DOCSLIB.ORG

Cancer Mortality in a Rural Population Living in the Vicinity of a Nuclear Power Plant

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Cancer Mortality in a Rural Population Living in the Vicinity of a Nuclear Power Plant CANCER MORTALITY IN A RURAL POPULATION LIVING IN THE VICINITY OF A NUCLEAR POWER PLANT R. Tulbure1, E. Dadulescu2 , R. Gheorghe1 1 Institute of Public Health Bucharest, 1-3, Dr. Leonte str., 76256 Bucharest, Romania 2 Dolj Public Health Directorate, 6, Constantin Lecca str., 1100 Craiova, Romania In the last period, some minor incidents at the Kozlodui Nuclear Power Plant, placed on the left bank of the Danube, have been notified. The mass media and the population living on the romanian Danube’s bank closed to Kozlodui - having still in mind the Chernobyl disaster - became more concerned about the possible health effects as a consequence of these events. On the other hand from the 1995 the cancer mortality in our country has an ascendant evolution. In this context the public health authority considered as a duty to pay attention to the possible influence of the Kozlodui Nuclear Power Plant on the local population health. MATERIALS AND METHODS The surveyed area – generic named Bechet - include 17 rural localities whit agricultural economic profile, belonging to the Dolj county, located on the Romanian left bank of the River Danube opposite to the Kozlodui nuclear power plant (figure 1). The whole population is about 88 000 inhabitants of which 14 500 are the children aged 0-14 years. The number of 0-4 years age group living within this area is approximately 4500 (graph 1). Graph 1. The population figure by sex and age-groups in the observed area ( year 2000) male female >75y >75y 60-74y 60-74y 45-59y 45-59y 30-44y 30-44y 15-29y 15-29y 10-14y 10-14y 5-9y 5-9y 0-4y 0-4y 0-4y 5-9y 10-14y 15-29y 30-44y 45-59y 60-74y >75y female 2294 2281 2709 6261 7769 9894 9484 4217 male -2380 -2176 -2543 -6373 -7896 -9878 -7966 -3224 Source of exposure : Nuclear Power Plant Kozloduy (NPPK) from Bulgaria is located on the right bank of the River Danube, opposite to the investigated area ( Figure 1). It is composed of six pressurized light water moderated and cooled reactors (PWRs). The reactors 1 , 2 started operation in 1974-1975, the reactors 3 , 4 in 1982-1984, the fifth in Figure 1. The area from Dolj county (Romania) under health surveillance 1987 and the sixth in 1990. The liquid effluents are released in the Danube River. The amounts of radioactive materials released from the NPPK reactors during the period 1985 - 1997 are presented in Table 1. As a comparison, the average normalized releases (1985 - 1997) are also presented both for NPPK and for the type of PWRs generally. Table 1. The discharges from NPPK and average normalized releases (GBq/(Gw a)-1) from NPPK and PWRs generally (1985-1997) [UNSCEAR 1993, UNSCEAR 2000] Indicators of pollution NPP Kozloduy PWRs Total Average normalized Average normalized (GBq) releases releases (GBq/(Gw a)-1) (GBq/(Gw a)-1) Nobles gases released in 4 361 000 218 000 44 500 airborne effluents Tritium released in airborne Not reported - 2 900 effluents Iodine–131 released in 87.73 4.38 0.55 airborne effluents Particulates released in 37.7 1.88 0.87 airborne effluents Tritium released in airborne 11 690 x) 6 228 22 500 effluents Other radionuclides 28.72 1.43 23 excluding tritium released in airborne effluents x) Reported only for 1997 The two local stations belonging to the Ministry of Health and Family and the Ministry of Environment do the control of nuclear releases in the environment on the romanian territory. In order to detect any changes regarding the pattern of cancer diseases in the interested population we carried out a descriptive study on cancer mortality over the 1994-2000 period. The crude rates and the age standardized cancer mortality rates for both sexes were calculated. Also, the age standardized mortality rates for leukemia in 0-14 years-aged children, over the same period, was computed. The data on the population were collected from the vital statistics and the data on the disease from the local sanitary statistics unit by the personal from the territorial radiation laboratory. RESULTS Cancer mortality. The annual age standardized cancer mortality rates for whole population (both sex, all ages) for the 1994-2000 period show values between 53.27 and 75/ 100 000, under the values registered at the county and national level (5) (Table 2.). The trend for this period is quite stationary in the surveyed area (graph 3,4). By sex, in the Bechet area the annual average of age standardized rates for 1994-2000 are : 82.3/100 000 (95%C.I. 74.69- 90.21) for males and 45.7/100 000 (95%C.I. 39,72-51.68) for females. Table 2. The annual standardized cancer mortality rates /100 000 inhabitants (whole population): ASR 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 Bechet 53.27 72.85 74.98 54.10 68.48 56.55 66.07 Dolj -* 134 129.2 126.3 126.7 126 143.2 county Romania -* 176 164.5 168.2 167.7 197.1 172.2 *No available data The most frequent cancers that occur in this population are the broncho-pulmonary and the head and neck cancers in males and the breast and the uterus cervix cancers in females. This pattern is the same as the pattern reported from the sanitary statistic for whole the country population (5). GRAPH 3. CANCER ASR IN THE STUDIED AREA GRAPH 4. CANCER ASR AT THE COUNTRY LEVEL ASR TREND ASR 200 75 TREND 70 190 65 180 SR SR A 60 A 170 55 50 160 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 year year Childhood leukemia. The 0-14 years age group in the Bechet area represents about 16.5% of the whole population of this area. Only 2 cases of death from leukemia were registered at this age group: one of them in 5-9 age group and the second in 10-14 age group. The annual average of age standardized rates for this period was 0.99/100000 for girls and 1.37/100000 for boys, lower than the county level for both sex (Table 3). Table 3. The annual average of age standardized rates/100 000 for leukemia in 0-14 aged group: ASR 1994-2000 Male Female Bechet area 1.38 (95%C.I. –1.88 - 4.66) 0.99 (95%C.I. –6.46 – 8.44) n*=1 n=1 Dolj county 3.23 (95%C.I.0.37 – 6.09) 1.16 (95%C.I. 0.11-2.23) n=16 n=6 *n - number of cases Environmental exposures. The two local environmental stations did not report any increasing of the environmental discharges in the studied period. DISCUSSION First of all it is important to underline that the source of exposure (NPPK) and the interested community (Bechet area) are situated in the different countries. From this situation two issues mast be taken into account: S Any occupational exposures to the ionizing radiation related to the plant cannot be involved; S The public and the media suspiciously perceive every incident, even insignificant, which occur to the power plant. Both this issues motivate the interest of the local public health authority for this community. The present study did not found any epidemiological detectable increase of cancers or childhood leukemia among the population living in the Romanian territory nearest the Bulgarian boundaries. Nevertheless, these results are consistent with the results of the other study carried out by the Institute in1994 on the incidence of leukemia in 0-14 years children over the 1980-1992 period in the same area. The results of that study show a lower number of the observed cases than expected: the O/E ratios was 0.98 (95%C.I.: 0.32-2.29) calculated using the childhood leukemia rate in Romania (R.Tulbure, C.May, S. Negoita and al, Leukemia incidence in childhood in the population living the romanian territory closed to the NPPK). Unfortunately, the lack of data on the incidence of leukemia for the 15-25 age group makes it impossible to analyze the disease distribution in this population group too (3). However, the study has been limited by the lack of valid incidence data coming from a cancer register. REFERENCES 1. Grosche B., Lackland D. & al,1999 Leukaemia in the vicinity of two tritium-releasing nuclear facilities: a comparison of the Kruemmel Site, Germany, and the Savannah River Site, South Carolina, USA, Journal of Radiological Protection vol.19 no.3 pages 243-252 2. Gardner M J & al,1990 Results of case-control study of lekemia and lymphoma among young people near Sellafield nuclear plant in West Cumbria. BMJ 300: 423-434 3. Jensen O M, Parkin D M &al,1991 Cancer registration principles and methods IARC Scientific Publicationss, Lyon 4. Laurier D. 1999 Leucemies chez les moins de 25 ans autour d’ installations nucleaires en France et a etranger: revue des etudes epidemiologiques descriptives , Radioprotection vol.34, n 2, pages 149-176 5. ANNUAL SANITARY STATISTIC REPORT 1995,….2000 Centrul de Calcul, Statistica Sanitara si Documentare Medicala, Bucuresti 6. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation 1993. New York 7. United Nations Scientific Committee on the Effects of Atomic Radiation 2000. New York .
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Wo Conservative Prefects: Nicolae P. Guran and Constantin Radu Geblescu1 T
    JOURNAL of Humanities, Culture and Social Sciences, Vol. 4, No. 1, 2018 ISSN 2393 – 5960; ISSN – L 2393-5960, pp. 10-25 wo conservative prefects: Nicolae P. Guran and Constantin Radu Geblescu1 T Mirela-Minodora Mincă-Mălăescu, Ph.D.c. Counsellor, Romanian National ArChives, Dolj County Department Romania [email protected] Abstract In the present study we approaCh the aCtivity of NiColae P. Guran and Constantin Radu GeblesCu, two of Dolj County prefeCts from the end of the 19th Century, and the beginning of the 20th Century. Two Conservatives, whose activity was foCused on the supporting of the rural education and Culture, they also Considered that the issue on addressing the modernisation of Romania Could be aCComplished only through the eduCation of the rural population and the improvement of the living Conditions (Coord. ACad. Gheorghe Platon: 2003: 191-207). The building of sChools and hospitals, the spreading of Culture through education and the learning of minimal hygiene norms were few of the objectives of the two Conservative prefeCts, who supported finanCially, from the budget of the County, the ConstruCtion of sChools and hospitals, along with the reorganisation of the Superior Trade SChool, where the Children from the rural areas were obtaining high qualificationforms. NiColae P. Guran and Constantin Radu GeblesCu filled the position of prefeCt in Dolj County, between the 12th of April 1899 and the 14th of February 1901, respeCtively the 24th of DeCember 1904 and the 12th of MarCh 1907. Keywords: activity, prefeCt, Dolj, Guran, GeblesCu. 1 The present study is part of the doCtor degree researCh project: The institution of the prefect in Dolj County, during the reign of Carol I, Carried outbetween 2015 and 2018, within the SoCial Sciences Faculty.
    [Show full text]
  • December 2020 Contract Pipeline
    OFFICIAL USE No Country DTM Project title and Portfolio Contract title Type of contract Procurement method Year Number 1 2021 Albania 48466 Albanian Railways SupervisionRehabilitation Contract of Tirana-Durres for Rehabilitation line and ofconstruction the Durres of- Tirana a new Railwaylink to TIA Line and construction of a New Railway Line to Tirana International Works Open 2 Albania 48466 Albanian Railways Airport Consultancy Competitive Selection 2021 3 Albania 48466 Albanian Railways Asset Management Plan and Track Access Charges Consultancy Competitive Selection 2021 4 Albania 49351 Albania Infrastructure and tourism enabling Albania: Tourism-led Model For Local Economic Development Consultancy Competitive Selection 2021 5 Albania 49351 Albania Infrastructure and tourism enabling Infrastructure and Tourism Enabling Programme: Gender and Economic Inclusion Programme Manager Consultancy Competitive Selection 2021 6 Albania 50123 Regional and Local Roads Connectivity Rehabilitation of Vlore - Orikum Road (10.6 km) Works Open 2022 7 Albania 50123 Regional and Local Roads Connectivity Upgrade of Zgosth - Ura e Cerenecit road Section (47.1km) Works Open 2022 8 Albania 50123 Regional and Local Roads Connectivity Works supervision Consultancy Competitive Selection 2021 9 Albania 50123 Regional and Local Roads Connectivity PIU support Consultancy Competitive Selection 2021 10 Albania 51908 Kesh Floating PV Project Design, build and operation of the floating photovoltaic plant located on Vau i Dejës HPP Lake Works Open 2021 11 Albania 51908
    [Show full text]
  • Hotararea Nr. 3 Din 27.02.2014
    Anexa 1 la Hotărârea nr. 3/27.02.2014 TERRAMARA INVESTMENT CONSULTANCY SRL Volumul I Raportul Studiului de Fezabilitate CONTINUT 1 Sumar Executiv 4 1.1 Sumar Executiv Proiect 4 2 Informatii Generale 4 2.1 Introducere in Studiul de Fezabilitate 4 2.2 Contextul Zonei de Proiect 5 3 Cadrul General al Poiectului 7 3.1 Documente Relevante pentru Proiect 7 Rezultate Master Plan, Studiu de Fezabilitate si Implementare 3.2 8 Aplicatie POS Mediu 2007 - 2013 3.3 Cadrul Natural in Zona Proiectului 12 Cadrul Natural 12 Relieful 12 Clima 13 Vegetatie, Flora, Fauna 13 Geologie si Hidrogeologie 14 Resurse Naturale 15 3.4 Evaluarea Socio - Economica 18 3.5 Cadrul Legal si Institutuional 20 Cadrul Legal 20 Cadrul Institutional 22 4 Analiza Situatiei Curente si Prognoze 24 4.1 Informatii Generale in Zona Proiectului 24 4.1.1 Infrastructura de Apa 24 4.1.1.1 – Sistemul Zonal de Alimentare cu Apa Calafat – Poiana Mare – 25 Ciupercenii Vechi 4.1.1.2 - Sistemul Zonal de Alimentare cu Apa Bailesti 29 4.1.1.3 - Sistemul Zonal de Alimentare cu Apa Filiasi 32 4.1.1.4 - Sistemul Zonal de Alimentare cu Apa Segarcea 34 4.1.2 Infrastructura de Apa Uzata 37 4.1.2.1 – Clusterul de Apa Uzata Calafat 39 4.1.2.2 – Clusterul de Apa Uzata Bailesti – Poiana Mare 42 4.1.2.3 – Clusterul de Apa Uzata Dabuleni – Calarasi - Bechet 46 4.1.2.4 – Clusterul de Apa Uzata Filiasi 52 4.1.2.5 – Clusterul de Apa Uzata Segarcea 55 5 Deversare Apa Uzata Industriala 59 5.1 Contextul Deversarilor de Ape Uzate Industriale 59 6 Managementul Namolului 59 6.1 Contextul Managementului Namolurilor
    [Show full text]
  • Study of Heavy Metals Existing in the Danube Wa- Ters in Turnu Severin – Bechet Section
    South Western Journal of Vol.2, No.1, 2011 Horticulture, Biology and Environment pp.47-55 P-Issn: 2067- 9874, E-Issn: 2068-7958 STUDY OF HEAVY METALS EXISTING IN THE DANUBE WA- TERS IN TURNU SEVERIN – BECHET SECTION Elena GAVRILESCU University of Craiova, Horticulture Faculty, A.I.Cuza Street, no. 13, Craiova, Romania E-mail: [email protected] Abstract. The Danube River Protection Convention and the Environment Programme of the Danube River Basin aim to the complex assessment of water quality at the national level and of its development trends in order to substantiate the measures and policies to reduce pollution, plus other pri- ority objectives as the quantification of the heavy metals content (Lack 1997). The monitored sections in the study, respectively Turnu Severin - Calafat - Bechet were part of the TNMN network for tracking the Danube water quality (Harmancioglu et al. 1997).The heavy metals are from both the upstream of Turnu Severin and from the Jiu River. After the study conducted in 2007-2009 there were found in some metals significant amounts of nickel, copper, chromium, arsenic and lead in particular. Key words: monitoring, heavy metals, aquatic ecosystem, water pollution, the Danube INTRODUCTION Danube represents the biggest water resource for Romania being more than double (85x109 cm/year) in comparison with the inland water (river and lakes), which represents about 40x109 cm/year, but the possibilities of their use in natural regime are limited because of different technical reasons (Botterweg & Rodda 1999). Even so the importance of the Danube health is of major concern for Romania as well as for other countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Diagnostic Analysis of the Agricultural Population of the Dolj County, Romania
    Research Journal of Agricultural Science, 45 (4), 2013 DIAGNOSTIC ANALYSIS OF THE AGRICULTURAL POPULATION OF THE DOLJ COUNTY, ROMANIA Gabriela POPESCU* *Banat`s University of Agricultural Science and Veterinary Medicine from Timisoara Corresponding author: [email protected] Abstract. The paper presents in brief a diagnostic analysis of the agricultural population of the Dolj County, Romania, identifying the needs of this population with a view to local socio-economic development in accordance with EU goals: balanced regional development and improved general living conditions. Key words: diagnostic analysys, population, agriculture, rural INTRODUCTION Located in south-west Romania, the Dolj County lies between 40,000’ and 44,030’ north latitude and 22,000’ and 23,000’ east longitude; the River Jiu crosses it from north to south. The Dolj County covers 7,414 km2; its neighbours are the counties of Gorj and Valcea to the north, the Old County to the east, the Mehedinţi County to the west, and the River Danube to the south (border with Bulgaria). MATERIAL AND METHODS To achieve the diagnostic analysis of the agricultural population of the Dolj County, we had in view the present state of the county agriculture (mainly vegetal and animal productions), the demographics of the county’s population and, within the rural population, rural development, rural potential, and social factors. To do so, we used statistics from both local and national sources (National Institute of Statistics, The Strategy of Socio-economic Development of the Dolj County for the Period 2007-2013). RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Agriculture The Dolj County over 3.1% of the total area of the country and 3.9% of the total agricultural land of the country.
    [Show full text]
  • Study Regarding Attractions and Tourist Objectives from Dolj County
    Chirila M. et al./Scientific Papers: Animal Science and Biotechnologies, 2019, 52 (2) Study Regarding Attractions and Tourist Objectives from Dolj County Mariana Chirilă1, Daniel Chirilă1, Claudia Sîrbulescu2* 1Polytechnic University Timisoara, Piața Victoriei, No.2, Romania 2Banat’s University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine "King Michael I of Romania" from Timisoara, Faculty of Management and Rural Tourism, Calea Aradului, No 119, Romania Abstract Oltenia, although it is less known, is of surprising complexity where there are countless monasteries and hermitages, resorts with "waters that make wonders", villages with old wooden churches, caves, gorges and wonderful wings. Located in southern Romania, in the Oltenia region, Dolj County is a very fruitful and attractive tourist area, with many attractions for tourists. In order to promote the objectives and tourist attractions from Dolj County, we have presented in this study the ones that should not be missed by a tourist in this area, including the Craiova Art Museum, the Amza Pellea Memorial House, The Roman Castro from Răcarii de Jos, Segarcea wine cellar, Cetate Port, special reservations such as the Paleontological one from Bucovăț, the one Wild Peonies from Plenița, or the Ciuperceni Ornithological Reservation. In the chapter of places of worship, we remembered the Metropolitan Cathedral of St. Dumitru from Craiova, but also the monasteries Cârcea, Maglavit, Sadova. Keywords: forms of tourism, tourism, tourist attractions, tourist spots 1. Introduction important driver of economic growth and prosperity. [3] The existence of a valuable tourist patrimony does Tourism represents an economic and social not automatically lead to the manifestation of a phenomenon of modern civilization, being profitable tourism, unless it is accompanied by anchored in the life of society and in a relationship appropriate services that make them accessible to of interconditionality with it.
    [Show full text]
  • Tendances Hydroclimatiques Dans Le Sud-Ouest De La Roumanie Entre 1961 Et 2009
    XXVIIIe Colloque de l’Association Internationale de Climatologie, Liège 2015 TENDANCES HYDROCLIMATIQUES DANS LE SUD-OUEST DE LA ROUMANIE ENTRE 1961 ET 2009 PR ĂVĂLIE R. (1) , MITOF I. (1) , ZAHARIA L. (1) , BANDOC G. (1) (1) Université de Bucarest, Faculté de Géographie, 1 rue Nicolae B ălcescu, 010041, Bucarest, Roumanie [[email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]; [email protected]] Résumé - Cette étude a pour but d’identifier les tendances hydroclimatiques durant la période 1961-2009 et la relation entre la variation de certains paramètres climatiques et hydrologiques, dans le sud-ouest de la Roumanie. Pour l’analyse des tendances, nous avons utilisé les tests statistiques Mann-Kendall/Sen’s slope, et pour l’évaluation des correlations, les tests Spearman et Student. Les résultats montrent une augmentation générale des valeurs annuelles du déficit climatique d’humidité, responsable d’une diminution générale des écoulements. À l’échelle saisonnière, la même situation se retrouve au printemps, en hiver et en été, tandis qu’en automne, la situation est généralement opposée. Les corrélations statistiques ont indiqué, en général, une liaison relativement étroite entre les paramètres hydroclimatiques ; les situations avec des corrélations faibles peuvent être expliquées par l’action d’autres facteurs (particulièrement anthropiques) qui ont influencé les écoulements dans les dernières décennies. Mots-clés : tendances, paramètres hydroclimatiques, Mann-Kendall, Sen’s slope, corrélations, le sud-ouest de la Roumanie. Abstract - Hydroclimatic trends in south-western Romania between 1961 and 2009. This paper aims to identify hydroclimatic trends between 1961 and 2009, and the relationship between the variation of certain climatic and hydrological parameters in south-western Romania.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Future LOCATION Craiova Lies in the South-West of Romania
    CRAIOVA Economic future LOCATION Craiova lies in the South-West of Romania. It is the residential city of Dolj County and the most important economic, social and cultural center of Oltenia South-East Development Region. Craiova is the second most important city after Bucharest, at the South of the Carpathian Mountains and comprises approximately 40% of Dolj County total population. • covers 8.141 ha surface area • includes 13 districts. • number of inhabitants of Craiova: 298,488. • number of inhabitants of Dolj county: 660,544. ADVANTAGES Craiova and Dolj County are located in the plain area of Romania. The hydrological network in Dolj County consists of the Danube River and the Jiu River. Energy resources in Dolj County: • oil and natural gas with exploitation centers in Brădești, Ghercești, Coșoveni • In Craiova and the immediate vicinity, there are the headquarters of 2 large thermal power plants, with installed capacities of over 1000 MW: Ișalnița and Craiova II. The average annual temperature in Craiova is 10.8 degrees Celsius. Inhabitants Craiova: 298.488. Inhabitants Dolj: 660.544. Craiova is a geostrategic landmark for the cross-border region, being located halfway between the 3 capitals - Sofia, Bucharest and Belgrade. Proof - the meeting in Craiova, in 2015, of the 3 prime ministers of Romania, Bulgaria and Serbia, when the Craiova Group was founded. Craiova is part of the Craiova Metropolitan Area - an inter-community development association established in 2008, on the basis of a voluntary partnership, for a balanced development of the territory. CRAIOVA METROPOLITAN AREA This association was made between the Municipality of Craiova and the localities in the nearby area of influence.
    [Show full text]
  • (Irrs) Mission
    IAEA-NS-IRRS-2011/01 ORIGINAL: English INTEGRATED REGULATORY REVIEW SERVICE (IRRS) MISSION TO ROMANIA Bucharest 17 to 28 January 2011 DEPARTMENT OF NUCLEAR SAFETY AND SECURITY i INTEGRATED REGULATORY REVIEW SERVICE (IRRS) REPORT TO THE GOVERNMENT OF ROMANIA Bucharest, Romania 17 to 28 January 2011 ii INTEGRATED REGULATORY REVIEW SERVICE (IRRS) REPORT TO THE GOVERNMENT OF ROMANIA Mission date: 17 to 28 January 2011 Regulatory body: CNCAN Location: Bucharest, Romania Regulated facilities and Nuclear power plants; research reactors; fuel cycle facilities; medical, industrial practices: and research facilities, radioactive waste facilities, decommissioning and remediation. Organized by: International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) IRRS REVIEW TEAM Greg Rzentkowski Team Leader (Canada) Olga Makarovska Deputy Team Leader (Ukraine) Robbie Gray (UK) Maria Helena Marechal (Brazil) Jarlath Duffy (Ireland) Seung-Young Jeong (South Korea) Kai Möller (Germany) Marina Nizamska (Bulgaria) Ronald Bellamy (United States of America) Matjaž Podjavoršek (Slovenia) Adeline Clos (France) Jan Husarcek (Slovakia) Miguel Santini (Canada) David Graves Team Coordinator (IAEA) Hazem Suman Deputy Team Coordinator (IAEA) Martyn Ubani Administrative Assistant (IAEA) Jeannot Boogaard Observer (IAEA) IAEA-2011 iii The number of recommendations, suggestions and good practices is in no way a measure of the status of the regulatory body. Comparisons of such numbers between IRRS reports from different countries should not be attempted. iv CONTENT EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ..........................................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • The Wind Deflation from Sand Areas Affected by Atmosferic Dryness: Leu-Rotunda and Dăbuleni Fields (Oltenia Plain)
    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Directory of Open Access Journals THE WIND DEFLATION FROM SAND AREAS AFFECTED BY ATMOSFERIC DRYNESS: LEU-ROTUNDA AND DĂBULENI FIELDS (OLTENIA PLAIN) ROȘCA FLORINA CRISTINA 1, PETREA D.2 ABSTRACT. The wind deflation from sand areas affected by atmospheric dryness: Leu-Rotonda and Dăbuleni Fields (Oltenia Plain). Leu-Rotunda and Dăbuleni Fields are characterized by substantial extension of sandy soils. The sands on the left of Jiu are poli-stratificated fluvial deposits eolian shaped as dunes and interdunes. During the reported period 1980-2007, it was found that the most exposed time of the year to the wind was during the spring, the months of March, April and May as in speed and frequency. According to the analyzed data, the dominant wind direction during spring season on the sandy soils from Dăbuleni is the western, with negative effects on crops who then begin their vegetation cycle. The shelterbelts have decreased, although lately there have been numerous programs which aimed afforestation of affected areas. Keywords: The Leu-Rotunda and Dăbuleni Fields, wind deflation, CLC, shelterbelts. 1. INTRODUCTION The studies regarding to the south-eastern Oltenia Plain highlight in general negative aspects especially when in discussion are present risk climatic phenomena such as wind deflation. The two subunits, Leu-Rotunda Field and Dăbuleni Field are integral parts of Oltenia Plain (Fig. 1). In their turn also they are divided such as the natural subunits for the northern according to Coteţ (1957) we have the Jiu Plain with the plain flood Moor Green-Rojiştea, famous for its rich vegetation and abandoned meanders and Malu-Mare–Tâmbureşti Plain, a terraces plain drowned by dunes.
    [Show full text]
  • Airborne Concentrations and Chemical Considerations
    Supporting Information for Radioactive Ruthenium from an Undeclared Major Nuclear Release in 2017, Part 1: Airborne Concentrations and Chemical Considerations Table of contents Table S1: Airborne 106Ru activity concentrations (mBq·m-3) 2 Table S2: Airborne 103Ru activity concentrations (mBq·m-3) and 103Ru/106Ru isotopic ratio 30 Table S3: Dry + wet fallout/deposition of 106Ru (Bq·m-2) and 106Ru activity concentrations in rainwater (Bq·L-1) 31 Table S4: 106Ru deposition on plant and soil (Bq·m-2 or Bq·kg-1 fresh) 34 Datasets used 36 Radioactive properties and use of 106Ru 36 Discussion of a possible satellite re-entry 36 Sequence of airborne 106Ru detections in Ukraine 37 Correction for plume duration 37 Chemistry of ruthenium and solubility experiments 38 Volatilization experiments 40 Imaging plate (IP) autoradiography 41 Scanning electron microscopic imaging of the filter surface 42 Gamma-ray spectrum 43 References 44 1 www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1907571116 Table S1: Airborne 106Ru activity concentrations (mBq·m-3). Results are usually given with 2. Uncertainty in %. Country Location Latitude Longitude Start Start End End 106Ru ± (decimal) (decimal) date hour date hour (mBq·m-3) (%) Austria Alt Prerau 48.7964 16.4753 25/09/17 04:03 02/10/17 04:09 11.1 8 Austria Alt Prerau 48.7964 16.4753 25/09/17 04:03 02/10/17 04:09 0.003 43 Austria Bregenz 47.5048 9.7264 25/09/17 04:40 02/10/17 07:00 <0.1 Austria Bregenz 47.5048 9.7264 26/09/17 04:40 03/10/17 07:00 <0.017 Austria Graz 47.0755 15.4505 25/09/17 09:53 02/10/17 06:20 9.1 6 Austria
    [Show full text]
  • Study on the Development of Tourism for Seniors in Dolj County
    SC EMPRI CONSULTING SRL STUDY ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF TOURISM FOR SENIORS IN DOLJ COUNTY Document drafted within the project ”Friendly destinations for seniors 55+”, eMS Code ROBG 436, project financed by the European Regional Development Fund under the INTERREG V-A Romania-Bulgaria Program CRAIOVA May, 2019 www.interregrobg.eu The content of this material does not necessarily represent the official position of the European Union CONTENTS INTRODUCTION............................................................................................................................................................ 3 I. OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY ................................................................................................................................ 5 II. RESEARCH METHODOLOGY ................................................................................................................................ 7 III. THE TOURIST POTENTIAL OF DOLJ COUNTY AND ITS ATTRACTION FOR PEOPLE OVER 50 YEARS OLD….. .......................................................................................................................................................................... 9 III.1. CULTURAL POTENTIAL ................................................................................................................................... 9 III.2. MONASTERIES AND CHURCHES FAVOURABLE TO A RELIGIOUS TOURISM ....................................... 33 III.3. ELEMENTS OF NATURAL HERITAGE AND THE SENIOR TOURISM ........................................................
    [Show full text]