The Middle East a Guide To

Home , Jamil Mardam Bey, Levant

A Guide to

O.S.S./State Department Intelligence and Research Reports

The Middle East A Guide to

O.S.S./State Department Intelligence and Research Reports

VII The middle East

Edited by Paul Kesaris

UPA A MICROFILM PROJECT OF UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA, INC. 5630 Connecticut Ave. Washington, D.C. 20015

MIDDLE EAST

1 Memorandum on the Near East. October 17, 1941. 24pp. 2 Axis Propaganda in the Moslem World. December 23, 1941. 6pp. 3 Economic Conditions in the Near East. November 2, 1942. 32pp. 4 Jews in the Polish Middle East Army. November 25, 1943. llpp. 5 Notes and Comments Relating to Arab Unity, August-De- cember 1943. January 8, 1944. 37pp. 6 Conflicts and Agreements of Interest to the United Nations in the Near East. January 10, 1944. 96pp. 7 Some Recent British Pronouncements Concerning the Near East. January 13, 1944. 13pp. 8 The British Treaty Position in the Arabian Peninsula. Febru- ary 4, 1944. 40pp. 9 The Arabian Oil Agreement. February 12, 1944. 6pp. 10 The Present Position of the Jews in the Arab World, 1944. April 4, 1944. 38pp. 11 Communist and Pro-Russian Trends in the Near East. May 23, 1944. 72pp. 12 Collated English Version of the Arab League Pact. April 5, 1945. 27pp. 13 Possible Reactions in Palestine and the Near East to the Anglo-American Committee Report. April 9, 1946. 7pp. 14 Background, Development, and Prospects of the Arab League to Mid-1946. July 1, 1946. 61pp. 15 Political Parties in Selected Near East Countries. March 2, 1948. llpp. 16 The Potentials of World Communism: The Arab League States. August 1, 1949. 20pp. AFGHANISTAN

17 Strategic Survey of Afghanistan. December 1941. 51pp. 18 Summary of the Major Industries and Estimate of the Poli- tical Situation: Afghanistan. October 28, 1946. 6pp. 19 The Controversy between Iran and Afghanistan over the Hel- mand River Waters. October 24, 1947. 43pp., 1 map. EGYPT

20 Notes on Khartoum, Port Sudan, and El 0 Beid. May 21, 1942. llpp. 21 Possible Effects of the Collapse of the Egyptian Front on the United Nations' Position in Africa, the Near East, and the Middle East. July 7, 1942. 67pp. 22 Strategic Survey: Egypt. June 1943. 187pp. 23 The Problem of the Suez-Cairo Pipeline. February 2, 1945. 12pp. 24 Political Parties and Personalities in Egypt. September 15, 1945. 33pp. 25 The Anglo-Egyptian Controversy and the United Nations. March 15, 1946. 7pp. 26 An Evaluation of Egyptian Claims to Territory in Libya. June 1, 1948. 16pp. IRAN 27 Comments on the Political Situation in Iran from August to December 1941. December 1941. 5pp. 28 The Kurdish Revolt in Iran. May 19, 1942. 12pp. 29 Enemy and Allied Propaganda in Iran. October 7, 1943. 28pp. 30 The Morale and Discipline of American Troops in Iran. De- cember 1943. 26pp. 31 Remarks on Iran and Turkey. January 1, 1944. 8pp. 32 Survey of Iranian Oil Concessions. April 8, 1944. 32pp. 33 Iranian Oil as a Potential Source of Political Conflict. May 9, 1944. 18pp. Reel II

IRAN [Continued]

1 The Present Situation in Iran with Regard to the Millspaugh Mission (May-Get. 1944). November 27, 1944. 30pp. 2 The Tribal Problem in Iran's Domestic and Foreign Politics. March 15, 1945. 44pp. 3 Attitude of the Soviet Press and Radio toward Iran, (n.d.) 10pp. 4 The Conduct of the Iranian Army in Azerbaijan. May 8, 1947. 15pp. 5 Iranian and Soviet Interpretations of the Treaty of Friend- ship of 1921. April 28, 1948. 76pp. 6 Current Pro-Soviet Orientation in Iran. October 11, 1948. 8pp. 7 Iran. February 15, 1949. 29pp. 8 The Transfer of the Assyrians of Iraq. October 31, 1944. 12pp. 9 Summary of Major Industries and Estimate of Political Situa- tion: Iraq. November 14, 1946. 12pp. KUWAIT

10 Strategic Survey: Kuwait. May 12, 1942. 29pp. 11 Comparison of Kuwait Orders in Council 1935 and 1949. June 29, 1949. 16pp. 12 Crisis in Lebanon. November 15, 1943. 14pp. 13 The Position and Influence of the Catholic Church in Lebanon. November 15, 1944. 25pp. 14 Biographies of the Lebanese Cabinet of Ri'ad Bey Al-Sulh. February 13, 1947. 23pp. 15 Biographic Reports on Members of the Lebanese Cabinet Formed June 9, 1947. June 30, 1947. 19pp. LEVANT STATES

16 Strategic Survey: The Levant States of Syria, Lebanon, La- takia, and Jebel Druze. March 1942. 78pp. 17 British-French Relations and Administration in the Levant States. August 11, 1943. 14pp. 18 Enemy Espionage in the Levant States. September 27, 1943. 10pp. 19 The French Legal Position in the Levant Stated" October 29, 1943. 26pp. LIBYA

20 A Definition of the Present Boundaries of Libya. September 19, 1947. 17pp., 1 map. 21 The Economic Situation in Libya. September 12, 1947. 12pp. 22 Examination of the Concept of the Unity of Libya. April 26, 1949. 16pp. PALESTINE

23 Strategic Survey of Palestine and Transjordan. March 1, 1942. 211pp. 24 Zionism—Aims and Prospects. April 1942. 12pp. 25 Illicit Arming by Arabs and Jews in Palestine. September 30, 1943. 28pp. 26 Gold, Diamond, and Narcotic Smuggling in Palestine and the Levant States. October 22, 1943. 15pp. 27 Palestine Arab Labor under Government Sponsorship. No- vember 2, 1943. 5pp. 28 Status and Prospects of the White Paper on Palestine. March 2, 1944. 56pp. 29 Political Parties and Personalities in Palestine. June 16, 1944. 83pp., 2 graphs. 30 The Anglo-American Problem in Palestine. July 20, 1944. 18pp. 31 The Problem of Jewish Immigration into Palestine. Octo- ber 4, 1944. 27pp. 32 The Objectives and Activities of the Irgun Zvai Leumi. Oc- tober 13, 1944. 9pp. 33 The Aims and Activities of the Stern Group in Palestine. December 1, 1944. 19pp. 34 Palestine: Map Interpretation and Evaluation. February 4, 1947. 66pp., 3 maps. Reel III

PALESTINE [Continued]

1 The Soviet Position on Palestine. May 7, 1947. 12pp. 2 Possible Developments with Respect to Palestine after May 15. May 14, 1948. 23pp. 3 Israeli Political Parties and Leaders. January 14, 1949. 63pp. SAUDI ARABIA

4 The Position of Saudi Arabia within the Arab World. Febru- ary 4, 1944. 28pp. 5 Tribes of Northern Saudi Arabia and Transjordan. May 4, 1944. 61pp., 1 map. SYRIA

6 Island Approaches to Syria, (n.d.) 48pp. 7 The Problem of Hatay. March 29, 1945. 38pp. 8 Biographies of the Syrian Cabinet of Jamil Mardam Bey. Feb- ruary 27, 1947. 22pp. TRANSJORDAN

9 Budgetary Position of the Government of Transjordan. Feb- ruary 3, 1947. 17pp. 10 The Economic Situation in Transjordan. September 16, 1947. 9pp. 11 Anglo-Transjordan Treaties of 1946 and 1948. April 6, 1948. 41pp. TURKEY

12 Turkey: Population and Social Conditions. 1942. 14pp. 13 Turkey: Migration. 1942. 4pp. 14 Turkey: Amusement and Recreation, and Housing. 1942. 7pp. 15 Turkey: Sanitary Conditions. 1942. 7pp. 16 Turkey: Characteristics of the Population. 1942. 5pp. 17 Turkey: Road Transportation, and Mail and Courier Service. 1942. 7pp. 18 Turkey: Minorities. 1942. 12pp. 19 Turkey: Living Conditions and Home Environment, and Eco- nomics. 1942. 22pp. 20 Social Hierarchy: Control and Communications in Turkey. March 19, 1942. 23pp. 21 Social Conditions, Attitudes, and Propaganda in Turkey with Suggestions for American Orientation toward the Turks. April 24, 1942. 21pp. 22 In the War of Independence: From Samsun to Izmir. August 5, 1942. 106pp., 1 map. 23 Present-Day Turkish Leaders. November 13, 1943. 70pp. 24 Turkish Political Opinion and Policy since the Moscow Con- ference. April 14, 1944. 20pp. 25 The Capital Levy: A Key to the Understanding of Current Trends in Turkey. May 3, 1944. 35pp. 26 Opposition Groups in Turkey, 1943-1944. September 1, 1944. 18pp. 27 Character and Composition of the Turkish Press, 1939-1944. January 8, 1945. 57pp. 28 The Straits and Allied Policy. January 30, 1945. 28pp. 29 Evaluation of Selected Map Materials Covering the Darda- nelles and Northwest Turkey. November 2, 1945. 41pp. 30 Notes on Armenian National Aspirations and the Soviet Claims to the Eastern Provinces of Turkey. March 12, 1946. 23pp. 31 Evaluation of Map Coverage of Northeastern Turkey. April 5, 1946. 75pp., 1 map. 32 Comments on the Soviet Note to the Turkish Government. August 15, 1946. 7pp. 33 Observations on the Soviet Note of September 24, 1946, to the Turkish Government with Respect to the Straits. October 4, 1946. 4pp. 34 Some "Precedents" for Joint Turkish-Soviet Control of the Straits. October 29, 1946. 19pp. 35 Turkey's Production and Consumption Prospects, 1947. March 21, 1947. 15pp. 36 National Income, Budget, and Debt of Turkey, 1947. May 27, 1947. 13pp. 37 Turkey: Handbook of Economic Statistics. February 12, 1948. 87pp. 38 Turkish Communists and Communist Sympathizers. March 1, 1949. 28pp. Subject Index

The following index is a guide to the major subjects of the three reels and is usually limited to one reference and, sometimes, one cross-reference for each report. The Roman numeral refers to the reel, and the Arabic numeral refers to the order of the reports within that reel; hence, II: 7 is the seventh report in the second reel.

Afghanistan Economy I: 17 Foreign Relations I: 19 Government 1:17 Helmand River 1:19 Industry I: 18 Iran 1:19 Politics 1:17,18 Population 1:17 Social Conditions I: 17

Arab League Middle East 1:12, 14, 16

Arab Unity Middle East I: 5

Arabian Peninsula Middle East 1:8

Arabs Palestine II: 25

Armenians Turkey Ill: 30 Army Iran 11:4 Middle East I: 4

Assyrians Iraq 11:8

Axis Powers Middle East I: 2

Azerbijan Iran 11:4

Biographies Egypt 1:24 Lebanon II: 14,15 Palestine II: 29; III: 3 Syria Ill: 8

Budget Transjordan Ill: 9 Turkey Ill: 36

Catholic Church Lebanon II: 13

Communications Turkey 111:20

Communism Middle East 1:11,16 Turkey Ill: 37

Dardanelles Turkey Ill: 28, 29, 33, 34

Economy Afghanistan 1:17 Egypt I: 22, 23 Iran 11:1 Kuwait II: 10 Levant States II: 16 Libya 11:21 Middle East I: 3 Palestine II: 23 Transjordan Ill: 10 Turkey Ill: 19, 35, 36

Egypt Biographies I: 24 Economy I: 22, 23 El 0 Beid I: 20 Foreign Relations I: 25, 26 Government I: 22 Great Britain I: 25 Khartoum I: 20 Libya I: 26 Military I: 21 Pipeline I: 23 Politics 1:24 Population I: 22 Port Sudan I: 20 Social Conditions I: 22 United Nations 1:21,25

El O Beid Egypt I: 20

Espionage Levant States II: 18

Foreign Relations Afghanistan I: 19 Egypt I: 25, 26 Iran I: 30; II: 2, 5 Levant States II: 17 Middle East I: 5-8,11,13,16 Palestine II: 27, 30; III: 1 Saudi Arabia Ill: 4 Syria Ill: 7 Transjordan Ill: 11 Turkey Ill: 28, 32-34

France Levant States II: 17,19

Government Afghanistan I: 17 Egypt I: 22 Iran II: 4, 7 Iraq 11:8 Kuwait II: 10,11 Lebanon II: 12,14,15 Levant States II: 16 Middle East 1:1 Palestine II: 23,27; III: 2 Saudi Arabia Ill: 5 Transjordan Ill: 5,9

Great Britain Egypt 1:25 Levant States II: 17 Middle East I: 7,8,13 Palestine II: 30 Transjordan Ill: 11

Hatay Syria 111:7

Helmand River Afghanistan 1:19

Housing Turkey Ill: 14

Illicit Arming Palestine II: 25

Immigration Palestine II: 31

Industry Afghanistan 1:18 Iraq II: 9

Iran Afghanistan 1:19 Army II: 4 Azerbaijan II: 4 Economy II: 1 Foreign Relations I: 30; II: 2, 5 Government II: 4, 7 Kurds I: 28 Millspaugh Mission II: 1 Minorities I: 28 Oil 1:31,32 Politics I: 27, 32; II: 2, 6, 7 Population II: 7 Propaganda I: 29; II: 3 Social Customs II: 7 Territory 1:19 Tribes II: 2 Turkey I: 30 United States Troops I: 29 U.S.S.R I: 30; II: 3, 5, 6

Iraq Assyrians II: 8 Government II: 8 Industry II: 9 Minorities II: 8 Politics II: 9

Irgun Zvai Leumi Palestine II: 32

Israel Palestine Ill: 3

Jamil Mardam Bey, Cabinet Syria Ill: 8

Jebel Druze Levant States II: 16

Jews Middle East I: 4, 10 Palestine II: 25, 31-33

Khartoum Egypt I: 20

Kurds Iran I: 28

Kuwait Economy II: 10 Government II: 10,11 Population II: 10 Social Conditions II: 10 Labor Palestine II: 27

Latakia Levant States II: 16

Lebanon Biographies II: 14,15 Catholic Church II: 13 Government II: 12,14,15 Levant States II: 16 Politics II: 13 Ri'ad Bey Al-Sulh, Cabinet II: 14

Levant States Economy II: 16 Espionage II: 18 Foreign Relations II: 17 France II: 17,19 Government II: 16 Great Britain II: 17 Jebel Druze II: 16 Latakia II: 16 Lebanon II: 16 Population II: 16 Social Customs II: 16 Syria II: 16

Libya Economy II: 21 Egypt 1:26 Politics II: 22 Territory II: 20

Mail Turkey Ill: 17

Middle East Arab League 1:12,14,16 Arab Unity 1:5 Arabian Peninsula I: 8 Axis 1:2 Communism 1:11,16 Economy I: 3 Foreign Relations I: 5-8,11,13,16 Government 1:1 Great Britain I: 7, 8,13 Jews 1:4,10 Oil 1:9 Palestine 1:13 Polish Middle East Army I: 4 Politics 1:1, 5,15 Propaganda I: 2 United Nations 1:6 United States Report 1:13 U.S.S.R 1:11

Migration Turkey Ill: 13

Military Egypt 1:21 Syria Ill: 6

Millspaugh Mission Iran II: 1

Minorities Iran 1:28 Iraq II: 8 Middle East I: 4, 10 Palestine II: 25, 31-33 Turkey Ill: 18, 30

National Debt Turkey 111:35

Oil Iran 1:31,32 Middle East 1:9

Palestine Arabs II: 25 Biographies II: 29; III: 3 Economy II: 23 Foreign Relations II: 28, 30; III: 1 Government II: 23, 27; III: 2 Great Britain II: 30 Illicit Arming II: 25 Immigration II: 31 Irgun Zvai Leumi II: 32 Jews II: 25,31-33 Labor II: 27 Middle East 1:13 Politics II: 24, 29, 33; III: 2, 3 Population II: 23 Smuggling II: 26 Social Conditions II: 23 Stern Group II: 33 Territories II: 34 Terrorists II: 32, 33 United States II: 30 U.S.S.R IU:1 Zionism II: 24

Pipeline Egypt 1:23

Polish Middle East Army Middle East I: 4

Politics Afghanistan 1:17,18 Egypt 1:24 Iran I: 27, 32; II: 2, 6, 7 Iraq 11:9 Lebanon II: 13 Libya 11:22 Middle East 1:1, 5.15 Palestine II: 24, 29, 33; III: 2, 3 Turkey Ill: 20, 23, 24, 26, 37

Population Afghanistan 1:17 Egypt 1:22 Iran II: 7 Kuwait 11:10 Levant States II: 16 Palestine II: 23 Saudi Arabia Ill: 5 Transjordan Ill: 5 Turkey Ill: 12,16

Port Sudan Egypt 1:20 Propaganda Iran I: 29; II: 3 Middle East I: 2 Turkey Ill: 21

Press Turkey Ill: 27

Recreation Turkey Ill: 14

Sanitation Turkey Ill: 15

Saudi Arabia Foreign Relations Ill: 4 Government Ill: 5 Population Ill: 5

Smuggling Palestine II: 26 Transjordan II: 26

Social Conditions Afghanistan 1:17 Egypt 1:22 Iran 11:7 Kuwait II: 10 Levant States II: 16 Palestine II: 23 Turkey Ill: 12, 21

Stern Group Palestine II: 33

Syria Biographies Ill: 8 Foreign Relations Ill: 7 Government Ill: 8 Hatay Ill: 7 Jamil Mardam Bey, Cabinet Ill: 8 Levant States II: 12 Military Ill: 6 Territory Ill: 7 Taxation Turkey Ill: 25

Territory Afghanistan 1:19 Libya II: 20 Palestine II: 34 Syria HI: 7 Turkey Ill: 29-31

Terrorists Palestine II: 32,33

Transjordan Budget Ill: 9 Economy II: 23; III: 10 Foreign Relations Ill: 11 Government II: 23; III: 5,9 Great Britain Ill: 11 Population II: 23; III: 5 Smuggling II: 26 Social Conditions II: 23

Transportation Turkey Ill: 17

Tribes Iran 11:2 Saudi Arabia Ill: 5 Transjordan Ill: 5

Turkey Armenians Ill: 30 Biographies Ill: 23 Communications Ill: 20 Communism Ill: 37 Dardanelles Ill: 28, 29, 33, 34 Economy Ill: 19, 35, 36 Foreign Relations Ill: 28, 32-34 Housing Ill: 14 Iran 1:30 Mail 111:17 Migration Ill: 13 Minorities Ill: 18, 30 Politics Ill: 20, 23, 24, 26, 37 Population Ill: 12,16 Press 111:27 Propaganda Ill: 21 Recreation Ill: 14 Sanitation Ill: 15 Social Conditions Ill: 12, 19, 21 Taxation Ill: 25 Territories Ill: 29-31 Transportation Ill: 17 U.S.S.R Ill: 30, 32-34 War of Independence Ill: 22

United Nations Egypt 1:21,25 Middle East 1:6

United States Middle East Report 1:13 Palestine II: 30 Troops in Iran I: 29

U.S.S.R. Iran I: 30; II: 3, 5, 6 Middle East 1:11 Palestine Ill: 1 Turkey Ill: 30, 32-34

War of Independence Turkey 111:22

Zionism Palestine II: 24 The O.S.S./State Department Intelligence and Research Reports series includes: I. Japan and Its Occupied Territories During World War II II. Postwar Japan, Korea, and Southeast Asia III. China and India IV. Germany and Its Occupied Territories During World War II V. Postwar Europe VI. The Soviet Union VIIUPA. The Middle East