Day 8 Anonymity Government control of Internet Censorship Other countries vs. US Microsoft + NSA Apple + FBI update Anonymity Thomas Paine Hamilton, Madison, Jay (Common Sense) (The Federalist Papers) 2 Positive uses 0 Protect political speech 0 Protect aGainst retaliation and embarrassment 0 AnonymizinG services 0 used by reporters, human riGhts activists, citizens in repressive countries, law enforcement aGencies, and Government intelligence services 3 Negative uses 0 protects criminal activities 0 aids fraud à Amazon, eBay reviews 0 harassment, 0 extortion, 0 distribution of child pornography, 0 theft, 0 copyriGht infrinGement 0 masks illeGal surveillance by Government agencies 4 5 Government Censorship Information + education = power 6 Authoritarian Governments have impeded low of information and opinion throughout history. 0 Burma 0 Western Countries 0 Chile 0 Belarus 0 Cuba 0 Russia 0 China 0 India 0 Tunisia 0 Venezuela 0 Vietnam 0 Saudi Arabia 0 Syria 0 North Korea 0 Iran 0 Egypt 0 Singapore 0 Turkmenistan 0 Azerbaijan 7 8 https://www.nytimes.com/2017/02/10/world/africa/african-nations-increasinGly-silence-internet-to-stem-protests.html 9 http://qz.com/576485/brazil-has-shut-down-whatsapp-for-rouGhly-100-million-people/ 0 Some countries own the Internet backbone within their countries and block speci`ic sites and content at the border 0 Some countries ban all or certain types of access to the Internet 0 Iran has blocked wikipedia, the New York Times, youtube, amazon, and changeforequality. 10 “The office of communications is ordered to find ways to ensure that the use of the Internet becomes impossible… The Ministry for the Promotion of Virtue and Prevention of Vice is obliged to monitor the order and punish violators.” - Excerpt from Taliban edict banning Internet use in Afghanistan (2001) Textbook p. 165 11 And in the US? 0 2005: London subway bombinGs – remote detonation by phone? 0 2009 à 12 Censor/Block vs. Spy on 13 14 Te Guardian, 2013 15 Spy on vs. Iniltrate 16 2/2016 17 0 Companies who do business in countries that control Internet access must comply with the local laws 0 GooGle arGued that some access is better than no access… is that true? 0 Google.cn complies with Chinese law and does not show sites with banned content. 18 §Repressive governments intercept ciAzens ’ communicaons and filter Internet content. §Companies in Western democracies sell them the sophisAcated tools to do so. California-based Narus (a BoeinG subsidiary) sold Telecom EGypt “real-time traf`ic intelliGence” and Deep Packet Inspection equipment. They also supply Pakistan, Bahrain, Qatar and Saudi Arabia. Texas-based Cisco systems “aGGressively souGht” the contracts to implement the Great Firewall of China. 19 http://en.rsf.org/companies-that-cooperate-with-02-09-2011,40914.html 0"Anything that comes through (an Internet protocol network), we can record, we can reconstruct all of their e-mails along with attachments, see what web pages they clicked on; we can reconstruct their (Voice Over Internet Protocol) calls.” - Steve Bannerman, Narus' marketinG vice president, to Wired, 2006 http://archive.wired.com/science/discoveries/news/2006/05/70914 20 Aiding foreign censors and repressive regimes 0 Yahoo and French censorship 0 Yahoo, eBay and others make decisions to comply with foreign laws for business reasons 2001 2006 0Skype and Chinese control 0 Chinese Government requires modi`ied version of Skype 21 Worst Censorship? 22 Communication Shutdowns – Free Countries 0 Public safety 0 BART and protests: 23 Anonymous Reaction 24 25 .