Resettlement Action Plan (Rap) For

FEDERAL DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF ETHIOPIA ETHIOPIAN ROADS AUTHORITY

NEKEMTE-BURE ROAD UPGRADING PROJECT, UNDER AN OUTPUT AND

Public Disclosure Authorized PERFORMANCE BASED ROAD CONTRACT (OPRC) [DESIGN-BUILD-MAINTAIN] RESETTLEMENT ACTION PLAN (RAP) FOR

Lot 1: Nekemte-Andhode (86 km)

Milestone 1

Public Disclosure Authorized

April ,2019

Acronyms

AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome ERA Ethiopian Roads Authority ESIA Environmental and Social Impact Assessment ESMP Environmental and Social Management Plan ESMT Environmental and Social Management Team FDRE Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia GoE Government of Ethiopia GRC Grievance Redress Committee GTP Growth and Transformation Plan HIV Human Immune Deficiency Virus ITN Insecticide Treated Nets KAP Knowledge, Attitude and Practice NAP– GE National Plan of Action for Gender Equality NGOs Non – Governmental Organizations OHS Occupational Health and Safety OP Operational Policy PAP Project Affected Person PICT Provider Initiated Counseling and Testing PLWHAs People Living with HIV/AIDS RAP Resettlement Action Plan RIC Resettlement /Implementation Committee RoW Right – of – Way RPF Resettlement Policy Framework RSDP Road Sector Development Program STDs Sexually Transmitted Diseases TMP Traffic Management Plan VCT Voluntary Counseling and Testing WB World Bank

ii Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) Report for Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project Lot 1: Nekemte- Andode ( Km 86 )

Definition of Terms:- Census - A census is the procedure of systematically acquiring and recording information about project- affected people Compensation—Payment in cash or in kind for an asset or a resource that is acquired or affected by a project at the time the asset needs to be replaced. Cut-off date—Date of completion of the census and assets inventory of persons affected by the project. Persons occupying the project area after the cutoff date are not eligible for compensation and/or resettlement assistance. Similarly, fixed assets (such as built structures, crops, fruit trees, and woodlots) established after the date of completion of the assets inventory, or an alternative mutually agreed on date, will not be compensated. Disturbance compensation --- A disturbance payment is compensation PAPs can claim if they are forced to move from their home because of the project. Disturbance payments are intended to cover the expenses of moving. Economic displacement—Loss of income streams or means of livelihood resulting from land acquisition or obstructed access to resources (land, water, or forest) resulting from the construction or operation of a project or its associated facilities. Eligibility criteria-- Refers to a range of measures, such as compensation, income restoration support, transfer assistance, livelihood substitution, relocation support, etc., which are provided to affected households depending on the type and severity of their losses to restore their economic and social base. Involuntary resettlement—Resettlement is involuntary when it occurs without the informed consent of the displaced persons or if they give their consent without having the power to refuse resettlement. Land expropriation—Process whereby a public authority, usually in return for compensation, requires a person, household, or community to relinquish rights to land that it occupies or otherwise uses Project-affected household—All members of a household, whether related or not, operating as a single economic unit, who are affected by a project. Project-affected person—Any person who, as a result of the implementation of a project, loses the right to own, use, or otherwise benefit from a built structure, land (residential, agricultural, or pasture), annual or perennial crops and trees, or any other fixed or moveable asset, either in full or in part, permanently or temporarily. Physical displacement—Loss of shelter and assets resulting from the acquisition of land associated with a project that requires the affected person(s) to move to another location. iii

Replacement cost—The rate of compensation for lost assets must be calculated at full replacement cost, that is, the market value of the assets plus transaction costs. With regard to land and structures, IFC defines “replacement costs” as follows: ■ agricultural land—the market value of land of equal productive use or potential located in the vicinity of the affected land, plus the cost of preparation to levels similar to or better than those of the affected land, plus the cost of any registration and transfer taxes; ■ land in urban areas—the market value of land of equal size and use, with similar or improved public infrastructure facilities and services preferably located in the vicinity of the affected land, plus the cost of any registration and transfer taxes; ■ household and public structures—the cost of purchasing or building a new structure, with an area and quality similar to or better than those of the affected structure, or of repairing a partially affected structure, including labor and contractors’ fees and any registration and transfer taxes. In determining the replacement cost, depreciation of the asset and the value of salvage materials are not considered, nor is the value of benefits to be derived from the project deducted from the valuation of an affected asset. Resettlement Action Plan (RAP)—The document in which a project sponsor or other responsible entity specifies the procedures that it will follow and the actions that it will take to mitigate adverse effects, compensate losses, and provide development benefits to persons and communities affected by an investment project. Resettlement assistance—Support provided to people who are physically displaced by a project. Assistance may include transportation, food, shelter, and social services that are provided to affected people during their relocation. Assistance may also include cash allowances that compensate affected people for the inconvenience associated with resettlement and defray the expenses of a transition to a new locale, such as moving expenses and lost work days. Squatters - Groups of people or individuals without legal titles to the land and structures occupied/used by them. The term ‘squatters’ is typically used for those occupying structures for residential/commercial purposes, while ‘encroachers’ are those occupying land for agriculture. Stakeholders—Any and all individuals, groups, organizations, and institutions interested in and potentially affected by a project or having the ability to influence a project. Vulnerable groups—People who by virtue of gender, ethnicity, age, physical or mental disability, economic disadvantage, or social status may be more adversely affected by resettlement than others and who may be limited in their ability to claim or take advantage of resettlement assistance and related development benefits. iv Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) Report for Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project Lot 1: Nekemte- Andode ( Km 86 )

Contents Definition of Terms:- ...... iii 0 Executive Summary ...... xi 0.1 Description of the Road Project ...... xi 0.2 This RAP Document ...... xi 0.3 Objective of the RAP ...... xi 0.4 Methodology ...... xii 0.5 Summarized Project Activities and Project Impacts ...... xii 0.6 Public and Stakeholders Consultations ...... xiii 0.7 Livelihood Restoration Plan ...... xiv 0.8 Institutions for Implementing the RAP ...... xiv 0.9 Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... xv 0.10 Monitoring of Implementation of RAP ...... xv 1 Introduction ...... 18 1.1 Description of Project ...... 18 1.2 Rationale for Preparing the RAP ...... 22 1.3 Objectives of the RAP ...... 22 1.4 RAP Preparation Approach and Methodology ...... 23 2 Project Area Background ...... 25 2.1 Geographic and Administrative Location ...... 25 2.2 Economic Activities ...... 25 2.3 Demography and settlements ...... 25 2.4 Ethnicity and Religion ...... 25 2.5 Mode of Transportation ...... 26 2.6 Educational and Health Services ...... 26 2.7 HIV/AIDS ...... 27 2.8 Energy Source, Water Supply, Telecom and Electricity Services ...... 27 2.9 Land use ...... 30 2.10 Trade and Industry ...... 30 2.11 Air and Water Pollution ...... 30 2.12 Gender Equity Issue ...... 31 2.13 Historical and Cultural Heritages ...... 32 3 Baseline Socio–Economic Data of Project Affected Persons (PAPs) ...... 33 3.1 Census Cut-Off Date ...... 33 3.2 Detail Information of PAPs ...... Error! Bookmark not defined. 3.2.1 Literacy rate of PAPs ...... 35 v

3.2.2 Average Household Income of PAPs ...... 35 3.3 Project Affected Public and Government Properties ...... 35 3.4 Squatters...... 36 3.5 Summary of Household Survey ...... 36 3.6 Conclusion ...... 37 4 Potential Beneficial and Adverse Impacts of Implementing the Project ...... 38 4.1 Beneficial Impacts /Potential Positive Impacts ...... 38 4.2 Potential Adverse Impacts ...... 39 5 Policy, Legal , Institutional and Administrative Framework ...... 45 5.1 National Policies and Legal Framework ...... 45 5.1.1 The FDRE Constitution ...... 45 5.1.2 FDRE Legislation on Expropriation of Land Holdings (Proclamation No. 455/2005) ...... 47 5.1.3 Review of the National and ERA’s HIV/AIDS Policies ...... 48 5.1.4 Review of the ERA’s Resettlement/Rehabilitation Policy Framework ...... 50 5.2 Review of International and Regional Agreements ...... 50 5.3 World Bank Operational Principles ...... 51 5.3.1 OP/BP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement ...... 51 5.3.2 Eligibility Criteria ...... 52 5.4 Comparison between national law on land use and Bank OP 4.12 ...... 53 5.5 Gaps between the Ethiopian Legislations and the World Bank Policies ...... 54 5.6 Institutional and Administrative Framework ...... 57 5.6.1 Federal Government...... 57 5.6.2 National Regional Government ...... 57 5.6.3 .Local Government ...... 58 5.6.4 Ethiopian Roads Authority ...... 58 5.6.5 Oromia National Regional State ...... 60 5.6.6 Woreda Administration ...... 60 5.6.7 Kebele Administration ...... 60 6 Eligibility Criteria and Entitlements Matrix ...... 62 7 Valuation and Compensation Methods for Lost Assets ...... 70 7.1 Principles for Compensation ...... 70 7.2 Compensation Procedure and Approach ...... 70 7.3 Methods of Valuing Compensation for Loss of Houses and Business ...... 71 7.4 Methods of Valuing Compensation for Loss of Farmlands ...... 71 7.5 Compensation for Loss Houses and Fences ...... 72 7.6 Compensation for Permanent Loss of Farmlands ...... 73 7.7 Compensation for Temporary Loss of Farmland ...... 74 7.8 Compensation for Trees and Perennial Crops...... 75 vi Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) Report for Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project Lot 1: Nekemte- Andode ( Km 86 )

7.9 Compensation for Affected Services /Public Utility Lines ...... 77 7.10 Special Assistances for Vulnerable Project Affected Households ...... 78 8 Livelihood Restoration Plan ...... 78 8.1 Capacity building Activities for PAPs ...... 79 8.2 Capacity building Activities for Livelihood Restoration Committee ...... 80 9 Implementation Procedure and Organizational Responsibility ...... 82 9.1 Organizations Involved in RAP Implementation ...... 82 9.2 ...... 82 9.3 Woreda Resettlement Committee ...... 82 9.4 Asset Valuation and Compensation Committee ...... 83 9.5 Livelihood Restoration Committee (LRC) at Woreda level ...... 83 9.6 Ethiopian Electric Utility ...... 84 9.7 The Role of the ERA ...... 84 9.8 Compensation Procedure ...... 86 10 10. Grievance Redress Mechanism ...... 87 10.1 General Arbitration Process ...... 87 10.2 Grievance Resolution Process...... 87 10.3 Grievance Documentation ...... 88 11 11. Public and Stakeholders Consultation ...... 92 11.1 Public consultation ...... 92 11.2 Summary of Issues and Outcomes form Public Consultations ...... 95 11.3 Other stakeholders’ consultation ...... 95 12 12. Public Disclosure ...... 97 13 RAP Implementation Schedule and Budget ...... 98 13.1 RAP Implementation Schedule ...... 98 13.2 Compensation and Relocation Planning ...... 100 13.3 Reporting ...... 100 13.4 RAP Implementation Budget ...... 100 14 Monitoring and Evaluation ...... 102 14.1 General ...... 102 14.2 Internal Monitoring ...... 102 14.3 External Evaluation ...... 103 14.4 Monitoring Indicators ...... 103 14.5 Responsible Authority ...... 105 15 References ...... 106 15.1 Annexes ...... 107 vii

15.2 Annex 1. Minutes of Public Consultation ...... 107 15.3 Annex 2. Sample Photos of Affected Houses taken during Household Survey ...... 115 15.4 Annex 3. List of names of PAPs whose different properties are affected ...... 120 15.5 Annex 5: Baseline PAPs Household Income ...... 129 15.6 Annex 6: Material Extraction sites and their distance from community ...... 136 15.7 Annex 7: PAPs Household Survey Tool ...... 137

viii Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) Report for Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project Lot 1: Nekemte- Andode ( Km 86 )

List of Tables

Table 1: Summary of Total Budget Requirement ...... xvi Table 2: Number of enrolled, dropped out and Repetition students in primary and secondary schools 2013/14 ...... 26 Table 3: Land resource by use (hectares) of Sasiga Woreda ...... 30 Table 4: Ownership of properties by Male and Female household heads ...... 33 Table 5: Type of affected housing units ...... 34 Table 6: Fully and partially affected houses and farm plots by Male and Female house holds ...... 34 Table 7: Number and type of affected houses by size ...... 35 Table 8: Range of household’s income and number of affected households ...... 35 Table 9: Type and number of public utilities (Electric utilities) affected by the project...... 35 Table 10: Mitigation Measures Matrix ...... 40 Table 11: Gaps between Ethiopian Law and WB Policy ...... 55 Table 12: Entitlement Matrix ...... 64 Table 13: Cost estimation for the affected houses and fences ...... 72 Table 14: Weighted Average Market Price of a Quintal of Crops ...... 74 Table 15: Facilities and respective land needs ...... 75 Table 16: species and quantity of trees affected by the project ...... 75 Table 16: Value of compensation for Coffee and other fruit trees ...... 77 Table 18: RAP implementation Schedule ...... 99 Table 19: Resettlement/Rehabilitation Budget ...... 100 Table 20: Input and Output monitoring indicators ...... 104 Table 21: List of persons whose houses / businesses are affected ...... 120 Table 22: List of persons whose Grazing lands are affected ...... 125 Table 23: List of persons whose Farm lands are affected ...... 126 Table 24: List of Different Trees Affected by Sections ...... 127

List of Figures

Figure 1: Nekempte - Bure and Lot I: Nekempte – Anger Guten– Andhode Road Upgrading Project Location Map ...... 19 Figure 2: Nekempte-Bure and Lot I: Nekempte–Anger Guten–Andhode Road Upgrading Project borrow pit km 9+100 RHS ...... 20 Figure 3: Nekempte-Bure: Lot I: Nekempte–Anger Guten–Andhode Road Upgrading Project borrow pit km10+800 RHS ...... 20 Figure 4: Nekempte-Bure: Lot I: Nekempte–Anger Guten–Andhode Road Upgrading Project borrow pit km 19+200 RHS ...... 21 Figure 5: Nekempte-Bure: Lot I: Nekempte–Anger Guten–Andhode Road Upgrading Project main camp km 42+000 RHS before construction started ...... 21 Figure 6: Nekempte-Bure and Lot I: Nekempte–Anger Guten–Andhode Road Upgrading Project main camp km 42+000 RHS during construction phase ...... 22 Figure 7: Tokuma Tsige water pipeline network crosses the road through culverts at km 11+685 and at km 12+960 ...... 28 Figure 8: Electric poles in Tokuma Tsige town ...... 29 Figure 9: Utilities in Bedhasa Jarso Kebele ...... 29 Figure 10: Project Affected Persons (PAPs) grievance resolution flow chart with compensation issues as example ...... 90 Figure 11: Public consultation with Tokuma Tsige Kebele Residents and PAPs ...... 93 Figure 12: Public consultation with Bedhasa Jarso and Haro Feyisa Kebele Residents and PAPs ...... 94 Figure 13: On - site discussion with PAPs (Right) Awareness rising at Protestant Church about the project ...... 94 Figure 14: Public Awareness raising at Tsige Mariam Church and house to house awareness rising ...... 94

x Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) Report for Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project Lot 1: Nekemte- Andode ( Km 86 )

0 Executive Summary 0.1 Description of the Road Project The Nekempte–Bure road upgrading project, that covers 258 km of road, connects the Addis Ababa – Nekempte – Asosa and Addis Ababa– Debremarkos – Bahir Dar Trunk Roads. The construction of the project road is divided into three lots. This document is the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for Lot I: Nekempte – Anger Guten – Andhode section that covers 86.1 km. It is prepared to outline how the project developer will comply with the social requirements of the FDRE, the Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) and the World Bank Group standards by following the mitigation hierarchy, i.e. avoiding, minimizing, mitigating, and/or compensating adverse impact as outlined in the RPF for this project. As a development project, it is further expected that based on this RAP additional development gains can be made by enhancing respective project potentials.

The Lot -I project has been split as MS-1, MS -2 and MS-3. In line with this, RAP report for MS-1 have been prepared and reviewed by the Bank. Now the project is working to finalize the RAP for milestone as per the comments received from the World Bank. This RAP report is, therefore, prepared only for the first mile which is 17km section of the road.

0.2 This RAP Document This RAP document consists of project background information, objective of the RAP, methodology, summary of key policies, legal and administrative framework, project description, social baseline, project activities, and description of potential social impacts, valuation, and public consultation, compensation methods for lost assets, institutional arrangement, grievance system, budget and RAP implementation monitoring. Moreover, the RAP document is prepared based on the foundations placed by the documents previously prepared for the project such as RPF, project feasibility studies and policy requirements that triggered this RAP.

It is prepared based on the findings of the socio-economic analysis which was developed based on the RPF, the GoE legal and the WB’s safeguard policy requirements. In addition to this, it is used along with the October 2013 ESIA document and the February 2017 ESMP. Last but not least, the document requires periodic updating as per the contract document and design approval. Each update will be consulted with the respective communities and provided to ERA and the World Bank in time for clearance prior to any material activities on the ground.

0.3 Objective of the RAP The main objective of the RAP is to provide a legally binding guidance system for the implementation of the road upgrading project. Moreover, it is designed to minimize risks by avoiding displacement of people without well-designed compensation and relocation procedures, establishes compensation measures for losses incurred, and it also establishes livelihood and income restoration as well as resettlement assistance measures. xi

Apart from this, the objective is to review the existing policies and development strategies, legal and institutional frameworks pertaining to the project, carry out meaningful public consultation regarding the potential social benefits and adverse impacts accruing from the construction of the project road, conduct a survey to identify affected properties & assets, define the eligibility criteria for identification of project affected persons and entitlements, estimate compensation costs, and identify an appropriate social management and monitoring framework that will ensure that reinforcement measures for the positive impacts and the mitigation of adverse social impacts are fully addressed.

0.4 Methodology The preparation of this RAP document is accomplished following two aspects of standard qualitative and quantitative data collection methodologies. The first aspect involves the planning stage where required secondary data are collected through in–house data collection, review and preparation of data collection tools along with detailed site activities.

The second aspect involves field based (in–situ) data collection, analysis and report writing. The detailed data collection tools included desk review where the RAP team reviewed project documents such as RPF, SIA and ESIA, the ERA’s resettlement/rehabilitation policy framework, World Bank Involuntary Resettlement Policy, national legislations on expropriation of properties for public purposes and compensation payments, federal and regional level rural land administration and land use proclamations and other relevant legal documents.

The in–house data collection and review is followed by field site visual inspection, detailed data collection and report writing. In this stage detailed site visits and surveys on the first section in Leku village, Harro Folla village, Tokuma Tsige village, and Bedhasa Jarso village have been executed from January to March 2017 to collect first hand qualitative and quantitative data on the socio-economic, cultural and linguistic composition of the project area.

0.5 Summarized Project Activities and Project Impacts The project works will involve improvement of horizontal and vertical curves, widening of the road width, provision of parking lanes and pedestrian walkways in towns and villages, new drainage structures and replacement of substandard structures, proper side ditches, erosion protection structures, and asphalt pavements. The major construction activities of the project involves relocating residential, business, utilities, fences, trees, bushes, shrubs, crop residues, etc. from RoW; putting the necessary safety signs; excavate the existing road to the required level and backfill with suitable materials from borrow; form sub–base and base course layers; showering construction activities; construction of 7 bridges, 87 concrete pipes, 5 concrete slabs, 9 box structures, drainage ditches, spraying of prime coat; laying of asphalt concrete; installing road furniture and opening the road to traffic. These activities will have both beneficial and adverse social impacts.

The major potential social impacts of the construction activities in the corridor includes but not limited to: loss of farmland, houses and businesses as a result of land acquisition for public purpose and consequently loss of income and livelihood as well as involuntary relocation; potential increase in the spread of communicable diseases such as STDs including HIV/AIDS, pressure on the existing local service providing infrastructures, and increased risk of accidents due to traffic and construction works, xii Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) Report for Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project Lot 1: Nekemte- Andode ( Km 86 ) impacts related to water logging in quarry sites and borrow pits, and impacts related with water, soil and air pollution. Moreover, there are impacts associated with the road design that may make life difficult for the vulnerable and handicapped groups of the community along the corridor if not addressed accordingly.

Specifically, the road construction project in its first 17 km section (km 5+600 to km 22+600), affects a total of 447 property owners out of which 60 (13.33 %) are female headed households. The affected properties include 73 housing units owned by 71 PAPs, 4 ha farmland owned by 21 PAPs, 2.6 ha grazing land owned by 17 PAPs, 15,149 different species of trees of different sizes owned by 254 PAPs, 1,254 m long fence made of wood, natural shrubs, and CIS owned by 112 PAPs. Although the total count of affected property owners accounts 475, the properties of 28 PAPs are affected more than once making the total number of PAPs to be 447. Moreover, 4,000 m long water supply pipeline network and 38 electric poles (wooden and concrete) will be impacted.

Out of the affected 73 housing units; 38 are residential, 25 are used exclusively for business, 7 are both residential and business (mixed use) and 3 are grain stores. The business includes various kinds of activities such as Kiosk, tea shop, barber, butcher house, and restaurant. Out of the total 447 PAPs 60 are female headed households. In addition to these 60 female headed households, 1 male farmland owner, 4 male house owners, and 5 fence owners are above 60 years old and/or disabled, leading to a total of 70 vulnerable PAPs.

0.6 Public and Stakeholders Consultations The primary purpose of public and stakeholder consultations is to ensure the public to have meaningful inputs into the Project’s decision-making process on all components applying to them; this includes management of its social impacts. It also allows accurate and timely dissemination of information, and development of mitigation measures in a participatory manner; next to functioning as an early warning system for public concerns.

Cognizant of this fact, the RPF and the federal and regional regulations, public and stakeholders consultations were conducted through formal meetings held in Tokuma Tsige, Haro Feyisa and Bedhasa Jarso/Mendera 24 Kebeles. The consultations involved Kebele officials, Woreda sector offices, PAPs and other community members. On the other hand, informal meetings held with different sections of the community in the months of January to March 2017 during household census and transect walks.

The consultation sessions revealed that the PAPs have serious concerns with the approach and modes of assets valuation and compensations. They requested the proponent and its local stakeholders to establish all the required committees and that they are transparent in handling every single case, and for continuous consultations at least every quarter or more, whenever required. On the other hand, the government representatives promised to provide relocation sites for the “would be” displaced PAPs, and to support different vulnerable groups during the project implementation period.

Representatives of the proponent and its local stakeholders promised to post all their work procedures, eligibility criteria, and methods of asset valuation to residents of all Kebeles. Furthermore, during the xiii public consultation the participants have reported to cooperate and to take actions that will contribute to the speedy implementation of the construction work and implementation of RAP. Furthermore, it was made clear to all partakes that the cut–of– date was set by the project proponent to be August 09/2016.

0.7 Livelihood Restoration Plan Livelihood restoration refers to reestablishment of income levels for the PAPs at least prevalent to the time of displacement. It is an important component for the resettlement of PAPs who have lost their productive base, businesses, jobs, or other income sources, regardless of whether they have also lost their houses.

The strategy for PAPs who have lost their assets and properties, income restoration plans may require support and services in the long and short term basis. The short term strategy will involve provision of employment opportunity in the project depending on the needs, skill and capacity of the PAPs. The long term strategy includes providing capacity building trainings and basic business commencement inputs.

Household survey on PAPs revealed that 15 households prefer to get trainings and inputs on small business, 48 on animal fattening and 17 on agriculture. The project will conduct the detail need assessment study and will prepare livelihood restoration plan as soon as the RAP for the whole lot is completed. These documents will be reviewed and cleared by the World Bank.

0.8 Institutions for Implementing the RAP The overall responsibility for implementing RAP is vested primarily to ERA and the two committees (valuation and grievance redress). The ERAs Western Region directorate, ESMT and RoW agent shall play pivotal role in the process by activating the establishment of the committees and providing all the required materials and building their capacity. Moreover, Oromia National Regional State, East Wollega Zone and Sasiga Woreda will have important roles during the implementation of the RAP by providing the required staffing to establish the committees inclusive of allowance for the committee member for site deployment, and providing the required PAPs documents. Moreover, the Woreda administrator will call meetings involving all sector offices to establish the asset valuation committee. The Woreda is according to Ethiopian law also responsible for the provision of replacement lands including resettlement sites as necessary. ERA will provide respective resources to facilitate the process as necessary, including the (re-)establishment of public facilities on such lands. Moreover, the Woreda administrator shall facilitate the preparation and provision of capacity building materials and trainings with support by ERA to cover respective costs. In addition to this, the administrator will play key role in establishing grievance redressing committee as per the RPF.

ERA has already activated these committees by providing them in–house and on–site capacity building trainings. The two committees comprised of representatives from sector offices, representatives from PAPs and the RoW agent. Funds for payment of the compensation, relocation, and livelihood restoration will be made available by the ERA through the RoW department in collaboration with Western region directorate. The Committees will prepare monthly and quarterly progress reports which will be delivered to the Resident Engineer office, ERA RoW department, the Woreda administration, and the World Bank. The ERA has assign a RoW agent that speaks Afan Oromo, knows the culture of the people, and is able to work with local stakeholders in an amicable and constructive manner. xiv Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) Report for Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project Lot 1: Nekemte- Andode ( Km 86 )

0.9 Grievance Redress Mechanism The project has established Woreda level asset valuation and grievance redress committees to handle disputes that might arise by the PAPs. The objective of the grievance redress mechanism is to respond to the complaints of PAPs promptly and in a transparent manner. The procedures provide an opportunity to resolve the case amicably. If this fails, the PAPs submit written complaint to the committee and the committee shall review the appeal and try to resolve the case amicably by investigating the issues based on the available evidences timely and satisfactorily. If the applicant view that the GRC’s resolution is not at his/her satisfactory level, he/she be recommended to appeal their cases to the higher level of grievance hearing offices in the hierarchy of the government structure or to the court as a last resort.

If the case cannot be settled amicably, the GRC shall give its final decision to the PAPs within two week time. If the PAPs do not agree with the decision of the GRC, they are informed that they are free to go to the court with their appeal and all this procedure shall be completed in two weeks. The GRC members shall work their assignments in a simple, transparent, and understandable procedure where all PAPs shall have free access to the procedure. The procedure will be disclosed to PAPs during public consultations, ensuring overall understanding by all, including vulnerable groups; it will also be made available in local language, posted at respective public places such as Kebele halls or schools. The procedure will include location and public opening hours of the respective GRC offices. In this regard, the Project, i.e. ERA, will carry all costs associated with the GRM, including operational budget and logistics for the GRC members, and pro-actively provide support to PAPs to raise their grievances. The Project will also ensure that grievances are documented properly and provide GRM information including numbers of filed and solved grievances in the regular progress reports.

0.10 Monitoring of Implementation of RAP The overall objective of monitoring is to ensure that implementation complies with the approved RAP. Thus, the implementation of this RAP will be monitored as per the RPF and ensure that it is carried out as per the plan and the requirements. The monitoring process will involve both internal and external monitoring approaches. The RAP implementation monitoring indicators involves awareness creation phase, committee formation phase, compensation phase; time required for compensation and relocation and/or resettlement, reporting, and budget requirement for compensation committee and briefly explains each phase. The internal monitoring will be conducted by the social management team of the ERA through field visits at least once in a month. This will be carried out by the Task Force organized to Monitor Social and Environmental safeguard across the World Bank Financed projects. The local administration (Woreda labor and social affairs office) will also conduct its own monitoring of the RAP.

The external monitoring will be done by an independent consultant who will be hired by ERA. The independent consultant will monitor and evaluate the RAP in consultation with the Employer’s Representative (Engineer) and with Woreda and Kebele administration representatives every quarter. In addition to the independent consultant, the Federal and the Regional social and labor bureaus will be involved in the external monitoring of the implementation of the RAP with the independent consultant hired by ERA. All Monitoring and Evaluation Reports including Monthly and Quarterly Implementation xv

Status Reports will be submitted to the World Bank on regular basis. The WB group supervision missions will also serve as one of the external monitoring mechanisms. ERAs RAP implementation monitoring format will be used for the monitoring the implementation of this RAP.

Budget Requirement for RAP

The cost estimate and budget required for the implementation of this RAP are summarized herein below. The total estimated cost including 15 % contingency will be Birr 40,792,239.31. The cost and budget estimate is prepared on the basis of the requirement as compensation payment and rehabilitation measures for PAPs and the budget required for Administrative costs in the implementation of the RAP.

Table 1: Summary of Total Budget Requirement

No. Compensation to be paid for Compensation Amount (Birr) 1 Compensation for all types of houses/structures 4,318,590.00 2 Compensation for different type of fences 444,320.00 3 Permanent loss of strips of farmlands 780,900.00 4 Temporary loss of strips of farmlands 17,570,250.00 5 Compensation for Eucalyptus tree 3,965,819.44 6 Compensation for fruit bearing trees 384,488.00 7 Compensation for coffee trees 62,370.00 8 Compensation for other permanent trees 766,800.00 9 Compensation for affected social services 408,375.00 10 Livelihood restoration activities 1,789,650.00 11 A budget for HIV/AIDS prevention activities 2,120,000.00 12 A budget for vulnerable group members assistance 210,000.00 (3,000 Birr/person) 13 Budget for compensation Committee 300,450.00 14 Budget for resettlement committee (5 person, 300 180,000.00 birr/person, 5 days/month for two years) 15 Budget for grievance redress committee (5 person, 300 180,000.00 birr/person, 5 days/month for two years) 16 RAP monitoring 349,500.00 17 Electric poles and affected pipeline network 2,000,000.00 18 Total 35,831,512.44 xvi Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) Report for Nekemte-Bure Road Upgrading Project Lot 1: Nekemte- Andode ( Km 86 )

No. Compensation to be paid for Compensation Amount (Birr) 19 Contingency (15%) 5,374,726.87 20 Grand Total 41,206,239.31

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1 Introduction 1.1 Description of Project The Nekempte–Bure road upgrading project, that covers 258 km of road, connects the Addis Ababa–Nekempte– Asosa and Addis Ababa–Debremarkos–Bahirdar Trunk Roads. It is currently a gravel-surfaced link road with variable width between 5.5 m to 9 m. The project road is divided into three lots, and this document is the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for Lot I: Nekempte – Anger Guten – Andhode section that covers 86.1 km. It is prepared to outline how the project developer will comply with the social requirements of the FDRE, the Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) and the World Bank Group standards by following the mitigation hierarchy, i.e. avoiding, minimizing, mitigating, and/or compensating adverse impact as outlined in the RPF for this project. As a development project, it is further expected that based on this RAP additional development gains can be made by enhancing respective project potentials.

The Nekempte–Anger–Gutin–Andhode Road Upgrading Project starts at the outskirt of Nekempte town on the Northeast direction and terminates at Andhode town after traversing for 86.1 km. It is the first lot of the Nekempte – Bure road Upgrading Project that connects two zones East Wollega Zone of Oromia National Regional State and West Gojam Zone of Amhara National Region State. Nekempte town is located on the Addis Ababa–Nekempte–Asosa Trunk Road; while Bure is located on the Debremarkos– Bahir Dar Trunk Road. The road traverses through Sasiga, Guto-Gida, and Gida-Ayana Woredas of East Wollega Zone. Section I of lot I extends from km 5.600 to km 22.600, all part of Sasiga Woreda, traversing through three Kebeles: Haro Feyisa, Tokuma Tsige, and Bedhasa Jarso.

Figure 1: Nekempte - Bure and Lot I: Nekempte – Anger Guten– Andhode Road Upgrading Project Location Map

Figure 2: Nekempte-Bure and Lot I: Nekempte–Anger Guten–Andhode Road Upgrading Project borrow pit km 9+100 RHS

Figure 3: Nekempte-Bure: Lot I: Nekempte–Anger Guten–Andhode Road Upgrading Project borrow pit km10+800 RHS

Figure 4: Nekempte-Bure: Lot I: Nekempte–Anger Guten–Andhode Road Upgrading Project borrow pit km 19+200 RHS

Figure 5: Nekempte-Bure: Lot I: Nekempte–Anger Guten–Andhode Road Upgrading Project main camp km 42+000 RHS before construction started

Figure 6: Nekempte-Bure and Lot I: Nekempte–Anger Guten–Andhode Road Upgrading Project main camp km 42+000 RHS during construction phase 1.2 Rationale for Preparing the RAP The rationale for preparing this RAP is to provide procedures on social management issues related to land acquisition, relocation and livelihood restoration needs, and practices which help minimize the negative social impacts and enhances the positive ones through proper implementation of proposed social mitigation measures.

1.3 Objectives of the RAP The main objective of the RAP is to provide a legally binding guidance system for the implementation of the road upgrading project. Moreover, it is designed to minimize risks by avoiding displacement of people without well-designed compensation and relocation procedures, establishes compensation measures for losses incurred, and it also establishes livelihood and income restoration as well as resettlement assistance measures.

In more detail, the key objectives of the RAP encompass:

• A review of the existing policies and development strategies, legal and institutional frameworks pertaining to the project, • Public consultations regarding the potential social positive and adverse impacts accruing from the construction of the project road, • Definition of the eligibility criteria for identification of Project Affected persons and entitlements,

• A survey to identify affected properties and assets, and estimate respective compensation costs; and • Identification of an appropriate social management and monitoring framework, which will ensure effective reinforcement measures for positive impacts and mitigation measures for adverse social impacts.

1.4 RAP Preparation Approach and Methodology The preparation of this RAP document is accomplished following two aspects of standard qualitative and quantitative data collection methodologies. The first aspect involves the planning stage where required secondary data are collected through in–house data collection, review and preparation of data collection tools along with detailed site activities.

The field-based assessment has been instrumental in identifying problems related to the project road and identifying mitigation measures. During field visits, consultation with government line departments, PAPs, and the public at large were conducted to obtain data on public perception of the project, livelihood strategies, and local knowledge about grievance redress mechanism; and to disclose of project information to the public.

Furthermore, key informant interviews and 12 focus group discussions sessions (four in each Kebele) involving segregated partakers (adult men and women, youth, administrative bodies, elders, and religious groups separately) were held to get the opinions of the community on the project impacts. Partakers of the key informant interviews were identified based on their knowledge about their customary laws, traditions, religious observances and adherences, needs and aspiration of the community.

The household survey underlying this RAP collected information on livelihoods and affected assets of PAPs, including:

• Name, Age, Sex, Family size, educational background, employment status, relationship to household head. • Information on Livelihood activities: Profession (or Occupation), • Types of properties to be affected: Location, Size and Type • Impact on houses: Residential, Business • Impacts on agricultural land with the names of owners/users of the individual farmers in size, and trees, such as; fruit and perennial plants, cash crops, • Information on vulnerable groups: Female Headed Households, physically or mentally disabled, elderly, or persons for whom special provision may have to be made, • Affected public utilities: Infrastructure and social services to be affected by the construction works; water distribution points, electricity supplies, telephone lines, health institutions. • Illegally built houses in the RoW, if any, and number of houses (with types), locations, size, status and conditions of people, and how they are going to be treated and compensated.

Last but not least, considering the importance of public participation for the preparation of the RAP document, public consultations were carried out in the three Kebeles traversed by the first section km 5+600 to 22+600 and directly affected by the project. On the other hand, questionnaires were administered by the assessment team to quantify the type and size of affected assets.

2 Project Area Background 2.1 Geographic and Administrative Location As noted above, the Nekempte–Anger–Gutin–Andhode Road Upgrading Project starts at the outskirt of Nekempte town on the Northeast direction and terminates at Andhode town after traversing for 86.1 km. It is the first lot of the Nekempte – Bure road Upgrading Project that connects two zones East Wollega Zone of Oromia National Regional State and West Gojam Zone of Amhara National Region State. Nekempte town is located on the Addis Ababa–Nekempte– Asosa Trunk Road; while Bure is located on the Debremarkos– Bahir Dar Trunk Road. The road traverses through Sasiga, Guto-Gida, and Gida-Ayana Woredas of East Wollega Zone. Section I of lot I extends from km 5.600 to km 22.600, all part of Sasiga Woreda, traversing through three Kebeles: Haro Feyisa, Tokuma Tsige, and Bedhasa Jarso.

2.2 Economic Activities The socio-economic background of the project area is predominately rural; where majority of the population is dependent on farming. Mixed agriculture (crop farming and livestock keeping) is the mainstay for the population in the project area. Apart from crop farming and livestock raising, there is limited alternative economic activity in the project area. The major types of agricultural crops that grow in the area include Maize, Teff, Wheat, Barley, Neug, Haricot Bean and Legumes in the highland part and sesame ‘Selit’ in the lowland area. Farming activities are practiced by using traditional hand tools and oxen plows. Regarding food security, all the Woredas traversed by the project road are surplus producer. The livelihood of the population in the urban sections mainly depends on small scale businesses and employment in public and private sectors. The major source of income for households include salaries, earnings from self-employment, domestic work, causal labor, petty trade, and pensions.

2.3 Demography and settlements According to the socio–economic document prepared in 2016 by Sasiga Woreda Office of Finance and Economic Development, the total area of the Woreda is 163,718 ha, encompassing 22,398 households with 106,603 people (48.87 % male). According to the Woreda statistics, out of the total population, 96.85 % is rural and the mean rural family size is 7. On the other hand, the urban average family size of the district is 5. According to the Kebele administrations, the three Kebeles traversed by the project road encompass 3,900 households, where Haro Fayisa consists of 2,800 persons, Tokuma Tsige has a total of 3,300 people and Bedhasa Jaros has a total of 4,000 persons.

2.4 Ethnicity and Religion The major ethnic group in the project area is Oromo, who speak “Afan Oromo”. There are also other, small ethnic groups such as Gurage, Tigrie, and Amhara along the project road. According to the 2015/16 socio – economic profile of the Sassiga Woreda, the local population follows two major religions: Christianity and Islam. The data reveals that the majority of Sasiga Woreda 25

follows Protestant Christianity (62.7% reporting that as their religion), while 21.55% were Muslims and 14.21% followers of Ethiopian Orthodox Christianity.

2.5 Mode of Transportation Modern transport coverage is low in the rural areas. Travel and transport in the project area is mainly carried out by walking. According to the data obtained from Sassiga Woreda finance and economic development office, it is estimated that more than 90% of households in the project area walk to reach different social services and facilities. Use of pack animal is the second mode of transport available. In the rural areas, one has to cover on average 5-hours walk on foot to access transport services. The road network of Sasiga Woreda has a dry weather gravel road constructed by Oromia rural road construction in labor base project that has been serving the district to both towns Galo and Geba Jimata.

2.6 Educational and Health Services According to the data obtained from Sassiga Woreda finance and economic development office, the educational facilities are ill equipped, under-staffed and lack the capacity to fulfill the requirements.

Table 2: Number of enrolled, dropped out and Repetition students in primary and secondary schools 2013/14

Student enrolled, dropped out and Repeated by level of school

Primary schools Secondary school (9 – 10

First Cycle Second Cycle

Sex

Year

Total

Total Total

Dropout

Dropout Dropout

Repetition

Enrolment

Repetition Repetition

Enrolment Enrolment

M 1594 472 217 3123 786 240 764 123 34

F 1398 307 231 2987 432 329 541 76 47

2013 T 2992 779 448 6110 1218 569 1305 199 81

M 5798 989 124 2874 489 206 709 141 23

F 5189 789 203 2495 278 259 432 87 29

2014 T 10987 1778 327 5369 767 465 1141 228 52

Source: Sasiga Woreda Education Office

The distribution of health services and facilities, and also that of health professionals, has not yet reached its expected level in the Woreda and in the project road corridor. According to the 2013

socio–economic study, Sasiga Woreda is known to have 36 nurses, 1 health officers, three health assistants, two lab technicians, three pharmacists, four sanitarians, and 27 community health agents operating in health institutions under government ownership. However, looking at the progress, the data shows a positive trend; e.g. from 2012 to 2013 the health coverage grow from 62% to 75%. According to the data obtained from Sasigga Health Office the total numbers of children vaccinated during the year 2013 were 3,095, out of which 2023 were males.

2.7 HIV/AIDS According to the Federal HAPCO 2015 report, the estimated and projected HIV prevalence by year (adult population 15-49), Urban, Rural and National in 2018 is 1.01 for national, 3.58 for urban and 0.57 for rural areas. Out of the total population of the country around 1,320,000 people (590,000 Male and 730,000 Female) live with HIV/AIDS.

Kebele-specific data on the trend of HIV/AIDS prevalence is not available, but it can be assumed that the prevalence in Kebeles closer to Nekempte town is higher. Thus, the spread of HIV/AIDS in those rural Kebeles located in the Woredas traversed by the project road can be considered a potential threat also for rural villages. With the construction of roads, increasing traffic is expected which will lead to an increased risk of HIV/AIDS unless appropriate mitigation measures and awareness creation programs are considered beforehand. In order to reduce HIV/AIDS risks, the Woreda health office has put in place awareness raising sessions, made ART available in all health centers and tries to make condoms available in hotels, health centers, and work places.

The camp site of the project is located at km 42+000 from Nekempte town and 7 km from Uke. There are no houses and inhabitants in the vicinity of the selected site. In order to address the problems associated with influx of people and concomitant spread of sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS, the project has established liaison with Uke and Tokuma Tsige health centers and Walda Welif Yadu People Living with HIV/AIDS (PLWHAs) club in Uke town to conduct periodic awareness raising activities including the distribution of condoms in hotels, inns and etc. Furthermore, the health centers will provide Provider Initiated Counseling and Testing (PICT) and Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) for the local people and the workforces.

2.8 Energy Source, Water Supply, Telecom and Electricity Services According to the information obtained from Sasiga Woreda administration office, source of energy for both rural and urban residents is mainly firewood.

Water resources are ample in the area. Springs emanating from the hills and mountain sides are found. However, coverage of adequate potable water supply is still in short. Most of the rural communities depend on water from unprotected sources (springs, rivers and ponds). No major

pollution sources are prevalent in the area, except fecal pollution risks. Simple source protection and spring developments could enable good quality water for domestic consumption.

According to Sasiga Water, Mineral and Energy Office, out of the total population in the Woreda 54.0 % rural and 58.8 % urban population are supplied with potable water. The rural Kebeles of Tokuma Tsige and Bedhaso Jarso have a potable water supply network of more than 4,000 m length with ground water source and a reservoir.

Figure 7: Tokuma Tsige water pipeline network crosses the road through culverts at km 11+685 and at km 12+960

Figure 8: Electric poles in Tokuma Tsige town

Figure 9: Utilities in Bedhasa Jarso Kebele Tokuma Tsige and Bedhaso Jarso Kebeles are the two rural Kebeles located along the first section of Lot I of the corridor that have access to 24 hours electricity supply and telephone service. The mobile network is operational throughout the project road corridor and in its influence area.

2.9 Land use Table 3: Land resource by use (hectares) of Sasiga Woreda

No. Land use type Approx. area coverage (ha) Percentage 1 Land under crops 51,812 31.64

• Annual 42,638 26.04 • Perennial crops 9174 5.60 2 Pasture land/grazing land 11,609 7.09 3 Forest Land 21,958 13.41 4 Degraded/barren land 1,862 1.13 5 Natural forest 2,459 1.5 6 Man-made forest 8,247 5.03 7 Wood land 1,129 0.68 8 Shrub land 191 0.11 9 Bush land 11,252 6.87 10 Swampy /marsh land 96.67 0.05 11 Others 1,290.33 0.78 12 Total 163,718 100 Land use in the project road corridor is mainly agricultural land. The project road traverses through mostly cultivated areas with about 33 % flat, 48 % rolling or undulating, 6% mountainous and 13% escarpment topography. Because most of the landmass is under cultivation, cow dung and crop residue are the major source of energy next to fire wood both in the rural and urban areas. Furthermore, eucalyptus plantation is common for domestic use and cash crop.

2.10 Trade and Industry Although Sasiga Woreda is well known for its coffee production and surplus crop production none of the three Kebeles traversed by the first seventeen kilometers have any kind of bank, insurance, and credit associations. Small-scale businesses, such as metal workshops, garages for vehicle maintenance, etc., have not yet emerged in the three Kebeles.

2.11 Air and Water Pollution The area is mostly rural, except at Nekempte town. In general, there are no industries and urban sewerage disposing into the naturally occurring rivers, streams, boreholes and wetlands. There is a possibility of using fertilizers that might be sources of water pollution; however, the magnitude

is very low, as people in the area relay on crop production. The only source of air pollutant in the project area are vehicular emissions (not significant), dust due to vehicles and wind and emissions from few stationary sources such as generators, mills, etc.

2.12 Gender Equity Issue In Ethiopia, women enjoy equal constitutional rights with men; however, they are under- represented in almost all sectors. Traditionally top positions in managing the politics, economy, religion and administration are taken by men. This traditional practice has seriously affected the role to be played by women for centuries.

Gender equity issue are highly important and critical for the socio–economic development of Ethiopia. Without maintaining gender equity it is highly unlikely to attain the required development goals of the GTP II. Cognizant of this fact, the GoE has crafted the National Women Policy in 1993, which aimed to create appropriate structures within government offices and institutions to establish equitable and gender–sensitive public strategies. Furthermore, it attempted to create favorable environment for women and to ensure the supply of basic services to women, and to eliminate gender based discriminations. In 2006, the Ministry of Children, Youth and Women designed a National Plan of Action for Gender Equality (NAP– GE) where its goal is “to contribute to the attainment of equality between men and women, in social, political and economic development”.

In the project area, gender inequality prevails as it is the case in most rural parts of Ethiopia. The role of women in the socio–economic development, in general and in the agricultural sector in particular, is of importance. In addition to agricultural activities, they are responsible for day– to– day household duties and for taking care of children. They also carry agricultural products to the market places for sale and in return buy household commodities for consumption.

As per the results of discussions conducted with Sasiga Woreda Women and Children Office and also in line with comments given by community representatives, women are the most disadvantaged and affected from the inadequacy of the road infrastructure. There are frequent death causalities reported due to delays in reaching health centers especially during pregnancy and delivery periods. The hardship of carrying heavy loads to the market places and back home is also a burden of women. The implementation of the road infrastructure would substantially improve transportation facility in the area, there by alleviating considerable difficulties that women are currently experiencing.

Woreda level women and Children affair offices do their utmost effort to create awareness about the role and responsibilities that women play in the community and at household level. The primary focus of the office is to organize women in the form of women association at Kebele level to help them engage in income generation activities, form village level saving groups, and

tackle problems related to HIV/AIDS. In the project area, women's transport needs are mainly related to;

• Travel for domestic activities: • Travel for economic activities: travel to markets, travel to farm fields, travel to saving and credit associations, cooperatives, • Travel to social service facilities: travel to modern health facilities and traditional healers, women associations meetings, • Travel for social and communal activities: travel to places of worship, to funerals, visiting the sick, visiting of families and friends.

2.13 Historical and Cultural Heritages No physical cultural heritage is expected to be adversely affected by the project. However, there are Christian Churches close to the road which needs attention during construction (St. George Church on the outskirt of Nekempte town which is situated very close to the project start, Tsige Mariam Church in Tokuma Tsige Kebele at about km 12+220 at the outskirt of Tsige village, and Protestant Evangelical Mekane Yesus Church at km 13+300 RHS). Respective mitigation measures are covered by the ESMP.

3 Baseline Socio–Economic Data of Project Affected Persons (PAPs) This baseline socio–economic data reflects relevant information concerning the PAPs, including the current occupants of the houses and fences, of farmland and grazing land, trees, and public utilities that are located within the RoW.

3.1 Census Cut-Off Date The cut-off date to record the PAPs along the road corridor right-of-way was set as August 09, 2016. Cultivating land, constructing buildings or settlements in the project affected areas after the cut-off-date will not be eligible for compensation or subsidies. Compensations will also not be paid for any structures erected, or crops and trees planted purely for the purpose of gaining additional compensation. The cut–off–date has been communicated to all communities along the corridor and Kebele administrative bodies. All concerned parties including established steering committee involving the Woredas, Municipalities, Kebele administrations and other relevant stakeholders were communicated through letter which was issued on August 09, 2016 with reference number: መመን/272/13-2249.PAPs also were communicated about the cut of date during door to door consultation and through public consultations after the set of the cut -of- date. Further, the cut of date was communicated during the meeting made between ERA, Amhara and Oromia regional states on August 25,2016.

The road construction project in its first 17 km section (km 5+600 to km 22+600) affects a total of 447 property owners out of which 60 (13.33 %) are female headed households (female PAPs). The affected properties include 73 housing units owned by 71 PAPs, 4 ha farmland owned by 21 PAPs, 2.6 ha grazing land owned by 17 PAPs (no community owned grazing land is affected), 15,149 different species of trees of different sizes owned by 254 PAPs, 1,254 m long fence made of wood natural shrubs, and CIS owned by 112 PAPs. Although the total count of PAPs accounts to be 475, the properties of 28 PAPs are affected more than one of their properties and assets making the total number of PAPs to be 447. Moreover, 4,000 m long water supply pipeline network and 38 electric poles (wooden and concrete) will be impacted.

Table 4: Ownership of properties by Male and Female household heads

Sex of # affected # affected # affected # affected # affected Total number head of trees owners farmland house owners fence grazing land of PAPs HH owners owners owners Male 222 20 55 102 16 415 Female 32 1 16 10 1 60 Total 254 21 71 112 17 475

In addition to the 60 female headed household PAPs, 1 male farmland owner PAP, 4 male house owner PAPs, and 5 fence owner PAPs making up a total of 70 PAPs are vulnerable as they are older than 60 and disabled.

On the other hand, out of the 73 housing units 61 housing units (26 residential, 25 business, 7 mixed use, and 3 grain stores) will be fully damaged by the project and the remaining 12 housing units will be partially damaged. These houses are small shops constructed in connection to the main living house. The road construction will damage these houses not the whole housing unit. Although a total of 61 housing units are fully affected that needs physical relocation, household survey and consultation with these PAPs revealed that they prefer to construct their houses on their remaining plot of land (existing location) than physical relocation as long as proper compensation and sufficient time are allocated to construct their new houses and maintain their livelihood. Six households raised the issue of relocation, the Woreda administration in consultation with these PAPs is working to identify a relocation site with basic infrastructure services including electricity and water supply network. The detail list of PAPs, data and information on the above items is presented in the inventory sheet which is attached in the annex.

Table 5: Type of affected housing units

Type of houses Business Residential Business and Store Total Residential No. of houses affected 38 25 7 3 73

Table 6: Fully and partially affected houses and farm plots by Male and Female house holds

Sex Houses affected Farmland affected Partially Fully Partially Fully Male 8 49 26 – Female 4 12 1 – Total 12 61 27 –

Table 7: Number and type of affected houses by size

Type of house Quantity Size (m2) (Number) Wood and Mud Wall Cemented Floor CIS Roof 10 158.15 Wood and Mud Wall Soil Floor CIS Roof 60 1,018.82 Thatched Roof/Tukul houses 3 27.27 Total 73 1,204.24 Source: Field survey, March 2017

3.1.1 Literacy rate of PAPs From the total 447 PAPs, 123 or 27.52 % are illiterate (no reading and writing), 280 or 62.64 % accomplished their primary level education (grade 1-6) and 92 or 20.58 % accomplished junior secondary and primary high school education (grades 7-10), and only 16 or 3.58 % went to higher education.

3.1.2 Average Household Income of PAPs The average household incomes for project affected people have different figures across the 17 km section of the project road. The maximum household income per year reaches up to 100,000 Birr for some individuals in the Tokuma Tsige Kebeles, especially those people engaged in butcher house business and cash crop production such as Khat, Eucalyptus, and Coffee. On the other hand, the lowest yearly household income reaches only 8,000.00 Birr in project affected Kebeles. Thus, considering this variation the estimated average yearly household income of PAPs for this section is calculated to be 9,000 Birr while that of the Woreda is estimated to be 11,500 Birr.

Table 8: Range of household’s income and number of affected households

Range of Households’ Income in Birr per year From 8,000.00 to 20,000.00 From 21,000.00 to 40,000.00 > 40,000.00 Number of 30 16 25 Households

3.2 Project Affected Public and Government Properties Table 9: Type and number of public utilities (Electric utilities) affected by the project

Description of Utility Kind and Quantity of Asset Total

Concrete Wooden (Quantity) (Quantity) Electricity poles 19 19 38 Electricity transformers 2 2 Telephone poles 5 5 Description of Utility Kind and Quantity of Asset Kind of pipeline Length of pipeline Remarks Water supply service Water pipeline 2,500 m Tokuma Tsige KA Water pipeline 1,500 m Bedhasa Jarso Source: Field survey, March 2017

3.3 Squatters No squatters were identified to be affected/was affected by the road construction activities in this section of the road. This is mainly because of the continuous and inclusive consultation conducted by the project and most importantly, the Kebele administration, religious leaders, and local elders were given sufficient awareness and engaged in the process of coordinating, identifying and registering PAPs. However, the RAP identifies a structure(round about) constructed by UKE municipality inside the right of way. The RAP also identifies that roundabout was constructed after the cut-off date and the municipality was adequately informed about the cutoff date and hence, the structure is ineligible for compensation.

3.4 Summary of Household Survey Household survey on the PAPs revealed that out of the 71 affected house owners:

• 61 house owners that are 85.92 % want to and can also remain on their remaining plot of land on the same site and the remaining 10 house owners want to relocate within the same neighborhood. ERA has proposed a site for the relocation of these households to the Kebele administration and Sassiga Woreda land administration office. The Woreda administration will avail the lands required whenever full resettlements are to be done on the PAPs.

• All PAPs have access to potable tape water from municipal water distribution point but only 9 (12.7%) households have water pipeline in their backyard and only two households do not have electricity in their houses;

• Although constructing replacement private houses is the responsibility of the respective owners, out of the 71 house owners, 8 needs special support to construct their own houses since they are vulnerable and they are not in a position to do so for various reasons. The

remaining 63 house owners prefer to get monetary compensation and construct their houses by their own. Furthermore, all house owners want to construct their houses during the rainy season since they can easily prepare mud and can get cheap labor during the rainy season. • In terms of capacity building of affected house owners to ensure their livelihood restoration, 15 households prefer to get trainings on small business, 39 on animal fattening and 17 on agriculture. The project does not take all the land of a farm, out of the 21 farmers whose farm land is affected, the largest loss in terms of percentage was only 16.12 % of the holding. Farmland owners whose affected farmland size greater than 5 % will participate in the training. Thus, nine of these farmers will participate in animal fattening training.

3.5 Conclusion The project affected households clearly indicated their interest on relocation option, type of compensation, and season of relocation. Thus, the ERA will implement monetary compensation payments in late May or early June so that the households can easily build their houses to relocate. If this is not accomplished as per their request, it could take longer time and require more resources, which can delay the project performance especially in Tokuma Tsige Kebele.

The relocation of utilities (water pipelines and electric poles) requires earnest commitment from ERA and the service providers. ERA must avail all the required resources for the relocation of the utility lines and the service providers must accomplish the relocation works as described below. The service providers will accomplish the relocation of these utility lines in an orchestrated manner without seriously hampering the users’ rights by relocating electric poles during the day time working for limited hours, communicating interruptions ahead of time, and by not starting relocation activities unless they are quite sure of the required materials to accomplish the assignment. Since the contractor has identified obstructions in this section in collaboration with the RAP preparation team, he/she can precede activities in section that are free of obstructions following the recommendations given in the ESMP.

4 Potential Beneficial and Adverse Impacts of Implementing the Project The identification and assessment of potential social impacts includes short and long-term, direct and indirect, permanent and temporary as well as positive and negative impacts. The significance, and hence acceptability, of potential impacts has been determined by the evaluation of the assessed impacts against socio – economic standards, public opinion, and expert judgment.

It is apparent that transport corridors increase access to markets, education, and health care facilities, and contribute to poverty reduction; but they are also open pathways for different forms of environmental degradation such as: deforestation (for corridors, camps, access and diversion routes), soil erosion (poor design and project management), ecosystem fragmentation (alignment), entry of new species of animals and plants without natural predators, water pollution (poor handling of waste materials), and air pollution through increased motorized vehicles that contribute through increased CO emissions [and other greenhouse gases-GHGs] especially in urban areas. The Nekempte – Anger Guten – Andhode road upgrading project identified the following beneficial and adverse social impacts.

4.1 Beneficial Impacts /Potential Positive Impacts The road upgrading project will involve the improvement of horizontal and vertical curves, widening of the road width, provision of parking lanes and pedestrian walkways in towns and villages, new drainage structures and replacement of substandard structures, proper side ditches and erosion protection structures, and asphalt pavements. In addition, it will integrate environmental mitigation and benefit enhancement measures. All these features will bring the following positive environmental and social consequences:

• It will minimize the prevailing dust pollution on the road which is nuisance to the roadside communities and that damages crops and vegetation along the road, • It will avoid the existing erosion from the gravel-surfaced road and minimize erosion from roadside ditches. This will minimize the impacts on downstream water quality resulting from erosion of particles from the road surfaces and side drains, which cause high turbidity and pollution, • It will improve sight distance/visibility for drivers and pedestrians, which in turn will reduce accident risks for both motorized and non-motorized traffic, and facilitate traffic flows. This is the result of improved geometry and widened carriageway, • It will reduce vehicle-operating costs, the need for imports of spare parts and travel time. This is the result of smoothening of surfaces and better geometry of the road; • Provision of pedestrian walkways and parking lanes in town and village sections will bring better safety for pedestrians and non-motorized vehicles. • This project facilitates the attraction of more agriculture and industry based investment especially related to fruits and vegetable production and exports; • Generation of employment through physical works for skilled, semi–skilled and unskilled labor along the road corridor by so doing the project would contribute to improvements of the local

economy; The contractor is expected to create employment opportunities for local laborers including women in general and give priority for female headed households in particular. • The project can assist the awareness raising activities in the fight against HTP, HIV/AIDS, traffic safety etc. during the construction work and beyond; • The project creates efficient and effective road transport access and reduction of costs of transport, facilitate travel and transport within the project area and to/and from other places in the project area and outside the project area. • The project is expected to further improve market opportunities, provide access to improved and better social service facilities, create improved communication, improve the supply of agricultural inputs, enhance investment and employment opportunities, and contribute to income generating activities. • The envisaged project has significant contribution in creating better access for Nekempte and Bure. • The project area possesses enormous potential of natural resources by virtue of its natural endowment. The project area is part of the region blessed with fertile soil, huge water bodies, and livestock. On the other hand, the area has a number of tourist attractions mainly the Blue Nile River from this side. • It is anticipated that in relation with the implementation of the road, additional service facilities will be constructed and more children and women will have sufficient access to schools and health services. • As the transport infrastructure is improved (so that mobility is enhanced and VOC and travel time are reduced), people from the Project and or elsewhere will be attracted to the area for investment; and this will positively contribute to growth in the micro- as well as the macro- economy.

4.2 Potential Adverse Impacts The major potential social impacts of the project road include:

• Temporary loss of 15.02 ha land (for one borrow pit that is 0.02 ha, two quarry sites that is 10.00 ha, and the main camp site that is 5 ha) and permanent loss of 4.0 ha of farmland and 2.6 ha of grazing land for the roadway; • 12 and 61 houses; respectively, will be partially and fully damaged leading to livelihood and economic impacts; as a result, a total of 73 houses will be expected to be displaced from the road ROW limits. • 1,254 meters long fence made of wood, plants and CIS will be damaged, • More than 4,000 m long water supply pipeline network will be relocated, which leads to disruption of water supply; • 38 electric poles (wooden and concrete) will be relocated that leads to continuous disruption of electric supply leading to challenge to the residents and business persons;

• 15,149 different trees of different sizes (Eucalyptus, Tid, Wanza, Bisana, Muka Arba, Reji, Mango, Banana, Gelano, Jakaranda, Jatropha, Avocado, Girawa, Gesho, Coffee, etc) will be directly affected; • Adverse socio – economic impact on women and vulnerable groups. The adverse impacts that will be created due to the construction of the project road will affect women more than men. Among the social impacts, resettlement/relocation of female-headed households and vulnerable PAPs may lead to the breakdown of social networks. Moreover, in the construction industry, usually women do not receive equal employment opportunities and payments for similar services. Such discrimination against women would negatively affect those women who want to work in the road construction work. In the project road, compensation payments and other related measures made for PAPs shall be done equally; and it will also take into consideration the interest of female-headed households and women in general. In order to ensure this, joint accounts must be opened to manage cash compensation. Women’s risks to STDs, unwanted pregnancies, and sexual violence may increase due to the influx of the construction workers in the area. There are 60 female-headed households in this section of the road which need special consideration and support during compensation payment and relocation and rehabilitation activities; • Soil, water resources and air pollution related to construction activities; • Traffic and occupational related accidents; • Spread of communicable diseases such as STDs including HIV/AIDS and malaria; • Pressure on available social services such as water supply and health facilities; • In this project the problem of squatter settlements seeking for compensation will also be expected. During asset identification activity, no person was found without legal documents within the RoW limit.

Table 10: Mitigation Measures Matrix

No Adverse Social Mitigation Measures Responsible Body Impacts 1 Loss of productive • Limiting land acquisition and Contractor and supervision assets that include earthmoving activities to the consultant, ERA’s RoW land, income, imperative area necessary for the Western region branch, Woreda livelihood and works, and Kebele Administrations in networks • Adopting ‘half-way’ construction association with sector bureaus method particularly for sections at Woreda level like bureaus of running through sensitive areas, agriculture and rural such as Tsige town and Bedhasa development, rural roads Jarso town sections and farmland authority, capacity building. areas;

No Adverse Social Mitigation Measures Responsible Body Impacts • Avoiding side-tipping of excavation materials onto adjacent farmlands and town sections especially from km 11 to 22; • Restoration of areas affected due to temporary activities especially borrow pit km 9+100, 9+800 10+400, and 14+400 including their access roads though progressive rehabilitation by marinating minimum slope and stockpiling top soil; • Remuneration payments at replacement rates or replacement of the lost productive assets. Income substitution and transfer costs during reestablishment plus income restoration measures in the case of lost livelihoods. 2 Loss of housing • Compensation for loss of the 73 ERA’s RoW Western region structures and public affected houses, relocation branch, zone sector bureaus of utilities and services. options and relocation sites the Ethio-telecom and development for the 61 fully Ethiopian Electric Utility, demolished houses, before Woreda and Kebele commencement of activities in Administration’s, Woreda’s those sections; Asset Valuation Committee, Resettlement Committee and lowest level sector bureaus of water, health, roads, schools and agriculture. 3 Loss of assets such as • Remuneration payments at ERA’s RoW Western region farmlands, grazing replacement rates or replacement branch, Woreda and Kebele land, trees and including important provisions up Administration’s, Woreda’s fences. to restitution of livelihoods to pre- Asset Valuation Committee project level or better through the sector bureaus like town livelihood restoration plan; administrations, agriculture and rural development, 4 Spread of • Execution of HIV/AIDS ERA’s social management communicable alleviation program at the team and the contractor in diseases such as collaboration with Woreda 41

No Adverse Social Mitigation Measures Responsible Body Impacts STDs including workplace based on the sectoral health bureaus and available HIV/AIDS and policy and KAP survey. non- malaria • Conduct awareness creation governmental organizations campaigns on the transmission of along the project corridor. STDs including HIV/AIDS to the Project workforces shall sign local communities living close to respect the workplace code of the workers’ campsite; conduct upon signing contract • Discourage the influx of sexual agreement to work with the workers from the major towns to project. the project area; Road contractor and • Provide and promote the use of Supervision ITN Consultant 5 Growth of squatters • This could be tamed by ERA’s ESMT, RoW Western and uncontrolled controlling ribbon developments region branch, and Woreda settlements and unlawful squatters in Administrations, the contractor collaboration with the lowest and supervision consultant, the administrative bodies after the Woreda cut-off-date; Asset Valuation Committee, • Provide squatters with Resettlement rehabilitation measures; Committee • Pay compensation for squatters for assets lost as per the law. 6 Pressure on local • These will be mitigated by The contractor and Kebele. facilities and services provision of independent basic due to influx of facilities and services to the people in search of working forces such as own clinic, jobs water supply system and getting electricity from the national grid, provision of transportation facilities to workforces and Ambulance;

7 Land acquisition for • Remuneration payment for the lost ERA’s ESMT and RoW the project activities productive asset or replacement of Western region branch, Woreda including for it with equal productive capacity. administrations, and Asset campsite, quarry site, • Select appropriate sites for camp, Valuation Committees. borrow pits, and spoil quarry, borrow and spoils as per areas. the recommendation of the ESIA;

No Adverse Social Mitigation Measures Responsible Body Impacts 8 Impact on women • The project shall give priority to all Contractor, Woreda and Kebele • The household these PAPs in securing their rights administrations, ERA’s ESMT survey in this to the type of property lost to the and RoW branches section revealed project. Furthermore, the project that there are 60 will provide job opportunity to vulnerable female these vulnerable households, and headed PAPs (32 their family members; tree owners, 1 • Ensure priority for these vulnerable farmland, 1 PAPs for livelihood restoration grazing land, 16 activities as per the interest of these houses, and 10 PAPs’ fence owners) • Provide the necessary support for those whose houses and fences affected. Give priority to secure replacement land for the farmers whose farmland and grazing land is affected, • Ensure women’s participation by developing guidelines and regulations; • Provide education and awareness creation on reproductive health, STDs including HIV/AIDs to all people residing in the project influence area. 9 Impact on road safety • Post traffic signs as appropriate ERA, Contractor, Supervision along the paved roads, at the Consultant working stations and detours; • Provide alternative pedestrian walkways, or crossings during construction works; • Put traffic signage that warns drivers and pedestrians to take safety measures in local languages; • Train drivers and other road users with traffic management and safety measures; • Encourage the contractor workers use personal protective equipment /PPE/ during operation.

No Adverse Social Mitigation Measures Responsible Body Impacts • Deploy 2 up to 3 flagmen at each structure construction sites, heavy machinery operation area and more wherever necessary; 10 Impact caused due to • Select campsites at reasonable ERA, the Contractor, labor influx distances from the local Supervision Consultant, Local communities’ residences to administrations avoid/minimize resource competition, direct contacts that might cause noise pollution and the spread of STDs including HIV/AIDS; Contractor shall establish a Code of Conduct to be signed by its employees. 11 Impact on child labor • Observe the FDRE labor law ERA, the Contractor, during employment; Supervision Consultant, Local • Take strict measures against administrations employment of children below the age of 18. • Work with the local administrations to aware the community about the child labor laws. • Contractor shall establish a Code of Conduct to be signed by its employees.

5 Policy, Legal , Institutional and Administrative Framework This section describes the policy, legal, Institutional and administrative framework in two sections: national and international that will guide the implementation of the project road. It reviews the key and critical aspects of the legal procedures of Ethiopia including the federal constitution and other related proclamations and the World Bank’s safeguard policies and requirements.

5.1 National Policies and Legal Framework 5.1.1 The FDRE Constitution The Constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, which entered into force as of August 21st 1995, forms the fundamental basis for enactment of specific legislative instruments governing environmental matters at National level. In Ethiopia, land ownership and expropriation is basically a constitutional issue. It is because of this that FDRE constitution is discussed in this RAP.

Land in Ethiopia is a public property and that no individual person has the legal right of ownership, and hence, rural or urban land could not be sold or mortgaged or transferred; citizens have usufruct right only over land. A usufruct right gives the user of the land the right to use and the right to benefit from the fruits of her/his labor which may be crops, trees, etc. found on the land or any permanent works such as buildings etc. According to the Constitution of Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (FDRE) article 40.3, land is a public property that no individual person has the legal right of ownership. There is no private ownership of land in Ethiopia, as per FDRE constitution Article 40 (the Right to property) No.2, “Land is a common property of the Ethiopian Nations, Nationalities and Peoples of Ethiopia and shall not be subject to sale or to other means of exchange”.

The Constitution Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia clearly states that the Government has the right to expropriate private property for public use subject to payment in advance of compensation commensurate to the value of the property. The FDRE Constitution (Article 40, No. 8) states that the Government has the right to expropriate private property for public purposes by providing the appropriate compensation.

FDRE Constitution lays down the basis for the property to be compensated in case of expropriation as a result of State programs or projects in both rural and urban areas. Persons who have lost their land as a result of acquisition of such land for the purpose of public projects are entitled to be compensated to a similar land plus the related costs arising from relocation; assets such as buildings, crops or fruit trees that are part of the land etc. The law does not make any limit on the rural land use right for peasant farmers, semi pastoralists and pastoralists. If the government wants the land for public use farmers will be compensated for the property and crop on the land.

In accordance with the proclamation rural land administration and land use, agricultural land can be transferred to immediate family members, mainly to children and very close relatives. Children who lost their parents shall have the right to use rural land through legal guardians until they attain 18

years of age. A person who wants to make his living through agriculture will have access to rural land from his parents by donation, inheritance or from the competent authority.

Women have equal right and access to rural land if they want to be engaged in agricultural activities as FDRE constitution. A land that belongs to household is registered under the name of the wife and the husband and holding entitlement now belongs to both.

Hence, Article 40 No.7 FDRE Constitution states the right of citizens to develop the land and to have immovable property and make permanent improvements.

“Every Ethiopian shall have the full right to the immovable property he builds and to the permanent improvements he brings about on the land by his labor or capital. This right shall include the right to alienate, to bequeath, and, where the right use expires, to remove his property, transfer his title, or claim compensation for it. Particulars shall be determined by law”.

Article 40, No. 8 of the Constitution, states that if the land that is used by an individual is expropriated for public use, the person is entitled for compensation; “… the Government has the right to expropriate private property for public purposes subject to payment in advance of compensation commensurate to the value of property”.

Regarding displacement of the public due to development projects, the FDRE Constitution of Article 44 (Environmental Rights) No.2 states that:

“All persons who have been displaced or whose livelihoods have been adversely affected as a result of state programs have the right to commensurate monetary or alternative means of compensation, including relocation with adequate state assistance”.

Above all, the Ethiopian Constitution recognizes the presence of different sociocultural groups, including historically disadvantaged and underserved communities, pastoralists, and minorities, as well as their rights to socioeconomic equity and justice.

Article 39 of the Ethiopian Constitution recognizes the rights of groups identified as “Nations, Nationalities and Peoples”. They are defined as “a group of people who have or share a large measure of common culture or similar customs, mutual intelligibility of language, belief in a common or related identities, a common psychological make-up, and who inhabit an identifiable, predominantly contiguous territory.” This represents some 75 out of the 80 groups who are members of the House of Federation, which is the second chamber of the Ethiopian legislature. The Constitution recognizes the rights of these Nations, Nationalities and Peoples to: self-determination, including the right to secession; speak, write and develop their own languages; express, develop and promote their cultures; preserve their history; and, self-government, which includes the right to establish institutions of government in the territory that they inhabit and equitable representation in state and Federal governments. Although, the project target communities do not belong to the above groups, however, the implementation of this project will respect the spirit and intent of the constitution and will provide

special assistance to vulnerable groups, impacted by land take and disruption of economic activities in the target communities.

In a section that deals with economic, social and cultural rights, Article 41 (9) sets out the State responsibilities to protect and preserve historical and cultural legacies:

The Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage Proclamation No. 209/2000 of Ethiopia defines cultural heritage broadly as “anything tangible or intangible which is the product of creativity and labor of man in the pre-history and history times, that describes and witnesses to the evolution of nature and which has a major value in its scientific, historical, cultural, artistic and handcraft content.”

Prior approval of the Authority for Research and Conservation of Cultural Heritage is required to remove from its original site of an immovable cultural heritage (Art. 21/1). Whenever registered, movable cultural heritage is encountered during the execution of the project it is possible to remove such property by notifying the Authority in advance (Art. 21/2).

Any person who destroys or damages cultural heritage intentionally shall be punished with imprisonment not less than 10 years and not exceeding 20 years

(Art. 45/2/).

5.1.2 FDRE Legislation on Expropriation of Land Holdings (Proclamation No. 455/2005) The Government of FDRE has issued legislation in July 2005 for the expropriation of landholdings, which is known as “Expropriation of Land Holdings for Public Purposes and Payment of Compensation (Proclamation No. 455/2005).” The objectives of the proclamation are to minimize and mitigate the impacts due to the expropriation of landholdings for public purposes. The proclamation clarifies and defines who has the power to expropriate landholdings either in urban or rural sections of the country. As per the proclamation, the power of expropriation of landholdings mainly rests on Woreda or urban administration authorities. Article 3 No.1 of the proclamation states that:

“A Woreda or an urban administration shall, upon payment in advance of compensation in accordance with this proclamation, have the power to expropriate rural or urban landholdings for public purpose where it believes that it will be used for a better development project to be carried out by public entities, private investors, cooperative societies or other organs, or where such expropriation has been decided by the appropriate higher regional or federal government organ for the same purpose.”

A land holder whose land has been expropriated for public use by the concerned government authorities is entitled for compensation for his property situated on the land and for the permanent improvements he made on the land. The amount compensation to be paid for the property situated on the expropriated land will be determined or calculated on the basis of full replacement cost. For

houses in urban areas, the amount of compensation will not be less than the current market value of construction.

Woreda or urban administration once received details on land acquisition for the construction works from ERA has to notify in writing to the entity (which is either an individual or an organization) to be expropriated indicating the time not less than 90 days when the land has to be vacated and the amount of compensation to be paid. The PAPs once notified will be immediately compensated for lost assets and properties prior to their relocation or vacating the land.

A rural land holder, where his land does not have any crop or other property on the expropriated land will hand over within 30 days. The proclamation also clarifies how utility lines that are owned and provided by Federal or Regional government offices, or by a public enterprise will be treated and compensated. Utility lines could only be removed from expropriated land by payment of compensation. The project owner has the responsibility to inform the utility provider in writing by indicating the exact location of the lines that will be removed.

The utility provider is responsible in determining the amount compensation which is required for replacing the lines within 30 days of notice; and the body which requested the removal of utility line has also to pay compensation within 30 days from the date of the receipt of the valuation. Any expropriated property; in addition to the amount of compensation payment it will also receive a provision for cost of removal, transportation and erection.

Concerning displacement compensation for rural land holdings; A rural landholder whose land holding has been permanently expropriated shall, also be paid displacement compensation equivalent to ten times the average annual income he secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land (Part 3, article 8).

The above proclamation also states that the valuation of property shall be determined on the basis of valuation formula to be adopted at national level by the Ministry of Federal Affairs. However, until such time valuation of properties will be carried out by property valuation committees to be established both in rural and urban areas as stated in article 10 of the proclamation.

In addition to this there are various proclamations applicable for this RAP such as: FDRE Council of Ministers Regulation (Proclamation No. 135/2007), Rural Land Administration and Land use Proclamation, economic policy of Ethiopia Involuntary resettlement, and other policies described in the RPF.

5.1.3 Review of the National and ERA’s HIV/AIDS Policies Ethiopia is one of the countries in the world that is facing HIV/AIDS pandemics. Having understood the magnitude of the HIV/AIDS pandemic and its paramount impacts on the socioeconomic development of the country, the FDRE issued a Policy on HIV/AIDS in 1998, which calls for an integrated effort of multi-sectoral response to control the epidemic. The National HIV/AIDS Policy urges communities at large, including government ministries, local governments and the civil society

to assume responsibility for carrying out HIV/AIDS awareness and prevention campaigns. The general objective of the policy is to provide an enabling environment for the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in the country. In order to address the problem and coordinate the prevention and control activities at national level, in 2000 National AIDS Council was established under the Chairmanship of the country’s President, and in 2002 HIV/AIDS Prevention and Control Office was established.

The transport sector, to which ERA belongs, is among the most susceptible sectors for the spread of HIV/AIDS. It was in recognizance of this that ERA has issued Sectoral Policy for HIV/AIDS in the Work places of ERA in June 2004. The policy acknowledges that HIV/AIDS is a reality in the work places, which may have detrimental effects on its work force. The policy is prepared with the objectives of developing and implementing an effective workplace program. Some of the policy objectives of ERA’s HIV/AIDS policy are to create awareness among its employees and promote effective ways to managing HIV/AIDS and to create supportive environment for those affected.

The principles of the policy are to ensure that employees living with HIV/AIDS have the same right and obligations; to avoid discriminations and stigmatization of employees with HIV/AIDS to receive equal treatment; seek to minimize the social and development consequences, provide support counseling and educational services to infected and affected employees; to establish and maintain an employee assistance program and ensure sustainable resource for the prevention and control.

ERA has prepared a sectoral policy for HIV/AIDS in the workplaces of ERA (June, 2004). In the Policy, ERA acknowledges the fact that the HIV/AIDS pandemic is a reality in the work place and may have detrimental effects on the goals and objectives of the Authority.

Therefore, the authority:

• Commits itself to create a supportive and nondiscriminatory working environment through dispelling of myths and stereotypes and by ensuring that infected employees are treated in the same manner as other employees, • Seeks to minimize the social, economic and developmental consequences to the authority and its staff, • Undertakes that management will provide resources and leadership to implement program for the prevention and control of the HIV/AIDS and sexually transmitted Diseases (STDs), • Commits itself to offering support, counseling and education services to infected and affected employees; • Commits itself to establish and maintain an employee assistance program, and • Insures sustainable resources for the prevention and control of HIV/AIDS.

The ERA task force is responsible and accountable for all programs for prevention and control of HIV/ AIDS in the authority. The ERA's environmental monitoring and safety branch through the

HIV/AIDS program coordinators is responsible for coordinating, implementing, monitoring and evaluating the policy provisions.

5.1.4 Review of the ERA’s Resettlement/Rehabilitation Policy Framework ERA’s resettlement/rehabilitation policy framework (RPF), issued in February 2002 and revised in December 2006, contains various elements that ERA will follow regarding compensation procedures. The overall objective of the policy framework is to clarify the principles of social impact operations. Moreover, it also clarifies the principles of reinforcement measures for the positive social impacts and mitigation measures for addressing negative social impacts induced by road projects.

The policy framework stresses the need to consult and compensate PAPs in relation to resettlement or relocation and for loss of assets and properties that are affected due to construction of road projects.

Regarding compensation procedures and establishing compensation rates, ERA establishes compensation committees at project area level by enlisting representatives from government offices and representatives of PAPs. The compensation committees have the function of conducting the registration of affected properties and the number of PAPs and determining the compensation rates.

If a dispute arises regarding the amount of compensation to be paid to the project affected persons, recourse is available to the courts. However, aggrieved PAPs will also have a chance to make their complaints to the Right of Way (RoW) agent, the consultant and finally to the compensation committee.

In general, the operational objective of the framework is to provide guidelines to stakeholders participating in the resettlement operations in order to ensure that project-affected-persons (PAPs) will not be impoverished by the adverse social impact of the projects. The basic principles imply that PAPs will be:

• Compensated for loss of assets at replacement cost. • Given the opportunities to share project benefit. • Be assisted in case of relocation or resettlement.

The focus will be on restoring the income earning capacity of the project-affected persons. The aim will be to improve or at least sustain living conditions prior to project operation or resettlement. The legal framework in general deals with operational procedures, legal framework for expropriation and compensation, institutional framework, socio-economic background of PAPs, social impacts of the road rehabilitation program, valuation procedures, consultation and participation procedure, and monitoring and evaluation arrangements.

5.2 Review of International and Regional Agreements Over and above the national environmental legislations indicated above, the FDRE is also a party to the regional and international conventions and protocols pertaining to environment worth mentioning for this project.

These Conventions and Protocols include:

• Convention concerning the Protection of World Cultural and Natural Heritage, ratified in 1972. • Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species (CITES), ratified in 1989. • Vienna Convention on Ozone Layer Protection (1990); • Montreal Protocol for Substances Depleting the Ozone Layer (1990); • Framework Convention on Climate, ratified in 1994. • Convention on Biological Diversity, ratified in 1994. • African Convention on the Conservation on Natural Resources. • Convention on Desertification ratified 1997. • Convention on Biodiversity (Rio convention) (1997); • Framework Convention of United Nations on Climate Change (1997); and • Convention on the Control of Trans-boundary Movement of Hazardous Substances.

5.3 World Bank Operational Principles The main objectives of the World Bank Safeguard Policies are to ensure that environmental and social issues are evaluated in decision making, reduce and manage risk of project/program, and provide a mechanism for consultation and disclosure of information. The World Bank has 10 environmental, social, and legal Safeguard Policies, of which the ones that are likely triggered by the proposed Nekempte – Anger Guten – Andhode Road Project are:

• OP/BP 4.01 Environmental Assessment (EA) and Operational Policy 4.04: Natural Habitats, and Operational Policy/Bank Procedure 4.36 (forests policy) are discussed in details in the ESIA and ESMP documents;

5.3.1 OP/BP 4.12 Involuntary Resettlement The World Bank (WB) has set a policy and procedures on involuntary resettlement (OP/BP 4.12). The policy addresses the need for the treatment of project impacts, which cannot be avoided. The policy also sets eligibility criteria, resettlement instruments and monitoring, and other provisions. The objectives of the WB policy include:

• Involuntary resettlement will be avoided where feasible, or minimized, exploring all viable alternative project designs; • Where it is not feasible to avoid resettlement, resettlement activities will be conceived and executed as sustainable development programs, providing sufficient investment resources to enable persons displaced by the project to share in project benefits. Displaced will be meaningfully consulted and will have opportunities to participate in planning and implementing resettlement programs;

• Displaced persons will be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods and standards of living or at least to restore them, in real terms, to pre displacement levels or to levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher.

The World Bank Operational Policy (OP 4.12) includes safeguards to address and mitigate the involuntary resettlement of PAPs. The World Bank’s Policy objectives urge that involuntary resettlement be avoided whenever possible. If unavoidable, displaced persons need to:

• Share in project benefits; • Participate in planning and implementation of resettlement programs, assisted and • Be assisted in their efforts to improve their livelihoods or standard of livings or at least; to restore them, in real terms, to pre-displacement levels or levels prevailing prior to the beginning of project implementation, whichever is higher. Thus, the objective of this policy is to either avoid or minimize involuntary resettlement where feasible, exploring all viable alternative project designs, assist displaced persons in improving their former living standards, income earning capacity, and production levels, or at least in restoring them, encourage community participation in planning and implementing resettlement, and provide assistance to affected people regardless of the legality of land tenure.

This policy will be triggered by the Nekempte–Anger Guten–Andhode Road Project since its implementation is likely to displace families residing along the road, particularly along the section in Nekempte, Tsige, Lelistu Anger, and Anger Guten towns and along the section.

5.3.2 Eligibility Criteria The ERA/RPF Policy Framework is in line with the eligibility criteria contained in OP 4.12 of the World Bank’s operational manual and Involuntary Resettlement Policy. Accordingly, compensation for lost assets and replacement costs is made for both titled and untitled land holders and property owners. In this project the absence of formal titles will not be a barrier to resettlement assistance and rehabilitation. All PAPs and organizations losing land, buildings/houses, crops or sources of income will be compensated or rehabilitated according to the types and amount of their loss (permanent or temporary) at replacement cost. All PAPS, with or without legal tile, are taken into consideration and accounted for. Also, due compensation will be paid for public utilities, telephone and electricity poles as well as water distribution points and water pipelines. ` Compensation, both small and large amounts, will be paid either in cash or by cheque, following the agreement with the individual PAP’s. Disbursements will be ensured by ERA and will take place in the presence of the compensation committee as well as the spouse or spouses of the individual PAPs.

The cut-off date for compensation eligibility has been set at August, 2016. A careful count and identification of the existing properties and affected persons has been conducted together with local officials. Thus, any person who constructs a house or a structure in the right-of-way after the cut-off date will not be eligible to compensation or subsidies. The date has been made public to the people and to the local officials through public consultations after the cut -of- date.

5.4 Comparison between national law on land use and Bank OP 4.12 There are issues where national law and the Bank law differ in land entitlements definition in relation to the date when land is owned by individuals. There are discrepancies between the national law and the World Bank’s operational principles concerning compensation for activities that encroach the RoW before the cut–off– date.

The law relating to land administration in Ethiopia is varied; entitlements for payments of compensation are essentially based on right of ownership. The Bank’s OP 4.12 is fundamentally different from this and states that affected persons are entitled to some form of compensation whether or not they have legal titles if they occupy the land before the cut-off-date.

While OP 4.12 requires that compensation be completed prior to the start of the project, there are no similar timetables set out in Ethiopian laws or regulations. Additionally, there is no provision for relocation assistance, transitional support or the provision of civic infrastructure under Ethiopian law.

Additionally, Ethiopian law does not make any specific accommodation for squatters or illegal settlers, other than recognition of some use-rights, such as when settlers can claim rights to the land. OP 4.12 requires that affected communities be consulted regarding project implementation and resettlement. Affected communities will also receive the opportunity to participate, implement, and monitor resettlement. However, Ethiopian law states that, when it is determined that a right of way must be established, the expropriation rights of the State take precedence, although the Constitution protects the individual’s use-rights.

Ethiopian law makes no specific accommodations for potentially vulnerable groups such as women, children, the elderly, ethnic minorities, indigenous people, the landless, and those living under the poverty line. These groups are at highest risk to experience negative effects due to resettlement, and will receive special consideration during the preparation of a resettlement policy framework to assure that they can maintain at least the same standard of living after displacement takes place. Finally, there is also no provision in the law that the state will attempt to minimize involuntary resettlement. However, this appears to be implicit in the country’s constitution.

Therefore, as this is a Bank funded project, the principles of OP 4.12 are not negotiable. The Bank’s OP 4.12 must be adhered to. As a result, all the land to be acquired by the governments for this project

would be so acquired subject to the laws of Ethiopia and the Bank OP 4.12. Where there is conflict, the stricter policy regulation in favor of PAPs must take precedence.

5.5 Gaps between the Ethiopian Legislations and the World Bank Policies The preparation and content of this RAP is within Ethiopia’s existing legal and administrative framework and that of the World Bank’s policy on involuntary resettlement. The Ethiopian law and regulations and requirements for resettlement and rehabilitation are not fully compatible and it has some difference with that of the WB. In case of conflict or gaps between the Federal Democratic republic of Ethiopia’s law and the World Bank Policies, OP 4.12 will prevail as the final and this RAP will be an international credit agreement between the Government of Ethiopia and the WB.

Table 11: Gaps between Ethiopian Law and WB Policy

Section Ethiopian Law World Bank Policy Gap filling measures Squatters and The Ethiopian law doesn’t OP 4.12 states that As per the RPF in this illegal settlers accommodate squatters and squatters are provided project squatters will illegal settlers. resettlement assistance be considered to have in lieu of equal rights for compensation for the compensation for the land they occupy, and land they occupy and other assistance, as other assistance necessary, to achieve indicated in the the objectives set out in policy. this policy, if they occupy the project area prior to a cut-off date Assistance to The law doesn’t provide any WB policy states that Tenants will be tenants assistance for those tenants tenants will be provided with rent and renting houses either from provided with rent and related supports and individuals or government. related supports and income restoration It only mentions provision of with income measures. rehabilitation support to the restoration measures. extent possible. It doesn’t specify what this rehabilitation support will be and how it will be provided. Grievance Fails to recognize that PAPs WB policy recognizes In the course of redress will have a voice by electing that PAPs will be implementation of this their representatives to the represented and that RAP, PAPs will have arbitrational tribunal or their grievances their representatives at being represented in the addressed. all levels of the other committees. administrative structure including Kebeles and all the grievances of every single PAP will be properly addressed by the Grievance redress committee Compensation The Ethiopian law also PAPs will be given a During the payment and doesn’t make clear number of supports implementation of the relocation provisions for relocation including socio RAP, PAPs will be related costs and it also does economic support, provided with not mention about provision infrastructural and livelihood options to of social infrastructures and livelihood restoration ensure livelihood facilities for resettled/ measures restoration; with due 55

Section Ethiopian Law World Bank Policy Gap filling measures relocated persons in their attention to vulnerable new location. groups. Location Ethiopia’s law fails to Compensation For the PAPs of this Advantage consider the location payment will consider project compensation advantage that both business all the benefits PAPs payment will consider and residential houses will will lose by being all their benefits have on compensation relocated and which they might lose estimate. compensation due to their relocation. estimates are made on Moreover, the basis of compensation replacement cost and estimates are made on consider market values the basis of in relation to the replacement cost location advantage of taking market values the lost property and into consideration. asset. Involvement The Ethiopian law also does Clearly states the For the of NGOs and not clearly show how NGOs, involvement of non- implementation of this CBOs CBOs and Faith based state actors such as RAP non state actors organization can participate NGOs /CBOs in may be involved in the and contribute. monitoring and monitoring and providing socio providing socio economic support to economic support to displaced populations. PAPs. Support to Does not have any provision Bank policy gives For the successful vulnerable to assist Vulnerable and high importance that implementation of the groups disadvantaged groups. vulnerable groups will project, vulnerable be given fair treatment groups will be given and also receive better treatment and support in training and also receive support in rehabilitation training and measures. rehabilitation measures. LRP Doesn’t have any provision Bank policy gives high The project will to restore PAPs livelihood important that people’s prepare detail apart from paying livelihood is fully livelihood restoration compensation for the lost restored plan as outline in this asset RAP and implemented it accordingly.

Section Ethiopian Law World Bank Policy Gap filling measures Consultation Does not explicitly specify OP 4.12 requires that The project shall and disclosure consultation with affected affected communities be ensure adequate, of information persons through the process consulted regarding project inclusive and and no requirement of implementation, participatory document disclosure opportunity to participate, consultation is implement, and monitor implemented and resettlement activities. all project documents are publicly disclosed.

Cut of date Nothing is said on the cut-off date Cut-off date should be set on the Proclamation 455/2005 or Persons occupying the and communicated on the constitution. program area after the cut-properly with all key off date are not eligible for stakeholders including compensation and/or PAPs and apply whenever resettlement assistance. needed Similarly, fixed assets established after the cutoff date are not eligible for compensation.

ERA’s RPF also does not take WB policy does not take No gap. into account depreciation and into account the salvage materials in depreciation of the asset Salvage value determining replacement cost. and value of salvage materials in determining the replacement cost. 5.6 Institutional and Administrative Framework 5.6.1 Federal Government The Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia is administered through a hierarchical system of National Regional States, Zones (within Regions), Woredas (similar to districts) and Kebeles (lower level Administrative units. The Federal Government acts from the centre to the regions and localities, and its respective duties and authority including fiscal matters at the different levels (Federal, Regional and Local) have been defined by the Constitution.

5.6.2 National Regional Government The duties and responsibilities of the National Regional States include planning, directing and developing social and economic programs as well as the administration, development and protection of natural resources of their respective regions; establishment of a State administration that advances self-government and democratic order, protection of the Federal Constitution; enactment of the State constitutions and subordinate laws; formulation and execution of economic, social and development policies, strategies and plans of the State; administration of land and other natural resources in accordance with Federal laws; 57

establishment and administration of the state police force; maintaining public order and peace within the State and Establish Sectoral Bureau, Commissions and Authorities. The role of zonal administration is to liaison between the Regional and Woreda administrations in overall socioeconomic matters.

5.6.3 .Local Government

In the project areas, the nearest and strongest local administration is the Woreda which is a governmental organization structured to implement the Federal and Regional Government policy and regulation. The Administration of the Woreda is led by a Chief Executive Administrator and Deputy Administrator at the top, while under him/her there are different sector offices led by appointed office heads from Woreda Council Members. The heads of the different offices at Woreda level form a cabinet and they are responsible for the implementation of development and service programs of the respective Woreda. Woreda Council is the other organ that exists at Woreda level and its main roles and responsibilities are to follow up the implementation of laws, rules and regulations that are passed by the Federal and the National Regional Governments. Woreda Council is headed by two spokesmen as a Chief and the second as a Deputy. At the district level, the Woredas are a key focus of the government's commitment to decentralized delivery of services. The various departments at the Woreda level have specialists who advise development agents (DA) working at the village level. They are called upon to provide inputs and management controls related to soil and water conservation, small scale irrigation development, rainwater harvesting, road development and water supply, sanitation and waste management associated with rehabilitated schools and clinics. More specifically, the Woreda administration is responsible for: ▪ Implementation of the policies, laws and directives of the State. ▪ Co-ordination of the activities of various offices in the Woreda. ▪ Maintenance of peace and security in the Woreda directing the police and security forces. ▪ Planning and implementing projects. ▪ Supervision of development programs within the Woreda. The Kebele is the lowest administrative level structure and usually may occupy sub kebeles. The main responsibilities of kebele administration include preparing an annual Kebele development plan; ensuring the collection of land and agricultural income tax; organizing local labor and in-kind contributions to development activities; and resolving conflicts within the community through the social courts. However, there are significant capacity gaps in designing, planning and implementing programs and projects at this level , which have been affecting the quality of the implementation of policies and programs at local level. The Woreda offices have serious shortage of staff both in number and qualification, and staff turnover is also high.

5.6.4 Ethiopian Roads Authority

The Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) is an autonomous Federal Government office and is accountable to the Ministry of Transport. It is re-established for the second time by the council of Minister’s regulation No. 247/2011. ERA is managed by a Board whose members are assigned by the Government and its day to day management is carried out by a Director General that is assigned by the Government.

The objectives for its reestablishment are to develop and administer roads, create conducive conditions for the coordinated development of road networks; and ensure the maintenance of standards in road construction.

The construction of roads requires land acquisition and expropriation for the ROW, Access road construction, Campsites, Quarry sites; borrow pit and other similar activities. According to the reestablishment of proclamation of ERA; it is responsible for the preparation of RAP for road projects and to initiate land acquisition and expropriation. As stated in its powers and duties ERA is responsible for the following activities that are directly related to land acquisition and many others.

• Prepare or cause the preparation of designs and feasibility, environmental and other related studies required for road works;

• determining the extent of land required for its activities in the adjacency of roads;

• cause the use of, free of charge, land and quarry substances required for the purpose of road works, camp, offices, storage of equipment and other related services;

• acquire land required for road works by paying compensation for land possessors and property owners in accordance with the law;

• to take necessary measures to protect the environment whenever road works are undertaken. ERA's Environmental and Social Management Team (ESMT)

ERA has established an Environmental and Social Management Team (ESMT) within the Planning and Program Management Directorate to address environmental and social issues arising from the road development program. The main responsibilities of the unit will include: ▪ Advising senior management and assisting in the decision-making process on all road sector environmental and social issues; ▪ Ensuring that environmental and social issues are adequately addressed in connection with the activities of all ERA departments and divisions; ▪ Carrying out or supervising EIAs and RAPs for road sector projects. Right-of-Way Management Teams (ROWMT)

Following ERA's restructuring which took place in 2010 five Right-of-Way Management Teams, have been organized under each Regional Directorate. The ROW Management teams under ERA’s Design and Build Contract Management Directorate is responsible for making available the required land for road/highway construction and maintenance, the establishment of materials sources (borrower pits and quarries) and camp sites and for implementation of Resettlement Action Plans (RAP). The Right-of-Way Management Teams are responsible to identify and register all the PAPs and measure all affected properties and assets and also estimate its costs in liaison with the respective Woreda compensation and property valuation committees. Once the identification and registration of PAPs and their affected properties and assets is completed the ROW agent will review and send ERA’s Design and Build Contract Management Directorate to effect the payment. 59

The Design and Build Contract Management Directorate is under the Legal Affairs Service Division which is accountable to the Director General of ERA. Some of the activities and responsibilities assigned for the division consist of drafting, reviewing, analysing and approving construction contract documents. Contract awarding with other assigned members of committee is the other responsibility of the division in the authority. The legal affairs service division develops and implements strategies for claims and dispute resolutions which serve as inputs to the ROW Management Teams and regional legal advocates. ERA's Legal Affairs Service Directorate

The Legal Affairs Service Directorate is accountable to the Director General of ERA. Some of the activities and responsibilities assigned for the Directorate consist of drafting, reviewing, analyzing and approving construction contract documents. Contract awarding with other assigned members of committee is the other responsibility of the Directorate. The Directorate develops and implements strategies for claims and dispute resolutions which serve as inputs to the ROW Management Teams and regional legal advocates.

5.6.5 National Regional State

Since this road project is fully located in Oromia National Regional State, it has an important and significant role to play in the implementation of this RAP by giving guidance and in coordinating the Administrative zones and Woredas crossed by the project road. According to the Constitution of FDRE, Regional States have the duties and responsibilities for planning, directing and developing social and economic programs, as well as the administration, development and protection of resources of their respective regions.

Hence, the Oromia National Regional State is the major stakeholder in the coordination and implementation of this RAP and other associated activities.

5.6.6 Woreda Administration The Woreda administration offices that are located along the project road corridor will have a major role and responsibility in the planning and implementation of the resettlement activities in their respective localities. The respective Woreda administration will be the main contact and is also responsible to facilitate the relocation of PAPs and work closely with ERA's ROW Agents. The respective Woreda Administration will be responsible in establishing Resettlement and Implementation Committee and the Property valuation committees; in coordinating the valuation process and facilitate compensation for PAP; in facilitating land for land compensation, facilitating the relocation sites and the restoration of services, and maintain data of properties removed from expropriated land.

The respective Woreda level sectoral offices, such as, agriculture, environment, justice and water play important roles in the implementation of this RAP in participating in compensation, property valuation and grievance committees.

5.6.7 Kebele Administration Kebele administration units are the smallest unit of administration in Ethiopia and that has its own elected council and executive body. Kebele administration provides advice on the fairness

in relocation process and valuation of compensation and coordinates on the support to be made for vulnerable groups. They work closely with the Woreda resettlement/compensation committee and property valuation committee. Kebele administration has the direct contact with PAPs and the focal point to address the problems issues to be raised by PAPs.

6 Eligibility Criteria and Entitlements Matrix The October 2013, RPF and the environmental procedure manual of the ERA clearly sets the eligibility criteria for resettlement/relocation of PAPs. The aforementioned documents are organized in line with the eligibility criteria set in the Federal Constitution and the World Bank’s OP/BP 4.12 on involuntary resettlement.

The FDRE’s constitution, ERA’s environmental procedure manual and the Bank's policy objective requires to at least maintaining the level of living conditions of PAPs in situations under "without–project" scenario, a strategy for enabling them maintain their former standard of living needs to be linked to what PAPs have lost. Therefore, PAPs by land acquisition, and relocation and/or rehabilitation of structures/assets, are entitled to a combination of compensation measures and resettlement assistance, depending on the nature of ownership rights of lost assets and scope of the impact, including social and economic vulnerability of the affected persons. In general terms, the PAPs will be entitled to various types of compensation and resettlement assistance that will ensure those to restore their livelihoods, at least, to the pre- project standards.

Thus, the following criteria are adopted for this RAP:

• Those who have formal legal right to land (including customary and traditional rights recognized by law of the country); • Those who do not have formal legal rights to land at the time the census begins but have a claim to such lands or assets - provided that such claims are recognized under the laws of the country or can become recognized through a process identified in the resettlement plan; • Those who have spouses will open joint bank account that both husbands and wives could benefit equally with the compensation money they receive; and • Those who have no recognizable legal right or claim to the land they are occupying.

It is also evident that some PAPs may not be eligible for resettlement and there may be encroachers to the RoW or some new inflow of people into the RoW seeking eligibility for compensation. Hence, those persons who encroach on the area after a ‘cut-off date’ will be subject to expropriation and will not be entitled for compensation. During Public consultations and meetings held with local officials, it was confirmed that local authorities agreed to ensure that no person will be allowed to encroach to the RoW after the cutoff date, which is from August 09, 2016, where the household survey was carried out.

However, during implementation of this RAP each affected Household head or individual person or party that claim entitlement have to prove their rights over the immovable to be expropriated in order to qualify as a legitimate owner to receive compensation in line with the applicable policy framework outlined above.

Squatters (in urban or rural areas) and encroachers (into community and state forest areas) may be relatively recent arrivals on unused land. If such people arrived before the entitlements cut- 62

off date they are eligible for compensation for any structures, crops or land improvements that they will lose. The government will pay the equivalent amount of relocation/rehabilitation assistance.

For squatters who do not depend on agriculture, Woreda officials will identify alternative income restoration options in close consultation with the squatters themselves. Squatters who occupy right of way will be provided with housing or income-earning opportunities elsewhere.

Based on analysis of the impact of the project and the criteria for eligibility, the entitlement matrix proposes eligibility and payments for all kinds of losses (e.g., land, housing, businesses, and temporary loss of income, displacement, and moving costs). It sets standards for compensation. The following entitlement matrix is developed based on categories of PAPs according to losses and their entitlement benefits.

Table 12: Entitlement Matrix

Land & Assets Types of Impact Person(s)Affected Compensation/Entitlement/Benefits Cash compensation Cash compensation for affected land equivalent to replacement value, Farmer/ title holder for affected land taking into account market values for the land. equivalent to market Agricultural value. Less than 20% Cash compensation for the harvest or product from the affected land land or asset, equivalent to average market value of last 3 years, or market of land holding Tenant/ lease holder affected Land remains value of the crop for the remaining period of tenancy/ lease agreement, economically viable. whichever is greater. Land for land replacement where feasible or compensation in cash for the entire landholding according to PAP’s choice, taking into account market values for the land. Land for land replacement will be in terms of a new parcel of land of equivalent size and productivity with a secure tenure status at an Greater than 20% of available location which is acceptable to PAPs. Transfer of the land land holding lost Farmer/ Title holder to PAPs shall be free of taxes, registration and other costs. Land does not become Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + assistance in re-establishing economically viable. economic trees + allowance up to a maximum of 12 months while short- term crops mature) Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + assistance in re-establishing economic trees + allowance up to a maximum of 12 months while short- term crops mature) Cash compensation equivalent to average of last 3 years’ market value for the mature and harvested crop or market value of the crop for the remaining period of tenancy/ lease agreement, whichever is greater. Tenant/ Lease holder Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + assistance in re-establishing economic trees + allowance up to a maximum of 12 months while short- term crops mature

Land & Assets Types of Impact Person(s)Affected Compensation/Entitlement/Benefits Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + assistance in re-establishing economic trees + allowance up to a maximum of 12 months while short- term crops mature) Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance). Cash compensation for affected land, taking into account market values for the land. Land used for business Title holder/ business owner Opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 5% of net annual income partially affected based on tax records for previous year (or tax records from comparable business, or estimates where such records do not exist). Limited loss Opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 10% of net annual Business owner is lease holder income based on tax records for previous year (or tax records from comparable business, or estimates where such records do not exist) Land for land replacement or compensation in cash according to Commercial PAP’s choice; cash compensation to take into account market values Land for the land. Land for land replacement will be provided in terms of a Assets used for new parcel of land of equivalent size and market potential with a business severely secured tenure status at an available location which is acceptable to affected the PAP. Title holder/business owner If partially affected, Transfer of the land to the PAP shall be free of taxes, registration, and the remaining assets other costs. become insufficient Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance) for business purposes Opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 2 months net income based on tax records for previous year (or tax records from comparable business, or estimates) Opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 2 months net income based on tax records for previous year (or tax records from Business person is lease holder comparable business, or estimates), or the relocation allowance, whichever is higher.

Land & Assets Types of Impact Person(s)Affected Compensation/Entitlement/Benefits Relocation assistance (costs of shifting) Assistance in rental/ lease of alternative land/ property (for a maximum of 6 months) to re-establish the business. Cash compensation for affected land, taking into account market Title holder values for the land Cash compensation equivalent to 10% of lease/ rental fee for the Rental/ lease holder remaining period of rental/ lease agreement (written or verbal) Land for land replacement or compensation in cash according to Land used for PAP’s choice; cash compensation to take into account market values residence partially for the land. affected, limited loss Residential Land for land replacement shall be of minimum plot of acceptable size

Land under the zoning law/ s or a plot of equivalent size, whichever is larger, in either the community or a nearby resettlement area with Remaining land viable Title holder adequate physical and social infrastructure systems as well as secured for present use. tenure status. When the affected holding is larger than the relocation plot, cash compensation to cover the difference in value. Transfer of the land to the PAP shall be free of taxes, registration, and other costs. Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance) Land and assets used for residence severely Refund of any lease/ rental fees paid for time/ use after date of affected removal Remaining area Rental/ lease holder Cash compensation equivalent to 3 months of lease/ rental fee insufficient for Assistance in rental/ lease of alternative land/ property continued use or Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance) becomes smaller than

Land & Assets Types of Impact Person(s)Affected Compensation/Entitlement/Benefits minimally accepted under zoning laws Cash compensation for affected building and other fixed assets, taking Structures are partially Owner into account market costs of structures and materials affected Cash assistance to cover costs of restoration of the remaining structure Buildings and Remaining structures structures Cash compensation for affected assets, taking into account market viable for continued costs for assets and materials (verifiable improvements to the property Rental/ lease holder use by the tenant). Disturbance compensation equivalent to two months rental costs Cash compensation, taking into account market rates for structures Entire structures are and materials, for entire structure and other fixed assets without affected or partially depreciation, or alternative structure of equal or better size and quality affected in an available location which is acceptable to the PAP. Owner Remaining structures Right to salvage materials without deduction from compensation not suitable for Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance) continued use Rehabilitation assistance if required (assistance with job placement, skills training) Cash compensation for affected assets, taking into account market rates for materials (verifiable improvements to the property by the tenant) Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + allowance equivalent to four Rental/ lease holder months rental costs) Assistance to help find alternative rental arrangements Rehabilitation assistance if required (assistance with job placement, skills training) Cash compensation for affected structures without depreciation, Squatter/informal dweller taking into account market rates for materials

Land & Assets Types of Impact Person(s)Affected Compensation/Entitlement/Benefits Right to salvage materials without deduction from compensation Relocation assistance (costs of shifting + assistance to find alternative secure accommodation preferably in the community of residence through involvement of the program) Alternatively, assistance to find accommodation in rental housing or in a squatter settlement scheme, if available Rehabilitation assistance if required assistance with job placement, skills training. Opportunity cost compensation equivalent to 2 months net income based on tax records for previous year (or tax records from Street vendor (informal without title comparable business, or estimates), or the relocation allowance,

or lease to the stall or shop) whichever is higher. Relocation assistance (costs of shifting) Assistance to obtain alternative site to re- establish the business. Crops affected by land acquisition or PAP (whether owner, tenant, or Cash compensation equivalent to average of last 3 years market value Standing crops temporary acquisition squatter) for the mature and harvested crop. or easement Cash compensation based on type, age and productive value of Trees Trees lost Title holder affected trees plus 10% premium Temporary PAP (whether owner, tenant, or Cash compensation for any assets affected, taking into account market Temporary acquisition Acquisition squatter) values for materials (e. g. boundary wall demolished, trees removed) Special support will be provided during relocation in addition to Assistance for Disproportion impact Vulnerable Groups like poor elderly timely payment of compensation for the lost assets like reconstruction vulnerable due to age, sex, persons, disabled persons, women of the affected houses, transporting their household materials to the Groups disability, etc headed households new site as well as monetary support

Land & Assets Types of Impact Person(s)Affected Compensation/Entitlement/Benefits ERA will prepare livelihood restoration plan and will implement the Livelihood Economic PAPs who lost more than 20% of their activities in the respective woredas for PAPs who lost more than 20% restoration displacement of PAPs land holdings/ source of income of their land holdings /source of income.

Note: The compensation for affected rural residences is similar to the one stated to the urban population. As to the 1995 constitution of the Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, there will not be a tenant farmer. This is strictly stipulated in article 40(3) of the constitution. In that “land shall not be subject to sale or other means of transfer.

7 Valuation and Compensation Methods for Lost Assets 7.1 Principles for Compensation The following considerations and assumptions were applied in assessing the amount of compensation for loss of houses and businesses:

• Compensation’s and entitlements provided to PAPs are adequate to at least maintain or improve their pre-project standard of living; • Compensation’s for replacement of houses and buildings are calculated at the current construction cost (based on the floor area and type of construction material) without allowing for depreciation of the assets to be replaced; • Urban landholders who will be completely displaced from their locations are entitled to displacement compensation equivalent to the estimated annual rent of the house to be demolished; • Partially affected houses are considered as fully affected if impacted 25 % or above or if not repairable and are entitled to compensation for the entire house; • The entire project affected persons, irrespective of whether they have formal legal title to land or not, are considered for compensation.

7.2 Compensation Procedure and Approach The compensation procedures and approach in this RAP will adopt the following three steps.

1. Establishment of Property Valuation Committees: Property valuation committees will be established in Sasiga Woreda involving the three rural Kebeles (Haro Feyisa, Tokuma Tsige, and Bedhasa Jarso) that are traversed by the project road. The composition and number of the committee members will be determined as per the FDRE law. The property and valuation committee established as per FDRE proclamation will not exceed 5 members. The property valuation committee for rural and urban areas will be different. The property valuation committees will provide PAPs with adequate valuation of affected properties and assets and estimates the compensation for the assets they will be losing; proper valuation will be undertaken by the valuation committee and reviewed by the resettlement/compensation committee. 2. Establishing Unit Rates: Unit rates will be established for each of the expropriated assets and properties by the project. The unit rates will be established for each of the affected properties and assets that are expropriated due to the construction works of the road on the basis of the current market value. 3. Assessment of Properties and Assets: All properties and assets affected by the project will be assessed at a full replacement cost, which is based on the present value of replacement.

Compensation payment to PAPs will be effected after the property valuation committee makes the final estimate of compensation payable at a full replacement cost and reviewed by the Resettlement Committee and finally approved by ERA’s Western Region Directorate.

Payment to affected properties and assets will be effected before the commencement of the road construction works. The payment procedures and mechanisms to be adopted will be simple and easily understandable to PAPs also. Compensation payment will address what, how and when to compensate for

(e.g. land, structures, businesses, fixed improvements or temporary impacts, lost income). In case physical relocation to a resettlement site is necessary, the resettlement site will be prepared with adequate public infrastructure prior to relocation. Sufficient time will be allocated for households to rebuild their residences and relocate prior to project impacts.

7.3 Methods of Valuing Compensation for Loss of Houses and Business On the basis of proclamation number 455/2005 and World Bank OP 4.12 Operational policy for involuntary resettlement, compensation for expropriation of landholdings for public purposes or impacts of projects has to be calculated based on full replacement cost approach. Replacement cost as discussed in OP 4.12 “is the method of valuation of assets that helps to determine the amount sufficient to replace lost assets and cover transaction costs including moving allowance. In applying this method of valuation, depreciation of structures and assets will not be taken into account”. Hence, in determining the replacement cost, depreciation of assets and salvage materials are not taken into account, nor is the value of benefits to be derived from the project deducted from the valuation of affected assets. For inventory of assets, land acquisition surveys, valuation of properties and delivery of entitlements the team worked with the Woreda compensation committees. Accordingly, the following variables are adopted for valuation of affected houses and other structures.

1. The current construction cost for replacement (with no allowance for depreciation) is considered. 2. The compensation rate is estimated on the basis of the type of the affected houses or other structures. 3. The cost of each house and other buildings that would be replaced is estimated on the basis of specification’s and current market prices.

Accordingly, compensation amounts for houses and other buildings worked out on the basis of the current cost per square meter or unit for replacing a comparable one. This method is applicable for impacted fences as well. For the methods of valuing affected social services, fruit and eucalyptus trees and business both productivity valuation methods, current market valuation, material and labor valuation and average monthly income are taking into consideration.

For the losses that cannot easily be valued or compensated for in monetary term, (e.g. access to public services, grazing lands, customers and suppliers etc.) attempts shall be made to establish access to equivalent and culturally acceptable resources and earning opportunities. (OP4.12)

Businesses that are temporary affected will be compensated based on the evidence provided by the PAPs on their income. Those PAPs including squatters/informal settlers will receive comparable amount of monetary compensation for the duration of time their business will be affected. Methods of Valuing Compensation for Loss of Farmlands

Proclamation 455/2005, Article 8(1) states that a rural landholder whose holding has been expropriated permanently shall be paid for the loss equivalent to ten times the average annual income he secured during the five years preceding the expropriation of the land. Hence, for valuing compensation for loss of farmlands or in determining the unit rate/ value per hectare of farmland, average yield and the unit price of the major crops grown in the area are taken in to consideration and the weighted average is calculated to gain the

amount of money collected per hectare / annum. OP4.12 states that the preferred option for loss of farmlands permanently is land based or land to land compensation with similar productive potential, location advantages and other factors at least equivalent to the possessed one. If this option is not matched or land to land compensation is not attainable, a non-land options have to be implemented that includes employment or self-employment and other assistances in addition to cash compensation for the land and other assets lost. The compensation principles for temporary and permanent loss of land and crops are given in table 12.

7.4 Compensation for Loss Houses and Fences The project would affect 73 housing units, where 61 housing units are fully affected and 12 houses are partially affected with < 20 % of their total area. The total area of affected houses is 1,204.24 m2. Out of the total affected houses 3 are Tukul houses with 27.27 m2 total area, 60 houses are made from Mud and Wood Wall, Soil Floor with Corrugated Sheet Roof with 1,018.89 m2 total area, and 10 houses are made from Mud and Wood Wall, Concrete Cemented Floor with Corrugated Sheet Roof with 158.15 m2 total area.

Although a total of 61 housing units are fully affected and needs physical relocation, household survey and consultation with these PAPs revealed that PAPs prefer to construct their houses on their remaining plot of land at their back yards than relocating in a different area as long as adequate compensation and sufficient time are allocated to construct their new houses and maintain their livelihood. However, six households who don’t have sufficient land at their back yards requested to relocate in a different area. With this connection, the Woreda administration(Sassiga Woreda) and Tsige Kebele administration in consultation with these PAPs is working to identify a relocation site with basic infrastructure services including electricity and water supply network. The project will ensure that replacement land is allocated, sufficient relocation time provided and compensation at full replacement cost paid and before any land acquisition.

In case additional basic infrastructure is necessary, ERA will provide the necessary resources to the Woreda to provide the needed basic infrastructure service. All social institutions (Idir and Mahiber) have agreed to provide all the necessary supports for the vulnerable persons despite the financial support and training supports provided by the ERA.

Regarding fences there are 112 fence owners accounting for 1,254 m long fence made of wood, natural fence and CIS will be affected by the construction of the project road. Among the total fence owners, wooden fence owners are 62 with a total length of 930 m, while owners of fences made of CIS are 2 with 28 m length. The remaining 296 m length fence is natural shrubs and trees including thorns.

The total cost for the affected houses and fences is Birr 4,318,590.00 and Birr 444,320.00; respectively. Based on the information gathered from Sassiga Woreda Administration and Agriculture and Rural Development Office, the following rates are applied for compensation computation in this updated RAP. Table 13: Compensation rates for affected houses and fences.

Table 13: Cost estimation for the affected houses and fences

Affected House/ Fence Unit Birr/ Unit

Wood and Mud building with soil floor and CIS roof m² of built area 3,500.00 Wood and Mud building with Concrete cemented floor and CIS m² of built area 4,500.00 roof Tukul house with thatched roof m² 1,500.00 Wooden fence m 460.00 CIS Fence m 590.00

7.5 Compensation for Permanent Loss of Farmlands The principle for permanent loss of agricultural land /crop loss/ is that it should be compensated with land for land compensation (or land for land replacement) in those areas where land is available for replacement. In the extent at which the agricultural land lost cannot be replaced, the principles for monetary compensation will apply.

Compensation for permanent loss of farmland depends on the average income from the same land for the five preceding years of expropriation multiplied by ten years. Steps followed to calculate the average income is presented below:

Steps 1 – Primarily, the average yield (for six commonly grown crops) per hectare is calculated for each of the preceding five years. For simplicity, yield per hectare for each Woreda has been worked out by dividing the total tonnage of seasonal crops produced in each year by the total area covered with the same crops in each year. Based on these Woreda level yields, the average yield per hectare for the projected affected area has been computed as the simple average of Woreda wise yields.

Step 2 – Determination of the total area of land to be dispossessed permanently. This is accomplished based on revised design of the project and the slope stacks fixed on the ground. Thus, the total agricultural land to be dispossessed permanently in the first section will be 4.0 hectare.

Step 3 – Once the average yield for each of the preceding five years and the estimated total land area to be dispossessed permanently were determined, then the total production on the dispossessed land was calculated as a product of the two.

Step 4 – In order to get the final value of the production from the dispossessed land, a weighted average price per quintal of the six crops has been calculated. To this end, percentage share of each crop in total crop land cover of the districts affected was calculated. As a next step, share of a specific cropland cover from one hectare of land was computed. By multiplying the cropland cover (column 2) by average yield of each crop (column 3), the yield in quintal of each crop from its share in one hectare (column 4) is worked out. The price of each crop in column 5 is an average price of Woreda’s for the past five years. Multiplying the price with the yield gives the gross sales from each crop produced on 1 hectare of land, which is 19,522.5 Birr/hectare.

Table 14: Weighted Average Market Price of a Quintal of Crops

Crop Type Proportion of Yield (Qt/ha) Yield Qt/ Crop Market Price Gross Sales Crop Cover/ha area Birr/Qt (Birr) per ha 1 2 3 4=2*3 5 6=4*5 Maize 17% 61 10.37 500.00 5,185.00 Kocho 4% 135 5.4 354.00 1,911.60 Pea 12% 12 1.44 1,800.00 2,592.00 Bean 12% 10 1.2 1,681.00 2,017.20 Sesame 10% 7 0.7 2,605.00 1,823.50 Ground Nut 7% 11 0.77 1,900.00 1,463.00 Millet 11% 9 0.99 870.00 861.30 Sorghum 17% 29 4.93 520.00 2,563.60 Teff 10% 7 0.7 1,579.00 1,105.30 Total 100% 26.5 19,522.50 Weighted average market price per qt of mixed crops =19,522.50/26.5= 736.70 Birr

Step 5 – By using the weighted average price, total value of production on the dispossessed land during the last five years has been worked out. Finally, the 5 years average income from the 4.0 ha of land to be dispossessed has been computed. Once the average income for the preceding five years is calculated the compensation rate for permanent loss of farmland will be ten times the average amount, i.e. 10 x 19,522.50 x 4.0 ha = Birr 780,900.00

7.6 Compensation for Temporary Loss of Farmland Compensation for temporary loss of farmland follows a similar (with the permanent loss) calculation of the preceding five years average income from the expropriated land but it will be multiplied by the number of years the land shall stay expropriated. For the temporary loss of farmland, the holders will be paid an amount equal to the five years average income multiplied by 5 years. This will cover three crop years during construction and 2 years of soil recovery period after the land is returned to the holder. Based on this calculation, the compensation for temporary loss of farmland in the project is given below. In first 17 km section, there are three borrow pits with a total area of 17,139.24 ha. 2 of the borrow pits cover 16,959.24 m2 are possessed by the local administration that does not require compensation payment. The remaining 1 borrow pit that covers a total area of 180 m2 is owned by local farmers that requires compensation payment of 65,083.74 m2 x 5 x 19,522.50 = 17,570,250.00 Birr. In addition to this, there are three quarry sites with a total of 15.00 ha of land (5 ha each) and one main camp site that covers is 5 ha of land. Out of the three

quarry sites one is owned by local administration that doesn’t require compensation, while the two needs compensation. Any additional temporary land take necessary will apply the same procedure.

Table 15: Facilities and respective land needs

No Type of facilities Land taken (ha) Land acquisition No PAPs Remarks mode 1 Borrow pit km 9+100 RHS 0.02 Temporary use Owned by Not handed farmer overdue to RoW issues 2 Borrow pit km 10+800 RHS 0.690 ha Temporary use Owned by Used as local spoil area government also 3 Borrow pit km 19+200 RHS 1. 005 ha Temporary use Owned by Used as local spoil area government also 4 Quarry site km 20+000 5.00 ha Temporary use Owned by two RHS Woreda administrations 5 Quarry site km 22+000 5.00 ha Temporary use Owned by LHS local government 6 Quarry site km 31+000 5.00 ha Temporary use 3 households Used as LHS spoil area also 7 Camp site km 42+000 RHS 5.00 ha Temporary use Owned by local government and farmer

7.7 Compensation for Trees and Perennial Crops Within the RoW of the existing road and on the realigned sections trees having commercial values and perennial crops will be affected. The compensation sum has been calculated by summing the stream of discounted incomes each plant can give over years until a similar new tree comes to maturity. The table below summarizes the number of affected tree species and their quantity.

Table 16: species and quantity of trees affected by the project

No Tree species Quantity 1 Eucalyptus camondulesis 10,037

No Tree species Quantity 2 Croton macrostachyus (local name Bakanisa) 1,133 3 Tid 994 4 Abeyi 246 5 Fictus sur 4 6 Coffee (Coffee Arabica) 297 7 Muka Arba 103 8 Reji 616 9 Cordial africana (Wanza) 46 10 Bosoka 4 11 Gelano 37 12 Banana 356 13 Mango 106 14 Avocado 99 16 Gravilia robusta 259 17 Gesho 16 18 Komogno 7 19 Khat 231 20 Syzygium guineas (Dokma) 34 21 Girawa 45 22 Jakaranda 231 23 Jatropha 18 24 Suspania 14 25 Shiwashiwe 6 26 Nim 95 27 Papaya 2 28 Cactus 10 29 cotton trees 1

Eucalyptus matures in five year time. Thus, the compensation for this tree will be the net present value of harvests from the tree within the five year period. Once eucalyptus tree is cut it is only after five years that it will again give another harvest from the same original root. So, according to the compensation principles, this means that the value of compensation for the tree is just the market value of the single harvest. A total of 10,037 eucalyptus trees of different sizes will be affected by the road construction.

For the calculation of the compensation the price of an average eucalyptus tree is estimated to be Birr 398.12 (79.7 x 5 years). Therefore, the total compensation to be paid for a eucalyptus trees is 10,037 X 398.12 = 3,995,930.44 Birr. Depending on the number of years each specific trees takes from planting to maturity, the average annual value of outputs from each tree, the net present values of the trees is calculated based on present day market value of each fruit trees. Based on the net present values of each plant mentioned above, the total values of compensations are provided under the table below.

Table 17: Value of compensation for Coffee and other fruit trees

Type of Net Present Value in Total Number of trees Total Value of Compensation in Birr Tree Birr/Kg affected Coffee 70 297 70 x 3 kg x 297 = 62,370.00 Banana 14 356 14 x 10 kg x 356 = 49,840.00 Avocado 10 99 10 x 125 kg x 99 = 123,750.00 Mango 7 106 7 x 200 kg x 106 = 148,400.00 Papaya 8 2 8 x 8 kg x 2 = 128.00 Total Value of Compensation in Birr 384,488.00

The calculation for cost of fruit trees is equal to price of one kg* total kilogram of harvest of one tree * total number of trees that will be affected by the project road.

7.8 Compensation for Affected Services /Public Utility Lines Development of social services and amenities in the project area are found at its lowest level even though semi-urban centers like Tokuma Tsige and Bedhasa Jarso towns enjoyed supply of electric, health and telephone services. As per the socio-economic survey result, a total of 38 electric poles (wooden and concrete) will be impacted. Hence, the total compensation payment for all affected poles will be Birr 133,000.00 (38 X 3500). Moreover, more than 4,000 m water supply pipeline network will be impacted and dislocated. This requires a total payment payment of 4,000 m x 500 Birr on average = Birr 2,000.000.00 for the service provider. The ERA shall follow the timely relocation of these affected utility networks besides effecting payment for the affected utilities.

As indicated in the aforementioned sections, the method adopted for valuing affected assets and properties has been based on replacement cost approach. Remuneration payments for affected farmlands are based on unit rates and productivity established in this RAP. According to Ethiopian Roads Authority resettlement/rehabilitation policy framework a budget requirement for the implementation of a RAP is inclusive of compensation costs for the relocations of project affected households, restoration of assets and properties, replacement of dwellings, working places and restorations of social amenities and services.

7.9 Special Assistances for Vulnerable Project Affected Households The October 2013, RPF provides special attention to the needs of vulnerable groups among the PAPs, especially poorer households, including the landless, elderly and disabled, women and children, ethnic minorities, and other historically disadvantaged group. According to the socio-economic survey, along the 17 km stretch of this section of the project there are 70 vulnerable PAPs.

At the time of implementing the compensation and the resettlement action plan of the project special attention, support and care will be given to female headed households, to the disabled and to the elderly. The support will be made in rebuilding their houses, transferring and transporting their household items and materials to the newly constructed residential houses or houses used for business purpose.

Amongst the women heads of households some belong to the working age group, hence recommended to be considered for employment during construction.

Employment opportunities in the project especially in positions that don’t require skill have to be used as an instrument to decrease the vulnerability of the project affected female headed HHs. In addition to the aforementioned support the assistance could vary based on the type of vulnerability of the group, but not limited to, assistances:

• During land clearing, building of replacement houses, transporting of household materials to the newly constructed houses; • Provision of psycho-social trainings and coaching; • Supporting in the form of welfare services: health facilities, educational opportunities for children, food security, and the like; • Provision of job opportunities, special assistances to cover social costs, and access to credit facilities and market.

7.10 7.11Livelihood Restoration Measure Livelihood restoration refers to reestablishment of income levels for the PAPs at least prevalent to the time of displacement. Livelihood restoration is an important component for the resettlement of PAPs who have lost their productive base, businesses, jobs, or other income sources, regardless of whether they have also lost their houses. In livelihood restoration, issues such as, source of livelihood (monetary and nonmonetary), availability of land for replacement, existing skills of PAPs, employment opportunities and other income restoration options will be provided.

The long term strategy includes activities such as (identification of training needs, establishing livelihood restoration committee, provide capacity building trainings such as: awareness raising sessions, entrepreneurship training, basic business skills trainings. Prepare business plan for on–farm and off–farm

and establish legal link with local financing institutions to start their income generating activities. During household survey on PAPs, it was revealed that a total of 80 PAPs whose farmland and housing units are affected requested to attend livelihood restoration. Thus, 15 households prefer to get trainings on small business (such as baking injera and bread business, kiosk tea– coffee fixing business, inn business, etc.), 48 on animal fattening and 17 on agriculture productivity improvement. Those PAPs whose farmland will be affected by the project prefer to attend fattening and agricultural productivity improvement trainings.

Trainings for PAPs based on their preferences will be organized by the ERA social management team in collaboration with the local administration. Training inputs such as training manual will be made available by the Woreda Agriculture office extension department for agricultural trainings and micro – enterprise office for business trainings.

In order to compensate for temporary loss of income due to the time taken to rebuild their new houses and shifting (transport belongings), it is proposed to compensate this loss of cash income as a transitional allowance for up to three month’s average income. Taking the average income of household as a reference, PAPs whose business is affected will receive 50 Birr per day per person.

The on–farm income generating activities could be those activities conducted by farmers on their own lands and related to crop, livestock and agro forestry for those who don’t lose their farmland completely. In addition to this, animal husbandry includes fattening, apiculture, dairy farming and poultry. On the other hand, the off–farm livelihood restoration activities include petty trade such as selling crops and grains, coping stone production buying and selling animals, and manufacturing such as metal and wood work; fuel saving stoves, hollow bricks for those closer to urban and semi– urban areas.

The ERA shall facilitate all the required inputs for building the capacity of PAPs through livelihood restoration program. This component involves identifying the basic needs and gaps of PAPs, assessing the existing capacity of PAPs, preparing livelihood restoration guideline, training modules, and conducting capacity building trainings. After completing the training, the site representatives of the ERA shall provide the necessary inputs to implement the training on the ground and finally monitoring the status of the trainees

In this regard, there is a need to prepare a detailed livelihood and income restoration plan for PAPs by identifying the specific target groups, envisaged activities with timeliness and roles/responsibilities for implementation and monitoring. The preparation of the livelihood restoration plan should be based on assessment of the potential income generating activities, existing market conditions and also on the basis of skills and interests of PAPs. The livelihood and income restoration plan should be prepared on a clearly set and identified market strategy, financial resource and based on local capacity and skill. Hence, it is proposed that livelihood and income restoration plan will be designed and prepared in consultation with stakeholders and PAPs after the RAP for the full lot is prepared. The livelihood restoration plan will include the following components: 7.11 7.11.1 Capacity building Activities for PAPs It is believed that building the capacities of PAPs is crucial to make improve the living conditions of PAPs. Considering the importance of capacity building to establish sustainable business, Woreda administrations included activities that can increase the capacities of PAPs. Some of the trainings planned to provide include awareness raising trainings, basic business skills, entrepreneurial skills and vocational skills. It is also

equally believed that administrations in Woreda as well as Kebele will give attention to empowering PAPs to identify their economic needs and explore ways and means of fulfilling those needs. Moreover, the administrations using different agencies will assist them to develop PAPs self-confidence and ability to undertake income generating activities through appropriate and adequate training and motivation for livelihood restoration activities.

In collaboration with ERA, Woreda administrations shall build the capacities of PAPs at Kebele level, in convenient place to all. As part of capacity building, various trainings will be organized to develop their skills in livelihood restoration in a sustainable manner.

The trainings important for PAPs are the following:

• Organize awareness raising sessions; • Organize entrepreneurship training; • Organize basic business skills trainings;

7.12 7.11.2 Capacity building Activities for Livelihood Restoration Committee In previous projects, PAPs were expected to their livelihood restoration with the compensation money they received. Thus, livelihood restoration committees are established recently and needs technical and material support for the effective implementation of livelihood restoration at Woreda level. Thus, as part of capacity building, arranging awareness raising workshop is important. Moreover, as the committees are selected from different sectors of Woreda administration, they have neither permanent office nor office equipment to carry out the activities. Therefore, it is crucial to carry out the following activities to build the capacity of livelihood restoration committee at Guto Gida Woreda.

• Organize awareness workshop for committee members on livelihood restoration; • Purchase desk-top computers and printers; • Establish an office for the committee;

ERA will provide the necessary financial resources. For significantly impacted households, ERA will also provide resources for initial inputs in the different livelihood restoration activities. Generally, the major stakeholders will have the following responsibilities.

The major roles and responsibilities of stakeholders are the following:

World Bank

• Provide the necessary technical support; • Make periodic implementation supervision Ethiopian Road Authority

• Allocate budget for training of the affected households eligible for livelihood restoration activities; • Coordinate livelihood restoration activities; • Organize capacity building trainings to livelihood restoration committees;

• Make follow up the implementation; Wereda Administrations (Livelihood restoration committee)

• Prepare a summarized livelihood restoration plan for PAPs; • Assist in establishing relationship with vocational institutions and saving and credit institutions; • Organize skill trainings to PAPs; • Establish livelihood restoration committee at woreda level; • Establish relationship with technical and vocational colleges; • Submit periodic reports about the status of livelihood restoration activities;

• Monitor IGAs at every stage of implementation;

The consultant

The consultant shall assist ERA in planning, monitoring and evaluation of livelihood restoration activities;

• Monitor the livelihood restoration activities; Kebele Administrations

• Organize PAPs with similar needs into groups for each kind of IGA as discussed during RAP; • Provide assistance to vulnerable people; • Communicate PAPs to take skill trainings,; Project Affected Persons

• Participation in livelihood restoration planning, implementation and monitoring and evaluation; • Attend trainings and awareness raising and skill training sessions arranged to them;

8 Implementation Procedure and Organizational Responsibility This chapter describes the institutions responsible for the successful implementation of this RAP in particular and the project in general.

8.1 Organizations Involved in RAP Implementation

The Ethiopian Roads Authority (ERA) is the main responsible body for initiating the preparation of this RAP document, execution of the compensation payment as per the Federal Government Proclamation 455/2005 and Council of Ministers Regulation No. 351/2007; and ERA’s Resettlement/Rehabilitation Policy Framework (RPF). In ERA, the Social Management Team (SMT) is directly responsible for the review, monitoring of Resettlement Action Plans. SMT is also responsible and is in charge for the identification of adverse environmental and social impacts and for monitoring the implementation of its mitigation measures. The ROW team from ERA’s Western Regional Directorate will be responsible for the implementation and payment of compensation. ERA’s Regional Directorate will have a major role in the coordination of the project planning, procurement and implementation.

At Regional Government level, the Regional Bureau of Land and Environment Protection will play a monitoring role while Woreda administration offices will play key role in the facilitation and implementation of the RAP by establishing Resettlement / Implementation Committees and Property valuation committees, by providing land for relocation, coordinating compensation payments, addressing grievances and related issues.

Compensation or asset valuation, livelihood restoration and grievance redress committees are formed on Sasiga, Guto Gida and Gida Ayana Woreda administrations during the field work and registration of inventories done on January to March, 2017.The RAP committee in the Woredas comprises of representatives from Agriculture, Woreda Administration, Land use, project affect persons (PAPs), roads and other important Woreda sector offices. Compensation, both small and large amounts, will be paid by bank transfer, following agreement with individual household.

8.2 8.3 Woreda Resettlement Committee The Sasiga Woreda RAP Committee is responsible for the coordination of all resettlement activities in the affected Kebeles, including the preparation of resettlement sites if necessary. It is established at Woreda level in order to address the issues widely spread over the three rural Kebeles. This committee consists of the Sasiga Woreda Administration (Chairperson), the Sasiga Woreda Agriculture Office, two members from PAPs, and ERA personnel (RoW agent). Respective operational resources will be provided by ERA.

8.4 Asset Valuation and Compensation Committee The compensation committee has a responsibility to ensure proper assessment and timely disbursement of compensations to PAPs. A one day training program for all compensation committee members at each Woreda level has to be given by dispatched Environmental Monitoring and Safety Branch members. The committee shall provide a progress report to the regional government office, zone, Woreda administrations, municipalities (city councils) and to the ERA.

8.5 Livelihood Restoration Committee (LRC) at Woreda level It is assumed that Woreda administrators are busy in their own business and cannot have enough time to implement the livelihood restoration activities. Therefore, it is crucial to form a committee or working group, which is responsible for this particular project or plan. The committee shall be formed by Woreda administrations and need to consist of those who have experience in relation to livelihood, IGAs and so on. Respective operational resources will be provided by ERA.

The major activities expected from the committee are listed below:

• Link PAPs with vocational schools; • Link PAPs with microfinance institutions so that they can access saving and credit facilities; • Provide working premises; • Land-for –land replacement for PAPs; • Organize PAPs in groups who undertake the same IGAs such as in poultry, animal fattening, construction, etc based on the needs assessment. • Monitor IGAs at each stage of implementation; • Establish partnership with micro finance enterprises, vocational schools, improved agricultural inputs providers; • Give priority for vulnerable groups such as widows, helpless elders, child headed families, PWDs, PLHIV; • Prepare a project proposal/plan/ of livelihood restorations for PAPs in their respective Woredas and Kebeles; • Link PAPs to different institutions; • Maintain data base of PAPs (statuses of income level, living condition, house construction status, placement of infrastructures, ) • Assist PAPs to develop Individual and group Business Plan for on-farm and offfarm IGAs; • Identify eligible PAPs for livelihood restoration and special assistances for vulnerable group; • Provide working premises: marketing and production sites or sheds for the established ventures; • Prepare detailed procurement plan for the materials to be delivered and handover for the respective small business enterprises formally, • Assist the supported business enterprises technically to launch their businesses; • Support the small businesses by creating market links (value chain) in collaboration with the Woreda MSEs offices. • Submit periodic reports about the status of livelihood restoration to ERA

8.6 Ethiopian Electric Utility Before the construction work commences utilities (overhead and underground) need to be identified and their removal has to be discussed in advance with the concerned organizations such as Ethiopian Electric Utility and the three Woreda administrations. Relocation is carried out by the service providers upon payment of relocation cost by ERA. In order to avoid delay on the contractor, the service providers, will carry out relocation of public utilities like electric and telephone line poles prior to commencement of the civil work.

8.7 The Role of the ERA The Regional Right-of-Way Team which is under the Western Region Construction Management Directorate is responsible for facilitating the required land for road construction and for the implementation of Resettlement Action Plans (RAP). The Woreda administration in collaboration with Kebele administrations will avail land for the construction of housing structures and cropland for the PAPs with the same infrastructure available as in the original settlements. ERA’s Environmental and Social Management Team (ESMT) major responsibilities are setting and implementing ERA’s environmental and social guidelines in support of the national level requirements. The ESMT holds the capacity of advisory, coordination and supervision on aspects that are pertinent to the road environmental and social impacts and implication assessment in coordination with the respective ERA district offices. The Planning and Program Management Directorate of ERA has to carry out all the necessary preparation so that the environmental and social management activities are scheduled during the Preconstruction Phase. The activities include:

• Implementation of the resettlement action plan, and • Relocation of public utilities like electric and telephone line poles and water supply pipelines.

ERA will provide all resources necessary to facilitate project implementation by the different public stakeholders exceeding their usual day-to-day obligations. All local committee members are entitled for per diem payments compatible to the rate they deserve a minimum of 200 Birr per day has to be paid. ERA is responsible for provision of financial resources for the implementation of the RAP. The entities responsible and accountable for the RAP preparation and implementation are indicated in Table 17.

Table 17:-- Institutions participate in RAP preparation and Implementation

No Organization involved Responsibility 1. Ethiopia Roads Authority 1.1 Supervision consultant The supervision consultant through its resettlement expert oversee the preparation of the RAP, receive the RAP from the contractor, do quality assurance review Responsible for the day to day monitoring of safeguards implementation

1..2 ERA’s Design and Build Responsible for budget Allocation, Coordination Contract Management and implementation of the overall activities of the Directorate project; 1..3 ERA's Environmental and Management of the RAP preparation and Social Management Team implementation; Review of safeguards documents, (ESMT compensation and resettlement action plan, livelihood restoration plan and Monitoring & evaluation. Monitor the restoration of services/utilities affected by the construction works, such as, water supply and power supply. 1..4 Right of Way agent Supports the Asset valuation committee in registration, measuring, and estimation of affected properties Facilitate the execution of compensation payment 2 Oromia National Regional Provide Political and Administrative support for the Government implementation of the project and the RAP 3 Zone Administrations Coordinate the different Woredas affected by the project; coordinate the implementation of livelihood restoration activities for PAPs 4 Respective Woreda Establish Resettlement Committee, Property Administrations valuation committees, Facilitating the relocation sites (as needed) and the restoration of services, Ensure that PAPs are compensated as per the federal and regional guidelines. 5 Respective Kebele Provide advice on the fairness in relocation process Administrations and valuation of compensation Work with the woreda people in facilitating relocation sites 6 Respective Municipalities Identify land for the relocation of PAP and provide support in restoration; and provide special attention and support for the disabled, sick, elderly and female headed households 7 Property valuation committees Register and vale for compensation of all properties to be affected due to the road project 8 Resettlement committee Responsible for the overall implementation of the RAP 9 Elders and Religious Leaders Provide advice on the fairness in relocation process and valuation of compensation and coordinate on the support to be made for elders, FHH and elderly; and play mediation role in case misunderstandings are created between PAPs and local authorities 10 Representatives of PAPs Represents PAP in all meetings and discussions held with ROW agent, with other offices, serve as committee member

11 Grievance Redress Committee Responsible for addressing issues raised due to the construction of the road project

8.8 Compensation Procedure During the stage where actual compensation will be executed, all forms of compensations will be accomplished after ascertaining that the proper owners of the assets are identified by cross checking with this RAP. Funds for payment of the compensation will be made available by the ERA RoW Team.

9 Grievance Redress Mechanism In case disputes arise between the RAP implementation process and PAPs the preferred way of settlement is through amicable means. This will save time and resources as opposed to taking the matter to court., To ensure that the PAP have avenues for redressing grievances related to any aspect of land acquisition, resettlement, and other social impacts of the Project, procedures on the redress of grievances shall be established for the project. The objective is to respond to the complaints of PAPs timely and in a transparent manner. The mechanism needs to be designed to be easily accessible, transparent and fair.

The objective is to respond to the complaints of the PAPs speedily and in a transparent manner. The mechanism is designed to be easily accessible, transparent and fair

Arbitral tribunals, so called Grievance Redress Committees (GRCs), will be formed at each Woreda and town level and is expected to settle disputes arising in the respective Kebeles. The arbitral tribunals will be established from the outset of the project road construction instead of leaving it to the disputants to appoint the arbitrators. This is the preferable option since it might take a lot of time to appoint arbitrators if left to the disputing parties. The GRC will establish a procedure in local language and regularly disclose contact persons, office hours, and procedure to ensure access by PAPs

9.1 General Arbitration Process Where a dispute arises between parties, in this case mainly between ERA, PAPs (institutions) the initially preferred means of settling disputes is arbitration. For arbitrations local elders and officials have the capacity to mediate disputes. These traditional conflict resolution mechanisms are preferred for their time saving, no bureaucratic, cost saving, traditionally functional and accepted natures. Moreover, such grievance redressing mechanisms have a legal backup in the constitution and other proclamations like, Articles 3325- 3336 of the civil code (1960), proclamation No.455/2005 and Article 11 of proclamation No.456/2005. Grievances can be filed for all project-related issues.

Where the dispute could not be resolved through agreement it shall be decided by an arbitral body to be elected by the parties or to be decided in accordance with the rural land administration laws of the region. In addition to these statuary and customary institutions, aggrieved parties could also organize arbitral tribunal on site and the concerned parties may determine the number and composition of the arbitral tribunal. This would allow meaningful representations and avoid unnecessary delay in decision making. Individual members of the compensation committee who initially decided on the compensation rates will by no means be member of the arbitral tribunal since they have already taken a position.

9.2 Grievance Resolution Process The procedures for handling grievances will be as follows. The affected person shall file his/her discontents in writing to the Woreda Grievance Redressing Committee /GRC/. The grievance needs to be signed and dated by the aggrieved person. Where the affected person is unable to write, she/he shall obtain assistance to write the note and endorse the letter with his/her thumb print. The grivence redress committee chair

person will serve as a focal point and will receive all the grievances and properly record it in the log book prepared for the matter.

The committees shall respond within 15 /fifteen days/ after they discussed the matter with the aggrieved person. If the grievance relates to valuation of assets, experts may need to be requested to revalue the assets, and this may necessitate a longer period of time. In this case, the aggrieved person must be notified by the committee that his/her complaint is being considered. If the aggrieved person does not receive a response or is not satisfied with the outcome he/she may lodge the case to the local court. Decisions of local courts shall be the final. Nevertheless, the preferred option for dispute settlement is amicable settlement and arbitration among aggrieved parties. PAPs also have a right to appeal their cases to higher grievance redressing offices in the hierarchy of government structures, to ERA’s RoW Branch, to the consultant engineer or to the contractor before taking their appeals to the court.

9.3 Grievance Documentation Since the elderly community members in the project area doesn’t read and write, the project will prepare and make available formats for different purposes such as filing complaint. Any person who has any kind of complaints shall appear in person, fill the format, sign and submit to the grievance redress committee. This committee shall record the complaint on the community record book. After finalizing the assessment and providing the reply to the complaint, all the details will be recorded on the record book where committee members and the complaining person shall sign and write the date of completion of the complaint on the decision. If the complaining PAP is not satisfied he/she will express own feeling and reflect decision to go the next step or accept the decision of the committee. In case of any delays, the PAP should be informed within the above timelines of any additional time needs and be updated subsequently regularly in line with the above noted timeframes (e.g. if the law requires resolution within 15 days, then in case of delays the PAP need to be informed in writing every 15 days on the status of the grievances, measures taken to come to a solution, and eventual obstacles to be resolved prior to a decision).

The Project will provide the necessary logistics at all level to ensure that grievances are documented properly and aggregated into the progress reports. Documentation shall include key information, including but not limited to complainant, date of receiving complaint, date of decision taken, type of grievance, detailed information, solution, etc. Generally, the following steps will be followed in order to achieve consensus for any grievance related to any aspect of the project. Stage One PAPs can complain orally or in writing to the Resettlement Implementation Committee at Wereda level. If it is an oral complaint, the WRC must record the complaint in writing and must respond to the complaint within one week. If the complaint is very difficult to deal with by the WRC for approval, resolution of the WRC on the complaint must be provided within one week. Stage Two If the decision to the complaint at Stage One cannot satisfy the PAPs, PAPs can appeal to GRC within two weeks after the receipt of the resonance to the complaint, and GRC at Wereda level must respond to the appeal within two weeks.

Stage Three If PAPs are still not satisfied with the decsion at the Stage Two, they can appeal to the court within 15 days after receipt of the complaint for final decision. Proposed Lists of GRC Members in Urban and Rural Areas

GRCs for Urban areas (towns) GRCs for Rural Areas

• One member from the town • One member from the Woreda Administration - administration - Chairperson Chairperson • One member from respective Kebele • One member from the Woreda Agricultural Office Administration • One member from the Kebele administration • Two members selected by PAPs • Two members selected by PAPs

Based on the established GRM, any disputing matters related to the resettlement program and the overall road infrastructure development works will be registered and resolved. The following are the potential source of complaint:

• determination of entitlement for compensation; • Methodology of valuation of properties; • selection of relocation site and replacement plot allocation procedures; • provision of basic infrastructures; • livelihood restoration activities; • Road right of way issues; • Sewerage drainage, access roads and crossing bridges construction; and • Occupational and community health and safety issues

Figure 10: Project Affected Persons (PAPs) grievance resolution flow chart with compensation issues as example

The procedures to be followed by the arbitrational tribunal members to address grievances are:

• Be transparent and simple to understand; • Provide PAPs with free and easy access to the procedures with grievance intake possible at least in every Kebele and via phone (for short notice, followed by a written record); • The procedure will be able to be activated rapidly; • Representatives of PAPs will be part of the committee when deciding how to respond to the grievances; • The response time between activating the procedure and reaching a resolution will be as noted.

9.4 Monitoring and Reporting The Resident engineer social expert will monitor grievances routinely as part of the broader management of social safeguards implementation. This entails good record keeping and grievance records must be made available to management at all times. Monthly reports will be compiled by the GRM committee and distributed to the Woreda administration, ERA and Engineering consultant. These grievance reports will include: ▪ The number of grievances logged in the proceeding period by level and type; ▪ The number of PAPs that have come back stating they are not satisfied with the resolution; ▪ The number of grievances unresolved after 30 days by level and type; ▪ The number of grievances resolved between the GRM and PAPs without accessing regular court. ▪ The number of grievances of the same or similar issue; ▪ The measures taken to incorporate these responses into the resettlement implementation plan. These reports and other records will be made available for external review if required. An appropriate grievance report shall be part of the engineering consultants quarterly progress reporting.

10 Public and Stakeholders Consultation 10.1 Public consultation The primary purpose of public and stakeholders consultation is to encourage the public to have meaningful input into the decision-making process. It provides the opportunity for the public to contribute for the betterment of the project in managing its social impacts. Moreover, it helps to extract concerns and mechanisms for addressing these public concerns, it is a mode of communication that can be used as an early warning system for public concerns, a means through which accurate and timely information can be disseminated, and can contribute to sustainable decision-making.

Cognizant of this fact, the RPF and the federal and regional regulations, public and stakeholders’ consultations were conducted through formal meetings held in Tokuma Tsige, Haro Feyisa and Bedhasa Jarso/Mendera 24 Kebeles. The consultations involved Kebele officials, Woreda sector offices, PAPs and community members. On the other hand, informal meetings held with different sections of the community in the months of January to March 2017 during household census and transect walks.

The consultation sessions revealed that the PAPs have serious concerns with the approach and modes of assets valuation and compensations. They requested the ERA and its local stakeholders to establish all the required committees to be transparent in handling every single case, and for continuous consultations every quarter and even more whenever required. On the other hand, the government representatives promised to give relocation sites for the “would be” displaced PAPs, and to support different vulnerable groups during the project implementation period.

Representatives of the proponent and its local stakeholders promised to post all their work procedures, eligibility criteria, and methods of asset valuation to residents of all Kebeles. Furthermore, the public consultation the participants have reported to cooperate and to take actions that will contribute to the speedy implementation of the construction work and implementation of RAP. Furthermore, it was made clear to all partakes that the cut–of–date was set by the project proponent to be August 09/2016.

As per the RPF and the Ethiopia law, public and stakeholders’ consultation was carried out through formal meetings held in Tokuma Tsige, Haro Feyisa and Bedhasa Jarso/Mendera 24 Kebeles with Kebele officials, Woreda sector offices, PAPs, and also through informal meetings held with different sections of the community in the months of January to March 2017.

During public consultation the RAP preparation team discussed matters related to possible expropriation of properties, physical displacements and provisions like land to land compensations and monetary remunerations. Moreover, the public have openly and freely expressed their support and willingness for the upgrading of the road and are anxious to see that it starts immediately. Moreover, they mentioned that this was their dream for many years since the construction of the existing gravel and dusty road. Not only this but also, the project has to consider the future of their town and widen the road as much as possible without any fear of affecting the houses closer to the road. Though they are delighted and cooperative for the project cause, they all demanded:

• Receive compensation payments before demolition of properties,

• Compensation payments expected to be enough for reinstitution of livelihoods, • Remuneration payments for the damages incurred on properties, holding and use rights, • Construction of proper drainage system in not to disturb or endanger agricultural lands and plantations during and after constructions, • Reinstatement of detours, borrow and quarry sites after their usage is obsolete, • Compensation payments for the loss of properties due to detour roads and other ancillary works, • Special assistance for different vulnerable groups like old ages, female and child headed families, physically disables and sick peoples that will be affected by the project road. • Not to raise the level of the road from the existing and keep wider road by removing houses closer to the road, • Provide sufficient legal framework for people who will not be satisfied by the compensation rate, as much as possible avoid the Woreda administration or inform everything that comes out of the Woreda administration to the Kebele residences. This was raised because they were badly affected from previous telecom project by the Woreda administration. • The compensation and grievance redress committee must have representatives and PAPs. • post the list of PAPs along with the kind of properties affected by the project • transparent work procedure related to affected people • transfer compensation payments before the commencement of activities • consider season to relocate people, most stressed to construct their houses during the rainy season to easily harness rain water to put mud easily

Figure 11: Public consultation with Tokuma Tsige Kebele Residents and PAPs Moreover, the issues of traffic and occupational safety were hotly discussed by the participants during construction and post construction of the road. In the middle of the discussion issues related to design has appeared again by requesting to construct appropriate pedestrian walkway, widen the RoW, construct bus and taxi bays, erect appropriate traffic signals, and construct appropriate drainage structures that will not affect pedestrians, attract rubbish thrown and not affect houses or farmlands.

Figure 12: Public consultation with Bedhasa Jarso and Haro Feyisa Kebele Residents and PAPs

Figure 13: On - site discussion with PAPs (Right) Awareness rising at Protestant Church about the project

Figure 14: Public Awareness raising at Tsige Mariam Church and house to house awareness rising

10.2 Summary of Issues and Outcomes form Public Consultations • The road construction is critically important for the area. All people must cooperate for the successful implementation of the construction of the road project; • The two committees (asset valuation and complaints) must be clearly known to the local Kebeles; • The local Kebeles must have at least one representatives in the compensation committee; • The list of PAPs must be clearly indicated to the local Kebeles and residents; • Those whose houses are going to demolished must be given sufficient time to build their houses and move to the new establishments; • All of the assets must be taken into consideration for the valuation committee; • The issue of communicable diseases such malaria, STDs and HIV/AIDS must be given due attention; • All the necessary precaution actions shall be made to avoid construction mal activities like dumping spoil materials, solid and liquid waste disposals, improper usages of lands etc. • Do not attempt to start activities t the beginning of the rainy season as this area has big rainfall potential and the existing road has several challenges. In case the rain comes in the middle of activity period, organize maintenance crew to alleviate road associated problems; • Immediate reinstatement of borrow pit areas, quarry sites, temporary diversion roads, crusher and asphalt plant areas, main and sub-camps after their usages is finished after construction; • In relation to the various sociological and economic reasons like price inflation on rental houses, basic commodity items, possible clashes b/n construction workers and community members, Woreda officials demanded constructions of camps and sub-camps at fair distances from dense settlement areas and towns • Importance of ethical and professional supervision activities during construction of the project road i.e., construction of the project road as per its design standard and specifications; • Road and traffic safety issues during and after constructions were raised and public representatives demanded the employer to follow these variables accordingly; • Health and safety, employment opportunities for locals and the importance of executions of HIV/ AIDS and STDs alleviation program at the proposed project road were raised during the meetings and consultant sociologist responded based on ERA policy frame works like Resettlement/Rehabilitation and HIV/AIDS and STDs alleviation program at work places of ERA;

10.3 Other stakeholders’ consultation Consultation and discussion was held with local community based organizations and non–governmental organizations revealed that the construction of the road has important benefits for the development of the area. Besides the importance of the road for the development of the area, they stressed on the importance of mitigating impacts during and post construction phases. The following points summarize the outcomes of consultation with other stakeholders:

During the construction phase they raised issues related to:

• Sassiga Woreda town is 20 km away from the Kebeles traversed by the project, hence, Woreda compensation committee member must travel all the way to reach these Kebeles and ERA must avail transportation and related services for these personnel,

• All the necessary precautions must be put in place to protect rural water structures during the construction of the road project, • the spread of sexually transmitted diseases including HIV/AIDS, • pressure on locally available resources and utilities, • damage to soil and water conservation activities accomplished before the project, • damage to farmlands, grazing lands and wetlands by spoil material, • dust pollution from existing road and crusher plant operation, • job opportunity for the local unemployed youth and job related accidents, • traffic accident on school children especially for those located near the road (Tokuma Tsige elementary school, Bedhada Jarso elementary school, and Haro Fola primary school), • the issue of traffic safety post construction phase has been stressed since the road geometry will totally change,

Public and stakeholders consultation shall continue every quarter through community meetings to evaluate progress and updated new issues to the client. Moreover, consultations on LRP shall be handled by the social department representatives of the contractor and the consultant engineer.

11 Public Disclosure Public disclosure of the RAP will to be made to PAPs and other stakeholders after the draft RAP is commented and feedback integrated into the RAP. The purpose of the disclosure is to follow up its implementation.

As per WB guidelines, this RAP will also be disclosed in a form, manner and language comprehensible to PAPs and at a place accessible to the displaced population and other stakeholders for review and comments on entitlement measures.

Thus, once the final RAP document is approved by ERA and accepted by the World Bank Group, it will be disclosed first at national level and the Bank’s Public Information Centre and the Bank’s web site for public and stakeholders’ implementation and follow-up. Accordingly, the document with a summary of translation in local languages will be sent to the Oromia Regional State and its lowest administrative bodies. In addition, short brochures will be printed and distributed to inform people on the RAP implementation arrangements.

The executive summary consisting of the list of PAPs and the affected properties will be translated to Afan Oromo and Amharic languages for public disclosure. This will be done within two weeks after approval of the RAP document. This could be done by posting it in a range of publicly accessible places; such as, Woreda offices, Municipalities and Kebele administration office. Once it is disclosed, the public have to be notified through administrative and community about the availability of the RAP documents and be requested to make their suggestions and comments.

Comments and critiques made on the draft RAP by PAPs and other stakeholders will be taken by ERA for consideration in any of the revised draft. The FDRE will authorize WB to distribute this RAP electronically through its info shop for the public, interested groups and NGOs to review and comment in accordance to its disclosure policy. Similarly, ERA will also post it in its websites and receive comments.

12 RAP Implementation Schedule and Budget 12.1 RAP Implementation Schedule The implementation of this RAP requires the commitment and earnest involvement of the project proponent, local administrative organs, established committees, PAPs representatives, all PAPs, ministry of finance and economic cooperation, Ethiopian electric utility and the Woreda and Region water supply offices. Table below describes the schedule for the implementation of the RAP document.

Table 18: RAP implementation Schedule

No. Type of Activities Responsibility Time line (2018) Time line (2019) J F M A J F M A M J J A S O N D 1 Project Preparatory Activities 1.1 • Committee ERA, Western regional Formation directorate RoW department in X X • Awareness Creation collaboration with Sassiga Woreda and the affected Kebeles 2 RAP Implementation 2.1 • RoW Survey and ERA, Western regional reconfirm PAPs directorate RoW department in X X • Verification of entitled collaboration with Sassiga PAPs and their type Woreda and the affected Kebeles and level of losses • Fix compensation rate 2.2 • Identification of ERA, Western regional land for resettlement directorate RoW department in • Confirm relocation site collaboration with Sassiga X X Woreda and the affected Kebeles 2.3 Payment for ERA, Western regional X X X compensation directorate RoW department 2.4 Land preparation and PAPs X X X construction of new houses 2.5 PAPs move to new PAPs X X house/structure 3 Monitoring of RAP X X

12.2 Compensation and Relocation Planning All compensation and relocation activities will be completed ahead of the civil works where obstructions are available. Experience from other projects indicates that six to nine (6–9) months will be feasible for relocation/restoration of the affected people if proper support, guidance and supervisions are in place. Once the RAP document is approved by the World Bank group, it will be disclosed to the public. The process of RAP disclosure and notification to PAPs to open joint bank accounts, and reflect on the amount and kind of compensation they are entitled to receive will take around one month. If a PAP has complaints he will try to resolve it amicably where two weeks are required. If PAPs don’t have complaints they receive their compensation and relocate their assets in the soonest possible time. This final activity could take around two months to conclude.

The field assessment and data collection revealed that the 61 house owners whose houses are fully damaged requested to build their houses on the remaining plot of land after receiving compensation on time. As indicated in the aforementioned section the relocation process requires up to nine months for completion.

12.3 Reporting The RoW Western region branch who is the primary actor for the implementation of this RAP in collaboration with the Woreda administrative will produce will submit monthly and quarter reports to ERA Western Region directorate director. The ERA Western regional directorate director is responsible to submit quarter monitoring report to the World Bank Group concerning the implementation status of the RAP.

12.4 RAP Implementation Budget The source of funding for the implementation of the RAP implementation is the Ethiopian government and disbursement of the budget is subject to be monitored by the Ministry of Finance and Economic Cooperation, after ratified by the house of people’s representatives. The summery budget is presented below.

Table 19: Resettlement/Rehabilitation Budget

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No. Compensation to be paid for Compensation Amount (Birr) 7 Compensation for coffee trees 62,370.00 8 Compensation for other permanent trees 766,800.00 9 Compensation for affected social services 408,375.00 10 Livelihood restoration activities 1,789,650.00 11 A budget for HIV/AIDS prevention activities 2,120,000.00 12 A budget for vulnerable group members assistance 210,000.00 (3,000 Birr/person) 13 Budget for compensation Committee 300,450.00 14 Budget for resettlement committee (5 person, 300 180,000.00 birr/person, 5 days/month for two years) 15 Budget for grievance redress committee (5 person, 300 180,000.00 birr/person, 5 days/month for two years) 16 RAP monitoring 349,500.00 17 Electric poles and affected pipeline network 2,000,000.00 18 Total 35,831,512.44 19 Contingency (15%) 5,374,726.87 20 Grand Total 41,206,239.31

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13 Monitoring and Evaluation 13.1 General This monitoring and evaluation process will be an integral part of this RAP and will be a device for overseeing the implementation of RAP and the extent to which it complies with the plans set out in the RAP. Lessons learnt from the monitoring and evaluation results will be used to enhance the preparation and implementation of future resettlement action plans.

The monitoring and evaluation process will be participatory whereby all the stakeholders namely PAPs, Woreda, Municipality and Kebele administrations are involved. The monitoring and evaluation process of the implementation of this RAP will assess the implementation of the RAP and ensure that it is carried out as per the plan and as per the requirements. The purposes of the monitoring and evaluation are to:

• Monitor specific situations or difficulties arising from the implementation of the RAP and its compliance; • Evaluate the long and mid-term positive/negative impacts of the resettlement/rehabilitation framework on the project affected people and the community in the project area. Since this is eight year project, ERA’s social management team will monitor the status of PAPs throughout these years; based on the baseline socio – economic profile of the PAPs; • Verify actions described in the RAP are implemented; • Validate eligible PAPs receive their compensations prior to the civil work; • Make sure the magnitude of RAP actions and compensation measures in restoring or improving pre- project livelihoods and lost incomes. This is achieved by supporting PAPS as per their training needs and providing opportunities to work in the project; • Authenticate complaints and grievances forwarded by project affected people followed up and appropriate corrective measures are taken; • If necessary, changes in RAP procedures are made to improve delivery of entitlements to project affected people;

13.2 Internal Monitoring Internal monitoring is a continuous process that helps to ensure the implementation of the RAP complies with the approved one. It will be conducted by the social management team of the ERA at least once a month on a site visit. Task force composed of ERA in house experts has been organized to handle such monitoring across the World Bank Financed Projects. The local administration (Woreda) will also conduct its own monitoring of the RAP or in collaboration with the ESMT of ERA.

The monitoring report by ESMT staff will be submitted to local authorities (Woreda and Municipality). A copy of this will be submitted to EPA and ESMT of ERA. It will also be enclosed in the construction progress reports submitted by supervising engineers.

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13.3 External Evaluation The objective of the external monitoring and evaluation is to ensure that the project affected persons have secured and able to maintain at least their livelihood prior to the upgrading of the project road. It will be done every six months period.

The Federal or the Regional social and labor bureaus will be responsible for the external monitoring of the RAP. Representatives of the Federal or Regional social and labor bureaus will have significant role in the external monitoring and evaluation of the implementation of the RAP every quarter. External evaluators will share responsibilities on the variables they will monitor and the logistics and related costs will be covered by the respective departments. The evaluators will use ERA’s standard format for the evaluation of the implantation of this RAP. The WB supervision missions will also serve as one of the external monitoring mechanisms.

At the end of all expropriation/compensation operations, ERA will hire an independent consultant to conduct a household survey on resettled PAPs to evaluate the impacts of the resettlement and other implemented social mitigation measures. During the survey, in addition to the resettled PAPs, Woreda and Kebele level administrations will be consulted to provide their assessments of the impacts of the mitigation measures.

After completion of the resettlement/rehabilitation operations, it is expected that PAPs will be better off than prior to resettlement. Therefore, resettlement/rehabilitation operations need to be monitored as regard performance and compliance with the set goals. The evaluation report will be used as a planning instrument to correct pending issues and suggest a post-RAP monitoring period in the aim to ensure that PAPs have not been subject to impoverishment induced by the project. The post-RAP implementation evaluation for the first section will continue until project completes the second and third part i.e., the second and third year. In addition to this, since this is an eight year project, the ERA has time to assess and make improvements in the implementation of the RAP for the remaining sections. As per the existing project situation, collaboration with local stakeholders and planning, the livelihood restoration activities will be achieved. There are no serious obstacles to hamper the livelihood restoration activities to achieve its target. Moreover, in the remaining sections, there are no obstructions needing the livelihood restoration activities. To assess the achievements and progress of the implementation of the RAP, ERA will organize project completion workshops with other Government agencies and representatives of PAPs.

13.4 Monitoring Indicators The table below describes the input and output monitoring indicators to be used by the monitoring team during implementation of the RAP.

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Table 20: Input and Output monitoring indicators

Input Indicators Tentative timeframe Logistic inputs for the RoW agent to establish different One week committees Per diem for RoW agent during valuation and compensation Throughout project period Per diem for members of committees during compensation Throughout project period Training guideline, training and stationary materials for One week committee members Land for land compensation Throughout project period Financial input for monetary compensation Throughout project period Output Indicators Tentative timeframe Establish RAP Implementation Committees at all levels One week Conduct workshop for the RAP Implementation Committees and One week local authorities concerning the process and responsibility Confirm compensation and rates and relocation options through Two weeks consultation with RAP committee and the Woreda Administration Opening joint bank account by PAPs One week Payment of Compensation Five weeks Provision of land Four weeks Construction of new houses Six weeks ( it is assumed that a household will take to complete its construction in six weeks) Relocation of public utilities (electricity and telephone) by service Six weeks providers Number of PAPs involved in their preferred training for Four weeks after livelihood restoration plan completion of the training Number of PAPs who started their preferred livelihood activity Four weeks after after the trainings completion of training Number of PAPs who reported success or failure in their new Six weeks after final livelihood monitoring visit

The monitoring report by the RAP Resettlement Committee will be submitted to the local authority. A copy of this will be submitted to the Zone and Regional State Bureau of Land & Environmental Protection and by the ESMT of ERA. It will also be enclosed in the construction progress reports

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submitted by supervising engineers. Only in this way can RAP implementation be monitored and problems identified and quickly resolved. The main purpose of monitoring will be to verify:

• If actions and commitments described in the RAP are implemented; • If eligible PAPs receive their compensation prior to the civil work; • The magnitude of RAP actions and compensation measures in restoring and improving pre- project livelihoods and lost incomes; • If complaints and grievances forwarded by project affected people are followed up and appropriate corrective measures are taken; • If necessary changes in RAP procedures are made to improve delivery of entitlements to PAPs; • If compensation disbursement is made to correct parties; • The physical progress of resettlement and rehabilitation; • Restoration of social services and amenities; • Special care and assistance provided to social groups in need of additional assistance.

All Monitoring and Evaluation Reports including Monthly and Quarterly Implementation Status Reports will be submitted to the World Bank.

13.5 Responsible Authority As already indicated in the aforementioned sections the implementation of this RAP is vested primarily to ERA. On the other hand, the internal monitoring of the implementation of this RAP also remains the responsibility of ERA. The ESMT of ERA shall monitor the implementation of this RAP aiming to correct implementation methods during the course of the project as required.

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14 References FDRE. (1995). The Constitution of Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia (Proc. No. 1/1995).

Addis Ababa.

FDRE. (1997a). The Environmental Policy of Ethiopia, Addis Ababa.

FDRE. (2002a). A Proclamation for the Establishment of Environmental Protection Organs (Proc. No. 295/2002). Addis Ababa.

FDRE. (2002b). Environmental Impact Assessment Proclamation (Proclamation No. 299/2002).

Addis Ababa.

FDRE. (2002c). Environmental Pollution Control Proclamation (Proclamation No. 300/2002). Addis Ababa.

FDRE. (2005). Proclamation for to Provide for the Expropriation of Land Holdings for Public Purposes and Payment of Compensation (Proclamation No. 455/2005). Addis Ababa.

FDRE, (2013), Road Sector Development Program 16 year Performance Assessment, October, 2013. Addis Ababa.

FDRE: ERA: (14th May 2010) Strategic Review of Ethiopian Road Sector Development: Past and Current Performance – Road Safety

FDRE: ERA: (February, 2013) The Socio-Environmental and Road Safety Performance Monitoring for Southern Region Road Projects;

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14.1 Annexes 14.2 Annex 1. Minutes of Public Consultation

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14.3 Annex 2. Sample Photos of Affected Houses taken during Household Survey

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14.4 Annex 3. List of names of PAPs whose different properties are affected Table 21: List of persons whose houses / businesses are affected

N Occupier S Start Coordinate End Coordinate Statio Type of construction Tota o ’s Name e n material l

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x x y x y Dire wall Floo Roo L W Are 2 c r f (m) (m) a m tion 1 Wood Soil CIS Desta 22579 101601 22579 101602 12+05 M L and 5.80 6.5 Kedida 2 8 1 2 7 37.7 mud 0 0 2 Wood Soil CIS Dereje 22578 101604 22578 101604 12+07 M L and 8.50 7.0 Gurmu 2 0 3 6 5 59.5 mud 0 0 3 Wood Soil CIS Tamiru 22578 101605 22578 101605 12+09 M L and 7.80 6.5 Tola 1 4 1 9 0 50.7 mud 0 0 4 Ebisie F Wood Soil Gras 22625 101735 22625 101734 13+46 Fufa L and s 2.00 4.0 7 1 4 8 0 8.00 mud 0 5 Concre Con CIS Melkam 22577 101611 22577 101611 12+14 M L te cr 8.00 7.0 u Dabela 9 6 8 9 8 5.46 ete 0 6 Jiregna Wood Soil CIS 22601 101678 22601 101678 12+62 Terfa R and 4.40 3.8 6 2 8 7 8 16.7 mud 0 2 M Wood Soil CIS 22591 101656 22591 101657 12+61 R and 11.6 4.3 5 6 9 2 8 49.8 mud 0 0 8 7 Kes. Wood Soil CIS 22590 101655 22590 101655 12+60 Mulatu M R and 4.60 2.3 8 3 9 8 2 10.6 Asfaw mud 1 3 8 Wood Soil CIS Girma 22591 101656 22597 101657 12+61 M R and 8.80 4.6 Debella 1 6 6 8 4 40.4 mud 0 8 9 Wood Soil CIS Jorge 22501 101653 22501 101654 12+59 F R and 2.30 3.5 Ejeta 1 8 6 1 4 8.05 mud 0 1 Wood Con CIS 0 22590 101653 22590 101654 12+58 and cr Seal 2.30 6.1 M R 14.0 4 3 7 0 7 mud ete e 0 3 Tarekegn d Olfudha Wood Soil CIS 22587 101647 22586 101647 12+51 M R and 13.3 4.6 7 2 9 5 6 61.1 mud 0 0 8 1 Tamene Wood Soil CIS 22587 101641 22587 101646 12+50 1 Mekonne M R and 2.50 5.3 8 8 5 6 4 13.2 n mud 0 5 1 Concre Con CIS 2 Kassahu 22583 101640 22583 101639 12+44 te cr Seal 5.00 4.8 M L 24.0 n Adane 6 2 5 7 3 ete e 0 0 d 1 Concre Con CIS Fekade 22583 101638 22584 101638 12+42 3 M R te cr 2.00 4.2 Chamiru 9 5 6 7 0 8.40 ete 0

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1 Wood Soil CIS 5.5 4 Alemi 22581 101632 22581 101632 12+35 and 8.50 0 46.7 F L Busho 4 5 2 4 5 mud 5

N Occupier S Start Coordinate End Coordinate Di Statio Type of construction material Tot o ’s Name e r n al x ec Are t a io m2 n x y x y wall Floo Ro L W r of (m (m ) ) 1 M Wood Soil CIS Tamirat 2259 10165 2259 10165 12+4 5 L and mud 2.8 Samuel 00 11 02 14 50 4.6 12.8 0 0 8 1 Wood Cem CIS 6 and mud e nt 2.8 4.7 13.1 Melaku 2258 10162 2258 10162 12+3 M R Con 0 0 6 Garuma 15 86 13 90 30 cr ete 1 Workine Wood Soil CIS 2258 10162 2258 10162 12+6 7 sh F R and mud 2.9 13 90 17 93 40 4.9 14.2 Garuma 0 0 1 1 Wood Soil CIS 2258 10162 2258 10162 12+3 8 L and mud 6.0 4.0 24.0 03 79 02 85 20 0 Fikiru 0 0 M Tamiru Wood Soil CIS 2258 10162 2257 10162 12+2 L and mud 1.4 00 64 96 59 90 5.4 7.56 0 0

1 Jalata Wood Soil CIS 2258 10164 2258 10164 12+2 9 Temesge M L and mud 4.2 89 51 91 55 75 3.8 15.9 n 0 0 6 2 Cement Cem CIS 0 Concrete e nt seal 4.8 4.4 21.1 Gashure 2258 10164 2258 10165 12+5 M L Con e 0 0 2 Terfasa 71 85 70 06 32 cr d ete 2 Wood Soil CIS Feyisa 2258 10165 2258 10165 12+5 1 M L and mud 5.7 Beyene 80 06 78 08 50 3.2 18.2 0 0 4 2 Wood Soil CIS Alemu 2258 10165 2258 10165 12+5 2 M L and mud 4.0 Fekadu 90 19 89 23 64 3.6 14.4 0 0 0 2 Kes. Wood Soil CIS 3 Sahilu 2258 10165 2258 10165 12+5 and mud 4.0 M L 4.4 17.6 W/Gabri 91 36 89 38 87 0 0 0 el

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2 Wood Soil CIS Gemech 2258 10165 2259 10165 12+5 4 M L and mud 6.0 u Bekele 99 46 00 47 94 3.3 19.8 0 0 0 2 Kebede Wood Soil CIS 2259 10166 2259 10166 12+6 5 Beri M R and mud 3.7 35 07 28 11 63 4.8 17.7 0 0 6 2 Wood Soil CIS Alemaye 2259 10165 2259 10165 12+6 6 M L and mud 7.0 hu Beri 08 89 11 94 36 5.0 35.0 0 0 0 2 Debela M 2257 10161 2257 10161 12+1 Wood Soil CIS 7 Keno 78 19 79 19 L 50 and mud 1.4 7.0 7.80 0 0 2 Geleta M 2258 10163 2258 10163 12+1 Wood Soil CIS 8 Wakjira 78 40 77 42 L 62 and mud 0.4 8.0 3.20 0 0 2 Temesge M 2257 10161 2257 10161 12+1 Wood Soil CIS 9 n 81 47 76 56 L 85 and mud 0.6 8.0 2.40 Wakjira 0 0 3 Wakjira M 2258 10163 2258 10163 12+1 Wood Soil CIS 0 Cibsa 79 73 79 76 L 95 and mud 2.0 3.0 6.00 0 0 3 Tamesge M 2257 10161 2257 10161 L 12+1 Wood Soil CIS 1 n Fufa 82 43 78 48 70 and mud 0.5 8.2 4.40 0 0 3 Tirunesh F 2258 10163 2258 10163 R 12+4 Wood Soil CIS 2 Gebeyeh 55 91 51 96 33 and mud 1.1 8.0 8.80 u 0 0 33 Getachew M 22586 101646 22586 101646 L 12+50 Wood and Soil CIS 2.35 Gurmu 4 5 7 9 8 mud 5.00 11.75 34 Kefyalew M 22586 101647 22587 101647 L 12+51 Wood and Soil CIS 1.50 Tadesse 8 2 1 7 6 mud 3.00 4.50 35 Asrat M 22584 101642 22584 101643 L 12+46 Wood and Soil CIS 0.78 Mitiku 4 5 6 0 4 mud 4.50 3.51 36 Fanton M 22584 101642 22584 101643 L 12+46 Wood and Soil CIS 0.73 Mitiku 4 5 6 0 4 mud 4.50 3.29 37 Degu M 22590 101653 22591 101654 L 12+34 Wood and Soil CIS 1.78 Edosa 8 6 1 8 2 mud 3.00 5.34 38 Nado M 22595 101666 22595 101666 L 12+49 Wood and Soil CIS 3.00 Bulcha and 2 2 5 9 0 mud 5.00 15.00 Yashi Atinabache w 39 Tadele M 22589 101647 22589 101647 L 12+29 Concrete soil CIS 6.00 Kajele 4 3 3 6 5 8.00 48.00 40 Yeshi F 22588 101641 22588 101641 L 12+26 Wood and Soil CIS 1.70 8.00 13.60 Garbo 6 4 4 9 0 mud 41 Tabote F 22592 101658 22592 101659 L 12+41 Wood and Soil CIS 2.30 Ebisa 3 8 3 0 0 mud 3.00 6.90 42 Tola Ejeta F 22582 101633 22582 101634 R 12+37 Wood and Soil CIS 1.50 (Desi 9 9 5 0 2 mud 5.00 7.50 Gemeda Rented)

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43 Tato Genet F 22590 101644 22590 101645 R 12+27 Wood and Soil CIS 2.45 2 7 4 3 5 mud 7.50 18.38 44 Girma M 22590 101644 22590 101644 R 12+26 Wood and Soil CIS 1.55 Regassa 0 4 1 6 6 mud 3.50 48.00 45 Bekele M 22592 101651 22592 101652 R 12+35 Concrete Ceme CIS 0.50 Kajele 3 9 4 9 0 nt 8.00 4.00 Concr ete 46 Shibiru M 22594 101664 22594 101664 L 12+47 Concrete Ceme CIS 1.96 Bobosha 5 1 7 5 2 nt 6.00 11.76 Concr ete 47 Dinka M 22595 101666 22595 101667 L 12+50 Wood and Soil CIS 1.30 5.00 6.50 Geleta 5 8 7 4 3 mud 48 Wakgari M 22596 101663 22596 101664 R 12+48 Wood and Soil CIS 2.40 1.50 Geleta 2 9 4 9 5 mud 27.60 49 Alamitu F 22594 101660 22594 101661 R 12+43 Wood and Soil CIS 1.70 7.00 11.90 Ejeta 6 8 8 0 5 mud 50 Fanaye F 22594 101661 22594 101661 R 12+44 Wood and Soil CIS 1.80 0.50 9.00 Bulcha 8 1 9 4 0 mud 51 Temesgen M 22593 101663 22593 101657 R 12+39 Wood and Soil CIS 1.80 8.00 3.50 Nagashu 1 1 6 0 5 mud 52 Zenabu F 22569 101636 22586 101640 L 12+37 Wood and Soil CIS 2.50 7.30 7.80 Terfa 2 5 0 5 2 mud 53 Bobosha M 22598 101670 22598 101670 RH 12+54 Wood and Soil CIS 2.30 3.50 1.05 Etana 7 0 9 3 S 0 mud 54 Adugna M 22596 101669 22596 101669 L 12+52 Wo Soil CIS 3.8 3.80 14.63 Jote 6 4 6 6 8 od and 5 mud 55 Tadesse M 22598 101668 22598 101669 R 12+52 Concrete Ceme CIS 4.2 3.10 55.02 Mangistie 1 3 3 3 8 nCon 0 cre 56 Chaltu F 22598 101672 22598 101673 R 12+56 Wood an Soil CIS 3.30 9.11 Tujuba 1 9 0 0 4 mud d 2.7 6 57 Tune F 22597 101667 22597 101667 R 12+51 Wood an Soil CIS 8.00 11.60 Mangistu 3 2 4 6 0 mud d 1.4 5 58 Melkamu M 22602 101683 22602 101683 L 12+68 Wood an Soil CIS 4.00 9.20 Takele 2 3 2 5 0 mud d 2.3 0 59 Takele M 22601 101681 22601 101681 L 12+66 Wood an Soil Hatch 4.00 11.20 Bedhasa 5 7 6 9 3 mud d e 2.8 0 60 Dereje M 22636 101755 22636 101755 R 13+47 Wood an Soil CIS 4.00 10.40 Asfaw 2 5 3 8 7 mud d 2.6 0 61 Teferi M 22625 101733 22626 101733 R 13+46 Wood an Soil CIS 2.00 4.40 Asfaw 9 4 2 4 0 mud d 2.2 0 62 Hika Abera M 22620 101725 22626 101725 R 13+14 Wood an Soil CIS 5.00 13.70 9 5 1 9 0 mud d 2.7 4 63 Kibrie F 22609 101706 22610 101706 L 13+14 Wood an Soil CIS 7.00 7.70 Tesfaye 9 0 2 4 8 mud d 1.1 0 64 Wendimu M 22596 101665 22596 101665 R 12+48 Wood an Soil CIS 5.00 11.50 Negese 8 1 9 6 7 mud d 124

2.3 0 65 Shimelis M 22589 101652 22590 101652 L 12+34 Wood an Soil CIS 7.00 6.58 Mosissa 9 4 3 8 6 mud d 0.9 4 66 Kebele F 22588 101643 22588 101643 L 12+26 Wood an Soil CIS 4.00 1.72 House 0 3 2 7 0 mud d 0.4 3 67 Husiene M 22744 102400 22744 102400 L 20+52 Wood an Soil CIS 3.0 4.00 12.00 Yusuf 8 5 6 0 0 mud d 0 68 Ahmed M 22741 102411 22741 102411 L 20+67 Wood an Soil CIS 3.00 8.40 Seid 5 2 4 2 8 mud d 2.8 0 69 Mekonne M 22732 102432 22733 102432 L 20+90 Concrete Ceme CIS 4.00 Abdi 4 6 0 4 2 nt 0.3 1.20 Concr 0 ete 70 Amenu M 22705 102058 22704 102058 L 17+45 Wood and Soil Hatch 2.0 4.00 8.00 Sori 0 1 8 4 6 mud e 0 71 Kitila M 22728 102111 22729 102114 L 17+21 Wood and Soil CIA 4.0 5.00 20.00 Nemera 1 9 4 5 0 mud 0

Table 22: List of persons whose Grazing lands are affected

N Occupie S Start Coordinate End Coordinate Stati Dire L W Tota r’s e o n ct (m l o x y x y (m) Name x ion ) Area m2 1 Gemeda 2276 10108 2276 10108 6+04 RH 35 360. Alemay M 10.3 39 66 31 74 0 S .0 5 ehu 2 RH Ketchin 2276 10108 2275 10109 6+07 S & 66 627. M 9.5 u Jaleta 31 74 94 32 5 LH .0 0 S 3 Tadelle M 2275 10109 2275 10109 6+14 RH 16 7 112. Wedajo 94 32 93 56 0 S .0 0 4 Fite M 2275 10109 2275 10101 6+15 RH 64 6.44 412. Jaleta 93 56 77 64 6 S .0 75 6 5 RH Mulgeta 2274 10116 2247 10117 7+13 S & 20 486. M 24.3 Bayisa 03 51 41 10 0 LH .0 0 S 6 Dembel M 2273 10113 2247 10113 5+60 LH 75 .8 1998 Debela 03 51 31 10 0 S 25 .1 . 125

7 Shume M 2264 10188 2264 10189 14+8 RH 57 1.5 85.5 Tolasa 60 89 69 34 43 S 0 8 Emana M 2264 10189 2264 10190 14+9 RH 80 1.5 120. Jaleta 74 42 87 11 00 S 00 9 Nagash M 2264 10190 2264 10190 14+9 RH 40 1.5 60.0 Yadasa 92 21 96 48 80 S 0 1 Balina M 2264 10190 2265 10190 15+0 RH 40 1.5 60.0 0 Eeba 99 52 03 70 20 S 0 1 Wakjira M 2265 10190 2265 10191 15+0 RH 40 1.5 60.0 1 Terfasa 04 73 20 13 40 S 0 1 Dadhi M 2265 10191 2265 10191 15+1 LH 30 3 90.0 2 Bortola 00 25 15 74 00 S 0 1 Ebise F 2266 10195 2266 10196 15+5 LH 20 2.2 44.0 3 Amante 52 76 62 01 40 S 0 1 Asmara M 2267 10198 2268 10199 15+8 RH 80 7.4 592. 4 Nemera 98 88 16 35 80 S 00 1 Teshom M 2272 10210 2272 10210 16+1 LH 30 3 90.0 5 e Muleta 57 62 68 90 60 S 0 1 Nagasho M 2272 10210 2272 10211 17+1 LH 20 3 60.0 6 Namara 69 90 79 13 90 S 0 1 Kitila M 2272 10211 2272 10211 17+2 LH 40 3 120. 7 Namara 81 19 94 45 10 S 00

Table 23: List of persons whose Farm lands are affected

START CO- END CO- Total START END W N OCCUPIE SE DIREC L ORDINATE ORDINATE STATI STATI (m Area O. R'S NAME X TI ON (m) 2 ON ON ) ( m ) x y x y 1 Dembel M 2277 10107 2276 10108 5+820 5+960 LHS 20.0 4.0 80.0 Debela 62 06 76 22 2 Gurmesa M 2277 10107 2276 10108 5+800 5+960 RHS 11.5 80. 920. Leta 92 26 98 02 0 0

3 Tamiru M 2278 10106 2277 10107 5+840 5+860 LHS 20.0 4.0 80.0 Bekele 02 75 60 34 4 Idosa M 2277 10108 2276 10108 5+960 5+983 LHS 19.0 26. 494. Debela 69 01 43 74 0 0 5 Gemeda M 2277 10108 2276 10108 5+983 6+040 LHS 20.0 4.0 80.0 Debela 69 01 23 50 0 0

Ketchinu M 2276 10108 2276 10108 5+953 5+983 RHS 30.0 5.4 162. Jaleta 72 25 72 25 0 6 Ketchinu M 2275 10112 2275 10111 6+380 6+440 LHS 10.5 27. 283. Jaleta 88 19 74 79 0 5 7 Eba Borena M 2276 10108 2276 10108 5+983 6+040 RHS 57.0 8.4 478. 98 26 39 66 8

8 Doi Fufa F 2275 10112 2275 10111 6+380 6+440 LHS 10.5 34. 357. 88 19 74 79 0 0 9 Ayana M 2275 19111 2276 10112 6+440 6+480 LHS 40.0 8.0 320. Jaleta 74 79 24 67 0

126

Oljira 2276 10112 2276 10113 6+500 6+538 RHS 38.0 1.5 57.0 Gemechu 36 88 50 19 10 M 2276 10114 2277 10114 6+660 6+702 RHS 42.0 4.0 168. 95 32 18 70 0 Geleta 2277 10114 2277 10115 6+720 6+740 R and L 20.0 27. 540. Bulcha 15 86 14 02 0 0 11 M 2277 10115 2276 10115 6+760 6+800 R and L 40.0 40. 1612 14 02 93 66 3 .0

12 Birhanu 2276 10115 2275 10116 6+800 6+960 R and L 160. 40. 6400 Tolera 93 66 56 14 0 0 .0 M 2274 10116 2275 10116 7+000 7+032 RHS 32.0 19. 608. 85 12 10 11 0 0 13 Tamane M 2274 10116 2274 10116 7+040 7+100 RHS 60.0 20. 1200 Oljira 46 30 81 10 0 .0

14 Wagari M 2274 10116 2274 10181 7+040 7+076 R and L 36.0 26. 936. Galata 41 28 68 59 0 0 15 Fixe Jalata M 2274 10116 2274 10116 7+040 7+080 RHS 40.0 5.5 220. 58 48 88 18 0 16 Gemechu M 2266 10129 2266 10129 8+640 8+660 RHS 20.0 1.0 20.0 Hambisa 76 46 51 75

17 Dereje M 2266 10129 2266 10129 8+660 8+700 RHS 40.0 1.0 40.0 Hambisa 51 75 43 83 18 Teshome 2279 10226 2279 10226 35 3.5 122. Muleta M 64 62 67 94 18+930 18+965 LHS 5 19 Alemu 2279 10226 2279 10226 23 3 69 Nagesso M 64 62 67 94 18+965 18+988 LHS

20 Hambisa 2279 10227 2279 10227 21 2.5 52.5 Bobo M 67 22 67 42 18+988 19+009 LHS 21 Gudeta 2279 10227 2279 10227 11 4.5 49.5 Damoshe M 67 42 67 67 19+009 19+020

Table 24: List of Different Trees Affected by Sections

Type of Tree Km 5 to 10 km 10 to 15 km 15 to 22 Total

Eucalyptus, 8,966 968 103 10,037

Bissana, 916 165 52 1,133

Tid, 360 478 156 994

Abeyi, 246 246

Fictus, 4 4

Coffee, 123 50 124 297

Muka Arba, 92 6 5 103

Reji, 616 616

Wanza, 13 23 10 46 127

Bosoka, 4 4

Gelano, 12 4 21 37

Banana, 48 292 16 356

Mango, 1 40 65 106

Avocado, 19 37 43 99

Gravillia, 125 103 31 259

Gesho 5 11 16

Komogno, 5 2 7

Khat, 190 41 231

Cheka 3 31 34

Girawa 26 8 11 45

Jakaranda 188 43 231

Jatropha, 18 18

Suspania, 14 14

Shiwashiwe, 6 6

Nim, 95 95

Papaya, 2 2

Abeba zaf 102 102

Cactus 10 10

Cotton 1 1

Grand Total 15,149

128

14.5 Annex 5: Baseline PAPs Household Income

START CO- END CO- Affected Monthly OCCUPIE S N house Income R'S ORDINATE ORDINATE DI Statio O. E R n NAME X x y x y 1 Desta M 225792 101601 22579 101602 LH 12+0 Shop 8,000.00 Kedida 8 1 2 S 57

2 Dereje M 225782 101604 22578 101604 LH 12+0 Residenc 8,000.00 Gurmu 0 3 6 S 75 e

3 Tamiru M 225781 101605 22578 101605 LH 12+0 Residenc 1,500.00 Tola 4 1 9 S 90 e

4 Ebisie F 226257 101735 22625 101734 LH 13+4 Residenc 500.00 Fufa 1 4 8 S 60 e

5 Melkamu M 225779 101611 22577 101611 LH 12+1 Residenc 4,268.00 Dabela 6 8 9 S 48 e

Jiregna 101678 22601 101678 RH 12+6 Store 226016 Terfa 2 8 7 S 28 12,000.00 6 M 225915 101656 22591 101657 RH 12+6 Store 14,333.00 6 9 2 S 18

Kes. Business 101655 22590 101655 RH 12+6 7 Mulatu M 225908 + 2,500.00 3 9 8 S 02 Asfaw residence

Business Girma 101656 22597 101657 RH 12+6 8 M 225911 + 15,000.00 Debella 6 6 8 S 14 residence

Business Jorge 101653 22501 101654 RH 12+5 9 F 225011 + 600.00 Ejeta 8 6 1 S 94 residence

Tarekegn 101653 22590 101654 RH 12+5 Residenc M 225904 Olfudha 3 7 0 S 87 e 10 Tarekegn M 225877 101647 22586 101647 RH 12+5 Business 45,000.00 Olfudha 2 9 5 S 16

Tamene 101641 22587 101646 RH 12+5 Butcher M 225878 500.00 11 Mekonnen 8 5 6 S 04 House

Kassahun 101640 22583 101639 LH 12+4 Barber 12 M 225836 15,000.00 Adane 2 5 7 S 43 Shop

13 Fekade M 225839 101638 22584 101638 RH 12+4 Shop 30,000.00 Chamiru 5 6 7 S 20

14 Alemi F 225814 101632 22581 101632 LH 12+3 Restaura 3,000.00 Busho 5 2 4 S 55 nt

15 Tamirat M 225900 101651 22590 101651 LH 12+4 Business 20,000.00 Samuel 1 2 4 S 50

Melaku 101628 22581 101629 RH 12+3 Shop 16 M 225815 35,000.00 Garuma 6 3 0 S 30 share wall with

129

next house

Workinesh 101629 22581 101629 RH 12+6 Business 17 F 225813 20,000.00 Garuma 0 7 3 S 40

Fikiru M 22580 10162 2258 10162 L 12+ Shop 30,000.00 Tamiru 3 79 02 85 H 320 S 18 Fikiru M 22580 10162 2257 10162 L 12+ Reside 25,000.00 Tamiru 0 64 96 59 H 290 nce S 19 Jalata M 22588 10164 2258 10164 L 12+ shop 20,000.00 Temesge 9 51 91 55 H 275 n S 20 Gashure M 22587 10164 2258 10165 L 12+ Busine 500.00 Terfasa 1 85 70 06 H 532 ss S 21 Feyisa M 22588 10165 2258 10165 L 12+ Busine 6,000.00 Beyene 0 06 78 08 H 550 ss S 22 Alemu M 22589 10165 2258 10165 L 12+ residen 600.00 Fekadu 0 19 89 23 H 564 ce S 23 Kes. M 22589 10165 2258 10165 L 12+ Reside 3,137.00 Sahilu 1 36 89 38 H 587 nce W/Gabri S el 24 Gemech M 22589 10165 2259 10165 L 12+ Busine 2,000.00 u Bekele 9 46 00 47 H 594 ss S Kebede R shop Not 22593 10166 2259 10166 12+ 25 Beri M H willing to 5 07 28 11 663 S disclose 26 Alemaye M 22590 10165 2259 10165 L 12+ Store 3,000.00 hu Beri 8 89 11 94 H 636 S Debela M 22577 10161 2257 10161 L 12+ Reside Not 27 Keno 8 19 79 19 H 150 nce willing to S disclose 28 Geleta M 22587 10163 2258 10163 L 12+ Reside 600.00 Wakjira 8 40 77 42 H 162 nce S Temesge M 22578 10161 2257 10161 L 12+ Reside Not 29 n 1 47 76 56 H 185 nce willing to Wakjira 1 S disclose 30 Wakjira M 22587 10163 2258 10163 L 12+ Reside 1,200.00 Cibsa 9 73 79 76 H 195 nce S 31 Tamesge M 22578 10161 2257 10161 L 12+ Reside 10,000.00 n Fufa 2 43 78 48 H 170 nce S

130

32 Tirunesh F 22585 10163 2258 10163 R 12+ Reside 10,000.00 Gebeyeh 5 91 51 96 H 433 nce u S 33 Getache M 22586 10164 2258 10164 L 12+ Reside 4,000.00 w Gurmu 4 65 67 69 H 508 nce S 34 Kefyale M 22586 10164 2258 10164 L 12+ Reside 500.00 w 8 72 71 77 H 516 nce Tadesse S 35 Asrat M 22584 10164 2258 10164 L 12+ Reside 500.00 Mitiku 4 25 46 30 H 464 nce S Fanton M 22584 10164 2258 10164 L 12+ Busine Mitiku 4 25 46 30 H 464 ss+ 36 11,000.00 S residen ce 37 Degu M 22590 10165 2259 10165 L 12+ Reside 10,000.00 Edosa 8 36 11 48 H 342 nce S Nado M 22595 10166 2259 10166 L 12+ Reside 2 62 55 69 H 490 nce Bulcha S

38 and 4,000.00 Yashi Atinabac hew 39 Tadele M 22589 10164 2258 10164 L 12+ Reside 20,000.00 Kajele 4 73 93 76 H 295 nce S 40 Yeshi F 22588 10164 2258 10164 L 12+ Reside 100.00 Garbo 6 14 84 19 H 260 nce S Tabote F 22592 10165 2259 10165 L 12+ Reside Not 41 Ebisa 3 88 23 90 H 410 nce willing to S disclose Tola F 22582 10163 2258 10163 R 12+ Reside 42 Ejeta 9 39 25 40 H 372 nce S 3000.00 Tato F 2259 10164 2259 10164 RHS 12+275 Reside Not Genet 02 47 04 53 nce willin 4 g to 3 discl ose 4 Girma M 2259 10164 2259 10164 RHS 12+266 Reside 4 Regass 00 44 01 46 nce 23,15 a 0.00 Bekele M 2259 10165 2259 10165 RHS 12+350 Reside Not Kajele 23 19 24 29 nce willin 4 g to 5 discl ose

131

Shibiru M 2259 10166 2259 10166 LHS 12+472 Busine

4 Bobos 45 41 47 45 ss+ 18,00 6 ha residen 0.00 ce Dinka M 2259 10166 2259 10166 LHS 12+503 Busine

4 Geleta 55 68 57 74 ss+ 10,00 7 residen 0.00 ce Wakga M 2259 10166 2259 10166 RHS 12+485 Reside Not ri 62 39 64 49 nce willin 4 Geleta g to 8 discl ose Alamit F 2259 10166 2259 10166 RHS 12+435 Busine 4 u Ejeta 46 08 48 10 ss 4,000 9 butcher .00 5 Fanaye F 2259 10166 2259 10166 RHS 12+440 Reside 0 Bulcha 48 11 49 14 nce 5,000 .00 5 Temes M 2259 10166 2259 10165 RHS 12+395 Reside 5400. 1 gen 31 31 36 70 nce 00 Nagash u 5 Zenabu F 2256 10163 2258 10164 LHS 12+372 Reside 2 Terfa 92 65 60 05 nce 3,300 .00 5 Bobos M 2259 10167 2259 10167 RHS 12+540 Busine 3 ha 87 00 89 03 ss 2,000 Etana .00 5 Adugn M 2259 10166 2259 10166 LHS 12+528 Reside 3 a Jote 66 94 66 96 nce 7,000 .00 Tadess M 2259 10166 2259 10166 RHS 12+528 Busine

5 e 81 83 83 93 ss+ 3,700 5 Mangis residen .00 tie ce 5 Chaltu F 2259 10167 2259 10167 RHS 12+564 Reside 6 Tujuba 81 29 80 30 nce 500.0 0 5 Tune F 2259 10166 2259 10166 RHS 12+510 Reside 7 Mangis 73 72 74 76 nce 200.0 tu 0 5 Melka M 2260 10168 2260 10168 LHS 12+680 Shop 8 mu 22 33 22 35 5,000 Takele .00 5 Takele M 2260 10168 2260 10168 LHS 12+663 Tea 9 Bedhas 15 17 16 19 shop 6,200 a .00 6 Dereje M 2263 10175 2263 10175 RHS 13+477 Shop 0 Asfaw 62 55 63 58 1,500 .00

132

6 Teferi M 2262 10173 2262 10173 RHS 13+460 Shop 1 Asfaw 59 34 62 34 1,500 .00 6 Hika M 2262 10172 2262 10172 RHS 13+140 Shop 2 Abera 09 55 61 59 6,000 .00 Kibrie F 2260 10170 2261 10170 LHS 13+148 Reside Not Tesfay 99 60 02 64 nce/ willin 6 e g to 3 Rented discl ose 6 Wendi M 2259 10166 2259 10166 RHS 12+487 Store 8,000 4 mu 68 51 69 56 .00 Negese 6 Shimel M 2258 10165 2259 10165 LHS 12+346 Reside 5 is 99 24 03 28 nce 10,00 Mosiss 0.00 a 6 Kebele F 2258 10164 2258 10164 LHS 12+260 Reside 9,500 6 House 80 33 82 37 nce .00 6 Husien M 2274 10240 2274 10240 LHS 20+520 Shop 7 e 48 05 46 00 8,000 Yusuf .00 Ahmed M 2274 10241 2274 10241 LHS 20+678 Barber 6 Seid 15 12 14 12 8,000 8 Shop .00 6 Mekon M 2273 10243 2273 10243 LHS 20+902 Tea 9 ne 24 26 30 24 shop 8,000 Abdi .00

7 Amenu M 2270 10205 2270 10205 LHS 17+456 residen 0 Sori 50 81 48 84 ce 1,500 .00 7 Kitila M 2272 10211 2272 10211 LHS 17+210 residen 1 Nemer 81 19 94 45 ce 500.0 a 0

S START Station Affected Monthly N CO- END CO- property Income OCCUPIER' ORDINATE O E DIR S NAME ORDINATE . X x y x y

Dembel 22776 101070 22767 101082 LH Farmlan 1 M 5+820 Debela 2 6 6 2 S d 8,000.00

Gurmesa 22779 101072 22769 101080 RH Farmlan 2 M 5+800 Leta 2 6 8 2 S d 9,500.00 Tamiru Farmlan 22780 101067 22776 101073 LH 3 Bekele M 5+840 d 2 5 0 4 S 10,000.0 0

Idosa Debela 22776 101080 22764 101087 LH Farmlan 4 M 5+960 9 1 3 4 S d 9,800.00

133

Gemeda Farmlan 22776 101080 22762 101085 LH 5 Debela M 5+983 d 9 1 3 0 S 11,000.0 0 Ketchinu Farmlan 22767 101082 22767 101082 RH Jaleta M 5+953 d 2 5 2 5 S 12,000.0 0 6 Ketchinu Farmlan 22758 101121 22757 101117 LH Jaleta M 6+380 d 8 9 4 9 S 12,000.0 0

Eba Borena 22769 101082 22763 101086 RH Farmlan 7 M 5+983 8 6 9 6 S d 5,500.00

Doi Fufa 22758 101121 22757 101117 LH Farmlan 8 F 6+380 8 9 4 9 S d 6,000.00

Ayana Jaleta 22757 191117 22762 101126 LH Farmlan 9 M 6+440 4 9 4 7 S d 4,600.00

Oljira 22763 101128 22765 101131 RH Farmlan 6+500 Gemechu 6 8 0 9 S d 3,137.00 10 M 22769 101143 22771 101147 RH 6+660 Farmlan 5 2 8 0 S d 3,600.00 11 Geleta RH Farmlan Bulcha 22771 101148 22771 101150 S & d 12 6+720 8,000.00 5 6 4 2 LH S M RH Farmlan 22771 101150 22769 101156 S & d 6+760 9,500.00 4 2 3 6 LH S Birhanu RH Farmlan Tolera 22769 101156 22755 101161 S & d 6+800 10,000.0 3 6 6 4 LH 0 M S

22748 101161 22751 101161 RH Farmlan 7+000 5 2 0 1 S d 9,800.00 Tamane Farmlan 22744 101163 22748 101161 RH 13 Oljira M 7+040 d 6 0 1 0 S 11,000.0 0 Wagari RH Farmlan Galata 22744 101162 22746 101815 S & d 14 M 7+040 11,000.0 1 8 8 9 LH 0 S Fixe Jalata Farmlan 22745 101164 22748 101161 RH 15 M 7+040 d 8 8 8 8 S 12,000.0 0

Gemechu 22667 101294 22665 101297 RH Farmlan 16 M 8+640 Hambisa 6 6 1 5 S d 5,500.00

Dereje 22665 101297 22664 101298 RH Farmlan 17 M 8+660 Hambisa 1 5 3 3 S d 6,000.00 Teshome 22796 102266 22796 102269 LH 18+93 Farmlan 18 Muleta M 4 2 7 4 S 0 d 134

8,600.00

Alemu 22796 102266 22796 102269 Farmlan 19 LH 18+96 Nagesso M 4 2 7 4 S 5 d 9,137.00 Hambisa Farmlan 20 22796 102272 22796 102274 LH 18+98 Bobo M 7 2 7 2 S 8 d 7,600.00 Gudeta Farmlan 21 22796 102274 22796 102276 LH 19+00 Damoshe M 7 2 7 7 S 9 d 9,700.00

135

14.6 Annex 6: Material Extraction sites and their distance from community

136

14.7 Annex 7: PAPs Household Survey Tool

Interviewer name Road Project Realignment Section Household number GPS location of homestead E N

Name of Household Head Ethnic Group of Household Religion/s of Household House Number Kebele Town/Village Woreda Zone Regional State How long has household lived here? Always If not always, number of years/months Where did you live before? Category Affected Loss of structure(s) 1 Loss of stru cture(s) and lost 2 No productive land lost Productive l No loss of structure(s) 3 Productive land lost Date: Interview / / 20 Date: Data input / / 20

137

Q 1 Please tell us about the members who make up your household. [Note: The respondent must be No.1]

No Name Age Gender Relation Residential Education Employment Primary Occupation to HH Status 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 .. .. 20 Total No in Household [Refer to Code List on following page]

138

Sex Female 1 Male 2 RELATIONSHIP TO HOUSEHOLD HEAD (H/H) Head of H/H 1 Grandparent 9

Spouse/Partner 2 Other close relative 10

Son/daughter 3 Adopted/foster/step child 11

Son-/daughter-in law 4 Not related – dependent 12

Grandchild 5 Not related – not dependent 13

Parent/parent-in-law 6 Renting 14

Brother/sister 7 Hired worker 15

Brother-/sister-in-law 8

RESIDENTIAL STATUS Live permanently in homestead 1 Student away – Addis Ababa 5

Work away – Addis Ababa 2 Student away – other parts of Ethiopia 6

Work away – other parts of 3 Student away – other country 7 Ethiopia Work away – other country 4 Temporarily away 8 EDUCATION (Present level, if still at school; highest level attained, if out of school)

Don’t know 1 Grade 7 – 8 8

None, illiterate 2 Grade 9 – 10 9

Read and write 3 Grade 11 – 12 10

Pre-school 4 Technical school 11

Crèche, nursery school Post school qualification (non- 5 12 university)

Grade 1 – 4 6 Post school qualification (university) 13

Grade 5 – 6 7

139

EMPLOYMENT STATUS Self-employed 1 Pre-school 5

Wage-employed 2 Student 6

Fit, able to work 3 Pensioner/aged 7

Not fit for work/disabled 4 Not at school 8

140

Q 2 List all the main structures of the household. Please emphasize that information on buildings that is being collected in this survey is only for impact assessment purposes. A proper valuation exercise will be undertaken pre-implementation. N Phot Main Ownership No. Length Permane Description of main Affected o o purpose Status – Room / Width nt construction material . No. Resident s (Round 1 = Floor Walls Roof 1 = Household = Yes Yes [If not fully diamet 2 = 2 = owned by er) No No Resident Household, Name and Address of Owner(s)] 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

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Coding:

Ownership Main Main Wall Main Roof Material Main Purpose Status – Flo Material 1 = 1 = Resident or 1 = Thatch, Residential Household Material Brick, straw 2 = Business 1 = 1 = blocks 2 = (specify) Owned Brick 2 = Iron / tin 3 = 2 = 2 = Mud + 3 = Residential + Rente Concrete wood/ Concrete/cement business 3 d - = sticks 4 = (specify) government Mud, 3 = Wood 3 4 = Kitchen = earth Wood, 5 = 5 = Rented - 4 = poles Tiles 4 Toilet/shower family Tiles = 6 = 6 = Education 4 = 5 = Iron / tin Plastic 5 7 = Health Rented - No floor = 7 = 8 = Religious other private 6 = Stone No roof 5 6 (specify) = Not Other = 8 = 9 = owned + no (specify) Plastic Other Recreation rent sheeting (specify) 10 = Storage / 6 = 7 = shed 11 = Rented Other No wall room (specify) 8 = 12 = Other (specify) Other (specify)

Q 3 Other homestead structures/fixed assets on the site: Purpose Main Construction Material

1 = Iron / tin 6 = Brick, concrete 2 = Mud + wood / 7 = Stone No. of sticks 8 = Wood, poles Structur 3 = Wire fence and 9 = Other (specify) es posts 4 = Hedge 5 = Plant material

Structure 1 Structure 2 Structure 3

Livestock Shed

Chicken, Duck,

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Poultry Coop

Dog Shelter

Pig Sty

Fence, Hedge

Power Line

Telephone Line

Water Outlet (specify)

Other (Specify)

Interviewer: Sketch all structures in homestead area on the last page of the survey.

Q 4 Where does the household obtain water for domestic purposes? Rainwater tank on homestead stand 1 Piped water on homestead stand 2 Well on homestead stand 3 Communal pump off homestead stand 4 Buy water 5 Other (specify) 6

Q 5 Does the household have access to the following on-site utilities? Electricity 1 Public drainage 2 Land telephone 3 Access road to house 4

Q 6 If the household living here needs medical attention, where is your nearest healthcare facility?

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Type of healthcare facility ……………………………………………………………… Kebele/Village……………………...... ….. Woreda/Zone……………………………. Q 7 If the household has children that attend school, where do they go to school? Kebele/Village……………………...... ….. Woreda/Zone……………………………. Q 9 How many trees does the household have that will be affected? Type No. at Off Homestead Stand Homestead Stand No. GPS reading

Apple

Mango

Lemon

Orange

Avocado

Pear

Guava

Banana

Papaya/pawpaw

Peach

Tid

Bahirzaf

Other (specify)

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Q 10 Fill in the details of each piece of land to which your household currently has access, including land for residence/business:

N GPS Use By Usage Purpose Of Main Size Of Size Of o. Whom Rights Usage Crop Land Affected Area Types (ha) (ha) N/A = Not Affected 1 E N 2 E N 3 E N 4 E N 5 E N 6 E N

Coding:

Use by Whom: Usage Rights: Purpose of Usage: + Main Crop 1 = Not used 1 = Household 1 = Fallow land Types: 11 = 2 = Household only (H/hold) is landholder: 2 = Residence 1 = Potatoes 3 = Other household/s only use land 3 = Business Fallow 12 = (state name/s of H/Hs) 2 = H/hold is 4 = Residence land Sweet 4 = Household and other landholder: sharecrop business 2 = Potatoes household/s (state name/s of 3 = H/hold is 5 = Agriculture Teff 13 = other H/Hs) landholder: rent/lease 6 = Grazing 3 = Onions 5 = Other (specify) out 7 = Woodlots Barley 14 = 4 = H/hold is not 8 = Recreation Pumpkins landholder: rent/lease 9 = Other (specify) 15 = 5 = H/hold is not Chillies landholder: sharecrop 6 = Other (specify) 17 = Garlic

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18 = Peanuts 19 = Sugarcane 20 = Pineapples

21 = Other (specify)

4 = Wheat 5 = Maize 6 = Sorghum 7 = Millet 8 = Dry Beans 9 = Coffee 10 = Chat

Q 11.1 How many livestock does the household have? Animal Type No Donkeys/Mules Horses Cattle (oxen, cows, heifers, bulls, calves) Goats Sheep

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Chickens Ducks Other (specify) TOTAL

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Q 11.2 If the household uses grazing land, state where the land is situated:

Q 12 Please tell us how much money, if any, was received by your household from each of the following sources in …… 20.. (last month)? We are only interested in cash income available to the household. (Interviewer: Emphasise that the information will be kept confidential) BIRR Employment Gross profits from self-employment Salaries, wages of resident household members Migrant remittances from family members Pensions, allowances, social welfare grants and insurance payments Investments Burial society Other (specify) Housing and Renting of housing, rooms Property Renting of arable land Agriculture Livestock sales Grain sales Crop, vegetable, fruit sales Animal products’ sales Other (specify) Transfers received from other households Money withdrawn from savings account, borrowed, or credit obtained Other income sources (specify) TOTAL CASH INCOME FOR LAST MONTH

Q 13.1 Did you sell agricultural products in the last year (12 months)? YES NO Go to Q 13.2 Go to Q 14

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Q 13.2. If yes, estimated income from sales? Agricultural Product Value (Birr) Crops Vegetables Fruit Nuts Beer from fruit/nuts Milk, butter, dairy products Eggs Hides, skins Other (specify) TOTAL

Q 14 Is the household is involved in any of the following activities as a source of income? If so, what are the average earnings for each activity?

Activity Average Average Birr Birr each each month year Livestock keeping Collecting firewood Making charcoal Collecting thatching grass Catching wild animals Cultivating/collecting honey Collecting incense Panning for gold Fishing Weaving, spinning

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Handcrafts: pottery, basket-making Milling Traditional healing Transport

Q 15 Does your household exchange/barter goods instead of using money? YES NO

Q 16.1 Does your household employ any permanent laborers?

YES NO

Go to Q 16.2 Go to Q 17.1

Q 16.2 If yes please provides the details for each laborer that you employ permanently:

Total number of Average monthly Approximate permanent labourers wage per labourer monthly value of in- Type of Labourer employed in a year (Birr) kind payment (e.g. food Male Female Male Female and accommodation) Household/Domestic Agricultural Other (specify)

Q17.1 Does your household employ agricultural laborers on a seasonal/temporary basis?

YES NO

Go to Q 17.2 Go to Q 18.1

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Q17.2 If yes, please provide the details for seasonally/temporarily employed laborers: Approximate number Total labour days for Average daily wage of seasonal labourers all seasonal labourers per Season employed in a year per year labourer (Birr) Male Female Male Female

Q 18.1 Is any member of your household a member of any local organisation?

YES NO

Go to Q 18.2 Go to Q 19

Q 18.2 If yes, state the type and name of the organization and the position held, if any:

Organization Name Organization Type Position Held

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