TABLE OF CONTENTS
THE SILENT SERVICE……………………………………………………………………x
THE CREW OF SUBMARINE SEA POACHER………………………………………….xi
DEDICATION……………………………………………………………………………...xxix
DOLPHINS…………………………………………………………………………………xlii
WHY THIS BOOK…………………………………………………………………………xliii
HISTORY OF THE BALAO (SS-285) CLASS SUBMARINE……………………………xlv
HISTORY OF THE SEA POACHER ……………………………………………………...xlix
CHAPTER 1 FRANCIS M.GAMBACORTA WWII PATROL ONE 1
CHAPTER 2 FRANCIS M. GAMBACORTA WWII PATROL TWO 21
CHAPTER 3 CHARLES F. LEIGH WWII PATROL THREE 36
CHAPTER 4 CHARLES F. LEIGH WWII PATROL FOUR 50
CHAPTER 5 RALPH COBB 1944 – 1945 65
CHAPTER 6 BLISS NISONGER 1944 – 1945 72
CHAPTER 7 WARDEN GASKINS 1945 74
CHAPTER 8 BOB COOLEY 1945 78
CHAPTER 9 ROBERT SMIDUTZ 1945 81
CHAPTER 10 DAVE GREEN 1945 – 1946 83
CHAPTER 11 KENNETH CRAGO 1946 84
CHAPTER 12 MORRIS EZELL 1946 86
CHAPTER 13 JOHN SOHL 1946 87
CHAPTER 14 LEON EGGLESTON 1947 – 1948 88
CHAPTER 15 RICHARD FERRIS 1947 – 1949 89
v
CHAPTER 16 CHARLES DONNELLY 1948 – 1951 91
CHAPTER 17 JOHN (JACK) DUBBS 1948 – 1951 94
CHAPTER 18 GEORGE WYSE 1948 – 1952 97
CHAPTER 19 G.D. (BILL) HELLMER 1949 – 1950 99
CHAPTER 20 LEO CARR 1949 – 1951 100
CHAPTER 21 PETER AMUNRUD 1949 – 1952 102
CHAPTER 22 BOB ABBOTT 1949 – 1952 105
CHAPTER 23 WILLIAM BUCKLEY 1950 – 1956 109
CHAPTER 24 BILL MCKINNEY 1950 – 1951 123
CHAPTER 25 WILLIAM PARHAMENKO 1951 – 1953 126
CHAPTER 26 STEVE KURKJIAN 1952 129
CHAPTER 27 BOB MATHENY 1952 – 1956 130
CHAPTER 28 GLENN TRUMBLE 1953 – 1955 131
CHAPTER 29 ED THOMPSON 1953 – 1955 134
CHAPTER 30 DON SCHWARTZ 1954 – 1855 137
CHAPTER 31 THOMAS THOMPSON 1955 – 1956 141
CHAPTER 32 WILLIAM LUTTRELL 1955 – 1956 143
CHAPTER 33 COLVIN COCHRANE 1955 – 1956 145
CHAPTER 34 MARVIN SCHENKER 1955 – 1957 149
CHAPTER 35 TED ANTHONY 1955 – 1957 152
CHAPTER 36 JIM POWERS 1955 – 1959 158
CHAPTER 37 DONALD (WILKIE) WILKINSON 1956 – 1957 160
CHAPTER 38 BEN SHELDON 1956 – 1958 163
vi
CHAPTER 39 KEN BONNELL 1957 – 1958 170
CHAPTER 40 DAN EBERHARDT 1957 – 1959 177
CHAPTER 41 CARL DAVIS 1957 – 1959 182
CHAPTER 42 JACK NIMS 1957 – 1963 185
CHAPTER 43 LARRY COLWELL 1958 – 1959 189
CHAPTER 44 G. BRACEY AND E. FORNI 1958 – 1959 190
CHAPTER 45 KARL SCHIPPER 1958 – 1960 195
CHAPTER 46 FREDERICK EDWARDS 1958 – 1960 207
CHAPTER 47 RON GODWIN 1958 – 1961 211
CHAPTER 48 JOHN LOVE 1958 – 1961 218
CHAPTER 49 JOHN SAVORY 1958 – 1961 225
CHAPTER 50 JAMES W. WESTON 1959 233
CHAPTER 51 BOB (DEX) ARMSTRONG 1959 – 1960 238
CHAPTER 52 JOHN SNOOK 1959 – 1962 243
CHAPTER 53 RALPH FRENCH 1959 – 1960 245
CHAPTER 54 ROBERT ACOR 1959 – 1960 247
CHAPTER 55 LAWRENCE STAHL 1959 – 1961 248
CHAPTER 56 WILLIAM J. (STAGGER) LEE 1959 – 1963 253
CHAPTER 57 JOHN (JJ) LYNCH 1959 – 1963 256
CHAPTER 58 DALE LIGGETT 1959 – 1963 260
CHAPTER 59 EDWARD LIEFFRING 1960 267
CHAPTER 60 IVAN JOSLIN 1960 – 1963 269
CHAPTER 61 BOB HENRY 1960 – 1961 284
vii
CHAPTER 62 JEROME DAVI 1960 – 1961 295
CHAPTER 63 DON KAMUF 1960 – 1961 299
CHAPTER 64 MARSHALL POOLE 1960 – 1961 306
CHAPTER 65 BILL (JIGGER) BRINKMAN 1960 – 1962 308
CHAPTER 66 JERRY HOUCHENS 1960 – 1962 320
CHAPTER 67 RICHARD (GENE) DEMPSEY 1960 – 1962 321
CHAPTER 68 BOB SUMNER 1960 – 1963 326
CHAPTER 69 DANIEL MCLAREN 1960 – 1962 332
CHAPTER 70 ROY (LUKE) RILEY 1960 – 1962 335
CHAPTER 71 JACK ENSMINGER 1961 340
CHAPTER 72 DAVID ELMORE 1961 342
CHAPTER 73 PAUL ALLERS 1961 – 1962 343
CHAPTER 74 TOM DEULEY 1961 – 1963 347
CHAPTER 75 CARROLL LAWSON 1961 – 1963 351
CHAPTER 76 JACK MERRILL 1961 – 1963 352
CHAPTER 77 LANNY YESKE 1961 – 1963 362
CHAPTER 78 LEONARD R. KOJM 1961 – 1965 380
CHAPTER 79 GERALD (JOE) JOSEPH 1961 – 1963 381
CHAPTER 80 JEROME (JERRY) YOUNG 1962 383
CHAPTER 81 DEWEY REED 1962 – 1963 386
CHAPTER 82 SHAUN HICKS 1962 – 1963 387
CHAPTER 83 DAVID (BUSTER) MCCOLLUM 1962 – 1963 389
CHAPTER 84 JOE MURDOCH 1962 – 1963 394
viii
CHAPTER 85 JON NAGLE 1962 – 1963 396
CHAPTER 86 H. LAWRENCE GARRETT III 1962 – 1963 399
CHAPTER 87 LARRY WEINFURTER 1962 – 1965 401
CHAPTER 88 JAMES HALBERT 1962 – 1963 403
CHAPTER 89 DAN DYBALA 1963 405
CHAPTER 90 CLYDE (DICK) RIGGAR 1963 – 1964 407
CHAPTER 91 RICHARD (DICK) T. FOX 1963 – 1964 410
CHAPTER 92 RICHARD HOLTZ 1963 – 1965 417
CHAPTER 93 ARNE WEINFURTER 1963 – 1966 419
CHAPTER 94 FREDERICK (RICK) SOCHA 1964 – 1966 421
CHAPTER 95 RONALD FRALEY, SR. 1964 – 1967 429
CHAPTER 96 MERLYN DORRHEIM 1964 – 1967 431
CHAPTER 97 JOHN R. SAELI 1965 – 1967 432
CHAPTER 98 DAVID (RINGO) RINGLAND 1965 – 1967 440
CHAPTER 99 TY MERRITT 1965 – 1968 452
CHAPTER 100 CARL HEADLAND 1966 – 1968 454
CHAPTER 101 WILLIAM (DUKE) DUKACZ 1967 – 1968 463
CHAPTER 102 WILLIAM HUBERT JACKSON 1967 – 1969 465
CHAPTER 103 HARRY HUGGINS 1968 – 1969 469
CHAPTER 104 JOHN (HAP) HALLAM 1968 – 1969 475
CHAPTER 105 DEWEY AKINS 1969 477
CHAPTER 106 RESERVE FLEET BY YESKE 1969 – 1974 485
CHAPTER 107 JUAN DEL CAMPO RODRIGUEZ 1974 – 1996 486
ix
CHAPTER 108 HUMANITARIAN FUND 2003 – PRESENT 491
CHAPTER 109 MEMORIAL FUND 2003 – PRESENT 492
SEA POACHER EPILOGUE 495
I AM A SUBMARINER 502
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS 503
REFERENCES 504
THE SILENT SERVICE
A SUBMARINE AT SEA IS A DIFFERENT WORLD IN HERSELF
AND THE MEN WHO TAKE SUCH SHIPS TO SEA
ARE AN ELITE GROUP.
WE DEMONSTRATED A
COHESIVENESS AND INTERDEPENDENCE
WHILE CONFINED TO THE INNARDS OF THE
USS SEA POACHER.
WHILE RELYING ON EACH OTHER
TO DO IT PROPERLY THE FIRST TIME,
WE ALL RETURNED HOME.
x
THE CREW OF THE SUBMARINE SEA POACHER
Abbott, Robert EM 49-53 Éclair Charles MM Abiva,Theodorie TN 63-65 Austin, John EN 69 Ackernan, John TM 55-56 Austin, Willie EM 49-56 Acor, Robert QM 59-60 Axford, George LTjg 68-69 Acree, Samuel ET 57 Ayers, Robert EN 60 Adams, Bonner SN 47-49 Bail, Robert SA 49 Adams, Bruce MoMM 44 Bailey, Noal EN 50-60 Adams, George EN 55-56 Bailey, Raymond SN 44-45 Adams, Horace EN 63-64 Bailey, Willford SM 44-46 Adams, Norman ET 62-63 Bain, Frank RT 45-46 Adcock, Raymond SN 47 Bain, William SA 55-56 Agness, Ernest TM 64 Bainbridge, James ET 68 Ahler, Charles EM 57-59 Bainer, Frank MoMM 44 Ailes, Morton QM 52 Baird, Jack CS 48-49 Akins, Dewey EM 69 Baker, G.E. ET 63 Allen, Donald EM 60-62 Baker, R.L. YN 60 Allen, Robert Lt 63-66 Baker, Robert MM 63 Allers, Paul QM 61-62 Baldwin, Kenneth ET 55 Alqueza, Felix TN 60 Baldwin, Michael SB 58 Alvis, Frank LCDR 53 Ballard, Kelly SSMB 45 Amargo, Isidoro SD 52-53 Banks, Kenneth EN 67-69 Amos, Charles ET 63-64 Banting, Felicano SD 68-69 Amposta, Anastacio (Joey) TN 61-62 Barber, Vincent EN 49 Amunrud, Peter FC 49-52 Bardwell, Quitman FN 60 Anderson, George FT 54-55 Barker, Charles TM 65-66 Anderson, John SN 58 Barker, Gilbert ET 63-64 Anderson, Louis SM 61-62 Barkhurst, Kenneth SN 51 Anderson, Richard MM 45 Barnett, Vernon COB 60-64 Anderson, Richard ET 65 Barnes, Billy QM 45 Anderson, Ronald TM 56 Barnes, Don EM 46-49 Andres, David EM 49-52 Barry, Robert CS 50 Anthony, Bernard TM 59-60 Bartlett, Donald FT' 67 Anthony, Ted SO 55-57 Bartlet, Bruce EM 54-56 Antolin, D.P. TN 61 Barton, Wayne TM 47-48 Argenbright, Ronald CS 61-62 Bartorelli, Ralph GM 49 Arnold, John QM 61 Bartz, Jarold LTjg 68 Armstrong, Ted F. SOS 59-60 Bassett, Raymond FT 64 Anz, John TM 45-46 Bath, George ET 63-65 Arbuckle, William, RM 54-55 Battle, lrwin MoMM 45-46 Archbold, John 52-53 Bauer, Earl SO 54-56 Arvidson, David CS 52-53 Bauer, Russell TM 62-66 Ashenden, Edward TM 63-64 Baumgartner, Harold SK 63-64 Atkins, Robert TM 45 Bautista, Jose TN 64-65 Atkins, Stephen QM 55 Baybutt, Richard FN 44-46 Atkinson, William MM 45 Bayans, Ray EN 49
xi Baylor, Clyde TM 65-68 Blonshine, Richard ENS 66 Beach, Joel SK 62-63 Blount, Edward SN 68 Beard, Allen MM 45 Bludau, Gerald MM 61-62 Beard, James (Milt) EM 58-59 Boczon, Fredrick EN 48-5O Beard, Jimmie ET 68-69 Bohara, Stanley EN 49-50 Beardslee, Ralph QM 49 Boland, Dennis RM 68-69 Beaumont, Malcolm RM 64-65 Bole, Joseph ET 50-51 Becker, James IC 67-69 Boley, C!yde (Junior) EN 58 Becker, Jerome EN 67-68 Bolton, Harry FT 59-6O Beers, Howard TM 50-56 Booker, David TM 54-56 Beers, Robert (Bob) LT 68-69 Bonnell, Kenneth COB 57-58 Belden, Edwin EM 44-46 Bornowski, John TM 54-56 Bendo, Francisco TN 65-66 Boscarelli, Joseph CS 50 Benefield, Rodney QM 61-62 Boulton, W. D. 44 Benjamin, Marion TM 51 Bour, John EM 48-49 Benniston, Casey LTjg 55-57 Bovyn, Thomas QM 67-69 Benson, Harvey MM 63-68 Boyajian, George EM 46-49 Berg, Frederick SN 69 Boyd, Jerry (Smiley) SO 62-66 Berg, Robert XO 55 Boyd, Pat SN 58-60 Bernhard, Truman MM 61-64 Boyd, William MM 61-62 Bernotiet, Richard IC 6O-63 Boyett, Leroy TM 45 Berry, Earl MM 44-45 Boyle, Kenneth FC 48-49 Berry, Francis EN 6O Boyle, Thomas LTjg 6O-63 Berry, Robert CS 48-50 Bracey, George SO 58-59 Bertshinger, Alton TM 49 Bradford, Gordon MM 62-63 Bigalow, Harris FN 65 Bradley, Norris SN 44-45 Binder, Reynold MoMM 46-47 Bradley, Robert TM 58-62 Binns, Raymond FN 52-53 Bradshaw, John EM 67-69 Birck, Charles EN 68-69 Brattain, Fred EM 44-45 Birkle, Joseph SA 49 Branson, Robert EN 52 Birnie, Al YN 67 Breeden, Norman TM 49-50 Bishop, Clarence EN 50-56 Brenglemen, Henry EM 49-54 Bishop, Douglas IC 63 Brennen, Derwin SA 50 Bissen, Stanley EM 63 Breyman, Charles HM 55-58 Blackmon, James FT 62-63 Bridewell, James ET 63-66 Blackwell, Cecil STS 68-69 Briggs, Hubert FN 63 Blanco, Charles SO 48-49 Brill, John FN 52-53 Blangiardi, Salvator EN 61 Brinegar, Halbert EN 62-63 Blain, William H SA 55-56 Brink, J.J. Ens 44 Blair, Powell Pritic 45 Brinkley, David QM 67 Blanchard, Leroy ET 52 Brinkman, William EM 60-62 Blankenhagan, LuVern EM 59-60 Brintzinghoffer, David LTjg 67-69 Blankenship, Wesley TM 49 Britt, William (Britt) CS 50-52 Blanton, Freddy CYA 45 Bristle, George MoMM 47-48 Bias, Jesus SO 49-50 Brixley, James EN 60-61 Blas, Jose FN 49-50 Broadbent, Leroy EM 68-69 Blesch, Albert SA 48-49 Brooks, Elmer EM 45-46 Blomquist, Donald EM 53-54 Brothers, Leo MM 59-61
xii Brouwer, Larry SA 49 Cabot, Alan LTjg 58 Brown, Alfred EN 59-60 Cabran, Isidro TN 69 Brown, Arnold SM 45 Cain, Michael TM 63-64 Brown, Clyde EM 58 Cain, Richard TM 62 Brown, Frederick XO 63-66 Calderone, Frank GM 46-48 Brown, Harry TM 64-65 Calhoon, David STS 67-69 Brown, Henry TM 65 Calvert, Bobbie FT 55-59 Brooks, Howard RM 46 Camera, Nicholas FN 47 Brown, Jacob Lt 59-61 Cameron, C. L CO 49-51 Brown, James QM 46 Campbell, Donald ET 50-51 Brown, Marion TM 44-45 Canlas, Antonio SD 55-56 Brown, Richard ET 49-50 Canady, W. L FA 62 Brown, Thomas TM 60-61 Cannady, Donald EN 54-55 Brown, Wayne QM 67 Carbullido, Edward StM 45-47 Brown, William RM 46 Carbuildo, Frank TM 48 Brown, William YN 47-48 Carden, Olie EN 5O-56 Brust, Norbert IC 59-62 Cargulia, Donald EM 54 Bryan, James SN 54 Carlson, Rick TM 66-69 Bryom, James CS 54 Carney, Dick EN 64-66 Buck, Freeman SB 44-45 Carnicom, Robert TM 67-69 Buckley, William TM 50-56 Caron, Russell FN 68-69 Buckner, Gerald RM 64-65 Carpenter, James SO 50-52 Buchner, John STS 67-68 Carpenter, William MM 45 Bueli, W.E. SO 6O Carr, Leo EN 49-51 Buffington, Charles IC 60-61 Carroll, David YN 5O-52 Buffington, David EM 63 Carroll, Ernest TM 58-59 Bugarin, Josefino TN 50-54 Carroll, Kent XO 58-59 Bulot, Ronald SA 52 Carson, J.B. TM 53-59 Bunting, William EN 54-56 Carson, J.H. TM 48-52 Burbes, Everett IC 51-52 Carson, Lloyd MM 64-66 Burchard, Bryan MM 61-62 Carter, Clarence EM 45 Burgess, Robert SA 56 Carter, James EM 48-51 Burgett, James Lt 65-66 Carter, Kenneth EN 68-69 Burke, James EN 44-46 Carter, William SO 58 Burke, Joseph SN 55 Carver, Vinton OM 55-56 Burkett, Warren MM 67-69 Cary, Joseph ET 52-53 Burroughs, Norman EM 65 Cary, Howard EN 55 Burrows, Russell EM 65-68 Cashin, Leo SN 52 Burton, Carl EN 52-53 Catone, Louis SN 44-45 Butkis, George (Bubba) EN 62-63 Caulfield, Frank CS 52-53 Butler, Edward SN 47-48 Chaich, John EM 56-59 Butler, Patrick Chamberlain, Charles (Red) FT 60-61 Butler, Wayne QM 61 Chamberlin, Leslie CS 59 Butterfield, Franklin QM 54 Chapman, Stanley HM 65 Buzzerd. Randolph SN 68-69 Chapman, Stewart ET 53-54 Byon, Richard QM 51 Chase, Cedric SN 44 Byrnes, Matthew SA 55-58 Cheek Hiram SN 47 Cabe, Neil TM 69 Cherry Murry TM 48-49
xiii Cheshire, G. H. 47-48 Cooper, Don QM 63-66 Chestnut, Bob EN 59-62 Cooper, James ET 62-63 Childress, Andy ET 59 Cooper, Scott ET 49-51 Childs, George TM 45 Coobin, Doyle ET 63 Christensen, Fern EB 48-51 Corcoran, Raymond FN 48-49 Christenson, Curtis ETR 68-69 Cormier, Quebert EM 69 Chitkowski, Richard ET 62 Cornish, Arthur MoMM 45-48 Chubb, Edwin YN 49-51 Correla, Joseph QM 49 Cipra, Donald COB 64-65 Corrigan, William TM 67-68 Clarhaut, Joseph EN 55 Cotter, Timothy EM 44-46 Clark James FA 52-53 Coughlin, Donald RM 54 Clark, Lamont CS 64-68 Coupe, Richard XO 61-63 Clark Norman IC 60-62 Cousins, Charles SN 44 Clark, Warren SD 53-55 Couthit, William ET 63-44 Clarke, John LTjg 63-66 Coutu, Girard TM 55-59 Clegg, William MM 63-64 Cowart, Mack ET 52 Clifton, Arthur EM 61-63 Cowart, Billie EM 56-58 Clink, Edwin MM 44-47 Cox, Eugene SA 51-52 Cloud, Herbert EN 61-62 Crabtree, W.J. SA 48-49 Clubb, Richard QM 62-63 Crago, Kenneth MoMM 46 Coate, George STS 67-68 Craig, David EN 55-56 Cobb, Ralph LTjg 44-45 Craven, Lamont MM 62-63 Cochran, Calvin MM 55-56 Crawford, William XO 45-48 Cocita, Peter FN 68-69 Cremins, Raymond EM 60 Coe, Ronald ST 63-65 Crenshaw, David (Will) SO 60 Coffman, Howard RM 50-52 Crismon, Bill TM 46-48 Coffman, Howard HM 53-56 Crittenden, Richard EM 58 Collinson, Ronald RM 58-62 Cronk, Jim QM 49-51 Collier, James SC 49-50 Crosby, Robert ET 54 Collinson, Ronald SN 59-61 Crowley, David SN 52-54 Colwell, John FC 49-5O Crozier, William SN 52-53 Colwell, Lawrence LT 58-59 Cruse, Reese RM 46-51 Compton, Dennison YN 47 Cruz, Angel StM 45 Comtois, Ronald STS 67-68 Cruz, Enrique StM 45-49 Conahan, Raymond SA 49 Cuevas, Alfredo TN 68-69 Conklin, Paul SK 65-66 Cullen, Homer StM 45 Conley, John EN 59-60 Culp, Walter RM 62-66 Connelly, Robert TM 53-55 Cunningham, Ralph QM 45 Conner, Daniel EM 56-59 Cwyner, Alex TM 46-47 Convey, George SA 69 Dachenhausen, Larry EN 68-69 Cook Harold TM 46-49 Daggett, Donald ET 59-60 Cook, James SN 45-46 Daguo, Antonio TN 67-69 Cook, Marlow SN 46 Dailey, Grant IC 63-65 Cook, William TM 60-64 Dallis, Park RM 64-65 Coogan, James RM 48-51 Danculovich, Paul SA 69 Cooley, Robert SM 45 Daniel, Arnold FN 44-45 Cooney, James SA 51-55 Daniels, Edward LTjg 68 Cooper, David MM 60-61 Daniels, Howard MoMM 45-46
xiv Danielson, John RM 68 Dodge, Wayne QM 67-68 Darnold, Wendall RM 50-51 Dodson, Carol TM 6O-62 Daughtery, Frederick FN 58-59 Donoghue, Phillip SN 61 Davi, Jerome XO 60-61 Donnellan, William EN 63-64 David, Carl CO 57-59 Donnelly, Charles EN 48-51 David, Joseph ET 60-62 Dorn, Gary ET 55-57 Davidson, Carroll CS 50-51 Dorrheim, Merlyn TM 64-66 Davidson, Jonnie EN 63 Dortuna, Sam EM 47-49 Davis, E.W. MM 61 Doughtery, William QM 47-48 Davis, Earnest SN 63-64 Douthit, William ET 63-64 Davis, Fred TM 49-53 Doyle, Milbert RMM 68-69 Davis, Hershel MM 65 Drake, James IC 68-69 Davis, James YN 68-69 Dresser, Rodney Davis, Ronald EN 58-60 Driver, Jere RM 63 Davis, William MM 44-48 Drousch, Francis EN 59 Day, Floyd EN 60 Dubbs, John EN 48-51 Day, Paul SN 64-65 Dukacz, William (Duke) IC 67-68 Dean, John MoMM 47 Duke, Roy EM 69 Deason, James QM 63 Dulac, Patrick IC 69 DeAntonio, Vito SN 44-46 Dunkin, John (Dunk) MM 66-68 DeBonis, Robert FN 54 Dunn, Alfonse SO 52 Deckard, Richard EM 60 Dunn, David YN 61-63 Deese, Richard YN 49-52 Dunn, Robert YN 59-61 Delaney, Robert FT 52 Dunning, Charles QM 52 DeLeon, Rogelio TN 65-66 Dutro, Hubert EN 52 Deleurere, Armard YN 69 Dybala, Daniel IC 63 Demers, Maurice HM 48-50 Earl, Richard EN 63-65 Dempsey, Richard LTjg 60-62 Eaton, Howard SN 52 Demming, James Ens 47 Easley, Jack SC 45-46 Demonge, Robert TM 54-56 Eason, William TM 63 Denham, George TM 45-46 Eberhardt, Daniel AUX 58-59 Denhardt, Richard FN 58-6O Eckert, Halford EN 5O Departo, Donald HM 62-63 Edwards, Frederick XO 58-60 Deramus, Kenneth TM 58-63 Edwards, George CS 60~65 Derenser, John TM 48 Edwards, John EM 45 Despang, Alfred E M 59-61&63 Edwards, Joseph ET 62-63 Deuley, Thomas EM 62 Edwards, Morris SN 67-68 Dicaire, Raymond SM 68-69 Edwards, Robert ET 49-5O Dickerson, Floyd SN 63-65 Edward, Robert HM 52 Dickey, Alfred SA 49 Eggleston, Leon FN 47-48 Dickinson, Raymond TM 54 Ehlschlaeger, Frank SA 55 Dietrich, William LTjg 65-66 Elliott, Richard LTjg 59-60 Dirilo, Benjamin TA 55 Ellis, Hal LTjg 59-61 Dittmer, John MoMM 47-49 Ellis, Horace QM 49-50 Dimmings, Arthur SN 44-45 Ellis, James ET 65-66 Divelbiss, Dallas XO 62 Ellis, William FN 67-68 Docekal, William LTjg 68 Elmer, James ET 58 Dodge, Dennis FN 58-60 David Elmore QM 61
xv Elmore, Donnie ET 60-61 Fitzgerald, Roger IC 55-56 Elwood, James EM 63-64 Fitzgerald, William EN 51-52 Emberger, Thomas FT 64 Flanders, Thomas CS 62 Empson, Theodore SA 54-55 Flannery, W.T. SN 48-50 Englert, Edward GM 45 Flaskas, Buster SM 44-45 Engles, John IC 58-59 Floto, Warren TM 59-61 Ensminger, Jack TM 61 Flower, Elbert RM 60 Epps, John LTjg 47 Fowler, Howard SN 47-48 Erb, Richard IC 63 Floyd, George EM 58-59 Erickson, Albert ET 47-49 Forni, Ellwood SO 58 Erickson, Elwood IC 58-61 Fontes, Ernest EN 51-52 Ertl, Alois EN 60-63 Forbes, Julius QM 46-47 Estes, John IC 61-64 Forcier, James GM 51 Esquibel, Theodore EN 56 Ford, Robert IC 55-56 Eubank, Garl TM 50-51 Forrester, James EN 50-54 Evans, Clifford CS 45 Fortini, Dante SN 47-48 Evans, Francis IC 63 Fortier, Lynn FT 63 Everaert, George TM 49-52 Foss, Paul RM 54-55 Ezell, Morris QM 46 Fox, Richard CO 63-64 Fall, Sydney CS 51-52 Foy, Charles GM 44-46 Faris, William LTjg 68-69 Fox, Taylor TM 46 Farmer, James ET 69 Fraley, Ron TM 64-66 Farmer, Robert QM 61 Frantz, Robert SN 65-66 Farnell, Joel Bkr 47-49 Frazier, John EM 63-64 Farnsworth, J. RM 48-49 Freitas, August SN 44 Farrel, Robert MoMM 48-49 Friedrich, Alfred TM 47-49 Farrell, Robert EN 45-46 Fredrickson, Christian EN 55-56 Farrell, Tony ET 63 Freed, James YN 67-68 Fate, Dale SN 54-55 Freeland, Amos EM 58 Fate, Dale FN 58-59 French, Ralph CS 59-60 Fatzinger, Russell EN 69 French, Satterlee TM 44-45 Favors, Jess EM 59-60 Frey, Ronald SA 69 Fearn, Richard FN 56-59 Fricke, Adrean TM 49-51 Fedorko, Michael GM 49-50 Fritcher, Dale ST 69 Feigen, Richard SK 69 Fry, Charles TM 49 Feingoid, Stanley TM 65 Frye, Carl CS 48-52 Fender, George EN 52 Fullwood, John EM 52 Fennel Joseph LT 68 Fulmer, John MM 45 Fenson, Harvey MM 63-64 Fulton, William MoMM 45 Ferrer, Virgidio TN 63-65 Funderburk, Don SK 69 Ferris, Phillip EM 45 Funicelli, Louis CS 65 Ferris, Rich SS 47-49 Furlong. James SN 65 Field, Edward FT 65-66 Fuxjager, Richard TM 46-49 Filhart, Billy EN 62-63 Fyle, Dennis RM 68-69 Finley, Charles RM 62-64 Gador, Salvatore TN 65-66 Fintoff, Ernest FA 48 -49 Gagnon, Armand FA 69 Fischer, John TM 67-68 Gagui, Jose TN 69 Fisher, Ben LT 68-69 Gall, Harold EN 59-61
xvi Gallemore, Roy LT 44-47 Grant, Roy EM 49-5O Gallman, Robert ET 68 Graveson, George LT 61 Gambacorta, Frank CO 44-45 Green, David FN 45-46 Garcia, Herbert FT 63 Green, David CS 68-69 Garner, John SO 61-62 Green, Donald CS 54-55 Garrett, H. Lawrence MM 62-63 Greene, Bryce SO 60-63 Garven, Earl QM 52 Greene, Garth FN 49 Gaudet, Bruce FN 58 Greenleaf, Robert CS 56 Gaunt, Robert TM 44 Greenville, John SO 57-58 Gaskins, Warden XO 45 Griffin, Buel RM 61-63 Gast, Clifford MoMM 46 Griffith, George SA 60-62 Geddes, Arthur QM 48-51 Griggs, Carlton Lt 68-69 Geiger, Raymond SF 45 Grimsley, John SK 62 Genovese, Phillip TM 52 Griswald, Clifford CT 68 Gentry, Jim (Jack) TM 62-63 Groat, Harry HM 67 Gerenser, John SN 46-49 Gromling, Robert SO 63-66 Giampietro, Nicholas EM 58-59 Grotyohann, Arthur RT 45-46 Giannetto, Joseph EM 69 Grover, Thomas SD 64 Gibbons, Edmund TM 49-52 Guerrero, Steven IC 68-69 Gibbons, Michael ET 62-65 Guibualt, Eugene EN 51-52 Gibbons, Michael LTjg 63-66 Guidi, Robert EM 46 Gibson, W.R. CO 51-53 Guinn, Jackie SN 55-58 Giffin, Walter EM 45-46 Guinn, Robert CS 53 Gilbert, Donald RM 54-56 Gum, Leo QM 58-59 Gilbreth, Kenneth IC 59-62 Gusler, Paul EM 52 Gillett, Lyle TM 63 Guthrie Henry EN 63-66 Gillin, Raymond ET 58-59 Guthrie, Robert CT 68 Gilman, Robert (Red) MM 61-62 Hagemeier, Mel Rm 67-68 Gibon, Allen TM 68-69 Hagler, Bobby Qm 68-69 Giza, Glenn MM 67-68 Hahn, George (Gus) IC 68-69 Gizoni, Ernest TM 48-49 Haire, Thomas MM 61-63 Glenn, Samuel MM 44-45 Halbert, J.H. FA 62-64 Godwin, Ron ST/Ens 58-61 Halcult, James SN 67-68 Goold, William EN 58-60 Hale, Carl EM 59-61 Goordman, John ET 54-55 Hale, Charles EM 59-63 Gonzalas, Enrique TN 63-65 Hall, George FN 44-45 Gorsuch, Billy RM 67-68 Hall, Jerry FN 64-65 Gorton, Richard CS 54 Hall, Kenneth TM 61 Gosline, Robert LTjg 68 Hall, Ralph RM 59-62 Goss, John MM 46-49 Hall, Richard SO 60-61 Gouge, Robert EN 59-60 Hall, William QM 50-54 Gould, William EN 57-61 Hallam, John EM 68-69 Graboff, Ire MM 44-45 Hammac, Bobbie Joe FA 58-62 Grace, William EM 45-48 Hammett, Earl Jack RM 63-66 Gracia, Reynaldo TN 62 Hanson, Eric TM 61-63 Graef, William FT 6O Hanson, Norman ET 48 Graham, Jackie IC 61-63 Hanson, Robert EN 53-55 Graham, John MoMM 47-48 Happersett, Paul XO 66-67
xvii Harbin, James QM 52 Hibbert, Ronald EM 63-68 Harden, Thomas HM 65-66 Hickey, David EM 59-61 Harder, Ira FA 58-59 Hickman, Billie ET 61-62 Harder, Joel FA 67-68 Hickman, Darrell TM 44-45 Hari, Victor ST 69 Hickman, Jimmie EN 51-54 Harms, Dave YN 63-64 Hicks, Shaun IC 62-63 Harrell, Max FCS 49-50 High, James LT 58-60 Harris, Charles RM 63 Higley, William SO 60-61 Harris, Paul QM 63-64 Hill, Edward IC 68-69 Hartigan, John EM 61 Hillard, Henry QM 64-68 Hanson, Roy TM 58 Hilliard, Roy RM 64-65 Harper, James AS 46 Hillstad, Lonnie EM 69 Harrison, Robert RM 59 Hilty, Oscar EN 50 Harrod, Otto MoMM 45-47 Hinds, James LT 68 Hartung, Stephen TM 64-65 Hoagland,William TM 46-49 Harvey, John CS 59-63 Hobbs, Delbert CS 45-46 Harvey, Lee SN 48-49 Hofer, Richard TM 44-46 Hatfield, Hagood EN 52-54 Hoffman, Wi!liam ET 65-66 Hatfield, William ET 64 Holdren, William TM 68-69 Haupt, Fred SN 50-52 Hollaway, John EM 68-69 Hauser, Frank WM 69 Holley, Donald TM 63-64 Havard, Lewis EN 68 Hollingsworth, Leland EM 67-68 Hawkins, Jerome WM 68-69 Hollins, John EN 53 Hays, Oval EM 49-51 Hollyer, Lawrence SN 49-50 Hayes, William lC 56-59 Holman, Henry YN 62 Headland, Carl CDR 68 Holman, John EM 5O-54 Heape, Oscar SA 51-55 Holman, Norman IC 68-69 Hebering, Michael MoMM 46-47 Holmes, Edwin SF 45 Heckroth, Raymond QM 49-52 Holmgren, Wayne RM 44-45 Hedrick, Hubert IC 63 Holtman, William ET 63-65 Hehmann, Michel ET 68-69 Holtz, Richard ET 63-65 Heilman, Bruce QM 49-5O Holtzclaw, Dale EN 60-61 Helliesan, James EN 61 Holtzhauser, Arthur HM 54 Hellmer, Gerald (Bill) SN 49-5O Honnold, Horace EM 50 Helm, Otho QM 46 Honnoll, James SN 49-50 Helms, Bryan CS 65-68 Hood, James MM 69 Hemphill, Joe BM 44-45 Hoover, Russell MM 48 Hemsley, Max QM 60 Hopson, Lester TM 61-62 Henard, Pat TM 45-47 Horne, Robert EN 60-61 Hendrix, Thomas FCS 45 Horton, Scott QM 44-47 Henry, Robert EM 60-61 Houchens, Jerry ET 60-62 Henry, William LTjg 58-59 Houston, Ira BM 47-48 Hensel, Jeri TM 58 Houston, Robert CO 46-48 Hepner, William RM 65-66 Hovey, Albert ET 63 Herndon, John QM 55-56 Howard,Charles EN 52-53 Herr, George SA 49-5O Howard, David HM 58-61 Hertle, Clinton TM 52 Howell, Joe EM 46-50 Hibbard, Lowell EM 58 Howerton, Billy EN 58-59
xviii Howton, Charles FN 63-65 Jensen, John LT 55-57 Howdeyshell, Oscar EN 54-55 Jenson, J.H. TM 60 Howell, Robert SN 55-56 Jerrett, Jerry YN 63-64 Huckabee, Billy CS 59 Jette, Paul RM 65-66 Hucks, Jerry LTjg 63-66 Jewell, Gary EM 64-65 Hudgins, John LT 53 Jockel, Joe XO 69 Hudson, James RM 63 Johns, Jack QM 49-50 Huey, Donald SA 49-50 Johnsen, Owen EN 68-69 Huffman, David FN 51 Johnson, Arnold EM 63 Huggins, Harry CO 68-69 Johnson, Carroll DC 62-63 Hughes, Archibald SN 52 Johnson, David QM 53 Hughes, James RM 60-61 Johnson, Howard SA 49-5O Hughes, Robert TM 60 Johnson, Otis TN 5O Hughes, Robert SO 59-61 Johnson, Joseph QM 56-59 Humber, William EN 51-52 Johnston, Albert EN 6O-63 Humphries, Carol FN 58-6O Jones, Alfred EN 58-60 Hundt, James SN 64-65 Jones, C.J. TN 58 Hunt, George QM 56 Jones, Ralph EM 58 Hunt, Harold Qm 45 Jones, Ralph QM 58 Huray, Regis (Hiphip) CT 67 Jones,Tommy En 68-69 Hurst, Walter FN 47-49 Jones, Wilbur EN 55-59 Hurst, William RM 59-60 Jordan, Clayton EN 53 Hurst, William MM 44-45 Jordan, Douglas LT 59-61 Huston, Robert CO 47 Jordan, Jack SN 58 Hyde, William SN 48 Jordan, Matthew EM 69 Hylink, Gerald IC 64-66 Jorn, Jerry IC 51-54 Ihrig, Rodney EN 68-69 Joseph, Gerald (Joe) TM 61-65 Ingramm, Kenneth FT 6O-62 Joslin, Ivan LT 60-63 Irion, Henry HM 63-65 Jowers, Ruben EM 61-63 Jackson, Glen EN 64-65 Judy, William EM 49 Jackson, William Hubert FN 67-69 Julien, Thomas SO 58 Jacobson, Bruce MM 62-63 Juricek, John QM 63 Jaeger, Chades SA 56 Kallas, Edward YN 68 Jaeger, Davis EN 51-52 Kamuf, Donald (Muff) EN 60-61 Jahnke, Henry EM 58 Kaiser, Wendall QM 64-66 Jahms, William IC 56 Kanaszka, Zigmund EN 52-55 James, Howard YN 54 Kane, Michael EM 63 Janak, Robert RM 63-65 Kanschat, Rick IC 68-69 Jardine, George CS 52-53 Karwowski, William QM 44-45 Jarvis, Anthony HM 56 Kassinger, Mike EN 64-66 Jarvis, Henry FN 67-68 Katen, Allen MM 62-63 Jascot, John SN 45-46 Kaufman, David MM 63-65 Jelenich, Anthony EN 48-49 Keevil, Arthur LTjg 47 Jenkins, Fames EM 48 Keffer, Gerald TM 64-66 Jenkins, Luther QM 51-54 Keffeler, David ET 63-65 Jennings, Martin EN 56 Keir, James EN 50-52 Jennison, Richard EM 6O-64 Keith, Olen SC 46 Jensen, Richard QM 56-58 Kelley, Lester (Dutch) MM 61-63
xix Kelly, Robert EM 54 Lachney, Bruce ET 68 Kelly, William CS 60-61 Lackey, Royce TM 58-59 Kelly, William FT 63-64 Lacourse, James RM 59 Keloy, William FT 63 Lacouture, Paul LT 44 Kemmer, Robert ET 62 Lago, Abelardo TM 48 Kemp, Thomas EN 49-53 Lallie, Robert SA 49 Kendall, Warren SN 50-52 Lambert, Harold YN 65 Kennon, John TN 49 Lambert, Kenneth lC 62-64 Kent, William EM 46-47 Lambert, Lawrence FT 59-61 Kentz, Joseph MoMM 47 Lampley, Tom SN 45-46 Kile, Kenneth (Ping Jockey) SO 51-55 Landis, Edward QM 52-54&63 Killgore, Carlos EM 63-65 Lange, Alfred FA 65-66 Kilosky, Edward EM 63 Langley, Samuel TM 52-54 Kimbrough, James CS 53-54 Landis, Edward QM 53-54 Kindelberger, Roy ET 53-54 LaPlante, Clayton EN 56-58 King, Charles RM 53-54 Larson, Edward QM 63-65 King, Edward LTjg 55-57 Larson, Kenneth SA 59 King, Robert ST 64-66 Larson, Wallace EN 49-52 Kinnie, Phillip EN 53-56 Laufman, Harold MM 64-65 Kirkpatrick,Gary EN 50-52 Lavalle LT 48 Klarmann, George IC 54 Law, Troy FN 52 Klasen, George SA 49 Lawrence, Robert ET 62-63 Kleinweber, Terrence EM 61-66 Lawson, Carroll QM 61-63 Kline, Harmon TM 44-45 Lawson, Gary RM 69 Klos, A!exander SM 46-47 Lazarus, Herbert MoMM 47-48 Keonig, Frederick IC 55 Lazo, Johnny SA 61-63 Kojm, Len CO 61-63 Lease, Norman SO 64-66 Kollar, Peter TM 65 LeBel , Robert FN 44-46 Kondrat, James TM 49 LeBlanc, Kenneth ET 60 Koon, Charles TM 67-69 Lecompte, Walter SO 62 Koron, Joseph EM 46-48 Lederer, Frank TM 46-48 Kotwitz, Walter EN 48-49 Ledford, Nell EN 49-50 Knight, Lawrence EM 58 Lee, Edwin (Ted) ST 60-62 Knisley, Dean EN 61 Lee, Robert SC 45 Krivacsy, Raymond TM 53 Lee, Tryo FN 53-54 Kroll, Leonard (Mother Kroll) TM 52-55 Lee, William (Stagger Lee) PN 59-61 Kroll, Thomas ET 68-69 Lee, William SN 52-54 Kromer, Thomas EM 63 Legette, Hudson SN 58 Kropack, Kenneth TM 67-68 Legros, Lawrence MM 45 Kruyd, Jacob TM 60-62 Leigh, C.F. CO 45-46 Kruzner, Gerald SA 55 Lemmerman, James EN 60-62 Kuhnsman, Carl RM 45-46 Lennox, Bryou FA 62-64 Kukar, Albert EN 58-59 Leslie, Andrew RM 55 Kumanski, Harry TM 45 Lessig, Walter EM 64 Kurkjian, Stephen EN 51 Levaur, Herman MM 61 Kyber, Frederick CS 52 Levin, Burt Lt 58 Laake, Richard SN 52-53 Lewis, Alfred GM SO Lachica, Ricardo TN 54-55 Lewis, Carl EM 53-56
xx Lewis, Daniel STM 47 Manion, Kenneth EM 63-66 Lewis, Richard SA 51-52 Marchesseault, Roland FN 44-45 Lieffring, Edward HM 60 Marcotte, Kenneth SN 44-45 Liggett, Dale QM 59-63 Marcotte, Stanley CS 54-55 Lilliott, William Lt 44 Markham, Carl TM 48-5O Lind, Aulis SN 54-55 Marko, Peter EM 62 Lindow, Kenneth TM 68-69 Marmaud, Joseph EN 53-56 Lippincott, Wayne TN 45-46 Marshall, James FT 63-64 Littrell, Larry E. EN 58-59 Martell, Stanley FT 69 Lockhart Fred FN 50 Martin, Dennis SN 63-64 Lockwood, George (Bart) TM 69 Martin, Jimmy TM 65-66 Lofland, Jim CS 58-61 Martin, William EM 56 Lohner, Edward EM 68-69 Martinez, Portifino YN 61-63 Long, Gale EM 59-62 Marquess, Raymond HM 61 Long, Glen TM 60-62 Mask, Robert FC 50-51 Loposor, Avery (Ken) Lt 57 Massey, Richard EM 61-62 Lorrey, John MoMM 47 Mastri, Fred SA 52-53 Lott, Luther GM 44-45 Matern, Gerald YN 46 Love, John ET 58-61 Matheny, Robert SO 52-56 Loveless, Jerry FA 69 Matthews, Earl (Arkie) EN 58-59 Luce, Henry MM 63-64 Matthews, Warren EM 49 Luckett, William Mattingly, Nelson (Sam) EM 52-56 Lukens, Fran YN 65-66 Matter, Darwin QM 50 Lundy, Nathan EM 51-53 Maue, Clemens SN 46-49 Lunt Robert ET 62-63 Maulden, Robert QM 48-5O Lustria, Pedro SD 68 May, William EM 49 Luttrell, Bill YN 55-56 Mayberry, Andrews EM 49 Lynch, John (JJ) CS 59-63 Mayer, Edward SA 54-55 Lynch, John QM 69 Mayher, D.B. CO 55 Lynch, Timothy TM 52-56 Mayo, Walter SN 53-56 Lyons, Edward EN 50-53 Maynard, Julian DN 52-54 Mace, Elbert EN 48-50 Mazue, R. A. SO 60 Mach John SA 49-5O McAdams, James EN 67-68 Macielak, Rudolph FN 44-46 McAllister, William RM 68-69 MacPherson, Donald EN 44-50 McAtamney, Charles MoMM 47-48 MacPherson, R. A. FN 60 McAuliffe, William SO 52 Macuszonok, John EN 49-52 McBee, AIfred SN 52-56 Madill, Robert EM 49-5O McBurnie, Perley SF 45 Madsen, Anton QM 68-69 McCain, Glenn (Doc) HM 60-62 Mahan, Burnett EM 68-69 McCain, James MM 65-66 Mahar, David B. CO 53-54 McCain, Kenneth SA 59 Maheham, Carl SN 48 McCain, Richard MM 65-67 Marzun, John MM 58-59 McCann, William MoMM 45 Malcutt, James SN 67-69 McCargo, Clark QM 65 Malone, Roy QM 61 McCarty, James FN 68-69 Maltby, Raymond SA 52 McCauley, Harry QM 48-49 Manalac, Rogelio TN 63-65 McClanahan, Jim IC/Ens 59-63 Mane, Clement SN 46-49 McClanahan, Merle EN 68-69
xxi McClanahan, Virda MoMM 46-47 Merritt, Ty MM 65-68 McClauskey, Homer ET 56-58 Mestas, Manual TM 45 McCollum, David (Buster) QM 62-63 Metz, Robert TM 5O McCombs, James TM 49-50 Meyer, Bruce EM 67 McCommas, Tilden EM 63-66 Meyer, William LT 58-60 McConnell, James TM 50-51 Mickey, Bobbie SA 52-53 McCormack Alfred SN 47-48 Mikel, Hardd EN 63-65 McCormack, Peter YN 51 Miller, Alfred SC 47-48 McCorkle, Richard TM 60 Miller, Calvin LTjg 63-66 McCoy, Lynn SN 46-48 Miller, Eugene TM 46 -47 McCoy, Martin TN 45 Miller, Jack RD 52-53 McCoy, Paul TM 67-68 Miller, Louis QM 64 McCready, Donald SN 49-50 Miller, Nolan CS 48-50 McCullen, William CS 63-64 Miller, Patrick ET 49 McCurry, Robert MM 61-62 Mills, Franklin CS 69 McCutcheon, Carl ST 69 Mills, James ET 63-64 McDermott, J. E. Jr. EM 60 Mina, Alfred SN 58 McDonald, Charles EM 61-62 Minchey, Morgan TM 61-63 McDonough, Karl TM 59 Minett, John YN 45 McGehee, Harold EM 49-50 Mitchell, John EN 55 McGill, Keith ET 53-54 Molley, Robert LT 47 McGowan, Daniel TM 45-46 Monroe, Richard SO 48-49 McInroy, Alan IC 63 Montgomery, Frederick TM 59-60 McKinney, Milbourn MM 67-68 Montgomery, Ralph SN 46-47 McKinney, William EN 50-51 Montz, Edward (Eddie) YN 52-53 McLaren, Daniel SO 6O-62 Moody, Daniel TM 5O McClendon, Hoyt TM 47 Moore, Richard TM 48-53 McLennan, Alexander QM 68 Moore, Richard LT 63-64 McMahon, Wallace TM 52 Mordecai, Mark Ens 55 McManis, Donald SA 48-49 Morgan, James EN 65-69 McManus, Harold EN 51 Morn, C. E LT 53 McNabb, Kenneth RM 63-65 Morris, Lee TA 53 McNair, Edward SD 49 Morris, Robert SN 63-65 McNeel, Charles SK 64-65 Morris, Thomas YN 47-50 McNeil, William SN 47-48 Morrow, Charles SA 52 McNerney, James LT 61-66 Mortenson, Robert CS 54-55 McPherson, William RM 51-52 Mulhulland, James FC 51 McQuillan, Arthur EM 48-49 Murdoch, Joe ET 62-63 McSorley, James SN 60-62 Murphy, Frank EN 62-65 Mears, Bruce EM 67-69 Murphy, Robert TM 49 Mederios, Carl EN 61 Murphy, Timothy SN 67-68 Meek, Eugene FN 44-46 Murphy, Ronald MM 63-64 Meek, Thomas ET 5O-53 Murphy, William YN 66-67 Meridenhall, Jack EN 49 Murray, John EN 48-50 Mercado, Rolando TN 59-60 Murray, Frank FA 55 Melhorn, Joseph EM 63-64 Murray, Lester EM 44-48 Merrill, John E. III (Jack) TM 61-63 Murray, Richard SN 46-47 Merritt, James MM 65-68 Musgrave, Joe SN 68-69
xxii Myers, James EN 65-66 Parhamenko, William RM 51-53 Myers, Rudolph QM 58-60 Park, John CS 62-65 Nagle, Jon MM 62-63 Parker, Benny YN 53 Nagle, Gary EN 63 Parker, Bryan MM 67-69 Napier, Charles (Hap) QM 5O-53 Parker, Johnny SN 56 Narzarchyk, John MM 61-62 Parker, Herman RM 63 Naujoks, Richard QM 48-49 Parker, Herman EM 65-66 Nauss, Thomas FA 67-69 Parker, Ray RM 63-66 Nelson, Felix ET 52-54 Parish, James SF 45 Nelson, William EM 52-54 Passermine, Nando TM 53-54 Nesmith, Jerrald SC 44-45 Partida, John YN 6O Nesmith, Samuel TN 51-53 Patrick, Joseph EN 61-63 Nettleship, Frank CB 44-45 Patrick, Walter RM 61-63 Nein, Thomas FN 52-55 Patterson, Ronald (Magoo) EN 59-62 Newell, Bobbie GM 44-46 Payne, Thomas EN 51-52 Newes, Thomas SN 65-66 Pearce, Robert LTjg 62-63 Newman, Charles QM 69 Pendergraph, Dallas ET 51-52 Newton, Arthur XO 49-51 Pennell, Joseph lC 64-65 Nicholoy, John FN 48-49 Penney, Jack EM 45 Nichols, Joseph SN 44-45 Peoples, Daniel EM 68-69 Nichols, Keith LT 53 Peppler, Charles RM 54 Nickel, Carl YN 53 Peregrino, Elias CK 45-49 Nies, Edgar RM 49 Perkins, J.J. ME 53-55 Nims, Jack EM 58-63 Perkins, Robert EN 67-68 Nisonger, Bliss TM 44 Perrin, William RM 60-63 Nolan, Thomas EM 56-58 Perry, Dean TM 60 Nolen, William EM 50-51 Perry, Owen TM 46 Norman, William CS 49 Paterson, Bruce EM 68-69 Northrup, Paul ET 54 Peterson, Carl FC 45 Novy, Abert CS 68-69 Peterson, Dale FT 63-66 Norwicki, Henry CS 69 Peterson, Donald EM 54-56 O'Baker, Charles SN 61 Peterson, John TM 58 O'Grady, John LTjg 50-51 Peterson, Kurt IC 59-61 Obannon, Julias TM 63-65 Petion, Hueuie SN 47-48 Ochs, James EM 55-56 Peterauski, L. J. ET 60 O'Donnell, John FN 46 48 Peyton, Bobbie SN 48 Oetjengerdes, L. SC 46 Piazza, Arturo (Artie) EN 60-62 Ogg, Paul YN 76-68 Pierce, R.G. LTjg 62 Okerblow, Victor QM 49 Piekos, Stanley CT 45 Olive, William EM 48-51 Ping, Gerald EN 67-69 Olsen, Arthur EN 54 Pirmeaux, Henry FA 60 O'Malley, Donald TM 55 Pirog, Rudolph MoMM 46-49 Osier, Joseph MM 59 Pirokowski, Richard ET 61-62 Ouellette, Richard SN 47-48 Pitstick, Richard EM 44-45 Owen, Charles TM 55 Piatz, William MT 63 Palmer, Roy CS 55-56 Poelking, Theodore YN 58-59 Pappas, Constantine SC 44-45 Poff, Donald SA 54-55 Pare, Alfred MoMM 46 Poland, William 65
xxiii Pollard, William SN 65-66 Rhodes, Allen TM 49-52 Polen, Thomas EM 62-65 Rhodes, James TM 52 Polk, Thomas CO 55-57 Rhodes, Robert SM 52 Polonyi, Albin EM 45-46 Richards, Robert EN 60-61 Plourde, Edward FT 53 Richardson, Joseph FN 55-56 Poole, lvory STM 45 Richter, Dave EN 68-69 Poole, Marshall EM 60-61 Richwine, Mark YN 62-63 Porter, Arthur TM 51 Rider, Burton EN 51-53 Porter, John FA 67-68 Riggar, Clyde SOG 63 Porter, William EM 44-46 Riggs, Martin N 58 Poteet Rudolph FT 53 Riley, Marvin EN 51 Powell, Leonard LTjg 59-60 Riley, Roy (Luke) LTjg 61-62 Powers, James SN 55-56 Rindy, John MoMM 46-47 Prentice, James EN 60-61 Ringland, David IC 65-66 Presley, Jimmy EM 60-62 Rinker, Richard FCS 45 Preston Page EN 52 Rispone, Joseph IC 58 Preston, Kevin SN 68-69 Ritz, Robert EM 48-51 Price, Loren MM 44 Roberts, Fritz EN 48-51 Price, Tracey EM 44-46 Robertson, Henry EN 48-50 Prueitt, Darnel SN 65-66 Robins, Edwin QM 45-46 Pruitt, William EM 60 Robinson, William CS 46-47 Puccio, Nicholas RM 68-69 Robson, James EN 51-53 Purkrabek, Paul LTjg 47 Rodgers, John EM 54 Pyburn, David RM 45-46 Rogers, Horace TM 58-59 Quillen, Eugene SC 47 Rogers, Richard RM 47 Rabuse, John EM 47-51 Rogowski, Henry ST 65&68-69 Race, Eugene MM 63-64 Rolaf, Franciscus (Dutch) EN 67-69 Rager, Charles FT 63-65 Romanowski, Stanley ET 61 Ramirez, Daniel SO 61-62 Romeo, John IC 68-69 Randall, Roy ET 50 Rooney, Brian EM 68-69 Rankins, Thomas SN 44 Roscher, Frederick Bkr 45-48 Raposa, Chades FN 69 Rose, Walter XO 53 Rasmussen, Richard TM 45-46 Rosina, Salvatore EM 52-53 Rath, G. L. IC 6O Ross, Jack EN 69 Reagan, John EM 51 Ross, John SN 44-47 Reed, Dwayne SO 62-63 Ross, Lerlie EN 49 Reed, James SA 68 Ross, Olive EM 58 Reese, Claude ET 58-59 Ross, Russell SN 45 Reiche, Larry ET 67-68 Roth, Lawrence FN 58 Reid, David RM 56-60 Roth, Robert EM 65-69 Reinhelmer, Robert TM 51-52 Rounds, Bruce SN 44-46 Renner, Raymond CS 50 Rowe, E. MoMM 47 Renton, Kenneth FA 58 Roy, Edmund HM 62-64 Revert Carl MM 63 Rozel, Leonard EN 61-63 Reynard, Terry FT 61-62 Ruch, Martin LT 58-6O Reynolds, Glen GM 48-50 Rudd, Arnold ET 60-61 Reynolds, Hugh SA 56-58 Rull, Marcele TN 62 Reynolds, Paul SN 69 Rumberger, John Paul Jr. EM 48-50
xxiv Runyon, William RM 44-49 Schwartz, Harold TM 58-59 Rush, Terry EN 68-69 Scorier, Jerry SOS 63-69 Russell, Charles LT 59-61 Scott, James QM 60 Russell, Cleveland YN 49 Seabourne, James EM 67-68 Russell, Robert RM 45 Sears, Phillip TM 58 Rutzen, Frank FN 55-56 Seifert, Walter EN 6O-62 Ryan, Francis SM 63 Seiple, Vernon SO 61-63 Ryerson, Michael IC 68 Sellers, Henry FCS 51 Sabol, Ernest LTjg 56-58 Severson, David EN 60-61 Sabourin, Rodger SN 52-53 Shannon, Robert SA 54 Saeli, John EN 65-66 Sharp, William SN 58 Sampson, Ansel lC 58 Shaw, Garland RM 44 Sander, Harold EM 49-50 Shaw, Robert RM 68-69 Sanders, Richard IC 66-68 Shellenberger, Douglas FT 67-69 Sanfilippo, G. RM 48-49 Sheldon, Bennie EN 56-58 Santino, Roger IC 64-68 Shelso, David LT 59 Sardo, Louis QM 6O-61 Sherman, Harry EN 6O-61 Sargent, David SN 63-65 Shields, Thomas SN 64-65 Sargent, William EM 63-66 Shill, Jack FN 56 Sarran, Edmond IC 58 Shipley, Stephen EN 68-69 Saso, James SK 68 Shook, Edward EM 64-68 Saul, J. W. FT 6O Shupe, Charles RM 66-67 Savory, John EN 58-61 Silkwood, Wayne EM 47-50 Saxton, Reid EM 68-69 Silvis, Robert SC 45-46 Saxton, Ross Lt 68-69 Simmons, C. SA 63 Scallon, Herman FN 54-56 Sireci, Thomas EN 63-65 Scardine, Franklyn EM 63-64 Sitkie, Daniel SM 63-64 Scarino, Anthony TM 58 Skaar, Gordon ET 58 Schafer, Donald CY 44-46 Skeens, Donald QM 68 Schauer, James SN 52 Skiles, Norman RM 55-59 Schealy, Harold EM 49 Skoczylas, Rudolph RM 49 Schenker, Marvin LT 55-57 Slater, Clark QM 49 Schindhelm, Robert ET 62-63 Slater, James EM 58-59 Schindrzen, Robert ET 62 Slcak, Earl MM 44-45 Schipper, Karl FN 58-60 Sloan, William FT 52-53 Schleuning, Leverne EN 53-55 Sly, Walter EM 68-69 Schmersahl, Jacob En 55-56 Slyter, Gilbert EM 49 Schmidt, Henry CS 55-56 Small, Samuel TM 45-46 Schmidt, Henry QM 48-49 Smidutz, Robert TM 45 Schmidt, Theodore TM 63 Smith, C. EN 6O Schnars, Ronald TM 60-62 Smith, Delvin LTjg 55-57 Schoenberger, Herman TM 58-59 Smith, David FN 52-55 Schondorf, Russell MM 68-69 Smith, Edwin EN 46-51 Schorr, Sidney SN 45 Smith, Fred EN 56 Schubert, William EM 53-55 Smith, Frederick CP 44-46 Schumacher, David QM 63 Smith, F.S. PHM 47 Schuyler, John CS 52 Smith, George CS 65-66 Schwartz, Donald TM 54-55 Smith, Harold GM 46-47
xxv Smith, Harold RM 46 Stark, Gary RM 58-59 Smith, Howard EM 47 Starr, Earl SN 51-54 Smith, James EN 58-60 Stea, Peter EN 53 Smith, James RM 61 Steele, Leon EM 69 Smith, James (Cuzz) TM 63-64 Steele, William EM 69 Smith, James CS 64-66 Stegura, Michael TM 48 Smith, John EM 62-63 Stetson, David SN 58-59 Smith, John LTjg 55-57 Stevens, Eugene EM 54-56 Smith, Lloyd SN 54-56 Stevens, James LT 59 Smith, Larry RM 57-61 Stevens, Lyman EN 54-56 Smith, Willard FN 47-48 Stevens, Michael FTG 67-68 Smojice, Ebrue EN 44-51 Stevens, Wes EM 56-59 Smock, Rick HM 67-69 Stevenson, Donald SN 47-48 Smothers, Farlin YN 51-52 Stewart, William QM 68 Sneed, Jimmy EM 68-69 Stickney, Richard (Cuzz) EN 64-66 Snook, John QM 59-61 Stiles, Thomas Ens 5O Snyder, Simon CS 59-6O Still, Stephen EM 49-55 Snyder, Terry TM 67-69 Stokes, John MoMM 45 Sobotka, Stanley EN 65-66 Stokes, Martin EN 54-56 Socha, Frederick STS 64-66 Stom, Boyce MoMM 47-48 Sohl, John RM 46 Stone, Johnnie SO 59-61 Sokolosky, Robert FT 63-65 Stoner, David IC 62-63 Sokoloski, William IC 60-62 Storz, Joseph EM 65 Soulis, James CTM 45-47 Straka, David SA 56-59 Souza, Robert QM 65-66 Strand, Chuck SO 64 Sparks, George EN 52-54 Strickland, James SO 50-59 Speer, Tullas MM 64-65 Strickler, Christopher MT 63 Spellman, Donald ET 61-62 Strunk, David TM 44-45 Spenard, Gregory SN 67-69 Sugden, Tom EN 54 Spence, Nolan ET 54-56 Sullivan, Gerald LT 59-62 Spencer, Charles FCS 45-46 Sullivan, William RM 45-46 Spencer, Mike EM 59 Sumner, Robert (Bob) BT 60-63 Spitzner, Richard TM 45 Sumner, Robert SOG 63 Spivey, Frederick RM 55-56 Suplee, Andrew FA 64-65 Spivey, Jim EN 56-58 Surriga, James RM 58 Spring, Gordon EM 64-65 Suttle, Glenn FN 54 Springfield, Robert CS 50 Sutton, Jack MoMM 45-46 Spooner, Ronald SN 53-55 Swafford, Maridon EM 68-69 Staas, Douglas TM 68-69 Swan, Harold MM 56 Stabell, John FT 68-68 Swartz, Ezra MoMM 46-47 Stafford, Richard XO 61 Sweat, Wesley LTjg 59 Staggs, Yarber EM 67-68 Swensen, Rudolph ET 62 Stahl, Lawrence CO 59-61 Swenson, Carl RM 59-61 Standridge, Jerry EM 63 Symanek, James SA 68-69 Stanley, Arthur TM 67-69 Syme, Melvin TM 44-45 Stanley, Charles EM 63-65 Tabb, Hugh LTjg 61-64 Stanley, Harold RM 58-60 Tackett, William EN 51-55 Stapleford, Frankie (Squeaky) EM 58-59 Taggart, Frank (Tag) FT 56-58
xxvi Tague, Terry FTG 63-64 Tremblay, Albert EN 68-69 Talbert, William (Will) EN 68-70 Trench, Richard EN 52-53 Tanner, Lavern TM 59-60 Trompeter, Joseph CS 50-52 Tassillo, Joseph FA 52 Truelove, Ernest EM 67 Tate, Russell RM 63 Trumble, Glenn ET 54-55 Taylor, Arnett B. XO 53-57 Turnbull, Mark TM 68-69 Taylor, Chet RM 56-57 Tryon, James RM 63 Taylor, David lC 64-65 Tuttobane, Anthony EN 58 Taylor, James YN 62-63 Tulodeski, John LTjg 61-63 Taylor, John RM 67-69 Turbeville, Albert MM 63-65 Taylor, Marion TM 65-66 Turner, John TM 49-50 Taylor, R. EN 60 Tzrinske, Leo SCS 45 Teischlag, Donald TM 67-68 Urban, Ed EN 63-69 Testerman, Gary EM 69 Urueta, Pete QM 49 Theriault, Gerald EM 67-69 Urvin, Edmund EM 58 Thieme, Charlie MM 44-47 Ustick, Theodore Montayne CO 49 Thies, Joe EM 49 Ustria, Pedro SD 67 Thomas, Felix TN 58-6O Uth, Richard EM 49-5O Thomas, Grover SD 60-64 Valdez, Edimenio RM 50-53 Thomas, James Ens 68 Valencia, Mario TN 63-64 Thomas, Keith RT 44-45 Valenti, Mark TM 68-69 Thomas, William EM 45-48 Voloka, Edward FT 53-54 Thompson, Edwin EN 53-55 VanBuskirk, R. EN 62 Thompson, James TM 52-56 Vanderwerker, Warren (Gunner) EM 58-63 Thompson, James RM 49-52 VanMeter, Robert EM 60-62 Thompson, Kenneth ET 58 VanStrander, James CMM 45 Thompson, Max EM 63-64 Varner, Robert EN 68-69 Thompson, Robert GM 45 Vaughan, Steven ET 63 Thompson, Robert MoMM 45-46 Vaught, Malcolm CS 63-65 Thompson, Ron ET 65 Vavra, Frederick TM 60-61 Thompson, Ronald ST 64-65 Velasco, Gregorio TN 54-59 Thompson, Thomas IC 55-56 Viers, Andrew EM 51 Thompson, William Bkr 45 Wagner, Patrick TM 64-66 Thomson, Arlen EM 49 Wagner, Richard EM 58-59 Tibbetts, Larry FT 62 Wahlin, Alan TM 64 Tice, Eugene SN 52 Waldrop, Donald TM 52-53 Tilghman, Walter RM 64-65 Walker, Barnard SN 62-63 Tillery, Leroy EM 49-51 Wall, James LT 53 Tillis, John CS 60-61 Wallace, James EN 60-62 Tirpak, George MM 60-61 Wallin, Peter QM 56-59 Todd, Richard SN 45 Walton John EM 63-65 Toll, J.R. TM 61 Wampler, Everett SN 48-49 Tomczak, Casmir TM 52 Ware, Kenneth ET 50-52 Tomlinson, J.F. EM 60 Ware, Walter STM 47 Tompkins, Edward GM 45-46 Warf, Marvin IC 54 Tooma, Thede QM 47-51 Warlin, Alan TM 63 Torrey, Vernon SN 53-54 Warner, Douglas ET 60-61 Townsend, David ET 69 Warren, James SO 58
xxvii Washburn, Douglas MoMM 45-46 Williams, Billy CTM 45 Watson, Harold GM 51-52 Williams, Dale MM 65-66 Watson, Lloyd FN 45-46 Williams, Fredrick FT 64-66 Watt, Edmond YN 69 Williams, John FN 58-59 Way, Robert IC 59 Williams, Olin RM 58 Weaver, Robert TM 65 Williamson, Rick QM 62 Weddie, Owen TM 45 Willis, Charles FN 61-62, & 66 Weesner, Jack EM 51-53 Wilson, Frederick SN 65 Wehunt, Raymond CS 67-69 Wilson, James CO 64-66 Weigant, Eugene TM 54 Winskas, Andrew ET 61-62 Weinfurter, Arne MM 63-66 Winter, Robert SA 56-58 Weinfurter, Larry MM 62-65 Wisser, Charles EM Weingarton, Nelson FN 52-54 Witt, Edgar EM 58 Weinstein, George MT 62 Wolcott, Gerald RM 67-68 Wells, Raymond EN 46-49 Wood, Arthur TM 58-59 Welker, Robert SO 62-64 Wood, Franklin CS 58 Wengrzyn, Raymond TM 63-65 Wood, Richard EM 65-66 Wentz, Charlie SN 56-58 Woods, C. LTJg 5O Wesner, Ross LTJg 61-65 Woolly, Thomas EM 51-53 West, George EN 58-60 Woolman, Michael SN 67-69 West, Marvin EN 54-56 Wonnell, Stanley EM 54 Westney, Clarence RM 63-64 Worl, Richard FN 66 Weston, James ET 59 Worthington, Robert K. R. XO 44 Wetherington, David EM 59-60 Wylie, John TN 49 Wharton, Richard CS 60-61 Wyse, George EN 48-53 Wheat, Carl EM 46-49 Wysocki, Walter QM 50-51 Wheelus, Roy QM 46-47 Yancy, Roy IC 65-67 Wilson, John ETR 67-68 Yarbrough, Fred TN 48-50 White, Donald RM 62 Yeske, Lanny LTjg 61-63 White, Forest CS 59 Yeager, Robert MoMM 47-48 White, Frank TM 44-45 Yedorno, Fred GM 50 White, Gene EN 68-69 Yonts, Lee EN 50-54 White, R. H. LT 44 Young, Bruce LT 44-46 White, Wayne EN 61-62 Young, Jerome SN 62 Whitmire, Richard EN 63-66 Young, Lester EN 60-62 Wilcox, Gerald ET 46 Young, Robert SA 58-59 Wildey, James HM 61-62 Zaremba, Walter EN 61 Wiles, Jesse RM 61 Zelina, George CT 44-45 Wilhelm, Robert SN 52-53 Zimmerman, Melvin GM 61 Wilkinson, Donald SN 56 Znuj, Theodore MM 44-46 Williams, Alvin RM 51-524
xxviii DEDICATION
TO OUR SEA POACHER SHIPMATES ON FINAL PATROL * * * I HAVE ONE CONSOLATION THAT LIVES WITH ME TODAY, THAT GOD IS NEAR TO THEM, IN HIS OWN SPECIAL WAY.
SO GOD IN ALL YOUR MERCY, KEEP NEAR THYSELF THE SOUL, OF EVERY SUBMARINER, STILL ON HIS FINAL PATROL.
LORD, THESE DEPARTED SHIPMATES, WITH DOLPHINS ON THEIR CHEST, ARE PART OF AN OUTFIT KNOWN AS THE BEST.
MAKE THEM WELCOME AND TAKE THEM BY THE HAND, YOU'LL FIND WITHOUT A DOUBT THEY WERE THE BEST IN ALL THE LAND.
SO HEAVENLY FATHER ADD THEIR NAMES TO THE ROLL OF OUR DEPARTED SHIPMATES STILL ON PATROL.
LET THEM KNOW THAT WE WHO SURVIVE WILL ALWAYS KEEP THEIR MEMORIES ALIVE.
* * *
Edwardo Aban, SD 68-69 – January 2000 Samuel W. Acree, ET 57 – October 2003 Bruce M. Adams, MoMM 44 Horace M. Adams, EN 63-64 – November 1987 Raymond E. Adcock, SN 47 – December 1974 Frank R. Alvis, LCDR 53 – November 1987 John Austin, EN 69 – 1970’s Willie Austin, EM 49-56 Robert P. Ayers, EN 60 – 1978 Don Barnes, EM 44-49 – May 2002 Wayne Barton, TM 47-48 – 1997 Raymond Bassett, FT 64 – July 2000 Irwin Battle, MoMM 45-46 – July 2000 Harold R. Baumgartner, SK 63-64 – April 2006 Ray Bayans, EN 49 – November 1983 Richard Baybutt, FN 44-46 – December 2002 Robert N. Beers, LT 68-69 – 25 September 2007 Robert A. Bergs, XO 1955 – February 2007 Joseph Beuchler, TM 59-61 – September 1975
xxix Edwin Belden, EM 44-46 Reynold A. Binder, MoMM 46-47 – June 1993 Powell Blair, PRITC 45 – April 1992 Charles Blanco, SD 48-49 – June 1994 Salvatore Blangiardi, EN 61 – June 2002 Jesus R. Blas, SD 49-50 – January 2000 LuVern Blankenhagan, EM 59-60 – October 1998 Gerald O. Bludau, MM 61-62 – February 1986 Frederick Boczon, EN 48-50 – May 1993 Joseph Bole, ET 50-51 – 1995 John Bornowski, TM 54-57 – December 1991 Joseph Boscarelli, CS 50 – October 2000 W. D. Boulton, 44 John S. Bour, EM 48-49 – July 1974 Kenneth Boyle, FC 48-49 George Bracey, TN 58-59 – USS THRESHER April 1963 Norris Bradley, SN 44-45 Norman Breeden, TM 49-50 – November 1993 Henry B. Brengleman, EM 49-54 –September 1968 Charles Breyman, HM 55-58 – November 1993 James Bridewell, ET 63-67 – 1993 Jim A. Brink, Ensign 44 – September 2003 James Brixey, EN 60-61 Freeman Buck, SB 44-45 Josefino F. Bugarin, TN 50-54 Everett N. Burbes, IC 51-52 James Burke, EN 44-46 - 1999 George J. Butkis, EN 62-63 – October 2003 Richard Byom, QM 51 – April 1973 Louis Cafone, SN 44-45 – June 1981 B.J. Calvert, FT 55-59, 4 October 2007 Nicholas G. Camera, EM 47 – July 1995 Olie L. Carden, EN 50-57 J.B. Carson, TM 53, 56-59 – April 1999 Clarence Carter, EM 45 – September 2003 Vinton Carver, QM 55-56 – December 1990 Murry Cherry, TM 48-49 – April 1984 Robert Chestnut, EN 59-62 Edwin Chubb, YN 49-51 – July 2006 Howard A. Coffman, HM 50-56 – 2004 Raymond Conahan, SA 49 – 20 October 2001 Paul Conklin, SK 66-68 – August 1998 Harold Cook, TM 46-49, 29 September 2007 Quebert Cormier, EM 69 – March 2000 Arthur Cornish, MoMM 45-48 – 2000 Timothy J. Cotter, Sr., EM, 44-46 – 6 July 2005
xxx Jess Coughlin, RM 54 – December 1997 Richard H. Coupe, XO 61-63 – May 2003 Mack Cowart, ET 52 – 23 August 2006 Raymond J. Cremin, EM 60 – January 2005 Richard Crittenden, EM 58 – January 2004 Enrique Cruz, TN 45-49 – July 2005 Stephen P. Cyganik, FT 45 – February 2002 Jerome A. Davi, XO 60-61 – February 2003 Carl Davis, CO 57-59 Fred Davis, TM 49-53 – February 2000 William H. Davis, MoMM 44-48 Floyd Day Jr., EN 60 – April 2003 Maurice Demers, HM 48-50 – November 1990 Robert DeMonge, TM 55-57 – August, 1996 Kenneth H. Deramus, TM 57-63 – November 1989 Alfred Despang, EM 59-63 John Dittmer, MoMM 47-48 Gary Dorn, ET 55-57 - 27 September 2006 Jere W. Driver, RM 63 – March 1998 Francis Droesch, EN 59 – 1978 William G. Eason, TM 63 – February 2000 Edward J. Englert, GM 45 – November 1962 John H. Epps, LTJG 47 Alois Ertl, EN 60-63 – February 1988 John B. Estes, IC 61-64 – February 2005 Morris E. Ezell Jr., QM 46 – June 2004 Joseph M. Farnsworth, RM 48-49 – June 1985 Dale Fate, CS 54-59 – January 1999 Jess Favors, EM 59-60 – February, 2003 George Fender, EN 52 William J. Fitzgerald, EN 51-52 – November 1996 Ernest W. Flintoff, FA 48-49 – January 1998 Elwood H. Forni, SO 58 – USS THRESHER April 1963 James N. Forrester, EN 50-54 Taylor Fox, TM 46 – November 1999 Charles H. Foy, GM 45-46 – 22 May 1974 Ralph E. French, CS 59-60 – 2 October 2007 Roy Holland Gallemore, LT 44-47 – 14 February 2005 Frank Michael Gambacorta, CO 44 – December 2000 Warden Gaskins, XO 45 Robert C. Gaunt, TM 44 – 1953 John Gerenser, SN 46-49 – 2000 Raymond J. Gillin, ET 58-59 – March 2005 William Gould, EN57-60 – June 2002 John A. Goordman, ET 54-55 – January 1990 Robert M. Gorton, CS 54 – May 1993
xxxi John H. Goss, MM 46-49 – December 2001 Robert Gouge, EN 59-60 – November 1993 Ira Graboff, MM 44-45 – February 2004 Henry Guthrie, EN 63-65 – 2001 Bobbie Joe Hammac, FA 58-62 – May 1995 Otto D. Harrod, MoMM 45-47 – January 1964 John E. Harvey, CS 59-63 – November 2004 Lee Roy Harvey, SN 48-49 – January 2006 Raymond J. Heckroth, QM 49-51 – July 2007 Michael Hehmann, ET 68-69 – 1993 Joe Hemphill, EM 44-45 Pat H. Henard, Dr., TM 45-47 - December 1997 William Henry, LTJG 58-59 Jere W. Hensel, TM 58 James High, LT 57-60 – December 2003 William F. Higley, SO 60-61 – October 2005 Donald E. Holley, TM 63-64 – May 2001 Dale D. Holtzclaw, EN60-61 – June1994 Scott E. Horton Jr., QM 44-47 Ira R. Houston, RM 48-49 Jerry Hucks, LTJG 63-66 – June 2001 William Hurt, MM 44-45 Jack Johns, QM 49-50 – September 2004 Alfred Jonas, EN 57 – February 2003 Douglas S. Jordan, LT 59-61 – February 1992 Matthew H. Jordan, EM 69 Jerry Jorn, IC 51-54 – November 2002 William H. Judy, EM 49 – December 1990 John G. Juricek, QM 63 – March 2000 Donald J. Kamuf, EN 60-61 – June 2006 Zigmond Kanaszka, EM 52-55 –1975 Arthur Keevil, LTJG 47 – August 1993 William F. Kendall, SN 50-52 – September 1981 Joseph Lovid Kentz, MoMM 47 – February 1971 Carlos Killgore, EM 63-65 – February 2003 Edward Kilosky, EM 63 – 1997 Robert A. H. King, LTJG 53-55 – September 2003 Gary G. Kirkpatrick, EN 50-52 George Klarmann, IC 54 – May 2003 Leonard R. Kojm, CO 61-63 – 7 September 2004 Leonard Kroll, TM 52-55 Harry Kumanski, TM 45 – July 1993 Stephen Kurkjian, EN 51 – November 1977 Paul Lacouture, LT 44-45 Thomas L. Lampley, SN 45-46 – March 2005 Clayton LaPlante, EN 56-58 – 2000
xxxii Wallace R. Larson, EN 49-52 –February 2007 Johnny Lazo, SO 61-63– December 2002 Robert Lebel, FN 44-46 Ken LeBlanc, ET 60 – May 2007 Neal Ledford, EN 49-50 – April 1993 Charles F. Leigh, CO 45-46 Andrew Leslie, RM 55 – January 2000 Herman J. LeVaur, MM 61 – September 1994 Burt L. Levin, LT 57-58 – March 2007 Jim Lofland, CS 58-61 – January 2004 John Lorrey, MoMM 47 – May1997 John P. Macuszonok, EN 49-52 Robert Madill, EM 49-50 – January 1998 David B. Maher, CO 53-54 – February 1992 Stanley C. Martell, FT 69 – March 2006 Gerald Matern, YN 46 – March 1998 Nelson “Sam” Mattingly, EM 52-56 – October 2006 Robert Earl Mauldin, RM 48-50 – August 2002 Clemens F. Maue Jr., SN 46-48 – October 2005 James L. McCombs, TM 49-50 – April 2002 Donald R. McManis, SA 48-49 – August 2002 William McNeil, SN 47-48 – December 1999 Alfred W. Miller, SC 47-48 – October 2006 Calvin Miller, LTJG 63-67 – September 2005 Jack Kenneth Miller, RD 51-53 – May 2007 Morgan J. Minchey, TM 61-63 – May 2004 John Minett, YN 45 – June 1989 Frederick Thomas Montgomery, TM 59-60 – March 1997 Frank Murphy, EN 62-65 Charles E. Napier, QM 50-53 – January 2002 Felix Nelson, ET 52-54 William Nelson, EM 52-54 – January 2002 Bobbie E. Newell, GM 44-46 -1970s Edgar Nies, RM 49 – September 2002 Bliss Nisonger, TM 44 – 2000 Lawrence C. Oetjengerdes, SC 46 - March 2004 Arthur John Olsen, EN 54 – June 1964 Constantine Pappas, SC 44-45 John Park, CS 63-65 Nando Passerine, TM 53-54 – July 1980 Robert Guy Pearce, LTJG 62-63 – May 2005 Dallas R. Pendergraph, ET 51-52 – February 1999 Elias Peregrino, SD 45-49 - March 1950 Owen K. Perry, TM 46 – March 1996 Donald W. Peterson, EM 54-57 – August 2003
xxxiii Arturo Piazza, EN 60-62 – April 2006 Stanley T. Piekos, TM 45 - January 1969 Thomas H. Polk, CO 55-57 – April 1996 Marshall H. Poole, EM 60-61 – September 2006 William Porter, EM 44-46 Rudolph Poteet, FT 53 – December 2006 Tracey Price, EM 44-46 Paul Purkrabek, LTJG 47 – November 2003 Raymond H. Renner, CS 50 – March 1995 Allen K. Rhodes, TM 49-52 – February 2004 James A. Rhodes, TM 52 – July 2000 Burton E. Rider, EN 51-53 – March 2003 John W. Rindy, MoMM 46-47 – February 1975 Henry Robertson, EN 48-50 - 1950 William F. Robinson, CS 46-47 – February 2001 Horace Q. Rogers, TM 58-59 – June 1993 James O. Rogers, LT 53-56 – 2003 John Ross, SN 44-47 Bruce Rounds, SN 44-46 Charles Russell, LT 59-61 Frank Rutzen, FN 55-57 – November 1999 Ernest J. Sabol, LTJG 57 – June 2003 Ansel E. Sampson, IC 57-58 – November 1975 Richard Sanders, IC 66-68 Gaetano A. Sanfilippo, RM 48-49 –February 1982 Louis Sardo, QM 60-61 & 64 – April 2004 William G. Sargent, EM 63-64 Laverne V. Schleuning, EN 53-55 – December 1999 Jacob B. Schmershal, EN 55-57 – June 2002 Henry Schmidt, CS 55-57 Herman Schoenberger, TM 57-59 – December 1995 Sid Schorr, SN 45 – March 2003 Harold R. Schwartz, TM 57-59 James W. Scott, QM 60 Phillip Clayton Sears, TM 57-58 – September 1982 Walter Seifert, EN 60-62 Vernon Seiple, SO 61-63 – December 2001 Edwin W. Sharp, EN 67 – July 2002 Harold Otis Shealy, EM 49 – April 2007 Edward E. Shook, EM 64-68 – March 1990 Robert Silvis, SC 45-46 – May 1999 Thomas Sirici, EN 63-67 Norman Skiles, RM 58-59 – October 2003 Rudolph V. Skoczylas, RM 49 – January 1996 Frederick S. Smith, CP 44-46 – 1961
xxxiv James L. Smith, TM 63-64 – November1991 Ebrue G. Smojicie, EN 44-51 George R. Sparks, Jr., EN 52-54 –December 1990 Nolan Spence, ET 54-56 –October 2000 Richard M. Stafford, LCDR/XO 61 – March 1995 Yaber Staggs, EM 67-68 – September 1989 Lawrence Stahl, CO 59-61 – April 2000 Peter Stea, EN 53 – May 2002 Wes Stephens, EM 57-59 –October 2006 William F. Sullivan, Jr., RM 45-47 – January 2007 Ezra Swartz, MoMM 46-47, August 2001 Wesley A. Sweat, LTJG 59 – January 2004 James Symanek, SA 68-69 – May 2002 Melvin Syme, TM 44-45 William N. V. Tackett, EN 51-55 – February 2005 Frank J. Taggert, FT 56-59 Joe Tasillo, FA 52 – March 1993 Arnett B. Taylor, XO 53-57 – October 2002 Charlie Thieme, MM 44-47 – 2003 Felix T. Thomas, TN 58-60 – June 1971 Richard Todd, SN 45 Gordon Townsend, RM 57 – June 1982 Pete Urueta, QM 49 – May 1997 Theodore M. Ustick, CO 49 – May 2000 Warren Vanderwerker, EM 57-63 Robert E. Van Meter Jr., EM 60-62 – August 2000 Peter Wallin, QM 56-59 – March 1991 Charlie Wentz, YN 56-58 – June 1999 Ross Wesner, LTJG 62-65 – August 2006 Richard B. Wharton, CS 60-61 – September 1984 Carl Wheat, ET 46-49 – March 1992 Roy C. Wheelus, QM 46-47 – June 1985 Ellis White, LT 44 – June 2004 Frank P. White, CS 59 - July 2006 Wayne White, EN 61-62 – April 1962 James R. Wildey, HM 61-62 –November 1999 Jesse Wiles, RM 61 – November 1999 R. K. R. Worthington, XO 44 – February 1996 Fred Yarborough, TN 48-50 – 1990 Bruce C. Young, LT 44-46 – March 2006 Lester Young, EN 60-62 – January 2000 George Zalinda, TM 44-45 Walter E. Zaremba, EN 61 –June 1997 Melvin Zimmerman, GM 60 – September 2000 Theodore Znuj, MM 44-46 SEA POACHER SAILORS - REST YOUR OARS!
xxxv
WE ALSO DEDICATE THIS BOOK TO THE FOLLOWING
U.S. SUBMARINES LOST THROUGH ENEMY ACTION
BOAT DATE OF LOSS CASUALTIES
SHARK (SS-174) 11 Feb 1942 58 killed All hands lost Sunk by Japanese Destroyer Yamakaze in Makassar Strait.
PERCH (SS-176) 3 Mar 1942 All 59 taken prisoner, 8 later died as POWs Scuttled after severe damage from Japanese Destroyers Ushio and Sazanami.
GRUNION (SS-216) 31 Jul 1942 70 killed All hands lost Sunk on First War Patrol by gunfire from torpedoed Japanese Transport Kashima Maru.
ARGONAUT (SS-166) 10 Jan 1943 105 killed All hands lost Sunk by Japanese aircraft, Japanese Destroyers Isokaze and Maikaze southeast of New Britain.
AMBERJACK (SS-219) 14 Feb 1943 74 killed All hands lost Sunk on Third War Patrol by combined efforts of Japanese Seaplane, Torpedo Boat Hiyodori, and Submarine Chaser.
GRAMPUS (SS-207) Feb or Mar 1943 71 killed All hands lost Sunk on Sixth War Patrol either by Japanese aircraft or by Destroyer Minegumo.
TRITON (SS-201) 15 Mar 1943 74 killed All hands lost Sunk either by Japanese Destroyer Satsuki or Submarine Chaser 24.
PICKERAL (SS-177) 3 Apr 1943 74 killed All hands lost Sunk on Seventh War Patrol by Minelayer Shirakami and Sub Chaser Bunzan Maru.
GRENADIER (SS-210) 22 Apr 1943 All 76 crew taken prisoner, 4 died as POWs Scuttled during Sixth War Patrol after Japanese seaplane attacks (936 Kokutai).
RUNNER (SS-275) Jun 1943 78 killed All hands lost Sunk on Fourth War Patrol. Unknown. Possibly a mine or combined air/surface attack.
POMPANO (SS-181) Aug or Sep 1943 76 killed All hands lost Sunk on Seventh War Patrol. Unknown. Possibly a mine or combined air/surface attack.
GRAYLING (SS-209) 9 Sep 1943 76 killed All hands lost Unknown. Probably rammed and sunk by Japanese Transport Hokuan Maru.
CISCO (SS-290) 28 Sep 1943 76 killed All hands lost Sunk by Japanese seaplane and Gunboat Karatsu.
xxxvi
S 44 (SS-155) 7 Oct 1943 55 killed 2 survivors taken prisoner Lost to Japanese Escort Destroyer Ishigaki.
DORADO (SS-248) Oct 1943 76 killed All hands lost Unknown. Presumed either accidentally bombed and sunk by friendly Guantanamo-based flying boat or a German mine in the West Indies.
WAHOO (SS-238) 11 Oct 1943 80 killed All hands lost Sunk on Seventh War Patrol by Japanese aircraft, Sub Chaser 15, Sub Chaser 43, and Minesweeper 18.
CORVINA (SS-226) 16 Nov 1943 82 killed All hands lost Torpedoed and sunk on First War Patrol by Japanese SUBMARINE I -176.
CAPELIN (SS-289) Nov 1943 78 killed All hands lost Sunk on First War Patrol. Unknown. Could have been Aircraft, Minelayer Wanatake, a mine, or a hull defect.
SCULPIN (SS-191) 19 Nov 1943 63 men lost, 21 taken prisoner On Ninth War Patrol, she was severely damaged by Destroyer Yamagumo and later scuttled.
SCORPION (SS-278) Jan 1944 76 killed All hands lost Unknown. Probably a Japanese mine in Yellow or East China Sea.
GRAYBACK (SS-208) 27 Feb 1944 80 killed All hands lost Sunk on Tenth War Patrol. Probably due to damage by Japanese aircraft the day before.
TROUT (SS-202) 29 Feb 1944 81 killed All hands lost Most likely sunk by Japanese Destroyer Asashimo in Philippine Sea.
GUDGEON (SS-211) 18 April 1944 78 killed All hands lost Unknown. Presumed sunk by Japanese naval aircraft southwest of Iwo Jima.
HERRING (SS-233) 1 Jun 1944 84 killed All hands lost Sunk by Japanese Army shore battery off Matsuwa Island, Kuriles.
GOLET (SS-361) 14 Jun 1944 82 killed All hands lost Unknown. Probably sunk by Miya Maru, Sub Chaser Bunzan Maru, and Japanese aircraft.
ROBALO (SS-273) 26 Jul 1944 74 men lost, 4 taken prisoner, none survived Sunk by a mine off western Palawan, Philippines.
FLIER (SS-250) 13 Aug 1944 78 lost, 8 survivors Sunk by Japanese mine south of Palawan in Balabac Strait on Second War Patrol.
xxxvii HARDER (SS-257) 24 Aug 1944 79 killed All hands lost Sunk by Japanese Coast Defense Vessel No. 22 on Sixth War Patrol
ESCOLAR (SS-294) 17 Oct 1944 82 killed All hands lost Unknown. Possibly sunk by a Japanese mine in the Yellow Sea.
SHARK (SS-314) 24 Oct 1944 87 killed All hands lost Sunk by Japanese depth charges from Harukaze, South China Sea west of Luzon.
ALBACORE (SS-218) 7 Nov 1944 86 killed All hands lost Unknown. Possible Japanese mine off northern tip of Honshu, Japan.
GROWLER (SS-215) 8 Nov 1944 85 killed All hands lost Unknown. Probably sunk by Japanese Destroyer Shigure, Escort Vessel Chiburi, and Coast Defense Vessel No. 19
SCAMP (SS-277) 11 Nov 1944 83 killed All hands lost Sunk on Eighth War Patrol by Japanese aircraft and coastal defense vessel in Tokyo Bay.
SWORDFISH (SS-193) Jan 1945 89 killed All hands lost Unknown. Possibly sunk by Japanese coastal defense vessel or a mine off Okinawa.
BARBEL (SS-316) 4 Feb 1945 81 killed All hands lost Sunk by Japanese naval aircraft in South China Sea in Palawan Passage.
KETE (SS-369) 20 Mar 1945 87 killed All hands lost Unknown. Presumed sunk by a mine or a Japanese submarine east of Okinawa.
TRIGGER (SS-237) 28 Mar 1945 89 killed All hands lost Sunk by Japanese Vessel Mikura, and Coast Defense Vessels No.33 and 59.
SNOOK (SS-279) 9 Apr 1945 84 killed All hands lost Sunk on Ninth War Patrol by Japanese aircraft, Escort Vessel Okinawa, Coast Defense Vessels No. 8, 32, and 52; and/or Submarine I-56.
LAGARTO (SS-371) 3 May 1945 85 killed All hands lost Sunk by Japanese Minelayer Hatsutaka in Gulf of Siam.
BONEFISH (SS-223) 18 Jun 1945 85 killed All hands lost Sunk on Eighth War Patrol by combined efforts of Destroyer Okinawa, and Coast Defense Vessels No. 63, 75, 158, and 207 off Honshu, Japan.
BULLHEAD (SS-332) 6 Aug 1945 84 killed All hands lost Probably sunk by Japanese aircraft off Bali in the Java Sea.
xxxviii U.S. SUBMARINES LOST BY ACCIDENTS AND SEA PERILS
BOAT DATE OF LOSS CASUALTIES
F 4 (SS-23) 25 Mar 1915 21 died All hands lost Sunk after a battery explosion off Honolulu, Hawaii.
F 1 (SS-20) 16 Dec 1917 19 died Sunk after collision with USS F 3 (SS-22) off San Diego, California.
G 2 (SS-27) 30 Jul 1919 3 died Foundered and sunk in Long Island Sound.
H 1 (SS-28) 12 Mar 1920 4 died Foundered and sunk off Santa Margarita Island, California.
O 5 (SS-66) 20 Oct 1923 3 died Rammed and sunk by United Fruit Steamer Abangarez in Limon Bay, Canal Zone.
S 51 (SS-162) 25 Sep 1925 33 died All hands lost Sunk after collision with Steamer City of Rome off Block Island, Rhode Island.
SQUALUS (SS-192) 23 May 1939 26 died Foundered off Portsmouth, New Hampshire.
O-9 (SS-70) 20 Jun 1941 33 died Foundered during deep submergence tests off New London, Connecticut.
S-36 (SS-141) 20 Jan 1942. No hands lost Ran aground in the Straits of Macassar
S-26 (SS-131) 24 Jan 1942 46 died 3 survivors Sank after collision with her escort USS PC-460 in Gulf of Panama.
S-27 (SS-132) 19 Jun 1942 No hands lost Wrecked on Amchita Island in the Aleutians
S-39 (SS-144) 14 Aug 1942 No hands lost Grounded on Russell Island in the Solomon’s
R-12 (SS-89) 12 Jun 1943 42 died 3 survivors Foundered after battery flooded while off Key West, Florida.
TULLIIBEE (SS-284) 26 Mar 1944 79 died 1 survivor taken prisoner Accidentally sunk by circular run of own torpedo off Palau Islands.
xxxix S-28 (SS-133) 4 Jun 1944 50 died All hands lost Lost during ASW exercises off the Hawaiian Islands.
SEAWOLF (SS-197) 3 Oct 1944 99 died All hands lost plus 17 Army personnel Accidentally sunk by USS MIDWAY (CVE-63) aircraft and USS ROWELL (DE-403) off Morotai.
DARTER (SS-227) 24 Oct 1944 No loss of life Ran aground on Bombay Shoal. Scuttled by NAUTILUS AND DACE.
TANG (SS-306) 24 Oct 1944 78 died, 9 POWs Sunk by circular run of own torpedo in Formosa Strait.
COCHINO (SS-345) 26 Aug 1949 1 died Foundered after a battery explosion during a severe storm off northern Norway.
THRESHER (SSN-593) 10 Apr 1963 129 died All hands lost Sank after a probable piping failure during deep submergence tests off New England.
SCORPION (SSN-589) 27 May 1968 99 died All hands lost Unknown. Most probable a "hot run" torpedo detonation off Azores.
OTHER U.S. SELECTED SUBMARINE ACCIDENTS
BOAT DATE CASUALTIES
GRAMPUS 10 Dec 1910 1 died Main engine fuel explosion.
E2 (SS-25) 15 Jan 1916 4 died Battery explosion while in New York Navy Yard.
G2 (SS-27) 30 Jul 1919 3 died Sank at moorings off New London, Connecticut.
S37 (SS-142) 10 Oct 1923 3 died Battery explosion in the harbor at San Pedro, California.
S49 (SS-160) 20 Apr 1926 4 died Battery explosion at Submarine Base, New London, Connecticut.
S4 (SS-109) 17 Dec 1927 39 died All hands lost Rammed off Provincetown, Massachusetts, by U.S. Coast Guard Cutter Paulding.
S34 (SS-139) 11 Jan 1934 1 died Accidental signal cartridge explosion.
xl
SEADRAGON (SS-194) 10 Dec 1941 1 killed Slightly damaged by a bomb during a Japanese air attack on the Cavite Navy Yard in the Philippines
SEALION (SS-195) 10 Dec 1941 4 killed Severely damaged by bombs during Japanese air attack on Cavite in the Philippines, and later scuttled.
BASS (SS-164) 17 Aug 1942 25 died Fire in after battery room asphyxiated part of the crew.
TUSK (SS-426) 26 Aug 1949 6 died Crew members were washed overboard while rescuing crew of USS COCHINO (SS-345)
SARGO (SSN-583) 14 Jun 1960 1 died There was an oxygen feed line fire and explosion in the After Torpedo Room. The blaze was extinguished by submerging in Pearl Harbor with the Compartment sealed and Stern Torpedo Hatch open.
BONEFISH (SS-582) 24 Apr 1988 3 died Battery fire and explosion while operating off Florida.
BARBEL (SS-580) 1 May 1989 2 drowned Heavy waves washed three sailors overboard while operating offshore Japan. One was rescued.
The submarine losses contained herein were obtained from the California Center for Military History website http://www.submarinehistory.com/SubLost.html which also cites: (1) Cressman, Robert J. The Official Chronology of the U.S. Navy in World War II, Annapolis: Naval Institute Press, 2000. (2) Dictionary of American Naval Fighting Ships, Washington, D.C., US Government Printing Office, 1959-89, Various years and printings I am certain to have missed many other losses, but have tried to find everyone. I am deeply sorry if I omitted anyone. Examining the San Francisco Maritime National Park Association website www.maritime.org/subslost.htm, there are more submarines with one to five losses, through 2007, and I would add the following submariners from these boats:
ARCHERFISH BILLFISH BLACKFISH BUGARA CABRILLA COBIA COD COMTASKGRU 127 CREVALE CROAKER FLYING FISH GUDGEON GUITARRO HAKE HALIBUT MINGO MINNEAPOLIS/ST. PAUL MUSKALLUNGE PARCHE PINTADO POLLACK POMPANO PUFFER R-7 S-17 S-31 S-38 SALMON SAN FRANCISCO SEA FOX SEA ROBIN SEGUNDO SILVERSIDES SKATE SNAPPER SUNFISH TIMBOR TAUTOG TORSK TUNA COMSUBPAC
SAILORS - REST YOUR OARS!
xli
DOLPHINS
Many people are interested in the history and development of Navy traditions. One Navy tradition involves the wearing of Dolphins by qualified submariners. "Earning Dolphins" is a significant event in a Navy submariner's career - one of those special high points that instill tremendous personal pride and a sense of accomplishment. Dolphins are earned through a process of "Qualifying." Individuals must learn the location of equipment, operation of systems, damage control procedures and have a general knowledge of operational characteristics of their boat. Dolphin wearers qualify initially on one boat and must re-qualify on boats to which they are subsequently assigned. Once Dolphins have been earned, they are awarded by the Commanding Officer in a special ceremony. The origin of the U.S. Navy's Submarine Service Insignia dates back to 1923. On 13 June of that year, Captain Ernest J. King, USN, later to become Fleet Admiral and Chief of Naval Operations during World War II, and at that time Commander Submarine Division Three, suggested to the Secretary of the Navy, via the old Bureau of Navigation, that a distinguishing device for qualified submariners be adopted. A Philadelphia firm, which had done work for the Navy previously, was approached with the request that it undertake the design of a suitable badge. Two designs were submitted by the firm and these were combined into a single design. It was the design in use today. A bow view of a submarine, proceeding on the surface, with bow planes rigged for diving, flanked by Dolphins in horizontal positions with their heads resting on the upper edge of the bow planes. The Officer's Insignia was and is a gold plated metal pin, worn centered above the left breast pocket and above the ribbons or medals. Enlisted men wore the insignia embroidered in silk, in white on blue for blue clothing and in blue on white for white clothing. This was sewn on the outside of the right sleeve, midway between the wrist and elbow. The device was two and three-quarters inches long. In mid 1947 the embroidered device shifted from the sleeve of the enlisted men's jumper to above the left breast pocket. Subsequently, silver metal Dolphins were approved for enlisted men. In more recent time, Dolphins for specialist officers in the submarine force have been developed. These include the Engineering Duty Officer Dolphins, Medical Officer Dolphins, and Supply Corps Dolphins. Regardless of the color of the pin or the insignia at the center, Dolphins are worn with pride by members of the Submarine Force.
Commander Submarine Force, U.S. Pacific Fleet Specific Admiral and Date Unknown
xlii WHY THIS BOOK?
I had been out of touch with SEA POACHER for 43 years. I mean no communications whatsoever. In 2005, Hurricane Katrina took care of our homes in Louisiana and Mississippi. Fiancée Fran, who worked in New Orleans, had a job offer at BWX Technologies in Lynchburg, Virginia. So, we moved there, got married, and received a Navy newsletter in December. For the first time in 43 years, I saw a number advertising a May 2006 SEA POACHER Reunion in Virginia. I called it and was inundated with emails and letters from long lost shipmates. We went to the Reunion, and it was fantastic. LT Ralph Cobb, the last Officer Plank Owner, even gave a talk about the SEA POACHER patrols in World War II. And there were a ton of other stories from other shipmates. I was amazed, but didn’t think much more about it at the time. We returned home. I had written two books in 2006. I then decided to write a book about my own submarine experiences, but it was slow to develop and boring. Then I started remembering the SEA POACHER stories I had heard at the Reunion, and nothing had been recorded. There were classic things that needed to be preserved. I suggested to the Association that we do a book on it, before all of us were gone, and provide something we could pass down to our descendants. They endorsed the idea. So on 3 January 2007 I started soliciting input for the book with at least 80 contributions and 400 pages needed for publication. All of the contributors would be authors. I set a goal of 40 contributors by April and we had 48. We were well on the way. And then we only had SEA POACHER’S War Patrol Report #4. The first three were missing. I suggested that without those reports, this book would be incomplete and should not be published. The Association took over, and now all four War Patrol Reports are included. A note on text editing. I did my best to make any major corrections where needed, but I tried not to change any of the wording except where asterisks were needed. In some cases, I thought the original submission needed to remain with no changes made at all. So there will be some grammatical and typo errors here, but I think that is just fine. At least it is a good excuse for your Editor. It was a joy to work with you on this. Regards the photo editing. I selected 235 photos from shipmates, website, newsletter, and internet for inclusion. Jack Merrill, the Photographic Editor, and with more experience in this than I, graciously drove from Florida to Virginia to do the layout. We spent six days in October 2007 working on it. We encountered two unforeseen problems. Most photos sent to us on the internet were of insufficient resolution for book printing. Secondly, many of the 1944-56 photos were printed at only two inches square, and details could not be seen. So about 80 or so photographs could not be used. We found some replacements, but it was difficult and the time was short. So those of you who provided some of those photos are not going to find them. Sorry! For me, this brings back fantastic memories and times of an era long past. And who were we? Well, mostly just a bunch of young lads with a wide variety of backgrounds and talents. But those capabilities, ingrained in a crew of only 80, covered every need required on a submarine, or any independent organization. We had all the talent needed to run a large city. And we were also volunteers who thought what we were doing was important, and we wanted to be there. It was a dangerous profession, but it was a job that had to be done. And as diversified as our jobs were, they all focused on the defense and security of our Nation, be it WWII or the Cold War. And eventually we grew up and sometimes wondered why in God’s name we were doing this. There was a lot of hard work and a lot of fun. On reporting aboard I was first told to “Work hard,” but that was followed by “Play Harder.” And the results of our actions answered any
xliii doubts and gave us satisfaction. We defended our Country. Along the way, we learned the meaning of the words camaraderie, discipline, responsibility, teamwork, reliance, courage, brotherhood, cooperation, sacrifice, and initiative. The crew I had the privilege to serve with were not just good; they were the best. For most of us in our lifetime, we would never again, outside of submarines, have to totally depend on everyone else doing his job to the utmost of his ability or we might not return. And this would not just be once, but every time we went to sea. I also need to say some words about the SEA POACHER Association. In January 2003, Electrician’s Mate William Brinkman and Torpedoman Jack Merrill began a search on the Internet for former sailors. Each time they found one, the asked him for information on others. Several volunteered to help. So in 2003, 35 former SEA POACHER sailors and 25 wives/guests met for the first Reunion in Mobile. I was only 90 miles away in Mississippi, but did not know of it. The recruiting went on. In October 2004, the second Reunion was held in Charleston, with 70 shipmates and 70 wives/guests in attendance. I still did not know of it. And then in May 2006, the third Reunion was held in Virginia Beach with 68 shipmates and 62 wives/guests. The fourth Reunion is scheduled for May 2008 in Jacksonville, where a large turn out is also expected. The Association Roster as of Mid-2007 now includes 162 life time members and another 75 on an annual basis. William Brinkman is President, Jack Merrill is Vice President, Ken LeBlanc was Treasurer, and Jon Nagle is Secretary. William Luttrell was the first Secretary. They have served in that capacity since the Association and its Bylaws were formed in 2003. With a beginning balance of zero dollars in the 2003 treasury, the Association currently has very substantial funds thanks to the generosity of its members and the aggressiveness of its Officers. That total is also after reunion expenses and significant humanitarian relief donations to several members who suffered devastating losses due to Hurricanes Katrina and Wilma. Five of our shipmates had checks delivered to them by Treasurer Ken. There is also a Memorial Fund. When a shipmate passes on, the widow or family members are visited by a shipmate, and plaques are presented to the next of kin. Unfortunately and with much sadness, Treasurer Ken LeBlanc “Rested His Oars” in May 2007, and he will be missed. In the interim, President Bill Brinkman has performed as Acting Treasurer, and done a magnificent job wearing two hats. The Association has a website and the Webmaster is Secretary Jon Nagle. Here you will find every crew member of our boat. This includes all 1,744 sailors over our 25 year time span. And there are some stories, photographs, and links to other sites. Jon has done a wonderful job with this. This book could not have been written without the website that Jon maintains. And then Vice President Jack Merrill has taken upon himself to do a quarterly newsletter for the Association. These 10 to 12 page publications are full of stories, reunion information, and up to date information on our boat. He actually runs all the copies to be sent out from his home computer. The newsletters are mailed out to all Association members, and copies are also on the website. The special July 2007 Newsletter was forwarded to over 575 former shipmates. Jack has been a wonderful contributor in the creation of this book Finally President Bill Brinkman also runs the SEA POACHER Ship's Store. Items for sale range from afghans, patches, ball caps, mugs and tankards, shirts, pins, and VCR tapes of the reunions and war patrols. Bill has also been incredible in his support and additions for this book. He has published other books on his own, and his advice and input have been superb. These individuals are to be congratulated, and given every accolade possible, for all they have done on behalf of our beloved boat and Crew. Without them, there would be no SEA POACHER Association or this writing.
xliv HISTORY OF THE BALAO (SS-285) CLASS SUBMARINE
SEA POACHER was of this Class. The surface displacement was 1870 tons and 2391 tons submerged. They had a length of 311 feet 7 inches, beam 27 feet 3 inches, and draft of 16 feet 10 inches. The surface speed was 20.25 knots, 8.75 knots submerged, and a test depth of over 400 feet. The boats were normally crewed by 8 officers and 72 enlisted. The BALAO Class introduced new concepts to the submarine force over the prior GATO Class. The most important was a thicker pressure hull using 7/8 inch high tensile steel plating rather than the 5/8 inch in GATO. This resulted in a deeper operating depth. Her fuel capacity was increased to 116,000 gallons which improved the patrol radius. Other improvements included radar and sonar for target detection, a Torpedo Data Computer for determining and setting torpedo firing angles, new Mark 18 electric torpedoes to replace the Mark 14 steam torpedoes, and a bathythermograph for detecting cold water layers, or thermoclines, under which the submarine could avoid enemy sonar pings and make it difficult to detect. These advances gave the BALAO Class more reliability and survivability that had never been experienced to that time by any nation. There were eight waterproof compartments plus the Conning Tower above the Control Room. Inside were four Fairbanks-Morse diesel engines, diesel-electric reduction gear, one auxiliary generator, and four electric motors generating 2,740 horsepower when submerged that were driven by two huge 126-cell batteries. Submerged endurance was 48 hours at 2 knots. Cruising range was 11,000 miles on the surface at 10 knots. Patrol duration was 75 days. Six extensive sources of information on this submarine including diving, surfacing, torpedo firing, schematics, diesels, electrical, refrigeration, air conditioning, distilling, air, periscopes, trim, drain, sonar, hydraulics, and glossary of common submarine terms are at the websites of the Historical Naval Ships Association, the U.S. Fleet Submarine Association, the United States Submarine Veterans Inc, the SEA POACHER Association, the Russian Submarine Museum, and Answer.Com (see References). Prior to WWII, submarines were mainly used for isolated strikes, intelligence gathering, reconnaissance, and clandestine operations. With WWII, the mission now also included all out war against Germany and Japan, and it was an achievement of devastation and destruction that was unmatched by any other service. Designed with food, fuel, and weapons for long-range independent operations, the BALAO Class took the fight to the enemy, not only in coastal waters but in the open ocean. This principle of strike warfare and forward location remains today. The submarine first had an APR Non-Directional Radar Detector, which led to a basic SD Aircraft Search Radar. It operated from the Conning Tower but was only vaguely directional. It could warn of a plane within about 6 miles of the boat, but could not pinpoint a bearing, or give much other information. The main advantage it offered was a warning of aircraft in the area, and gave the sub time to dive and elude. But it was still short range with 6 miles covered in a minute or two by most aircraft. So it was not much use for surface searches. Late in the war, the SD was replaced by the SV radar, a rotating directional antenna, and could give target range and bearing. There was also an SJ Surface Search Radar. It was directional and could be used to sweep the surrounding area for targets. The primary limitation on range was the height of the retractable mast since radar was limited to line-of-sight. In the Pacific, the U.S. enjoyed a huge advantage over the Japanese which mostly lacked radar. Late in the war, miniaturization had progressed to the point where it was possible to install a small radar antenna (ST) in the search periscope. This was used for obtaining a range on a target. The sonar could also do this, but that required transmitting an audible signal which could
xlv be heard by the target, warning them of a submarine presence. Most Japanese vessels were unable to detect radar until it was too late to evade. The availability of these radars accounted for much of the effectiveness of the American fleet submarines in World War II. By giving warning of aircraft, radar allowed the boats to operate on the surface even in daylight, keeping the batteries charged, and greatly extending the distance that could be covered in a day. Even the SD radar could detect a plane beyond the visual range of the sharpest-eyed lookout. And it could see through haze and fog, or on a moonless night, when a lookout might have trouble seeing the foredeck. Regards sonar, the American JP submarine hydrophone was simple and highly-effective. Essentially, a long iron bar with a coil of wire wrapped around it, the back was covered with a sound attenuating material, so that it was relatively insensitive to rear sounds. This was mounted on a shaft, with a hand wheel in the FTR that the operator used for training the head. The JP Head was mounted on the upper deck of American fleet submarines. In this position it could pick up the sounds of surface vessels easily, without interfering sounds from within the submarine's own hull. Anti-submarine vessels, of course, mounted their hydrophones below the waterline. When the submarine was surfaced, the JP gear was secured. One device used to aid the operator in zeroing in on the target bearing was the "magic eye" on his amplifier panel. This was actually a special vacuum tube, with the top sticking out through an opening in the panel. A phosphor coating created a pie-shaped image on the top of the tube. While hydrophones alone could give a bearing on the target, they were limited in their capabilities. Range had to be estimated based on things like sound volume, which called for skill and experience on the part of the operator. Target speed was more easily determined, since the operator could count the revolutions of the target’s propellers. As long as adequate intelligence was available on the type of target, a fairly accurate determination of its speed was possible. SEA POACHER during World War II would fire three different types of torpedoes during its War Patrols. All were 21 inch in diameter and about 20.5 feet in length. The Mark 14 – 3A Steam torpedo was the submarine standard during World War II. It was designed in 1930 and carried 643 pounds of torpex as its explosive charge. There were two settings for range and speed which were 4,500 yards at 46 knots or 9,000 yards at 31 knots. The latter was rarely used. Because it was steam operated its track could be seen as it approached. Modified versions of it remained in service until the 1970s. The Mark 18-1 Electric – Battery torpedo was designed in 1943 and went into service in 1944. It carried 575 pounds of torpex. The range was 4,000 yards at a speed of 29 knots. It had the advantage of being trackless. However, it had poor performance and design flaws. It was discarded around 1950 in favor of the Mark 14 and Mark 16 torpedoes. Then there was the Mark 23. It was identical to the Mark 14 – 3A except that the 31 knot speed setting was removed. It was only in service from 1943 to 1946. Regards guns, the 5 inch/25 was the first deck gun designed specifically for submarines, and proved the most effective because of this. The 5 inch refers to the diameter of the bore. The 25 is the length of the barrel in calibers. So 5 inch/25 means a rifled cannon firing a 5 inch diameter shell with a 125 inch (10 foot 5 inch) length barrel. The short barrel improved accuracy on a submarine's rolling deck, and the 5 inch round was powerful enough to cause serious damage to a target. In addition, because the gun was designed for submarine use, it was built from rust-resistant steel, and with pressure-tight fittings to reduce maintenance. The traditional pedestal mount was eliminated, with a dual-purpose mount employed, which was both quicker in training, and could elevate the barrel to 45 degrees, making it potentially much more effective in
xlvi an anti-aircraft (AA) role. (It was not, however, used in AA and no suitable ammunition was ever issued.). The Navy's largest machine gun was the BOFARS 40mm Mk3, an automatic, rapid firing AA gun, capable of delivering 160 rounds per minute at a range of 2,800 yards; although it’s most effective range depended upon the actual type of ammunition used. The single 40mm was air cooled and manually loaded, aimed and fired. It was added to the submarine arsenal when commanders complained that they needed something to fill the gap between the 20 mm and the deck gun for close-in attacks on vessels. The submarine version had seats for the aimer and trainer, who could elevate, depress, traverse, and aim the gun with hand controls. Stops were provided to prevent transversing or depressing the gun to where it could hit the boat. It was rarely used for AA but for attacks on supply junks and other light craft not considered adequate targets for torpedoes or the main gun. Later in the war, a 40 mm was usually installed on the cigarette deck at the after end of the Conning Tower, where it replaced the original 20 mm. The 20 mm, a manually operated AA weapon, was mounted on a pedestal and could be trained through 360 degrees, and elevated from minus 5 to plus 87 degrees. Aboard a submarine, the 20mm was located on one or both of the gun platforms fore or aft of the periscope shears. Considered a close range, high angle weapon, it was a recoiling, air cooled automatic AA gun which fired an explosive shell, including the "tracer" which glowed as it traveled towards its target and indicated the direction of fire. Manned by a three or four man crew it was capable of firing 450 rounds per minute. At 36 degrees of elevation it had a maximum range of 5,500 yards There were also machine guns around the Bridge with the “heavier the better” preferred. Preferred was the 50 caliber Browning, firing a projectile ½ inch in diameter. Also commonly used was a belt fed 30 caliber Browning medium machine gun which fired the same 30-06 round as the standard service rifle, and was considered an anti-personnel weapon. Finally there was also a small arms locker where “personal” weapons were stowed. Officers had a Colt 45 caliber semi-automatic pistol. There were also several Thompson submachine guns which fired the same .45 caliber round as the pistols. All of the small arms were kept under lock and key, and not within easy reach. However when needed, there would almost always be time to issue them. Over 250 BALAO Class boasts were to be built in World War II; however, many were reordered to a new TENCH (SS-417) Class. Accordingly, only 111 were actually completed, but this still made the BALAO the largest class of submarines ever built. Between 1946 and 1960, many of the BALAO Class went thru GUPPY (Greater Underwater Propulsion Power Program) Conversion. This included a more streamlined hull, greater battery capacity, improved sonar, and a snorkel. Whether it was a Northern Run or local operations in heavy seas, snorkeling always came into play. Keeping control was always difficult and sometimes impossible. The snorkel induction pipe, topped by the head valve, had to be kept out of the water. If it ducked below the surface, or a wave hit it, the electrodes would automatically slam it shut. The diesels would keep running for a while removing air from the boat's internal atmosphere. Depending upon the number of engines running, it would take from 10 to 30 seconds for a six inch vacuum (equivalent to an altitude of 6,000 feet) to automatically shut down the engines. More often than not, the valve would shut for a few seconds then reopen as the valve again cleared the surface. The atmospheric pressure would again return to normal for a few seconds, and then the head valve would shut as another wave went by. This cycle would occur over and over for hours and sometimes days. Trying to sleep was always a challenge. Without the conversion from the fleet boats of World War II to the GUPPYS of the Cold War era, the operations that the GUPPYS were responsible for would not have been possible.
xlvii These submarines and their crews "Held the Line and Stood their Ground" during the Cold War until the nuclear attack and fleet ballistic missile boats took over their responsibilities and continued the high tradition of the submarine force. The majority of the information about the operations of the GUPPYS during the Cold War remains classified to this day. Most of those proud boats would end their lives under foreign flags or be cut for scrap. The last active duty boat, TIRU (SS-416), was decommissioned in July 1975. SEA POACHER’S disposition will come later. Only eight BALAO Class Submarines still exist and have become museums. The Historic Naval Ships Association indicates these are:
USS LING (SS-228) Hackensack, New Jersey USS BATFISH (SS-310) Muskogee, Oklahoma USS RAZORBACK (SS-394) North Little Rock, Arkansas USS PAMPANITO (SS-383) San Francisco, California USS BOWFIN (SS-287) Honolulu, Hawaii USS LIONFISH (SS-298) Fall River, Massachusetts USS BECUNA (SS-319) Philadelphia, Pennsylvania USS CLAMAGORE (SS-343) Mount Pleasant, South Carolina
FINAL INSPECTION
The Sailor stood and faced God, Which must always come to pass He hoped his shoes were shining, Just as brightly as his brass. "Step forward now, you Sailor, How shall I deal with you? Have you always turned the other cheek? To My Church have you been true?"
The Sailor squared his shoulders and said, "No, Lord, I guess I ain't Because those of us who sail the seas, Can't always be a saint. I've had to work most Sundays, And at times my talk was tough, And sometimes I've been violent, Because the world is awfully rough.
But, I never took a penny, That wasn't mine to keep... Though I worked a lot of overtime, When the bills got just too steep, And I never passed a cry for help, Though at times I shook with fear, And sometimes, God forgive me, I've wept unmanly tears.
I know I don't deserve a place, Among the people here, They never wanted me around, Except to calm their fears. If you've a place for me here, Lord, it needn't be so grand, I never expected or had too much, But if you don't, I'll understand."
There was a silence all around the throne, Where the saints had often trod As the Sailor waited quietly, For the judgment of his God, "Step forward now, you Sailor, You've borne your burdens well, Walk peacefully on Heaven's streets, You've done your time in Hell."
Author Unknown
xlviii
HISTORY OF THE SEA POACHER
A SEA POACHER is considered a Snake-like Fish. It is technically an Alligator fish (Aspidophoroides Monopteryguis), but is also called SEAPOACHER. It has an average size of 6 inches and the largest ever found is unknown. A deep water fish, usually found in northern waters, it is considered out of its environment when taken in southern fishing grounds. Other Snake-like Fish who lend their names to submarines are the CUTLASS, SILVERFISH, BLENNY, GRENADIER, and TRUMPETFISH. Our SEA POACHER’S keel was laid at Portsmouth Naval Shipyard in Kittery, Maine on 23 February 1944. She was subsequently launched on 20 May 1944 and was sponsored by Mrs. John H. Spiller, wife of the Superintendent of the Naval Shipyard. She was commissioned on 31 July 1944. The time from keeling to commissioning was so short it set a record for Portsmouth Naval Shipyard. Historians cite that Portsmouth built boats were favored by wartime commanders for their up-to-date equipment. However, due to their rapid construction, they were also considered less finished and less neatly arranged than boats built in other yards of the period. SEA POACHER’S armament included six 21 inch torpedo tubes forward, four 21 inch torpedo tubes aft, and 24 torpedoes total, as well as a host of guns in 1944 and 1945. These included forward a 5 inch/25 deck gun, a 40 mm machine gun, a 50 caliber heavy machine gun, and a 30 caliber medium machine gun; aft it was one more each of 40 mm, 20 mm, 50 caliber, and 30 caliber machine guns. There was also a small arms locker loaded with 45 caliber pistols and machine guns. War Patrol #4 Report also indicates that a second 5 inch gun was installed aft. This is in keeping with some of the shipmate stories during that time. Following underway trials, training and shakedown in the Portsmouth, New Hampshire and New London, Connecticut areas, SEA POACHER transited the Panama Canal and arrived at Pearl Harbor on 25 October 1944. Although her first two war patrols were unproductive, during the third, conducted in the Kurile Islands area, she torpedoed and sank a Japanese trawler and, four days later, sent two fishing boats to the bottom in a surface attack. During the latter action, three crewmen were injured when the 20mm gun exploded. Due to the seriousness of their injuries, the patrol was terminated ahead of schedule, and she returned to Midway. On her fourth war patrol, SEA POACHER sank a Japanese naval combatant and seven other vessels, either by torpedo or deck gun attacks. She also destroyed two shore based radio stations and 20 mines. After concluding this patrol off the eastern coast of Honshu and Hokkaido, she was undergoing refitting at Pearl Harbor when the war ended on 15 August 1945. SEA POACHER received two battle stars for her service during the War. She returned to New London on 30 September 1945, and was there until December 1945, when she proceeded to Portsmouth, New Hampshire for a complete overhaul. From 1946 to 1949, SEA POACHER was based at Balboa, Canal Zone, as a unit of Submarine Squadron 6 engaging in fleet exercises and antisubmarine training. In June 1947 she returned to Portsmouth for another overhaul, with an additional overhaul completed in July 1949. On 3 August 1949 she was transferred to Key West, Florida as a unit of Submarine Squadron 4. In February 1951, SEA POACHER was the submarine platform for filming of the movie THE FROGMEN with Richard Widmark, Dana Andrews, Gary Merrill, Jeffrey Hunter, and Robert Wagner, which was released in 1952. Several of our crew participated in the filming.
xlix In March 1951, she became the first Guppy IA conversion performed at the Charleston Naval Shipyard. This conversion included the addition of a “snorkel” and also changed her original fleet type profile to smoother lines. For the remainder of her 25-year career, SEA POACHER operated for the most part in the Key West, and Caribbean areas, providing services to various units of the Atlantic Fleet with time out for tours of duty with the Sixth Fleet in the Mediterranean and various exercises with NATO forces in many areas of operations. On 10 July 1952, while operating in the Key West area, she had the unique experience of rescuing a blimp which had suffered an engine casualty and was floating helplessly in the water. SEA POACHER promptly came to the aid of the stricken airship, and proceeded to tow it 40 miles back to its base at the Naval Air Station in Boca Chica, Florida. Life Magazine had a feature article on this on 25 August 1952. In 1960 SEA POACHER was fired upon by a Cuban gunboat for supposedly being in Cuban territorial waters. This international incident made the New York Times in six mid-May 1960 articles, TIME Magazine on 23 May 1960, and other newspapers and media across the Nation. She also participated in the Cuban Blockade and Quarantine during the 1962 Missile Crisis. The Secretary of the Navy awarded the Armed Forces Expeditionary Medal to 223 ships and 42 combined units for this Action. SEA POACHER was the only submarine to receive this award. SEA POACHER was involved in dozens of other exercises and incidents during her 25 years in the U.S. Navy. They may not all have a TIME, LIFE, or ALL HANDS Magazine credit attached; NEW YORK TIMES article; or anything else from the Chief of Naval Operations or Secretary of the Navy; but they were equally important, and most are contained in this writing. Although some of the others should have been front page news. Like SEA POACHER’S 1954 interdiction and the stopping of dozens of ships during a CIA covert operation/communist threat in Guatemala. Or her involvement in the January 1966 H-Bomb incident offshore Palomares, Spain. In July 1969, SEA POACHER concluded her service with a three and one-half month deployment to the eastern and northern Atlantic areas to participate in antisubmarine training exercises with units of the Spanish and Portuguese navies. Upon returning to Key West, she operated locally in the Caribbean until 20 October 1969 when she set sail for Philadelphia and inactivation. SEA POACHER was reclassified as an auxiliary submarine on 1 November, then decommissioned on 15 November 1969, and was assigned to the Atlantic Reserve Fleet at Philadelphia. On 30 June 1971, she reassumed the designation of a fleet submarine. On 15 August 1973, her name was struck from the Navy List, and she was sold to Peru on 1 July 1974 under terms of the Security Assistance Program. She was commissioned initially as BAP PABELLON DE PICA (S-49), but her name was changed a few weeks later to BAP LA PEDRERA (S-49). Her subsequent history included a fully armed wartime patrol documented in 1981 during the Peru-Ecuador Conflict and potentially others later on. She was taken out of service in 1995, and relegated to pier side training for cadets at the Callao naval base. When you consider that most of our Fleet Ballistic Missile submarines and nuclear attack submarines were scrapped after only 25 years in service, for SEA POACHER to be still serving at the age of 52 is an incredible milestone that few ships in the U.S. Navy have ever matched. These and other events are detailed in the remainder of this book.
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