Observers' Guide to Sea
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SAR Image Wave Spectra to Retrieve the Thickness of Grease-Pancake
www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN SAR image wave spectra to retrieve the thickness of grease‑pancake sea ice using viscous wave propagation models Giacomo De Carolis 1*, Piero Olla2,3 & Francesca De Santi 1 Young sea ice composed of grease and pancake ice (GPI), as well as thin foes, considered to be the most common form of sea ice fringing Antarctica, is now becoming the “new normal” also in the Arctic. A study of the rheological properties of GPI is carried out by comparing the predictions of two viscous wave propagation models: the Keller model and the close‑packing (CP) model, with the observed wave attenuation obtained by SAR image techniques. In order to ft observations, it is shown that describing GPI as a viscous medium requires the adoption of an ice viscosity which increases with the ice thickness. The consequences regarding the possibility of ice thickness retrieval from remote sensing data of wave attenuation are discussed. We provide examples of GPI thickness retrievals from a Sentinel‑1 C band SAR image taken in the Beaufort Sea on 1 November 2015, and three CosmoSkyMed X band SAR images taken in the Weddell Sea on March 2019. The estimated GPI thicknesses are consistent with concurrent SMOS measurements and available local samplings. Climate change has led in the last decade to a dramatic reduction in the extent and the thickness of sea ice in the Arctic region during the summer season. As a result, the marginal ice zone (MIZ), which is the dynamic transition region separating the ice pack from the open ocean, has become increasingly exposed to the wind and the wave actions1,2. -
2006 General Election Results on Sugar Island
The next issue of The Sault Tribe News will be the 2005 Annual Report. We will feature reports from every department of the Tribe along with their accomplishments and funding statistics. Please be sure to read the next issue of the news. The deadline for submissions for the following issue is Aug 1. HE AULT RIBE EWS T S Visit us online at www.saulttribe.comT N (O)De'imin Giizis “Strawberry Moon” Win Awenen Nisitotung “One Who Understands” June 30 2006 • Vol. 27, No. 9 News briefs No body contact advisory 2006 General election results on Sugar Island. Close race in Unit II determined by recount As a result of high bacteria levels, specifically E. coli, on the north shore of Sugar Island, the Chippewa County Health Depart- ment has issued a no body con- tact advisory for areas near 55 N. Westshore Dr., Williams Dr., and Village Rd. People should avoid body contact with surface waters of the St. Mary's River in these areas. Chippewa County Health Department will notify the public when the no body contact advisory is lifted. Gravelle hearing rescheduled for July 5 A preliminary hearing re- garding felony drug charges New Unit III Representative Keith Massaway, center, with wife, Re-elected incumbent Dennis McKelvie congratulates new levied last May 31 against Sault Jean, and one of his sons, Andrew. board member DJ Hoffman. PHOTOS BY ALAN KAMUDA Tribe Board of Directors Unit I The Sault Tribe’s governing count was requested by Hank and their oath of office at the Sault UNOFFICIAL RESULTS Representative Todd Gravelle body will welcome three new a hand count of the votes was con- powwow on July 1. -
30-2 Lee2.Pdf
OceTHE OFFICIALa MAGAZINEn ogOF THE OCEANOGRAPHYra SOCIETYphy CITATION Lee, C.M., J. Thomson, and the Marginal Ice Zone and Arctic Sea State Teams. 2017. An autonomous approach to observing the seasonal ice zone in the western Arctic. Oceanography 30(2):56–68, https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2017.222. DOI https://doi.org/10.5670/oceanog.2017.222 COPYRIGHT This article has been published in Oceanography, Volume 30, Number 2, a quarterly journal of The Oceanography Society. Copyright 2017 by The Oceanography Society. All rights reserved. USAGE Permission is granted to copy this article for use in teaching and research. Republication, systematic reproduction, or collective redistribution of any portion of this article by photocopy machine, reposting, or other means is permitted only with the approval of The Oceanography Society. Send all correspondence to: [email protected] or The Oceanography Society, PO Box 1931, Rockville, MD 20849-1931, USA. DOWNLOADED FROM HTTP://TOS.ORG/OCEANOGRAPHY SPECIAL ISSUE ON AUTONOMOUS AND LAGRANGIAN PLATFORMS AND SENSORS (ALPS) An Autonomous Approach to Observing the Seasonal Ice Zone in the Western Arctic By Craig M. Lee, Jim Thomson, and the Marginal Ice Zone and Arctic Sea State Teams 56 Oceanography | Vol.30, No.2 ABSTRACT. The Marginal Ice Zone and Arctic Sea State programs examined the MIZ is a region of complex atmosphere- processes that govern evolution of the rapidly changing seasonal ice zone in the Beaufort ice-ocean dynamics that varies with sea Sea. Autonomous platforms operating from the ice and within the water column ice properties and distance from the ice collected measurements across the atmosphere-ice-ocean system and provided the edge (Figure 2; e.g., Morison et al., 1987). -
Drift of Pancake Ice Floes in the Winter Antarctic Marginalicezoneduringpolarcyclones
DRIFT OF PANCAKE ICE FLOES IN THE WINTER ANTARCTIC MARGINAL ICE ZONE DURING POLAR CYCLONES APREPRINT Alberto Alberello∗ Luke Bennetts Petra Heil University of Adelaide University of Adelaide Australian Antarctic Division & ACE–CRC 5005, Adelaide, Australia 5005, Adelaide, Australia 7001, Hobart, Australia Clare Eayrs Marcello Vichi Keith MacHutchon New York University Abu Dhabi University of Cape Town University of Cape Town Abu Dhabi, United Arab Emirates Rondenbosch, 7701, South Africa Rondenbosch, 7701, South Africa Miguel Onorato Alessandro Toffoli Università di Torino & IFNF The University of Melbourne Torino, 10125, Italy 3010, Parkville, Australia June 27, 2019 ABSTRACT High temporal resolution in–situ measurements of pancake ice drift are presented, from a pair of buoys deployed on floes in the Antarctic marginal ice zone during the winter sea ice expansion, over nine days in which the region was impacted by four polar cyclones. Concomitant measurements of wave-in-ice activity from the buoys is used to infer that pancake ice conditions were maintained over at least the first seven days. Analysis of the data shows: (i) unprecedentedly fast drift speeds in the Southern Ocean; (ii) high correlation of drift velocities with the surface wind velocities, indicating absence of internal ice stresses >100 km in from the edge in 100% remotely sensed ice concentration; and (iii) presence of a strong inertial signature with a 13 h period. A Langrangian free drift model is developed, including a term for geostrophic currents that reproduces the 13 h period signature in the ice motion. The calibrated model is shown to provide accurate predictions of the ice drift for up to 2 days, and the calibrated parameters provide estimates of wind and ocean drag for pancake floes under storm conditions. -
Basic Structure for 6U Mite Practices
Basic Structure for 6U Mite Practices The 6U Mite group consists of players ranging in age from 4 to 6 years old. USA Hockey recommends players take a basic learn to skate before implementing 6U practice plans. The Learn to Skate foundational program will provide the rudimentary skills needed for the 6U program. In the case of some smaller youth associations it may be necessary to group the Learn to Skate, 6U and the 8U players into practice sessions. This can still be done efficiently with proper planning and be very beneficial to all involved. Skating is a primary skill for ice hockey and although players must continue to master skating technique throughout their career, there must be a special emphasis placed on the ABC elements of skating in the early years of development. Players at the Mite age have a harder time processing technical skills instruction and their bodies lack some of the fine motor control required. At this age large muscle groups and multiple joint movements should be incorporated into the practice sessions. Agility, balance and coordination (ABC’s) on the ice surface are at the foundation of LTAD for 6U Mites. Activity volume plays a significant role in development at the 6U age group. Little kids are doers so keep instruction short and activity high. Practices have a preparatory phase followed by the main body of the practice. The main body of the practice session includes station work so that kids are developing their skills in an efficient manner. The recommended breakdown is with six stations so that there is enough variety to hold the interest of players at this age. -
The Roland Von Glasow Air-Sea-Ice Chamber (Rvg-ASIC)
https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-2020-392 Preprint. Discussion started: 14 October 2020 c Author(s) 2020. CC BY 4.0 License. The Roland von Glasow Air-Sea-Ice Chamber (RvG-ASIC): an experimental facility for studying ocean/sea-ice/atmosphere interactions Max Thomas1, James France1,2,3, Odile Crabeck1, Benjamin Hall4, Verena Hof5, Dirk Notz5,6, Tokoloho Rampai4, Leif Riemenschneider5, Oliver Tooth1, Mathilde Tranter1, and Jan Kaiser1 1Centre for Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences, School of Environmental Sciences, University of East Anglia, UK, NR4 7TJ 2British Antarctic Survey, Natural Environment Research Council, Cambridge CB3 0ET, UK 3Department of Earth Sciences, Royal Holloway, University of London, Egham TW20 0EX, UK 4Chemical Engineering Deptartment, University of Cape Town, South Africa 5Max Planck Institute for Meteorology, Hamburg, Germany 6Center for Earth System Research and Sustainability (CEN), University of Hamburg, Germany Correspondence: Jan Kaiser ([email protected]) Abstract. Sea ice is difficult, expensive, and potentially dangerous to observe in nature. The remoteness of the Arctic and Southern Oceans complicates sampling logistics, while the heterogeneous nature of sea ice and rapidly changing environmental conditions present challenges for conducting process studies. Here, we describe the Roland von Glasow Air-Sea-Ice Chamber (RvG-ASIC), a laboratory facility designed to reproduce polar processes and overcome some of these challenges. The RvG- 5 ASIC is an open-topped 3.5 m3 glass tank housed in a coldroom (temperature range: -55 to +30 oC). The RvG-ASIC is equipped with a wide suite of instruments for ocean, sea ice, and atmospheric measurements, as well as visible and UV lighting. -
Satellite Observations for Detecting and Forecasting Sea-Ice Conditions: a Summary of Advances Made in the SPICES Project by the EU’S Horizon 2020 Programme
remote sensing Article Satellite Observations for Detecting and Forecasting Sea-Ice Conditions: A Summary of Advances Made in the SPICES Project by the EU’s Horizon 2020 Programme Marko Mäkynen 1,* , Jari Haapala 1, Giuseppe Aulicino 2 , Beena Balan-Sarojini 3, Magdalena Balmaseda 3, Alexandru Gegiuc 1 , Fanny Girard-Ardhuin 4, Stefan Hendricks 5, Georg Heygster 6, Larysa Istomina 5, Lars Kaleschke 5, Juha Karvonen 1 , Thomas Krumpen 5, Mikko Lensu 1, Michael Mayer 3,7, Flavio Parmiggiani 8 , Robert Ricker 4,5 , Eero Rinne 1, Amelie Schmitt 9 , Markku Similä 1 , Steffen Tietsche 3 , Rasmus Tonboe 10, Peter Wadhams 11, Mai Winstrup 12 and Hao Zuo 3 1 Finnish Meteorological Institute, PB 503, FI-00101 Helsinki, Finland; jari.haapala@fmi.fi (J.H.); alexandru.gegiuc@fmi.fi (A.G.); juha.karvonen@fmi.fi (J.K.); mikko.lensu@fmi.fi (M.L.); eero.rinne@fmi.fi (E.R.); markku.simila@fmi.fi (M.S.) 2 Department of Science and Technology—DiST, Università degli Studi di Napoli Parthenope, Centro Direzionale Is C4, 80143 Napoli, Italy; [email protected] 3 European Centre for Medium-Range Weather forecasts, Shinfield Park, Reading RG2 9AX, UK; [email protected] (B.B.-S.); [email protected] (M.B.); [email protected] (M.M.); steff[email protected] (S.T.); [email protected] (H.Z.) 4 Ifremer, Univ. Brest, CNRS, IRD, Laboratoire d’Océanographie Physique et Spatiale, IUEM, 29280 Brest, France; [email protected] 5 AlfredWegener Institute, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; [email protected] (S.H.); -
THE ICE CIRCLE (Draft of 11 December 2013)
THE ICE CIRCLE (Draft of 11 December 2013) The Ice Circle’s Role The Ice Circle is a global collaborative platform encouraging and supporting a multidisciplinary response to the state and impact of rapidly changing snow and ice regimes. As necessary, it will leverage focus and funding on issues relating to ice and snow with a view to generating global awareness, profiling research outcomes and supporting local action that could reduce vulnerability to disasters, mitigate forces causing ice melt, and help peoples and communities to adapt. Impact of the Decline of Ice and Snow In the last two decades, ice and snow regimes around the globe have dramatically declined. Glaciers are disappearing, permafrost is thawing, snow cover is retreating and if the current rate of sea ice losses continues, the Arctic will soon be ice-free in summer for the first time in human history. These and other changes to ice and snow — collectively described as the cryosphere —are of concern to all of humanity by affecting global hydrological systems including oceans. The distribution of snow, ice and water plays a critical role in temperature and moisture in the Earth’s atmosphere, governing major weather patterns, regulating sea level and salinity, and dramatically impacting transportation, urban and rural settlements, commerce and geopolitics. The release of methane as a permafrost thaw will affect the global carbon balance. The retreat of ice and snow represent a particular challenge for Arctic communities and important mountain regions including the Himalayan mountains, the Tibetan plateau, the Alps, the Andes and Rockies, the East African Highlands, and the Pamir Mountains in Central Asia. -
247986.Pdf (1.300Mb)
Clim Dyn DOI 10.1007/s00382-012-1464-3 Verification of model simulated mass balance, flow fields and tabular calving events of the Antarctic ice sheet against remotely sensed observations Diandong Ren • Lance M. Leslie • Mervyn J. Lynch Received: 19 February 2012 / Accepted: 16 July 2012 Ó The Author(s) 2012. This article is published with open access at Springerlink.com Abstract The Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) has the greatest exact timing of calving and of iceberg sizes cannot be potential for global sea level rise. This study simulates AIS simulated accurately at present. A projection of the future ice creeping, sliding, tabular calving, and estimates the total mass change of the AIS is made, with SEGMENT-Ice mass balances, using a recently developed, advanced ice forced by atmospheric conditions from three different dynamics model, known as SEGMENT-Ice. SEGMENT- coupled general circulation models. The entire AIS is esti- Ice is written in a spherical Earth coordinate system. mated to be losing mass steadily at a rate of *120 km3/a at Because the AIS contains the South Pole, a projection present and this rate possibly may double by year 2100. transfer is performed to displace the pole outside of the simulation domain. The AIS also has complex ice-water- Keywords Climate change Á Ice sheet dynamics Á granular material-bedrock configurations, requiring Sea level rise Á Ice shelf calving sophisticated lateral and basal boundary conditions. Because of the prevalence of ice shelves, a ‘girder yield’ type calving scheme is activated. The simulations of present 1 Introduction surface ice flow velocities compare favorably with InSAR measurements, for various ice-water-bedrock configura- At present the Earth’s climate is in an interglacial period. -
Daffodil Society, Inc
AMERICAN DAFFODIL SOCIETY, INC. THE DAFFODIL JOURNAL Volume 31, Number 2 ' December, 1994 The Daffodil Journal ISSN 0011-5290 Quarterly Publication of the American Daffodil Society, Inc. Volume 31 December, 1994 Number 2 OFFICERS OF THE SOCIETY Marilynn Howe, President 11831 Juniette Street, Culver City, CA 90230 • 310-827-3229 Jaydee Atkins Ager, First Vice President 344 Bear Branch Road, Kathleen, GA 31047 • 912-987-9282 Bob Spotts, Second Vice President 409 Hazelnut Drive, Oakley, CA 94561 • 510-625-5526 Phyllis Hess, Secretary 3670 E. Powell Road, Westerville, OH 43081 • 614-882-5720 Joseph Stettinius, Treasurer P.O. Box 17070, Richmond, VA 23726 • 804-285-3935 Executive Director — Mary Lou Gripshover 1686 Grey Fox Trails, Milford, OH 45150 (Tel .513-248-9137) All correspondence regarding memberships, change of address, receipt of publications, supplies, ADS records, and other business matters should be addressed to the Executive Director. THE DAFFODIL JOURNAL (ISSN 0011-5290) is published quarterly (March, June, September and December) by the American Daffodil Society, Inc., 1686 Grey Fox Trails, Milford, OH 45150-1521. Second class postage paid at Milford, OH 45150-1521. POSTMASTER: Send address changes to The Daffodil Journal, 1686 Grey Fox Trails, Milford, OH 45150-1521. Membership in the Society includes a subscription. $16.00 of the dues are designated for the Journal. © 1994 American Daffodil Society, Inc. Chairman of Publications Editor, Daffodil Journal Martha Kitchens Lee Kitchens 351 Buttonwood Lane 351 Buttonwood Lane Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 Cinnaminson, NJ 08077 Tel. 609-829-6557 Tel. 609-829-6557 FAX: 609-786-1314 FAX: 609-786-1314 Articles and photographs (glossy finish for black and white, transparency fo rcolor) on daffodil culture and related subjects are invited from members of the Society. -
Université De Montréal Transformations Rédox Et Spéciation
Université de Montréal Transformations rédox et spéciation du Hg dans la neige et les eaux de surface de l’extrême arctique et de régions tempérées Alexandre Poulain Département de sciences biologiques Faculté des études supérieures Thèse présentée à la faculté des études supérieures en vue de l’obtention du grade de Philosophiae Doctor (Ph.D.) en sciences biologiques Avril 200f © copyright, Alexandre Poulain, 200f. 2zN c7ç 034 2cQ C Vt CQS Université de Montréal Direction des bibliothèques AVIS L’auteur a autorisé l’Université de Montréal à reproduire et diffuser, en totalité ou en partie, pat quelque moyen que ce soit et sut quetque support que ce soit, et exclusivement à des fins non lucratives d’enseignement et de recherche, des copies de ce mémoire ou de cette thèse. L’auteur et les coauteurs le cas échéant conservent la propriété du droit d’auteur et des droits moraux qui protègent ce document. Ni la thèse ou le mémoire, ni des extraits substantiels de ce document, ne doivent être imprimés ou autrement reproduits sans l’autorisation de l’auteur. Afin de se conformer à la Loi canadienne sur la protection des renseignements personnels, quelques formulaires secondaires, coordonnées ou signatures intégrées au texte ont pu être enlevés de ce document. Bien que cela ait pu affecter la pagination, il n’y a aucun contenu manquant. NOTICE The author of this thesis or dissertation has granted a nonexclusive license allowing Université de Montréal to reproduce and publish the document, in part or in whole, and in any format, solely for noncommercial educational and research purposes. -
Observing the Seasonal Ice Zone in the Western Arctic
SPECIAL ISSUE ON AUTONOMOUS AND LAGRANGIAN PLATFORMS AND SENSORS (ALPS) An Autonomous Approach to Observing the Seasonal Ice Zone in the Western Arctic By Craig M. Lee, Jim Thomson, and the Marginal Ice Zone and Arctic Sea State Teams 56 Oceanography | Vol.30, No.2 ABSTRACT. The Marginal Ice Zone and Arctic Sea State programs examined the MIZ is a region of complex atmosphere- processes that govern evolution of the rapidly changing seasonal ice zone in the Beaufort ice-ocean dynamics that varies with sea Sea. Autonomous platforms operating from the ice and within the water column ice properties and distance from the ice collected measurements across the atmosphere-ice-ocean system and provided the edge (Figure 2; e.g., Morison et al., 1987). persistence to sample continuously through the springtime retreat and autumn advance Additionally, the northward retreat of of sea ice. Autonomous platforms also allowed operational modalities that reduced the sea ice exposes an increasing expanse of field programs’ logistical requirements. Observations indicate that thermodynamics, open water south of the ice edge, eventu- especially the radiative balances of the ice-albedo feedback, govern the seasonal cycle ally providing sufficient fetch for the gen- of sea ice, with the role of surface waves confined to specific events. Continuous eration of long-period, large-amplitude sampling from winter into autumn also reveals the imprint of winter ice conditions and waves (e.g., Thomson and Rogers, 2014). fracturing on summertime floe size distribution. These programs demonstrate effective Such waves are capable of propagating use of integrated systems of autonomous platforms for persistent, multiscale Arctic north and penetrating into the pack to observing.