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Seasonal Abundance and Diversity of Bird in Jabal Awlia Dam in Khartoum

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Seasonal Abundance and Diversity of Bird in Jabal Awlia Dam in Khartoum Sudan Journal of Science and Technology (2018) 19(2) Sudan Journal of Science and Technology Journal homepage: http://jst.sustech.edu/ Seasonal Abundance and Diversity of Bird in Jabal Awlia Dam in Khartoum State, Sudan in 2014 1 2 Nawal Nugud Margani and Ali Saad Department of Fisheries and Wildlife Science Sudan University of Science and Technology ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT ARTICLE HISTORY This study describes bird fauna in Jabal Awlia area (Forest Received: 25/8/2018 and Khazan), with emphasis on wetland. The study was Accepted: 7/9/2018 conducted under natural conditions at Jabal Awlia area, Available online: Sudan.To the best of my knowledge, no previous studies December2018 were conducted in this area, so the studies of the area Keywords: become basic necessity.The objective of this study were to Bird fauna, document avifauna of Jabal Awlia –Identify avifauna, bird diversity, document their seasonal movement, as far as possible, dry season, quantify such changes during the wet and dry seasons. The wet season, Jabal Awlia, investigation was carried out between (April-November Khartoum. 2014).The study area was patrolled by car and on food from 6.30am to 5 pm(direct observation ), identification of birds was executed using (Williams 1991 and Sinclair and Ryan 2010), Afield binocular Pentax of magnification (10×50) at approximately (4-8m) were used for observation of birds.The result was tabulated in months, there were 44species.The highest numbers of bird which were recorded in wet season was 1615.The Sparrow house Passer domesticus and some Ardeidae species, Cattle egret Bubulcus ibis,Little egret Egretta garzetta were the abundant species throughout surveyed area which they represented more than half (53.2). 2018 Sudan University of Science and Technology. All rights reserved INTRODUCTION: Wet lands include marshes, swamps, According to Ramsar convention vales, ponds.There are two type of (1971); wetlands are defined as areas wetland; natural wetlands and man of marsh, or water, whether natural or made wetlands like dams on the Nile artificial, permanent or temporary, for example Sennar dam and Jabal with water that is static or flowing Awlia dam, Kashm el Girba dam and fresh, brackish or salt, including areas Roseires dam.Jabal Awlia dam was of marine water, the depth of which at constructed in 1937 to augment the low tide does not exceedsix meters. storage of water for summer Sudan Journal of Science and Technology December (2018) vol. 19 No. 2 89 ISSN (Print): 1605 427x e-ISSN (Online): 1858-6716 irrigation.It is ayearly storage dam summer bird visitors from Europe and with aregime similar to that of Sinnar the rest of the palearctic region. It is dam. It worth mentioning that it is the also considered as an important centre only dam in the Sudan with afish of some African migrant birds which passage way and a navigation lock. spend their summer, especially the Waterbirds constitute one of the most rainy season in the northern part of important faunal components of their range returning south during wetlands (Pescador and Perris, 2007). October after the breeding season. However, these waterbirds are seldom In this paper, we provide a preliminary distributed uniformly in the wetlands survey has been conducted for the bird because some of them only occur for fauna at Jabal Awlia dam during the part of their annual cycles, breeding or period of April-Octoper 2014. The wintering, Moreover, lakes and ponds goal is to provide a solid base of can be important areas of concentration knowledgein order to guide during the annual migration of certain management and conservation the species of birds. The abundance of forest of the dam. these birds is associated with local MATERIALS AND METHOD: environmental conditions as well as the Study Site: the study area consists of the specific demands of each species two parts, the first part; Forest area the (Pescadorand Peris, 2007). Thus, tree species covers the forest is Al- waterbird abundance on a local scale Sunut (Acacia nilotica) which extends depends upon habitat characteristics, to the West, and North beside the area and avabilability and distribution; food of the dam.This area is covered with density and the availability of suitable water in wet season (June – October) breeding sites (pescador and peris .The second part is Al Khazzan (The 2007). The only major publication was dam) area (which is covered with a distribution atlas of Sudan’s birds storage water). The study area is a very (Nikolaus 1987), which recorded more important wetland ecosystem; it than 972 species. Including more than provides a refuge to wildlife including 200 migratory species coming from birds fishes and floral species. It is also Europe and Asia which are palearctic important as rangeland for livestock migrants which come to spend the cold and it's woodland is important habitat months of winter in Sudan. The large for breeding birds especially Little e numbers of African birds have gret and Cattle egret .The seasonal movement within the geographical coordinates are 15° 15´ continent always coinciding with the North 32° 30´ eastwithin 50km south rainy season. Many of the local Sudan of Khartaum, also there were some birds undertake local seasonal farms through this line . There are movements (Nicklaus, 1987). Sudan another species of tree covers the study birds have been classified into three area in few numbers for example, Kiter groups: resident, locally migrating, and (Acacia mellifera) and Meskeat Palearctic migratory birds. (Prosopis glandulosa), and Talih Khartoum is considered a transitional ahmar (Acacia seyal), it is noteworthy, zone between the extreme desert to the because it has several roles to play in north and the dry wood savannah to the the site. Acacia is nitrogen support and south. Therefore, representatives of good habitat for birds; they are like to birds of both Desert and savannah nest at the branches of it. species are found there.It islocated on Climate: the climate of Khartoum is the great migration route of most of the tropical desert .There are three seasons Sudan Journal of Science and Technology December (2018) vol. 19 No. 2 90 ISSN (Print): 1605 427x e-ISSN (Online): 1858-6716 per year cool winter,dry season and a identify all species of birds as far as rainy season (wet season). The rain possible.Afield binocular Pentax of fall is about 150mm per annum. The magnification (10×50) at forest which is nearest to the khazzan approximately (4-8m) and two field (dam) is flooded during the rainy guides (Williams 1991 and Sinclair season (June -October). Later, during and Ryan 2010) were used for winter and dry season, the forest identification and recording of birds becomes totally dry. species. Identification of birds sound Investigation of bird diversity: the was also used to supplement the direct study area was reached and patrolled field observation. on foot by in order to record and Table (1): Estimates of the numbers of individual bird species seen at Jabal Awlia during the study period (April –November 2014) Estimated numbers of birds in study area Common name Scientific name Apr Ma Jun July Aug Sept Octob Nove White Pelican Pelican onocrotalus 0 0 0 3 6 5 0 0 Long tailed cormorant Phalacrocorax africanus 13 11 0 0 0 0 0 0 Great cormorant Phalacrocorax carbo 8 `7 5 0 0 0 0 0 Grey Heron Ardea cinerea 3 5 0 0 0 0 1 1 Cattle Egret Bubulcus ibis 5 5 15 30 80 65 13 2 Little Egret Egretta garzetta 9 12 100 86 25 11 0 0 Great White Egret Egretta alba 7 3 20 13 3 0 2 0 African Open –bill Stork Anastomus lamelligerus 23 12 0 0 0 0 0 0 Black stork Ciconia nigra 6 2 0 0 0 0 0 0 Abdims Stork Ciconid abdimii 5 3 8 7 0 0 0 0 Glossy Ibis Plegadis falcinellus 0 0 0 5 4 0 0 0 Spur-winged plover Vanellus spinosus 10 6 17 11 3 0 0 0 Whiskered tern Chlidonias hybrida 6 0 0 0 0 4 0 0 Black Kite Milvus migrans 5 3 4 2 10 17 20 15 Namaqua dove Oena capensis 12 20 0 0 0 0 1 0 Mourning Dove Streptopelia decipiens 0 2 1 0 4 1 2 0 Laughing dove Streptopelia senegalensis 8 10 0 0 0 0 6 4 Pink-headed Dove Streptopelia roseogrisea 6 1 4 0 2 0 2 5 Turtle Dove Streptopelia turtur 0 0 0 0 0 3 1 0 Eurasian Swift Apus apus 13 10 0 11 20 8 3 3 Alpine Swift Apus melba 6 0 0 0 0 0 13 12 Blue-napped Mouse bird Urocolius macrourus 5 0 3 0 0 2 0 4 European Bee-eater Merops apiaster 20 0 0 0 0 35 32 0 Eurasian Roller Coracias garrulus 0 0 0 1 6 4 1 0 Common Hoopoe Upupa epops 2 0 0 0 4 2 2 0 Chestnut back Sparrow Eremopterix leucotis Lark 0 0 0 14 8 0 0 0 Eurassian Swallow Hirundo rustica 2 3 1 0 3 0 0 3 times a every months at different sites. Bird species were identified and quantified. Discussion with local The count of birds was done at every 30 minute intervals, number of birds people was carried out to determine avifauna species and their numbers, for each species sighted were recorded, wether perching on trees, wire of breeding activity, feeding location. The survey period covered one years from electericity, flying overhead and for a session of two hours. April to November 2014. Observation started at 6.30am and ended at 5 pm Data Analysis: SPSS (version 20) software packages were used for and the species and the number were recorded from the start point (my statistical analyses.
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