London Borough of Haringey Conservation Area No. 1 Highgate Conservation Area Character Appraisal Consultation Draft: October 2012 CONSERVATION AREA CHARACTER APPRAISAL HIGHGATE CONSERVATION AREA No.1 Contents Page Nos. 1. Introduction 7 Background to the study General identity and character of a conservation area Designation and extensions Context of the conservation area within the wider settlement Topography Views 2. Definition of special interest 10 Summary of Highgate conservation area 3. Archaeology and historic development 12 Archaeology Historic development Before 1813 1813 – 1896 1896 – 1914 1914 – 1967 1967 – present day 4. Sub areas of Highgate conservation area 16 5 Audit of heritage assets 17 Introduction Statutory and locally listed buildings, Positive contributers Shopfronts of merit Elements of streetscape Interest Neutral contributors Detractors 6 Sub area 1: the village core 19 Spatial and character analysis Audit of heritage assets 7 Sub area 2: Highgate Bowl 46 Spatial and character analysis Audit of heritage assets 8 Sub area 3: Archway 55 Spatial and character analysis Audit of heritage assets 9 Sub area 4: the Miltons 74 Spatial and character analysis Audit of heritage assets 10 Sub area 5: Shepherd’s Hill 91 Spatial and character analysis Audit of heritage assets 11 Sub area 6: Gaskell 100 Spatial and character analysis Audit of heritage assets is 12 Sub area 7: Bishops 102 Spatial and character analysis Audit of heritage assets 13 Planning policy framework 114 National Regional Local Supplementary 14 Challenges, pressures and opportunities for development 118 Design considerations Traffic management Streetscape and public realm improvements 15 Development management issues 121 Demolitions and replacement buildings Residential areas Shopfronts Forecourt parking and vehicular crossovers Original features Brickwork, stonework, painting, render and cladding Dormer windows Future change Opportunity sites 16 Conservation area boundary review 124 Review 17 Potential for Article 4(2) Directions 124 Introduction 18 Advice on maintaining your property 124 19 Bibliography and Internet websites 126 APPENDIX 1: Sub area 1 – the village core 128 Designations and negative features APPENDIX 2: Sub area 2 – Highgate Bowl 133 Designations and negative features APPENDIX 3: Sub area 9 – the Miltons 134 Designations and negative features [Historic maps and photos to be inserted prior to publication.] 1. Introduction Background to the study 1.1 The Planning (Listed Buildings and Conservation Areas) Act 1990 defines a conservation area as ‘ an area of special architectural or historic interest the character of which it is desirable to preserve or enhance’. Under section 69 of the Act, the London Borough of Haringey (the ‘Borough’ or ‘Council’) has a duty to: ‘determine which parts of their area are areas of special architectural or historic interest’ and to ‘designate those areas as conservation areas.’ 1.2 The borough has 29 conservation areas, designated over 41 years, of which Highgate conservation area was the first to be designated. 1.3 Under section 71 of the Act, once an area has been designated the Council has a duty to: ‘ formulate and publish proposals for the preservation and enhancement of any parts of their area which are conservation areas.’ 1.4 The Local Development Frameworks (LDF), introduced by the Planning and Compulsory Purchase Act 2004, will replace Unitary Development Plans (UDP). As part of the transition, the UDP policies are automatically saved while the new LDF system is being completed. 1.5 To meet Government requirements, the Council is producing documents to protect its conservation areas in stages. The first stage is this character appraisal, which aims to give a clear assessment of the special interest, character, and appearance that justified the designation of the area as a conservation area. It is intended that each appraisal will provide a sound basis (defensible on appeal) for the development plan policies and development control decisions, for the guidance of residents and developers. The second stage will be the production and adoption of a supplementary planning document (SPD) on Conservation, including design guidance, as part of the Council’s evolving LDF. The third stage will be the production and adoption of proposed management strategies for the conservation areas that will also support the SPD. 1.7 In line with the guidance given by both Government and English Heritage, this appraisal aims to define the character of the conservation area on the basis of an analysis of all or some of the following criteria: • current and past land use; • social and economic background; • orientation; • archaeological and historic sites; • geological and topographical mapping; • density and types of building; • place names and earliest references; • communication types and patterns; • comprehensive and selective historic mapping; • aerial photographs; • documentary sources; • historic environment record (HER) data; • characterisation and extensive urban studies (EUS); • statutory and non-statutory designations. 1.8 The aims of this appraisal are therefore to: • Set out the special architectural and historic interest of the Highgate conservation area and clearly describe the special character and appearance that it is desirable to preserve or enhance. • Identify through an audit of the built heritage of the area, buildings and other elements that positively contribute to its character. • Identify elements and buildings that detract from the character of the area and any sites where an opportunity to enhance the character of an area may exist. • Examine the existing boundaries of the conservation area and consider the potential for other areas to be included. • Identify areas subject to pressure for change that would adverse affect the character and appearance of the area, as a result of permitted development, and identify any areas where the removal of permitted development rights would safeguard the essential character and appearance of the area. The Council is very grateful to the Highgate Society for its assistance in helping to prepare some of the sub areas information. 1.9 It should be noted that the appraisal does not represent an exhaustive record of every building, feature or space within the conservation area and an omission should not be taken to imply that an element is of no interest. General identity and character of a conservation area 1.10 The character and appearance of an area depends on a variety of factors. Its appearance derives from its physical and visual characteristics, materials, heights of buildings, types and relationship of built form, topography, open spaces and trees. Its character includes other less tangible effects relating to the experience of an area. This may include levels and types of activity, patterns of, or prevailing, land uses, noise and even smells. The character of an area may also differ according to the day of the week or time of day. 1.11 A conservation area depends on much more than the quality of its individual buildings. It also depends on the historic layout of property boundaries and thoroughfares; on a particular 'mix' of uses; on characteristic materials; on the appropriate scale architectural style and detailing of buildings; on the quality of shopfronts, street furniture and hard and soft surfaces; on vistas along streets and between buildings; and on the extent to which traffic intrudes and limits pedestrian use of spaces between buildings. The quality of townscape in its broadest sense relies on the positive contribution of all the individual elements; buildings, groups of buildings, historic street furniture, the sense of enclosure of open space, trees, etc, that go to make it special. It is the overall historic and architectural quality and interest of the area, not merely the interest of the buildings, which make conservation areas special. 1.12 This assessment of the character and appearance of the area is based on the present day situation. The intrinsic interest of an area, therefore, reflects both the combined effect of subsequent developments that replaced the earlier fabric and on the original remaining historic buildings, street patterns and open spaces. Designation and extensions 1.13 Highgate was originally designated as a conservation area on 21 December 1967. The original conservation area boundary included the village core and the Bishopswood area, the Gaskell Estate, together with the area bounded by Southwood Lane, Jacksons Lane, the central part of Archway Road, Muswell Hill Road, and Wood Lane up to Queen’s Wood. 1.14 The conservation area boundary was extended on the eastern side on 27 September 1990, to include the upper and lower parts of the Archway sub area, together with the Miltons and Shepherd’s Hill sub-areas. 1.15 The final relatively small boundary extension was on the eastern side to include part of Stanhope Road in the Shepherd’s Hill sub area on 29 November 1994. Context of the conservation area within the wider settlement. 1.16 Highgate is situated in north London and occupies the southwest corner of the borough of Haringey. Highgate village, located on top of Highgate Hill, is divided between the London boroughs of Haringey and Camden. The southern edge of the conservation area follows the borough boundary along Hampstead Road, runs along the middle of Highgate High Street, and down Highgate Hill. The London Borough of Barnet lies on the western edge of the conservation area and the London Borough of Islington on its southeast edge. Topography 1.17 The village of Highgate lies at the top of Highgate Hill. Highgate School and The Gatehouse public house on North Road stand at a level of 129.7 m. above sea level and 4.3 m. below the highest point of London, in Hampstead, to the West. The highest parts of the hills are covered by sand and gravel while the lower reaches gradually change to London clay. The area has many springs, streams and ponds draining into the River Lee and River Fleet basins. Views 1.18 The character of an area depends on views inside, outside, and within it.