DOCSLIB.ORG

The Middle East a Guide To

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
The Middle East a Guide To A Guide to O.S.S./State Department Intelligence and Research Reports The Middle East A Guide to O.S.S./State Department Intelligence and Research Reports VII The middle East Edited by Paul Kesaris UPA A MICROFILM PROJECT OF UNIVERSITY PUBLICATIONS OF AMERICA, INC. 5630 Connecticut Ave. Washington, D.C. 20015 Copyright C 1977 by University Publications of America, Inc. All rights reserved. ISBN 0-89093-123-2 Reel I MIDDLE EAST 1 Memorandum on the Near East. October 17, 1941. 24pp. 2 Axis Propaganda in the Moslem World. December 23, 1941. 6pp. 3 Economic Conditions in the Near East. November 2, 1942. 32pp. 4 Jews in the Polish Middle East Army. November 25, 1943. llpp. 5 Notes and Comments Relating to Arab Unity, August-De- cember 1943. January 8, 1944. 37pp. 6 Conflicts and Agreements of Interest to the United Nations in the Near East. January 10, 1944. 96pp. 7 Some Recent British Pronouncements Concerning the Near East. January 13, 1944. 13pp. 8 The British Treaty Position in the Arabian Peninsula. Febru- ary 4, 1944. 40pp. 9 The Arabian Oil Agreement. February 12, 1944. 6pp. 10 The Present Position of the Jews in the Arab World, 1944. April 4, 1944. 38pp. 11 Communist and Pro-Russian Trends in the Near East. May 23, 1944. 72pp. 12 Collated English Version of the Arab League Pact. April 5, 1945. 27pp. 13 Possible Reactions in Palestine and the Near East to the Anglo-American Committee Report. April 9, 1946. 7pp. 14 Background, Development, and Prospects of the Arab League to Mid-1946. July 1, 1946. 61pp. 15 Political Parties in Selected Near East Countries. March 2, 1948. llpp. 16 The Potentials of World Communism: The Arab League States. August 1, 1949. 20pp. AFGHANISTAN 17 Strategic Survey of Afghanistan. December 1941. 51pp. 18 Summary of the Major Industries and Estimate of the Poli- tical Situation: Afghanistan. October 28, 1946. 6pp. 19 The Controversy between Iran and Afghanistan over the Hel- mand River Waters. October 24, 1947. 43pp., 1 map. EGYPT 20 Notes on Khartoum, Port Sudan, and El 0 Beid. May 21, 1942. llpp. 21 Possible Effects of the Collapse of the Egyptian Front on the United Nations' Position in Africa, the Near East, and the Middle East. July 7, 1942. 67pp. 22 Strategic Survey: Egypt. June 1943. 187pp. 23 The Problem of the Suez-Cairo Pipeline. February 2, 1945. 12pp. 24 Political Parties and Personalities in Egypt. September 15, 1945. 33pp. 25 The Anglo-Egyptian Controversy and the United Nations. March 15, 1946. 7pp. 26 An Evaluation of Egyptian Claims to Territory in Libya. June 1, 1948. 16pp. IRAN 27 Comments on the Political Situation in Iran from August to December 1941. December 1941. 5pp. 28 The Kurdish Revolt in Iran. May 19, 1942. 12pp. 29 Enemy and Allied Propaganda in Iran. October 7, 1943. 28pp. 30 The Morale and Discipline of American Troops in Iran. De- cember 1943. 26pp. 31 Remarks on Iran and Turkey. January 1, 1944. 8pp. 32 Survey of Iranian Oil Concessions. April 8, 1944. 32pp. 33 Iranian Oil as a Potential Source of Political Conflict. May 9, 1944. 18pp. Reel II IRAN [Continued] 1 The Present Situation in Iran with Regard to the Millspaugh Mission (May-Get. 1944). November 27, 1944. 30pp. 2 The Tribal Problem in Iran's Domestic and Foreign Politics. March 15, 1945. 44pp. 3 Attitude of the Soviet Press and Radio toward Iran, (n.d.) 10pp. 4 The Conduct of the Iranian Army in Azerbaijan. May 8, 1947. 15pp. 5 Iranian and Soviet Interpretations of the Treaty of Friend- ship of 1921. April 28, 1948. 76pp. 6 Current Pro-Soviet Orientation in Iran. October 11, 1948. 8pp. 7 Iran. February 15, 1949. 29pp. 8 The Transfer of the Assyrians of Iraq. October 31, 1944. 12pp. 9 Summary of Major Industries and Estimate of Political Situa- tion: Iraq. November 14, 1946. 12pp. KUWAIT 10 Strategic Survey: Kuwait. May 12, 1942. 29pp. 11 Comparison of Kuwait Orders in Council 1935 and 1949. June 29, 1949. 16pp. 12 Crisis in Lebanon. November 15, 1943. 14pp. 13 The Position and Influence of the Catholic Church in Lebanon. November 15, 1944. 25pp. 14 Biographies of the Lebanese Cabinet of Ri'ad Bey Al-Sulh. February 13, 1947. 23pp. 15 Biographic Reports on Members of the Lebanese Cabinet Formed June 9, 1947. June 30, 1947. 19pp. LEVANT STATES 16 Strategic Survey: The Levant States of Syria, Lebanon, La- takia, and Jebel Druze. March 1942. 78pp. 17 British-French Relations and Administration in the Levant States. August 11, 1943. 14pp. 18 Enemy Espionage in the Levant States. September 27, 1943. 10pp. 19 The French Legal Position in the Levant Stated" October 29, 1943. 26pp. LIBYA 20 A Definition of the Present Boundaries of Libya. September 19, 1947. 17pp., 1 map. 21 The Economic Situation in Libya. September 12, 1947. 12pp. 22 Examination of the Concept of the Unity of Libya. April 26, 1949. 16pp. PALESTINE 23 Strategic Survey of Palestine and Transjordan. March 1, 1942. 211pp. 24 Zionism—Aims and Prospects. April 1942. 12pp. 25 Illicit Arming by Arabs and Jews in Palestine. September 30, 1943. 28pp. 26 Gold, Diamond, and Narcotic Smuggling in Palestine and the Levant States. October 22, 1943. 15pp. 27 Palestine Arab Labor under Government Sponsorship. No- vember 2, 1943. 5pp. 28 Status and Prospects of the White Paper on Palestine. March 2, 1944. 56pp. 29 Political Parties and Personalities in Palestine. June 16, 1944. 83pp., 2 graphs. 30 The Anglo-American Problem in Palestine. July 20, 1944. 18pp. 31 The Problem of Jewish Immigration into Palestine. Octo- ber 4, 1944. 27pp. 32 The Objectives and Activities of the Irgun Zvai Leumi. Oc- tober 13, 1944. 9pp. 33 The Aims and Activities of the Stern Group in Palestine. December 1, 1944. 19pp. 34 Palestine: Map Interpretation and Evaluation. February 4, 1947. 66pp., 3 maps. Reel III PALESTINE [Continued] 1 The Soviet Position on Palestine. May 7, 1947. 12pp. 2 Possible Developments with Respect to Palestine after May 15. May 14, 1948. 23pp. 3 Israeli Political Parties and Leaders. January 14, 1949. 63pp. SAUDI ARABIA 4 The Position of Saudi Arabia within the Arab World. Febru- ary 4, 1944. 28pp. 5 Tribes of Northern Saudi Arabia and Transjordan. May 4, 1944. 61pp., 1 map. SYRIA 6 Island Approaches to Syria, (n.d.) 48pp. 7 The Problem of Hatay. March 29, 1945. 38pp. 8 Biographies of the Syrian Cabinet of Jamil Mardam Bey. Feb- ruary 27, 1947. 22pp. TRANSJORDAN 9 Budgetary Position of the Government of Transjordan. Feb- ruary 3, 1947. 17pp. 10 The Economic Situation in Transjordan. September 16, 1947. 9pp. 11 Anglo-Transjordan Treaties of 1946 and 1948. April 6, 1948. 41pp. TURKEY 12 Turkey: Population and Social Conditions. 1942. 14pp. 13 Turkey: Migration. 1942. 4pp. 14 Turkey: Amusement and Recreation, and Housing. 1942. 7pp. 15 Turkey: Sanitary Conditions. 1942. 7pp. 16 Turkey: Characteristics of the Population. 1942. 5pp. 17 Turkey: Road Transportation, and Mail and Courier Service. 1942. 7pp. 18 Turkey: Minorities. 1942. 12pp. 19 Turkey: Living Conditions and Home Environment, and Eco- nomics. 1942. 22pp. 20 Social Hierarchy: Control and Communications in Turkey. March 19, 1942. 23pp. 21 Social Conditions, Attitudes, and Propaganda in Turkey with Suggestions for American Orientation toward the Turks. April 24, 1942. 21pp. 22 In the War of Independence: From Samsun to Izmir. August 5, 1942. 106pp., 1 map. 23 Present-Day Turkish Leaders. November 13, 1943. 70pp. 24 Turkish Political Opinion and Policy since the Moscow Con- ference. April 14, 1944. 20pp. 25 The Capital Levy: A Key to the Understanding of Current Trends in Turkey. May 3, 1944. 35pp. 26 Opposition Groups in Turkey, 1943-1944. September 1, 1944. 18pp. 27 Character and Composition of the Turkish Press, 1939-1944. January 8, 1945. 57pp. 28 The Straits and Allied Policy. January 30, 1945. 28pp. 29 Evaluation of Selected Map Materials Covering the Darda- nelles and Northwest Turkey. November 2, 1945. 41pp. 30 Notes on Armenian National Aspirations and the Soviet Claims to the Eastern Provinces of Turkey. March 12, 1946. 23pp. 31 Evaluation of Map Coverage of Northeastern Turkey. April 5, 1946. 75pp., 1 map. 32 Comments on the Soviet Note to the Turkish Government. August 15, 1946. 7pp. 33 Observations on the Soviet Note of September 24, 1946, to the Turkish Government with Respect to the Straits. October 4, 1946. 4pp. 34 Some "Precedents" for Joint Turkish-Soviet Control of the Straits. October 29, 1946. 19pp. 35 Turkey's Production and Consumption Prospects, 1947. March 21, 1947. 15pp. 36 National Income, Budget, and Debt of Turkey, 1947. May 27, 1947. 13pp. 37 Turkey: Handbook of Economic Statistics. February 12, 1948. 87pp. 38 Turkish Communists and Communist Sympathizers. March 1, 1949. 28pp. Subject Index The following index is a guide to the major subjects of the three reels and is usually limited to one reference and, sometimes, one cross-reference for each report. The Roman numeral refers to the reel, and the Arabic numeral refers to the order of the reports within that reel; hence, II: 7 is the seventh report in the second reel. Afghanistan Economy I: 17 Foreign Relations I: 19 Government 1:17 Helmand River 1:19 Industry I: 18 Iran 1:19 Politics 1:17,18 Population 1:17 Social Conditions I: 17 Arab League Middle East 1:12, 14, 16 Arab Unity Middle East I: 5 Arabian Peninsula Middle East 1:8 Arabs Palestine II: 25 Armenians Turkey Ill: 30 Army Iran 11:4 Middle East I: 4 Assyrians Iraq 11:8 Axis Powers Middle East I: 2 Azerbijan Iran 11:4 Biographies Egypt 1:24 Lebanon II: 14,15 Palestine II: 29; III: 3 Syria Ill: 8 Budget Transjordan Ill: 9 Turkey Ill: 36 Catholic Church Lebanon II: 13
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Nile Valley-Levant Interactions: an Eclectic Review
    Nile Valley-Levant interactions: an eclectic review The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Bar-Yosef, Ofer. 2013. Nile Valley-Levant interactions: an eclectic review. In Neolithisation of Northeastern Africa, ed. Noriyuki Shirai. Studies in Early Near Eastern Production, Subsistence, and Environment 16: 237-247. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:31887680 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Open Access Policy Articles, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#OAP In: N. Shirai (ed.) Neolithization of Northeastern Africa. Studies in Early Near Eastern: Production, Subsistence, & Environment 16, ex oriente: Berlin. pp. 237-247. Nile Valley-Levant interactions: an eclectic review Ofer Bar-Yosef Department of Anthropology, Harvard University Opening remarks Writing a review of a prehistoric province as an outsider is not a simple task. The archaeological process, as we know today, is an integration of data sets – the information from the field and the laboratory analyses, and the interpretation that depends on the paradigm held by the writer affected by his or her personal experience. Even monitoring the contents of most of the published and online literature is a daunting task. It is particularly true for looking at the Egyptian Neolithic during the transition from foraging to farming and herding, when most of the difficulties originate from the poorly known bridging regions. A special hurdle is the terminological conundrum of the Neolithic, as Andrew Smith and Alison Smith discusses in this volume, and in particular the term “Neolithisation” that finally made its way to the Levantine literature.
    [Show full text]
  • Former Ottomans in the Ranks: Pro-Entente Military Recruitment Among Syrians in the Americas, 1916–18*
    Journal of Global History (2016), 11,pp.88–112 © Cambridge University Press 2016 doi:10.1017/S1740022815000364 Former Ottomans in the ranks: pro-Entente military recruitment among Syrians in the Americas, 1916–18* Stacy D. Fahrenthold Center for Middle Eastern Studies, University of California, Berkeley, California, USA E-mail: [email protected] Abstract For half a million ‘Syrian’ Ottoman subjects living outside the empire, the First World War initiated a massive political rift with Istanbul. Beginning in 1916, Syrian and Lebanese emigrants from both North and South America sought to enlist, recruit, and conscript immigrant men into the militaries of the Entente. Employing press items, correspondence, and memoirs written by émigré recruiters during the war, this article reconstructs the transnational networks that facilitated the voluntary enlistment of an estimated 10,000 Syrian emigrants into the armies of the Entente, particularly the United States Army after 1917. As Ottoman nationals, many Syrian recruits used this as a practical means of obtaining American citizen- ship and shedding their legal ties to Istanbul. Émigré recruiters folded their military service into broader goals for ‘Syrian’ and ‘Lebanese’ national liberation under the auspices of American political support. Keywords First World War, Lebanon, mobilization, Syria, transnationalism Is it often said that the First World War was a time of unprecedented military mobilization. Between 1914 and 1918, empires around the world imposed powers of conscription on their
    [Show full text]
  • Vegetation and Climate History of the Southern Levant During the Last 30,000 Years Based on Palynological Investigation
    Vegetation and climate history of the southern Levant during the last 30,000 years based on palynological investigation Dissertation zur Erlangung des Doktorgrades (Dr. rer. nat.) der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität zu Bonn vorgelegt von Vera Schiebel aus Troisdorf Bonn, März 2013 Angefertigt mit Genehmigung der Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultät der Rheinischen Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn 1. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Thomas Litt 2. Gutachter: Prof. Dr. Dietmar Quandt Tag des Promotionskolloquium: 06. Juni 2013 Erscheinungsjahr: 2013 Table of Contents 1 Introduction 4 2 Current state of research 6 2.1 Paleoclimate since the Last Glacial Maximum 6 2.2 Paleo-vegetation in the Levant 7 2.3 Settlement history in the Levant 8 3 Area of work 11 3.1 Topography 12 3.2 Geology 14 3.3 Modern climate conditions 15 3.4 Vegetation 18 3.5 Coring Sites 22 4 Material and methods 24 4.1 Coring campaign 24 4.2 Lake Kinneret 24 4.3 Birkat Ram 31 4.4 Reconstruction of vegetation based on pollen data 37 4.5 Dating of Late Pleistocene/Holocene lake sediments 38 5 Results 41 5.1 Lake Kinneret 41 5.2 Birkat Ram 47 6 Discussion 56 6.1 The Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) 56 6.2 The Late Glacial 58 6.3 The Younger Dryas (YD) 60 6.4 The Holocene 61 7 Summary 72 8 Zusammenfassung 74 9 Résumé 76 10 Appendix 78 11 Table of figures and charts 89 12 References 90 1 Introduction Understanding the relations between variations of paleo-climate and its effects on the paleo-vegetation is of particular interest to a broad range of scientific disciplines.
    [Show full text]
  • Social, Economic and Political Studies of the Middle East and Asia (S.E.P.S.M.E.A.)
    SEPS-93-meouchy.qxd 10/20/2003 11:03 AM Page i THE BRITISH AND FRENCH MANDATES IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES / LES MANDATS FRANÇAIS ET ANGLAIS DANS UNE PERSPECTIVE COMPARATIVE SEPS-93-meouchy.qxd 10/20/2003 11:03 AM Page ii SOCIAL, ECONOMIC AND POLITICAL STUDIES OF THE MIDDLE EAST AND ASIA (S.E.P.S.M.E.A.) (Founding editor: C.A.O. van Nieuwenhuijze) Editor REINHARD SCHULZE Advisory Board Dale Eickelman (Dartmouth College) Roger Owen (Harvard University) Judith Tucker (Georgetown University) Yann Richard (Sorbonne Nouvelle) VOLUME 93 SEPS-93-meouchy.qxd 10/20/2003 11:03 AM Page iii THE BRITISH AND FRENCH MANDATES IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVES / LES MANDATS FRANÇAIS ET ANGLAIS DANS UNE PERSPECTIVE COMPARATIVE EDITED BY / EDITÉ PAR NADINE MÉOUCHY and/et PETER SLUGLETT WITH/AVEC LA COLLABORATION AMICALE DE GÉRARD KHOURY and/et GEOFFREY SCHAD BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON 2004 SEPS-93-meouchy.qxd 10/20/2003 11:03 AM Page iv This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data The British and French mandates in comparative perspectives / edited by Nadine Méouchy and Peter Sluglett ; with Gérard Khoury and Geoffrey Schad = Les mandats français et anglais dans une perspective comparative / édité par Nadine Méouchy et Peter Sluglett ; avec la collaboration amicale de Gérard Khoury et Geoffrey Schad. p. cm. — (Social, economic, and political studies of the Middle East and Asia, ISSN 1385-3376 ; v. 93) Proceedings of a conference held in Aix-en-Provence, June 2001. Includes bibliographical references (p. ) and index. ISBN 90-04-13313-5 (alk. paper) 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Water and Insecurity in the Levant by Ido Bar and Gerald Stang
    15 2016 Rafael Ben-Ari/Cham/NEWSCOM/SIPA Ben-Ari/Cham/NEWSCOM/SIPA Rafael Water and insecurity in the Levant by Ido Bar and Gerald Stang The Middle East and North Africa (MENA) is a series of multi-year droughts, leading to increased the most water-stressed area in the world. In the stress on groundwater reserves. A 2016 NASA study Levant sub-region, Jordan, Syria, West Bank/Gaza, calculated that 1998-2012 was the driest period to and Israel are already water scarce while two other strike the region in 900 years. countries – Iraq and Lebanon – are ‘water stressed’. This water challenge is a major problem for more This drought has had a serious impact on regional than simple development reasons – the domestic economies, particularly in the agricultural sector: instability that led into the Syria conflict was par- the number of people employed in agriculture has tially driven by drought effects, and now the over- plummeted, as has the portion of population living flow of refugees is placing greater stress on dry in rural areas and the contribution of agriculture neighbours. to the economy. These trends are global, but have been accelerated in the Levant, most notably in For a region that is expected to become drier yet Syria, where an estimated 1.3 million people were due to a changing climate, the potential for further pushed from rural to urban areas during 2006- water-driven instability is significant. Responding 2010 as their crops and livelihoods dried up. These to this will require more than improved water sup- shifts contributed to social and economic disrup- plies.
    [Show full text]
  • Postcolonial Syria and Lebanon
    Post-colonial Syria and Lebanon POST-COLONIAL SYRIA AND LEBANON THE DECLINE OF ARAB NATIONALISM AND THE TRIUMPH OF THE STATE Youssef Chaitani Published in 2007 by I.B.Tauris & Co Ltd 6 Salem Road, London W2 4BU 175 Fifth Avenue, New York NY 10010 www.ibtauris.com In the United States and Canada distributed by Palgrave Macmillan, a division of St. Martin’s Press, 175 Fifth Avenue, New York NY 10010 Copyright © Youssef Chaitani, 2007 The right of Youssef Chaitani to be identified as the author of this work has been asserted by him in accordance with the Copyright, Designs and Patents Act 1988. All rights reserved. Except for brief quotations in a review, this book, or any part thereof, may not be reproduced, stored in or introduced into a retrieval system, or transmitted, in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without the prior written permission of the publisher. The views expressed herein are those of the author and do not necessarily reflect the views of the United Nations. ISBN: 978 1 84511 294 3 Library of Middle East History 11 A full CIP record for this book is available from the British Library A full CIP record for this book is available from the Library of Congress Library of Congress catalog card: available Typeset in Minion by Dexter Haven Associates Ltd, London Printed and bound in India by Replika Press Pvt. Ltd CONTENTS Acknowledgements vii Foreword ix Introduction 1 1The Syrian Arab Nationalists: Independence First 14 A. The Forging of a New Alliance 14 B.
    [Show full text]
  • The Levant and Europe: Shipping and Trade -- Networks of People and Knowledge
    H-SAE CfP: The Levant and Europe: Shipping and Trade -- Networks of People and Knowledge. 2nd International Conference of The Levantine Heritage Foundation Discussion published by Axel Corlu on Tuesday, October 20, 2015 Type: Call for Papers Date: November 2, 2016 to November 4, 2016 Location: United Kingdom Subject Fields: Architecture and Architectural History, Economic History / Studies, Immigration & Migration History / Studies, Maritime History / Studies, Middle East History / Studies Call for Papers The Levant and Europe: Shipping and Trade -- Networks of People and Knowledge The Levantine Heritage Foundation 2 – 4 November, 2016 Europe House and the Hellenic Centre, London In November 2016, the Levantine Heritage Foundation is organizing its second interdisciplinary conference, entitled “The Levant and Europe: Shipping and Trade – Networks of People and Knowledge,” in London, at Europe House and the Hellenic Centre. Building on the success of the groundbreaking first international conference on Levantines in Istanbul, 2014, this conference will emphasize the theme of trade as the central dynamic in the creation of a Levantine world, with complex economic networks giving rise to equally complex social, cultural, political, and material interactions and syntheses. Although the Levant has been part of Eurasian trade networks for millennia, it played an increasingly central role, and provided a formative geocultural space for exchanges, during the creation of the modern world: the economic expansion of capitalism, accompanied by imperialism, nationalism, and the movement of people through the Levant shaped the Middle East as we know it. The essential “engine of history” in most of these historical dynamics was trade, providing the material exchanges and networks, which in turn generated an array of social and cultural interactions.
    [Show full text]
  • Economic Effects of Potential Deep Trade Integration in the Levant
    Missed Opportunities: Economic Effects of Potential Deep Trade Integration in the Levant Elena Ianchovichina and Maros Ivanic. Abstract On the eve of the Arab Spring, economies in the Levant region were considering options for deep regional trade integration, but the spread of unrest that culminated into the Syrian civil war interrupted this process. Using new data for six Levant economies, including Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, and Turkey, set within a database suitable for global general equilibrium analysis, the paper assesses the medium-term economic effects of potential deep trade reforms in the Levant. The results suggest that all Levant economies could have gained considerably had they continued strengthening their trade ties. In per capita terms, Iraq could have gained the most, followed by Syria, Egypt, Jordan, Lebanon, and Turkey. Services liberalization would have led to greatest benefits, estimated to contribute between 70% and 95% of the overall estimated welfare gains from deeper trade integration. Other measures, including further liberalization of agricultural trade with Turkey, reduction in non-tariff barriers, and improved transport logistics, would have led to modest welfare gains. However, the effects on exports vary by country, sector, and reform instrument, and are estimated to be sizable for some sectors. These results are indicative of some of the opportunity costs of the political conflict in the Levant and should be factored into assessments of its long-term costs on the Levant economies. JEL classification: F13, F15 Keywords: Trade integration, Egypt, Iraq, Jordan, Lebanon, Syria, Turkey, Levant, Mashreq, Middle East, Syrian civil war, long-term costs We would like to thanks Sibel Kulaksiz and Jorge Araujo for comments on earlier versions of this paper.
    [Show full text]
  • The Caucasian Toad, Bufo Verrucosissimus (Pallas, 1814) in the Levant: Evidence from Mitochondrial DNA
    Herpetozoa 32: 255–258 (2019) DOI 10.3897/herpetozoa.32.e37560 The Caucasian Toad, Bufo verrucosissimus (Pallas, 1814) in the Levant: evidence from mitochondrial DNA Daniel Jablonski1, Riyad A. Sadek2 1 Department of Zoology, Comenius University in Bratislava, Ilkovičova 6, Mlynská dolina, 842 15 Bratislava, Slovakia 2 Department of Biology, American University of Beirut, Bliss Street, 1107 2020, Beirut, Lebanon http://zoobank.org/017F0D1F-7467-43A9-9D7C-46335D293038 Corresponding author: Daniel Jablonski ([email protected]) Academic editor: Günter Gollmann ♦ Received 20 June 2019 ♦ Accepted 5 October 2019 ♦ Published 29 October 2019 Abstract We present the first molecular analysis of the Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758) complex population in the Levant. This complex contains four species distributed through the Western Palearctic. Based on the analysis of the widely used mitochondrial marker 16S rRNA, populations from the Levant belong to B. verrucosissimus (Pallas, 1814) and have a close affiliation to populations from the Trans- caucasian region rather than southern Turkey. Such identified relationships may imply past rapid colonisation from north to south and support the need for further research. Key Words common toad, Bufonidae, mtDNA, biogeography, taxonomy, Middle East The Caucasian Toad, Bufo verrucosissimus (Pallas, western and southern Turkey (García-Porta et al. 2012; 1814), is a member of the Western Palearctic B. bufo (Lin- Arntzen et al. 2013). naeus, 1758) complex along with three other species: B. Although information about B. bufo complex in the bufo, B. eichwaldi and B. spinosus (García-Porta et al. Levant region (Syria, Lebanon) is absent in recent phylo- 2012; Recuero et al. 2012; Arntzen et al.
    [Show full text]
  • The Athens Journal of History ISSN NUMBER: 2407-9677 - DOI: 10.30958/Ajhis Volume 6, Issue 3, July 2020 Download the Entire Issue (PDF)
    The Athens Journal of (ATINER) (ATINER) History Volume 6, Issue 3, July 2020 Articles Front Pages JACOB ABADI US-Syrian Relations, 1920-1967: The Bitter Harvest of a Flawed Policy MARTIN B. SWEATMAN Zodiacal Dating Prehistoric Artworks DONALD C. SHELTON A Satire, not a Sermon: Four Stages of Cruelty and Murder ELLI PAPANIKOLAOU Walter Charleton’s Theory of Matter: How Politics and Scientific Societies Influenced his Works i ATHENS INSTITUTE FOR EDUCATION AND RESEARCH A World Association of Academics and Researchers 8 Valaoritou Str., Kolonaki, 10671 Athens, Greece. Tel.: 210-36.34.210 Fax: 210-36.34.209 Email: [email protected] URL: www.atiner.gr (ATINER) Established in 1995 (ATINER) Mission ATINER is an Athens-based World Association of Academics and Researchers based in Athens. ATINER is an independent and non- profit Association with a Mission to become a forum where Academics and Researchers from all over the world can meet in Athens, exchange ideas on their research and discuss future developments in their disciplines, as well as engage with professionals from other fields. Athens was chosen because of its long history of academic gatherings, which go back thousands of years to Plato’s Academy and Aristotle’s Lyceum. Both these historic places are within walking distance from ATINER‟s downtown offices. Since antiquity, Athens was an open city. In the words of Pericles, Athens“…is open to the world, we never expel a foreigner from learning or seeing”. (“Pericles‟ Funeral Oration”, in Thucydides, The History of the Peloponnesian War). It is ATINER‟s mission to revive the glory of Ancient Athens by inviting the World Academic Community to the city, to learn from each other in an environment of freedom and respect for other people‟s opinions and beliefs.
    [Show full text]
  • Windows Into the Bible Cultural & Historical Insights from the Bible for Modern Readers
    WINDOWS INTO THE BIBLE CULTURAL & HISTORICAL INSIGHTS FROM THE BIBLE FOR MODERN READERS MARC TURNAGE FOREWORD BY GREG SURRATT COFOUNDER & PRESIDENT OF THE ASSOCIATION OF RELATED CHURCHES AND BESTSELLING AUTHOR OF IRREVREND WINDOWS INTO THE BIBLE CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL INSIGHTS FROM THE BIBLE FOR MODERN READERS MARC TURNAGE Copyright © 2016 by Marc Turnage ALL RIGHTS RESERVED Portions of this work were previously copyrighted in A Pilgrim’s Journey and in articles in The Enrichment Journal. Published by Logion Press 1445 N. Boonville Ave. Springfield, Missouri 65802 No portion of this book may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means—electronic, mechanical, photocopy, recording, or any other—except for brief quotations in printed reviews, without the prior written permission of the publisher. Cover design by PlainJoe Studios (www.plainjoestudios.com) Interior formatting by Prodigy Pixel (www.prodigypixel.com) Unless otherwise specified, all Scripture quotations are the author’s own translation. Scripture quotations marked niv are taken from the Holy Bible, New Interna- tional Version®. NIV®. Copyright © 1973, 1978, 1984, 2011 by Biblica, Inc. ™ Used by permission of Zondervan. All rights reserved worldwide.www.zondervan.com. The “NIV” and “New International Version” are trademarks registered in the United States Patent and Trademark Office by Biblica, Inc.™ Scripture quotations marked nrsv are from the NEW REVISED STANDARD VERSION of the Bible. © 1989 by the Division of Christian Education of the National Council of the Churches of Christ in the U.S.A. All rights reserved. ISBN: 978-1-60731-418-9 19 18 17 16 • 1 2 3 4 5 Printed in the United States of America 1 THE LAND BETWEEN mong the sacred writings of the world’s religions, the Bible alone presents a message tied to geography.
    [Show full text]
  • ESTIMATING the ECONOMIC BENEFITS of Levant Integration
    ESTIMATING THE ECONOMIC BENEFITS of Levant Integration Daniel Egel Andrew Parasiliti Charles P. Ries Dori Walker C O R P O R A T I O N Acknowledgments We thank the New Levant Initiative for its support of this project; Keith Crane, Justin Lee, and Howard Shatz for their excellent feedback on earlier versions of this report and on the online calculator; Brian Phillips for his assistance in painstak- ingly reviewing the calculator; and Arwen Bicknell for her editing of this report. Andrew Parasiliti was director of the RAND Center for Global Risk and Security when he coauthored this study. Limited Print and Electronic Distribution Rights This document and trademark(s) contained herein are protected by law. This representation of RAND intellectual property is provided for noncommercial use only. Unauthorized posting of this publication online is prohibited. Permission is given to duplicate this document for personal use only, as long as it is unaltered and complete. Permission is required from RAND to reproduce, or reuse in another form, any of our research documents for commercial use. For information on reprint and linking permissions, please visit www.rand.org/pubs/permissions.html. The RAND Corporation is a research organization that develops solutions to public policy challenges to help make communities throughout the world safer and more secure, healthier and more prosperous. RAND is nonprofit, nonpartisan, and committed to the public interest. RAND’s publications do not necessarily reflect the opinions of its research clients and sponsors. is a registered trademark. For more information on this publication, visit www.rand.org/t/RR2375.
    [Show full text]