Day 8

Anonymity Government control of Internet Other countries vs. US Microsoft + NSA Apple + FBI update Anonymity

Thomas Paine Hamilton, Madison, Jay (Common Sense) (The Federalist Papers)

2 Positive uses

0 Protect political speech 0 Protect against retaliation and embarrassment

0 Anonymizing services 0 used by reporters, human rights activists, citizens in repressive countries, law enforcement agencies, and government intelligence services

3 Negative uses 0 protects criminal activities 0 aids fraud à Amazon, eBay reviews 0 harassment, 0 extortion, 0 distribution of child pornography, 0 theft, 0 copyright infringement

0 masks illegal by government agencies

4 5 Government Censorship

Information + education = power 6 Authoritarian governments have impeded low of information and opinion throughout history.

0 Burma 0 Western Countries 0 Chile 0 Belarus 0 Cuba 0 Russia 0 China 0 India 0 Tunisia 0 Venezuela 0 Vietnam 0 Saudi Arabia 0 Syria 0 North Korea 0 0 Egypt 0 Singapore 0 Turkmenistan 0 Azerbaijan 7 8 https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/10/world/africa/african-nations-increasingly-silence-internet-to-stem-protests.html 9 http://qz.com/576485/brazil-has-shut-down-whatsapp-for-roughly-100-million-people/ 0 Some countries own the Internet backbone within their countries and block speciic sites and content at the border 0 Some countries ban all or certain types of access to the Internet 0 Iran has blocked wikipedia, , , amazon, and changeforequality.

10 “The office of communications is ordered to find ways to ensure that the use of the Internet becomes impossible… The Ministry for the Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice is obliged to monitor the order and punish violators.” - Excerpt from Taliban edict banning Internet use in Afghanistan (2001)

Textbook p. 165 11 And in the US?

0 2005: London subway bombings – remote detonation by phone? 0 2009 à

12 Censor/Block vs. Spy on

13 14 Te Guardian, 2013

15 Spy on vs. Iniltrate

16 2/2016

17 0 Companies who do business in countries that control Internet access must comply with the local laws

0 argued that some access is better than no access… is that true? 0 Google.cn complies with Chinese law and does not show sites with banned content.

18 §Repressive governments intercept cizens ’ communicaons and filter Internet content. §Companies in Western democracies sell them the sophiscated tools to do so.

California-based Narus (a Boeing subsidiary) sold Telecom Egypt “real-time trafic intelligence” and equipment. They also supply Pakistan, Bahrain, Qatar and Saudi Arabia.

Texas-based “aggressively sought” the contracts to implement the of China.

19 http://en.rsf.org/companies-that-cooperate-with-02-09-2011,40914.html 0"Anything that comes through (an Internet protocol network), we can record, we can reconstruct all of their e-mails along with attachments, see what web pages they clicked on; we can reconstruct their (Voice Over Internet Protocol) calls.” - Steve Bannerman, Narus' marketing vice president, to Wired, 2006

http://archive.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2006/05/70914 20 Aiding foreign censors and repressive regimes 0 Yahoo and French censorship 0 Yahoo, eBay and others make decisions to comply with foreign laws for business reasons

2001

2006

0Skype and Chinese control 0 Chinese government requires modiied version of

21 Worst Censorship?

22 Communication Shutdowns – Free Countries 0 Public safety 0 BART and protests:

23 Anonymous Reaction

24 25