1972. I argue that Jacir’s works engage with the propagandistic modes of representing the Palestinian struggle utilized in the 1970s by producing a material and narrative challenge to these modes. I contend that she accomplishes this by producing a ‘filmic installation’ that upsets the linear narrative of historical writing and the closed narrative arc of traditional documentary film. Chapter two further investigates the linearity of historical narrative, documentary representation, and fragmented archival accounts through Eric Baudelaire’s installation and film The Anabasis of May and Fusako Shigenobu, Masao Adachi and 27 years without ii images (2011), a project which struggles over how to represent the history of the Japanese Red Army’s participation with the Palestinian Liberation Organization in a series of terrorist attacks. Rather than settling on one historical account, which could be read as sympathetic support or damning condemnation, I argue that Baudelaire instead produces three modes of historical explanation in order to shift his viewer’s focus toward the register of representational possibilities. Chapter three pursues the question of censorship through Jafar Panahi's This is not a Film (2011). Made in Iran while Panahi was confined to house arrest and smuggled out in a USB drive hidden in a cake, I contend that Panahi puts his own oeuvre at the crux of his negation of film by creating an argument in This is Not a Film through appropriated footage from, and commentary on, his previous work. The three chapters of my dissertation elaborate on my theoretical questions through a close engagement with the work. As each artist struggles over the terms of representing fraught political and material histories, I analyze the social and political stakes of their engagement with new narrative and representational modes. Keywords Emily Jacir, Eric Baudelaire, Jafar Panahi, Ariella Azoulay, Realism, Representation, Film, Photography iii Acknowledgments This dissertation is dedicated to the women in my family. It is among their strong voices that I have found my place in the world. Many thanks to Bridget Elliott for mentoring me through the early stages of the program, for guiding me through my first teaching experiences with warmhearted advice and support, and for her generosity and criticism through the process of writing this dissertation. Many thanks also to my committee, Sarah Bassnett, Kirsty Robertson and Joy James for their careful reading and thoughtful comments. Thanks also to Tony Purdy, Susan Schupili, and Christine Sprengler who informed the early stages of this project with much wit and curiosity. I’m grateful to Jenn Orpana and Stephanie Radu who helped me keep one foot in Canada while living in the States; along with Janice Gurney, Andy Patton and Corinna Ghaznavi they have been exemplary peers. To Paula Dias, Marlene Jones and Sandy Leboldus, thanks for your hard work and for your advice in navagating the administrative ins and outs of the University. Many thanks to Emily Jacir and Eric Baudelaire for sharing unpublished material and generously talking me through their work. They have been an inspiration and have challenged my thoughts in the formulation of this dissertation. I’m grateful to Joan Young, curator at the Guggenheim, New York for talking through the hanging of Jacir’s show for the Hugo Boss Prize and for giving me access to the exhibitions folders before they went into the archive. Ted Bonin and Kathryn Gile at Alexander and Bonin have been tremendously helpful in providing me with documentary material for Emily Jacir’s work and I’m grateful to Tim Saltarelli, Robert Leckie, and Julian Ross for material on Baudelaire’s exhibition at Gasworks, London. iv I owe a great debt of gratitude to Ron Clark for many generous and challenging conversations during my year at the ISP and in the years following. Much appreciation to my ISP adviser, Emily Apter, and to my peers and the extended ISP community of fellows and teachers for their exacting questions and engaging conversations, especially Tom Ackers, Lindsay Caplan, Alex Fletcher, Park McArthur, and Kristina Scepanski, Aliza Shvarts and Angel Szymanek. Jen Kennedy has supported me in every way imaginable since we met at Binghamton University and has read through my work countless times with tireless generosity and enthusiasm, there are not enough words of thanks. I want also to thank the incredible women in my dissertation writing group in San Francisco: Anne Gross, Katie Harper, Serena Le and Carrie Ritter who welcomed me into their community at Berkeley and lent much needed support and camaraderie through the last months of writing and who continue to be a constant source of inspiration. I’m tremendously lucky to have an extended family: Allison Applebaum, Stanley Applebaum, Nancy Gort, Liz Park and Maria Rapicavoli, all of whom have supported me and nurtured me, and have worked together to keep me afloat over these last months. And finally thanks to Chris Glazowski, without his support and unshakable belief I could continue on, this project would not have been possible. v Table of Contents Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... ii Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................. iv Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................... vi List of Figures ......................................................................................................................... vii Introduction ................................................................................................................................1 Chapter 1. Watching Photographs: Material for a Film ..........................................................27 Chapter 2. Grounds and Landscapes: The Anabasis of a Film ................................................80 Chapter 3. A Film is no Substitute for Anything ...................................................................137 Conclusion .............................................................................................................................184 Selected Bibliography ............................................................................................................191 Curriculum Vitae ...................................................................................................................201 vi List of Figures Figure 1 Alex Levac, Hebron, 2000. ......................................................................................
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