History and Evolution of 1100/2200 Mainframe Technology • UNISYS This Paper Was Prepared in Recognition of the 35Th Anniversary of USE Inc
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UNIVAC I Computer System
Saved from the Internet on 3/9/2010 Created by Allan Reiter UNIVAC I Computer System After you look at this yellow page go to the blue page to find out how UNIVAC I really worked. My name is Allan Reiter and in 1954 began my career with a company in St Paul, Minnesota called Engineering Research Associates (ERA) that was part of the Remington Rand Corporation. I was hired with 3 friends, Paul S. Lawson, Vernon Sandoz, and Robert Kress. We were buddies who met in the USAF where we were trained and worked on airborne radar on B-50 airplanes. In a way this was the start of our computer career because the radar was controlled by an analog computer known as the Q- 24. After discharge from the USAF Paul from Indiana and Vernon from Texas drove up to Minnesota to visit me. They said they were looking for jobs. We picked up a newspaper and noticed an ad that sounded interesting and decided to check it out. The ad said they wanted people with military experience in electronics. All three of us were hired at 1902 West Minnehaha in St. Paul. We then looked up Robert Kress (from Iowa) and he was hired a few days later. The four of us then left for Philadelphia with three cars and one wife. Robert took his wife Brenda along. This was where the UNIVAC I was being built. Parts of the production facilities were on an upper floor of a Pep Boys building. Another building on Allegheny Avenue had a hydraulic elevator operated with water pressure. -
Plated Wire Memory Usage on the UNIVAC Minuteman Weapon System Computer ©2008 by Larry D
P.O. Box 131748 Roseville, MN 55113 Plated Wire Memory Usage on the UNIVAC Minuteman Weapon System Computer ©2008 by Larry D. Bolton, Clinton D. Crosby, and James A. Howe Larry Bolton was a component engineer assigned to the Minuteman program from 1969 to 1975. In support of the Minuteman program, we purchased a plated wire element and a raw tunnel structure. These were used by UNIVAC St. Paul to build the plated wire memory assembly. Larry Bolton’s function on the Minuteman program was to monitor suppliers to ensure that the program received plated wire and tunnel structure materials that met the specification requirements. Clint Crosby was an Applied Research engineer assigned to the Minuteman program and was part of a plated wire element analysis group from 1969 to 1980. Clint was involved with plated wire testing, plated wire manufacturing support at Bristol, and Minuteman memory module fabrication support at St. Paul. Jim Howe was the lead engineer for the three generations of plated wire memories for the Minuteman WSC computer (the EDM, ADM, and production versions), and was the lead engineer for a company-sponsored wide-margin plated wire memory design that was done as a backup to the three Minuteman memories. Unfortunately, even though it was a great success, it wasn't needed (customer political implications). PLATED WIRE PROGRAM UNIVAC Commercial in Philadelphia, PA, had developed a continuous chemical plating process to put a Ni- Fe magnetic plating over a 5 mil beryllium-copper substrate wire. Manufacturing was located at Univac Commercial in Bristol, Tennessee. The finished product was used in the 9000 series and initial 1110 commercial computers as well as on the Minuteman program. -
31 January 1971 J. Jurison Program Manager Distribution of This Report
31 January 1971 J. Jurison Program Manager Distribution of this report is provided in the interest of information exchange and should not be construed as an endorsement by NASA of the material presented. Prepared Under Contract for c70-171 /301 FOR E W OR%) This final report covers the work performed by Autonetics Division of North American Rockwell Coyporation under a study contract entitled Reconfigurable GSrC computer Study for Space Station Use. The report is submitted to the National Aeronautice and Space Administration Manned Spacecraft Center under the requirements of Contract N The study program covered the period from December 29, 1969 through January 31, 1971. The NASA. Technical Monitor was Mr. E. S. Chevers. The final report consists of seven (7) volumes: Volume I Technical Summary Volume II Final Technical Report Volume IU Appendix I. Model- Specification Volume TV Appendix 2. IOP - VCS Detailed Design Volume V Appendix 3. System Analysis and Trade-offs Volume VI Appendix 4. Software and Simulation Description and Results Volume VI1 Appendix 5. D-200 Computer Family Appendix 6. System Error Analysis Appendix 7. Reliability Derivation for Candidate Computers Appendix 8. Power Converter Design Data Appendix 9. Data Transmission Medium Design PPENDIX 5 1. 208 Building Blocks . e . e e a a . e e e . e e , . a e 5-1 Page- 1.0 Introduction and Summary e , , . ., . e e e e e , e . a 6-1 2.0 Error Analysis and Mechanization Equa*'blons e. * e *. , , . *.. 6-3 3.0 Computer Program e.. -... a *. a a . e. 6-8 4.0 Results a e.I). -
The UNIVAC System, 1948
5 - The WHAT*S YOUR PROBLEM? Is it the tedious record-keepin% and the arduous figure-work of commerce and industry? Or is it the intricate mathematics of science? Perhaps yoy problem is now considered im ossible because of prohibitive costs asso- ciated with co b methods of solution.- The UNIVAC* SYSTEM has been developed by the Eckert-Mauchly Computer to solve such problems. Within its scope come %fm%s as diverse as air trarfic control, census tabu- lakions, market research studies, insurance records, aerody- namic desisn, oil prospecting, searching chemical literature and economic planning. The UNIVAC COMPUTER and its auxiliary equipment are pictured on the cover and schematically pre- sented on the opposite page. ELECTRONS WORK FASTER.---- thousands of times faster ---- than re- lavs and mechanical parts. The mmuses the in- he&ently high speed *of the electron tube to obtain maximum roductivity with minimum equipment. Electrons workfaster %an ever before in the newly designed UNIVAC CO~UTER, in which little more than one-millionth of a second is needed to deal with a decimal d'igit. Coupled with this computer are magnetic tape records which can be read and classified while new records are generated at a rate of ten thousand decimal- digits per second. f AUTOMATIC OPERATION is the key to greater economies in the 'hand- ling of all sorts of information, both numerical and alpha- betic. For routine tasks only a small operating staff is re- -qured. Changing from one job to another is only a matter of a few minutes. Flexibilit and versatilit are inherent in the UNIVAC methoM o e ectronic *contro ma in9 use of an ex- tremely large storage facility for ttmemorizi@ instructions~S LOW MAINTENANCE AND HIGH RELIABILITY are assured by a design which draws on the technical skill of a group of engineers who have specialized in electronic computing techniques. -
SŁOWNIK POLSKO-ANGIELSKI ELEKTRONIKI I INFORMATYKI V.03.2010 (C) 2010 Jerzy Kazojć - Wszelkie Prawa Zastrzeżone Słownik Zawiera 18351 Słówek
OTWARTY SŁOWNIK POLSKO-ANGIELSKI ELEKTRONIKI I INFORMATYKI V.03.2010 (c) 2010 Jerzy Kazojć - wszelkie prawa zastrzeżone Słownik zawiera 18351 słówek. Niniejszy słownik objęty jest licencją Creative Commons Uznanie autorstwa - na tych samych warunkach 3.0 Polska. Aby zobaczyć kopię niniejszej licencji przejdź na stronę http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/pl/ lub napisz do Creative Commons, 171 Second Street, Suite 300, San Francisco, California 94105, USA. Licencja UTWÓR (ZDEFINIOWANY PONIŻEJ) PODLEGA NINIEJSZEJ LICENCJI PUBLICZNEJ CREATIVE COMMONS ("CCPL" LUB "LICENCJA"). UTWÓR PODLEGA OCHRONIE PRAWA AUTORSKIEGO LUB INNYCH STOSOWNYCH PRZEPISÓW PRAWA. KORZYSTANIE Z UTWORU W SPOSÓB INNY NIŻ DOZWOLONY NA PODSTAWIE NINIEJSZEJ LICENCJI LUB PRZEPISÓW PRAWA JEST ZABRONIONE. WYKONANIE JAKIEGOKOLWIEK UPRAWNIENIA DO UTWORU OKREŚLONEGO W NINIEJSZEJ LICENCJI OZNACZA PRZYJĘCIE I ZGODĘ NA ZWIĄZANIE POSTANOWIENIAMI NINIEJSZEJ LICENCJI. 1. Definicje a."Utwór zależny" oznacza opracowanie Utworu lub Utworu i innych istniejących wcześniej utworów lub przedmiotów praw pokrewnych, z wyłączeniem materiałów stanowiących Zbiór. Dla uniknięcia wątpliwości, jeżeli Utwór jest utworem muzycznym, artystycznym wykonaniem lub fonogramem, synchronizacja Utworu w czasie z obrazem ruchomym ("synchronizacja") stanowi Utwór Zależny w rozumieniu niniejszej Licencji. b."Zbiór" oznacza zbiór, antologię, wybór lub bazę danych spełniającą cechy utworu, nawet jeżeli zawierają nie chronione materiały, o ile przyjęty w nich dobór, układ lub zestawienie ma twórczy charakter. -
Sperry Rand's Third-Generation Computers 1964–1980
Sperry Rand’s Third-Generation Computers 1964–1980 George T. Gray and Ronald Q. Smith The change from transistors to integrated circuits in the mid-1960s marked the beginning of third-generation computers. A late entrant (1962) in the general-purpose, transistor computer market, Sperry Rand Corporation moved quickly to produce computers using ICs. The Univac 1108’s success (1965) reversed the company’s declining fortunes in the large-scale arena, while the 9000 series upheld its market share in smaller computers. Sperry Rand failed to develop a successful minicomputer and, faced with IBM’s dominant market position by the end of the 1970s, struggled to maintain its position in the computer industry. A latecomer to the general-purpose, transistor would be suitable for all types of processing. computer market, Sperry Rand first shipped its With its top management having accepted the large-scale Univac 1107 and Univac III comput- recommendation, IBM began work on the ers to customers in the second half of 1962, System/360, so named because of the intention more than two years later than such key com- to cover the full range of computing tasks. petitors as IBM and Control Data. While this The IBM 360 did not rely exclusively on lateness enabled Sperry Rand to produce rela- integrated circuitry but instead employed a tively sophisticated products in the 1107 and combination of separate transistors and chips, III, it also meant that they did not attain signif- called Solid Logic Technology (SLT). IBM made icant market shares. Fortunately, Sperry’s mili- a big event of the System/360 announcement tary computers and the smaller Univac 1004, on 7 April 1964, holding press conferences in 1005, and 1050 computers developed early in 62 US cities and 14 foreign countries. -
Sperry Corporation, UNIVAC Division Photographs and Audiovisual Materials 1985.261
Sperry Corporation, UNIVAC Division photographs and audiovisual materials 1985.261 This finding aid was produced using ArchivesSpace on September 14, 2021. Description is written in: English. Describing Archives: A Content Standard Audiovisual Collections PO Box 3630 Wilmington, Delaware 19807 [email protected] URL: http://www.hagley.org/library Sperry Corporation, UNIVAC Division photographs and audiovisual materials 1985.261 Table of Contents Summary Information .................................................................................................................................... 3 Historical Note ............................................................................................................................................... 4 Scope and Content ......................................................................................................................................... 5 Arrangement ................................................................................................................................................... 6 Administrative Information ............................................................................................................................ 6 Related Materials ........................................................................................................................................... 7 Controlled Access Headings .......................................................................................................................... 8 Bibliography -
Present and Future State of the Art in Guidance Computer Memories
https://ntrs.nasa.gov/search.jsp?R=19670030990 2020-03-24T00:05:48+00:00Z View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by NASA Technical Reports Server J' . t. NASA TECHNICAL NOTE --NASA --__TN D-4224 PSI d N N P n 4 c/) 4 z PRESENT AND FUTURE STATE OF THE ART IN GUIDANCE COMPUTER MEMORIES by Robert C. Ricci Electronics Research Center Cambridge, M ass, NATIONAL AERONAUTICS AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION WASHINGTON, D. C. NOVEMBER 1967 .-- TECH LIBRARY KAFB. NM 0330893----- NASA TN D-4224 PRESENT AND FUTURE STATE OF THE ART IN GUIDANCE COMPUTER MEMORIES By Robert C. Ricci Electronics Research Center Cambridge, Mass. NATIONAL AERONAUT ICs AND SPACE ADMINISTRATION For sale by the Clearinghouse for Federal Scientific and Technical Information Springfield, Virginia 22151 - CFSTI price $3.00 PRESENT AND FUTURE STATE OF THE ART IN GUIDANCE COMPUTER MEMORIES by Robert C. Ricci Electronics Research Center ABSTRACT A survey of the present and anticipated state of the art for 1970-1972 in guidance computer main memories is presented. The selection of memory components for use in advanced guidance computer applications motivates the work reported. Non-destruc- tive read-out (NDRO) vs. destructive read-out (DRO) type memory techniques and tech- nologies are discussed, with particular reference to six types of advanced solid-state memory devices: magnetic cores, plated wire, planar-magnetic thin films, etched- permalloy toroids, monolithic ferrites, and integrated-circuit memories. Present characteristics of these devices are compared, and a summary of anticipated charac- teristics of memory devices for 1970-1972 is detailed. -
UNIX Operating System Porting Experiences*
UNIX Operating System Porting Experiences* D. E. BODENSTAB, T. F. HOUGHTON, K. A. KELLEMAN, G. RONKIN, and E. P. SCHAN ABSTRACT One of the reasons for the dramatic growth in popularity of the UNIX(TM) operating sys- tem is the portability of both the operating system and its associated user-level programs. This paper highlights the portability of the UNIX operating system, presents some gen- eral porting considerations, and shows how some of the ideas were used in actual UNIX operating system porting efforts. Discussions of the efforts associated with porting the UNIX operating system to an Intel(TM) 8086-based system, two UNIVAC(TM) 1100 Series processors, and the AT&T 3B20S and 3B5 minicomputers are presented. I. INTRODUCTION One of the reasons for the dramatic growth in popularity of the UNIX [1, 2] operating system is the high degree of portability exhibited by the operating system and its associated user-level programs. Although developed in 1969 on a Digital Equipment Corporation PDP7(TM), the UNIX operating system has since been ported to a number of processors varying in size from 16-bit microprocessors to 32-bit main- frames. This high degree of portability has made the UNIX operating system a candidate to meet the diverse computing needs of the office and computing center environments. This paper highlights some of the porting issues associated with porting the UNIX operating system to a variety of processors. The bulk of the paper discusses issues associated with porting the UNIX operat- ing system kernel. User-level porting issues are not discussed in detail. -
Creativity – Success – Obscurity
Author Gerry Pickering CREATIVITY – SUCCESS – OBSCURITY UNIVAC, WHAT HAPPENED? A fellow retiree posed the question of what happened. How did the company that invented the computer snatch defeat from the jaws of victory? The question piqued my interest, thus I tried to draw on my 32 years of experiences in the company and the myriad of information available on the Internet to answer the question for myself and hopefully others that may still be interested 60+ years after the invention and delivery of the first computers. Computers plural, as there were more than one computer and more than one organization from which UNIVAC descended. J. Presper Eckert and John Mauchly, located in Philadelphia PA are credited with inventing the first general purpose computer under a contract with the U.S. Army. But our heritage also traces back to a second group of people in St. Paul MN who developed several computers about the same time under contract with the U.S. Navy. This is the story of how these two companies started separately, merged to become one company, how that merged company named UNIVAC (Universal Automatic Computers) grew to become a main rival of IBM (International Business Machines), then how UNIVAC was swallowed by another company to end up in near obscurity compared to IBM and a changing industry. Admittedly it is a biased story, as I observed the industry from my perspective as an employee of UNIVAC. It is also biased in that I personally observed only a fraction of the events as they unfolded within UNIVAC. This story concludes with a detailed account of my work assignments within UNIVAC. -
Correctional Data Analysis Systems. INSTITUTION Sam Honston State Univ., Huntsville, Tex
I DocdnENT RESUME ED 209 425 CE 029 723 AUTHOR Friel, Charles R.: And Others TITLE Correctional Data Analysis Systems. INSTITUTION Sam Honston State Univ., Huntsville, Tex. Criminal 1 , Justice Center. SPONS AGENCY Department of Justice, Washington, D.C. Bureau of Justice Statistics. PUB DATE 80 GRANT D0J-78-SSAX-0046 NOTE 101p. EDRS PRICE MF01fPC05Plus Postage. DESCRIPTORS Computer Programs; Computers; *Computer Science; Computer Storage Devices; *Correctional Institutions; *Data .Analysis;Data Bases; Data Collection; Data Processing; *Information Dissemination; *Iaformation Needs; *Information Retrieval; Information Storage; Information Systems; Models; State of the Art Reviews ABSTRACT Designed to help the-correctional administrator meet external demands for information, this detailed analysis or the demank information problem identifies the Sources of teguests f6r and the nature of the information required from correctional institutions' and discusses the kinds of analytic capabilities required to satisfy . most 'demand informhtion requests. The goals and objectives of correctional data analysis systems are ontliled. Examined next are the content and sources of demand information inquiries. A correctional case law demand'information model is provided. Analyzed next are such aspects of the state of the art of demand information as policy considerations, procedural techniques, administrative organizations, technology, personnel, and quantitative analysis of 'processing. Availa4ie software, report generators, and statistical packages -
History Timeline by Jeff Drobman (C) 2015 === 1889 - Punch Cards - Herman Hollerith (Of IBM Forerunner) Invented "IBM" Punch Cards to Be Used for the 1890 Census
Computer Memory History Timeline by Jeff Drobman (C) 2015 === 1889 - Punch cards - Herman Hollerith (of IBM forerunner) invented "IBM" punch cards to be used for the 1890 census. 1932 - Drum memory 1947 - Delay line memory 1949 - Magnetic CORE memory 1950 - Magnetic TAPE memory 1955 - Magnetic DISK memory - IBM RAMAC was first one 1957 - Plated wire memory 1962 - Thin film memory 1968 (ca) - Paper tape - Had beginnings dating back to 1846, but became widely used with teletype machines such as the Teletype Model 33 ASR, which were adopted early on by minicomputers as a primitive terminal. 1970 - Bubble memory 1970 - DRAM - Invented by Intel, first device was the 1101, organized as 256x1, followed by the 4x larger (1024x1) 1103(A) -- regarded as the world's first commercial DRAM (intro in October 1970). 1971 - Bipolar SRAM - Fairchild 256x1 (note IBM made a 16-bit SRAM in late 1960s. AMD made a second source of a 64x1 SRAM by Fairchild in 1971.) 1971 - EPROM - Invented by Dov Frohman of Intel as the i1702, a 2K-bit (256x8) EPROM. 1971 - "Floppy" disks -- First were 8-inch, hence very flexible ("floppy"). The 8" became commercially available in 1971. 1973 (ca) - Magnetic TAPE CASSETTE memory 1976 - Shugart Associates introduced the first 5¼-inch floppy (flexible) disk drive 1977 - EEPROM - invented by Eli Harari at Hughes - a BYTE erasable device 1979 - CMOS SRAM (static RAM, 4T/6T cell, implemented as a latch) - first introduced by HP then its spinoff as Integrated Device Technology. I believe first devices were 1K (1024x1), and later organized as x4 then x8.