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International Relations Theory and Non-Traditional Approaches to Security Is International Relations the Outcome of an Academic Research Project Undertaken by Dr
About WISCOMP WISCOMP Initiated in 1999, WISCOMP is a project of the FOUNDATION FOR UNIVERSAL RESPONSIBILITY, in New Delhi, India. It is a South Asian initiative that works at Perspectives the confluence of peacebuilding and security studies. Gender concerns provide the leitmotif of its programs. International Relations Theory and 27 Non-Traditional Approaches to Security International Relations Theory and Non-Traditional Approaches to Security is International Relations the outcome of an academic research project undertaken by Dr. Siddharth Mallavarapu. Awarded by WISCOMP for academic research, media projects and special projects, the Scholar of Peace Fellowships are designed to encourage Theory and innovative work by academics, policymakers, defence and foreign affairs practitioners, journalists, NGO workers, creative artists and others. The Non-Traditional Approaches fellowships are seen as an important step to encourage work at the interface of gender and security; conflict resolution and peace. These studies are expected to provide information about problems pertaining to security, promote to Security understanding of structural causes of conflict, suggest alternatives and encourage peace initiatives and interventions. Twenty Seventh in the Perspectives series, this monograph addresses one of the core concerns of contemporary International Relations theory namely, how to incorporate ‘non-traditional’ concerns of security into the mainstream discourse. It examines the receptivity of different intellectual traditions in the discipline to these concerns. The author begins his analysis with the Realist discourse in the Siddharth Mallavarapu post cold war period and provides an overview of “traditional” conceptualizations of security. He then moves on to provide a succinct summary of the Liberal and Constructivist discourses, examining the receptivity of each of these streams to security formulations that move beyond survival of the sovereign state towards addressing individual well being and global sustainability. -
39 Chapter 3: International Relations Discourse On
39 CHAPTER 3: INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS DISCOURSE ON ZIMBABWE INTRODUCTION This section will focus on Realism, Liberalism, Normative Theory, Theory of International Law and Society, and The Decisions of States. This specific discourse has been chosen because arguably, the most keenly debated issue in IR is the pessimistic view of realism versus the optimistic view of liberalism.1 Both traditions also provide an extensive view of sovereignty, human nature, conflict, state survival and international politics. “Chris Brown defines the approach succinctly: ‘by normative international relations theory is meant the body of work which addresses the moral dimension of international relations and the wider questions of meaning and interpretation generated by the discipline.’”2 This is important in regard to research on Zimbabwe, because it investigates human rights, intervention into state sovereignty, justice and injustice, which are all normative issues.3 Theory of International Law and Society includes international law itself, Idea of World Community, and The Political Theory of International Society.4 The section entitled “The Decisions of States” investigates the decision – making process of states.5 This is important because the research focuses on foreign policy, and one needs to understand the thought processes behind it before one can make a judgement of the process itself. The research surrounding Zimbabwean land redistribution and its effects on internal politics and foreign policy is applied to a discourse in international relations because the study thereof aids in explaining the research by applying it to discourse. Theory is then used to investigate all the factors surrounding the research topic, the reason they exist, and the different arguments for and against these factors. -
Unit 8 Liberalism and Neo-Liberalism*
Classical Realism & UNIT 8 LIBERALISM AND Neorealism NEO-LIBERALISM* Structure 8.0 Objectives 8.1 Introduction 8.2 The Liberal Tradition: Main Characteristics 8.3 Classical Liberalism 8.4 Liberal Approach in the Post War Years 8.4.1 Sociological Liberalism 8.4.2 Functionalism 8.4.3 Interdependence Liberalism 8.4.4 Republican Liberalism 8.5 Neo-Liberal Approach 8.5.1 A Break with Traditional Liberalism 8.5.2 The Neo-Neo Debate in IR 8.5.3 The Darker Side of Neo-Liberalism 8.6 Let Us Sum Up 8.7 References 8.8 Answers to Check Your Progress Exercises 8.1 OBJECTIVES Liberalism is an eminent theory of international relations (IR). It has several dimensions. The objective is to explore the definitions, history and the various theoretical standpoints of liberalism. This unit introduces you to the key thinkers on the subject. Besides, it also helps to understand the key concepts associated with it. After reading this unit, student shall be able to: Identify the core principles of liberalism in the years before the Second World War Describe the major liberal theories that evolved in the post-war period Identify the core features of neoliberal approach to study IR Identify the core features of the Neo- Neo debate Describe the liberal vision of society, state and market Explore key aspects of neoliberalism and the evolution of international political economy 8.1 INTRODUCTION Like Realism, Liberalism (and its current variant neo-liberalism) is a mainstream approach to understand international politics. And, like Realism it is a name given to a family of related theories of international relations. -
NEOLIBERALISM, NEOREALISM, and WORLD POLITICS David A. Baldwin
-- NEOLIBERALISM, NEOREALISM, AND WORLD POLITICS David A. Baldwin In 1986 Robert 0. Keohane edited a volume entitled Neorealism and Its Critics, which focused on the reformulation of traditional realist thinking about international politics by Kenneth Waltz (1979) and reactions from a variety of scholars. Waltz had recast the tenets of classical realism in order to delineate more clearly the effects of the structure of the international system on the behavior of nation-states. In addition, Waltz viewed his work as different from that of earlier realists in its treatment of power and of states as units of the system (Waltz 1979; 1990). The critics, according to Keohane (1986a:24), sought to move beyond the nation-state by "devising new international institutions or regimes," by reinterpreting the principles of sover- eignty, or by challenging the "validity of the 'state as actor' model on which neorealism relies." Whereas some critics called for more atten- tion to economic and environmental interdependence as well as changes in governmental functions, information, and international regimes, others attacked the epistemology on which Waltz based his argument. In a sense, this volume picks up where Neorealism and Its Critics ended. Unlike that volume, however, the contributors to this one share many fundamental assumptions about the nature and purpose of social scientific inquiry. This allows them to engage one another's arguments directly and results in a more focused and productive debate. 4 David A. Baldwin Neoliberalism, Neorealism, and World Politics 5 In recent years the most powerful challenge to neorealism, some- Helen Milner (1991:70, 81-82) identifies the "discovery of orderly times labeled structural realism, has been mounted by neoliberal insti- features of world politics amidst its seeming chaos" as "perhaps the tutionalists. -
On American Liberalism's Troubled Relationship with Psychology
Colby College Digital Commons @ Colby Honors Theses Student Research 2010 Therapeutic Discourse and the American Public Philosophy: On American Liberalism's Troubled Relationship with Psychology Clifford D. Vickrey Colby College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.colby.edu/honorstheses Part of the Other Philosophy Commons, Political Theory Commons, Politics and Social Change Commons, and the Social Psychology Commons Colby College theses are protected by copyright. They may be viewed or downloaded from this site for the purposes of research and scholarship. Reproduction or distribution for commercial purposes is prohibited without written permission of the author. Recommended Citation Vickrey, Clifford D., "Therapeutic Discourse and the American Public Philosophy: On American Liberalism's Troubled Relationship with Psychology" (2010). Honors Theses. Paper 551. https://digitalcommons.colby.edu/honorstheses/551 This Honors Thesis (Open Access) is brought to you for free and open access by the Student Research at Digital Commons @ Colby. It has been accepted for inclusion in Honors Theses by an authorized administrator of Digital Commons @ Colby. Therapeutic Discourse and the American Public Philosophy: On American Liberalism’s Troubled Relationship with Psychology Clifford D. Vickrey Honors Thesis Colby College, Department of Government Prof. Joseph R. Reisert, Honors Advisor Prof. Jennifer A. Yoder, Reader December 2009 Contents Preface ......................................................................................................................................... -
List of General International Relations Theories
LIST OF GENERAL INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORIES A . The Clash of Civilizations . English school of international . Absolute gain (international . Classical realism in international relations theory relations) relations theory . Environmental security . Emanuel Adler . Collaborationism . Explanatory and constitutive . After Hegemony . Colonialism approaches in international . Samir Amin . Commercial liberalism relations theory . The Anarchical Society . Complex interdependence F . Anarchy in international relations . Composite Index of National . Feminist constructivism . Anarchy is What States Make of It Capability . Foundationalism in international . Anti-foundationalism in . Comprehensive National Power relations theory international relations theory . Constructivism (international . Functionalism in international . Atlanticism relations) relations B . Cosmopolitan democracy G . Balance of power in international . Critical international relations . G-Zero relations theory . Geopolitics . Bananas, Beaches and Bases . Critical Security Studies . Globalism . Behaviouralism in international D . Great Debates (international relations theory . Democratic peace theory relations theory) . Bilateralism . Deterrence theory . Green Theory in international . Border outpost . Developmentalism relations . Brinkmanship . Dialogue Among Civilizations H C E . Hegemonic stability theory . Centre for Dialogue . East–West dichotomy . Hegemony LIST OF GENERAL INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS THEORIES I . Liberal internationalism . Observation post . Idealism in -
Theories of International Relations
Theories of International Relations This book is a comprehensive guide to theories of International Relations (IR). Given the limitations of a paradigm-based approach, it sheds light on eighteen theories and new theoretical perspectives in IR by examining the work of key reference theorists. The chapters are all written to a common template: the introductory section provides readers with a basic understanding of the theory’s genesis by locating it within an intellectual tradition, paying particular attention to the historical and political context. The second section elaborates on the theory as formulated by the selected reference theorist. After this account of the theory’s core elements, the third section turns to theoretical variations, examining conceptual subdivisions and overlaps, further developments and internal critique. The fourth section scrutinizes the main criticisms emanating from other theoretical perspectives and highlights points of contact with recent research in IR. The fi fth and fi nal section consists of a bibliography carefully compiled to aid students’ further learning. Encompassing a broad range of mainstream, traditional theories as well as emerging and critical perspectives, this is an original and ground-breaking textbook for students of International Relations. The German edition of the book won the “Geisteswissenschaften International” Prize, collectively awarded by the Fritz Thyssen Foundation, the German Federal Foreign Offi ce and the German Publishers & Booksellers Association. The translation of this work was funded by Geisteswissenschaften International - Translation Funding for Work in the Humanities and Social Sciences from Germany, a joint initiative of the Fritz Thyssen Foundation, the German Federal Foreign Offi ce, the collecting society VG WORT and the Börsenverein des Deutschen Buchhandels (German Publishers & Booksellers Association). -
Cultural Diplomacy Harmonizing International Relations Through Music
Cultural Diplomacy Harmonizing International Relations through Music By Mary Einbinder Master of Arts Thesis Gallatin School of Individualized Studies New York University May 2013 Cultural Diplomacy: Harmonizing International Relations through Music Abstract This thesis argues for the promotion of music as a cultural diplomacy instrument to improve intercultural communication and cooperation between the peoples of the world. How can music contribute to international cooperation and cross-cultural understanding? This question will be studied through an interdisciplinary framework connecting the fields of international relations and cultural studies. The constructivist theory in international relations fits best within this framework as it considers how the international structure is “socially constructed” and thus capable of being transformed by ideas, thoughts, beliefs and discourses. Constructivism focuses the analysis of international relations on human consciousness. This research derives from Milton Cummings’ definition of cultural diplomacy. “Cultural diplomacy” for Cummings is the exchange of ideas, values and information having for ultimate goal to promote mutual understanding. Cummings’s definition thus includes cultural relations and intercultural exchanges. This thesis disproves the notion of music as being a universal language in arguing that not every culture of the world relates to music the same way. A universal characteristic of music however, is its capacity to express man’s deepest emotions. Music through its ability -
Part I Theoretical Dimensions
University of Pretoria etd – Meissner, R (2005) 14 PART I THEORETICAL DIMENSIONS University of Pretoria etd – Meissner, R (2005) 15 CHAPTER 2 THEORETICAL DEVELOPMENTS AND THE WATER DISCOURSE: TOWARDS A CONSTRUCTIVIST SYNTHESIS 1. Introduction Everyone on a daily basis uses theories6, whether they are professional water managers or just lay persons (Walt, 1998: 29). Similarly, scholars of water politics use theories to make sense of the concrete world they observe. Indeed, as new events and phenomena take form, or old ones are rediscovered, theories are employed to organise, describe, explain and predict the outcome of such events. For instance, over the last decade a new water paradigm has developed on the way humans use and manage water resources. A growing environmental conscience, promoted by interest groups, and the costs involved in building and operating WRMPs influenced the development of this paradigm (Gleick, 1998: 5-33). Although there is no explicit link between the water discourse (the way scholars ‘speak’ of water politics) and International Relations theoretical perspectives, as the one changes so too does the other. These theoretical perspectives are forever evolving and new developments periodically emerge from the field of water politics. Since a reciprocal association exists between the theoretical abstraction of the world and the concrete realm of water politics, there is an implicit link between theoretical perspectives and water politics. Moreover, the specific ways in which the water discourse and certain theoretical perspectives are linked indicate the extent to which the discourse is embedded in these perspectives. The purpose of this chapter is to establish the link between the water discourse and the various theoretical perspectives of International Relations and to contextualise the different theoretical perspectives in relation to water politics. -
Neo-Utilitarianism and the Social Constructivist Challenge John Gerard Ruggie
What Makes the World Hang Together? Neo-utilitarianism and the Social Constructivist Challenge John Gerard Ruggie Edward Teller, the nuclear physicist, used to draw overflow crowds to his ‘‘physics for poets’’ course at Berkeley, despite his hawkish views on military matters and unwavering conservative politics. Through a thick Hungarian accent he would an- nounce at the outset, ‘‘I will show you what makes the world hang together.’’And he did just that. An analogous puzzle has occupied theorists of international relations right from the start: what makes this world hang together? Traditionally, the intellectual protago- nists have been realism and liberalism—from Machiavelli or Hobbes versus Kant on down—with the liberal tradition attributing greater efficacy to ideational factors. The postwar academic aversion to idealism in the United States, however, resulted in a widespread discounting of, and thus a poor grasp on, the role of such factors in international life, be they identities, norms, aspirations, ideologies, or simply ideas about cause–effect relations. Two subsequent developments have reinforced this state of affairs. The first was the ascendancy of neorealism and neoliberal institutionalism in the 1980s and their convergence around neo-utilitarian precepts and premises.1 Within the ontology of neo-utilitarianism, ideational factors, when they are examined at all, are rendered in strictly instrumental terms, useful or not to self-regarding individuals (units) in the pursuit of typically material interests, including efficiency concerns. The second de- velopment has been the widespread embracing in the field of a model of social sci- ence that in certain epistemological respects has become almost Newtonian in char- acter. -
Digital Age Security Threats: Challenges to IR Theories
Narottam Gaan* Digital Age Security Threats: Challenges to IR Theories The significance of information and communication technology (ICT) has been widely felt not only within a state but also among and between the states in their multifarious day-to-day interactions. Information and communication technology can be rightly said as constituting the nerve center of, both, domestic and international politics. These have become guiding metaphor for domestic and international politics to maintain stability and political order, provide peace and security and protect people from natural catastrophes. Sovereign state systems are no longer impregnable, sacrosanct; the unhindered flow of information and the revolutionary exposure of the people irrespective of which state, security or culture they belong to, to the very sinews of information, have made the entire world a melting pot of the absoluteness and arbitrariness of states. Earlier, issues confined to the boundary of the state or states have turned out to be global and mustered support from all sections, countries, nations and culture of the world. A new kind of threat from information and communication technologies seems to affect the states. Some would argue walking on the conventionally trodden furrows that state is still the main player in international politics maintaining its supremacy in providing security even in cyberspace.2 Others in a different vein maintain that the emergence of “virtual states” and network economies imply a decline of inter-state violence and hence the predominant role “security” playing in the past gets a plummeting. This optimistic undertone “sketches a future with an ever widening zone of international peace.”2 Still, there are many who hold that the information revolution has spurred many firms, interest organisations, social movements, individuals and transnational relations into * The author is Professor (retd.), Department of Political Science, Utkal University, Odisha. -
International Relations Theory and the EU Reactions to the Russian Annexation of Crimea
INTERNATIONAL RELATIONS Author: Erik Rijs THEORY AND THE EU REACTIONS Student no: TO THE RUSSIAN ANNEXATION 20172363 OF CRIMEA 1 International relations theory and the EU reactions to the Russian annexation of Crimea Abstract This master thesis is a research conducted to uncover the way three prominent international relations theories (structural realism, commercial liberalism and conventional constructivism) would explain the different reactions of EU nations to the 2014 Russian annexation of Crimea and to determine which of the three theories would be most accurate in its explanations. The reason for conducting a research like this is to put the theories to the test by taking their core principles and placing them side by side with a practical IR situation. Not only could this contribute to the development of the theories themselves, but also to the academic field of IR in general. The research was conducted by gathering different types of data regarding each EU country and then analysing it from the perspective of the three theories separately. First, data about the countries related to the core ideas of each theory was gathered: GDP and military expenditure (structural realism), share of Russian imports and exports of the total foreign trade and Russian dependency on natural gas (commercial liberalism) and the value scores on the Inglehart-Welzel cultural map (conventional constructivism). Then, information concerning the reaction of each EU country to the annexation of Crimea was gathered from news media articles, scholarly articles and official government statements. This data was analysed and across all texts re-occurring themes were identified and given a common label to be able to create a clear overview of the reactions of all EU countries.