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(966t) t9-rE :(t) I I prst,{nN NuyrsisVol. I I, No.1 (1996)

Taxonomic history

Macarthuria was describedby S.L. Endlicher in 1837 (Endlicher 1837) to accommodatea single species,M qustrulis, the type of the genus. Steudel (1845), working with material collected by L. Preiss,described M. foliosa (synonymouswrth M. australis), with M. apetala added by Harvey (1855)andM. neocambricaby Mueller (1865). Mueller was apparentlyalso awareofan additional taxon to which he applied the manuscriptname M apetqla yar. rigidor, but it was not until 1982 that this plant was formally describedas M. intricqta (Keighery 1982). Three other specieshave been recognized in recent times, viz: M. ephedroides(White 1946), M. georgeLna (Keighery 1983) and M. complanata (Ross 1984).

Materials and methods

This study is basedon examinationof herbariumcollections ftom BRI, CANB (including CBG), DNA and , with selectedmaterial ftom K, KPBG, LD, MEL and TCD. All measurements were made from dried specimens,reconstituted in the caseof reproductiveorgans. Terminology for indumentumfollows Hewson(1988).

Notes on morpholog;r

Shapeand size ofleaves variesgreatly dependingon the stageofgrowth ofrhe plant. Seedlings, plants regeneratingfrom the rootstock following fire or other disturbanceand plants producing new growth at the beginning of the growing seasonall have larger leaves at the base of the plant (occasionallyin a false rosette),and on new stems. Thesebasal leaves are often withered at anthesis and aregradually lost, with the plant producingreduced leaves further up the stems. Basalleaves have been seenin all speciestreated in this study,except M. georgeana and,M. intricata, and are included in the descriptions. Such leaveshave alsobeen seen in the eastemAustralian species M. complanata, M. neocambrica and an unnamedtaxon from northernQueensland, but in M. neocambricathe basal leavesare usually persistent(in a false rosette),as are the vadously developedcauline leaves.

'southem Seedlingplants of M. apetalct(at least the variant' of this species)and M. vertex may flower and fruit when quite young, and with their basal leavesstill presentare superficially similar to the predominantlyherbaceots M. neocambrica(see above). The more usualcase for thesespecies would appearto be a period of active vegetativegrowth, followed by flowering and fiuiting once the plant is established.

For this study filament lengths are measuredfrom the baseof the point of divergencefrom the staminal ring to the filament apex.

Taxonomic treatment

Macarthuria Hiigel ex Endl.

Endlicher (1837: 11). Type: Macarthuria australis Higel ex Endl. "" EIEladB'I I ecueredsgol Eqq€eua salEcsJBlnBuEut pesse:dde ol pocnper lle l€,\eu 'qnJqsqns lnq'lletus ue+o se^pel :etBculurlou paqJu€Jq-elUIIlce.Ig :9 ' ElBc.rJlu.r'trtr ureqle) ol {eg Ir€qS seLeJS ruln8uurrl pesse:ddeot pecnpeJse^eel IIE :quqs peqcuEJq,{letPculul g ".' 'snoncrdsuocul'tueseld g 8uol rulu 8 l-t 0 '.(DlDJadD ueqt 71 ur pecnpo:d ,{lpuolsecto) luesqv ,{l1e.reue8spleg :g sllBJlsn"'tr{l slncol red seln^o g-Z qlr,^d,{JE^o'pere,trog-,{uuur-1seu,{a :selucs.rcln8uerrl pessardde o1 'pedole^ep pecnperI[€ Je^eulnq ,{lsnou€ s3,\Esl:uaof'qloouls stus]S :t '14l . eueaS.roa8 elncol ted eln,lo 1 q1r,n,{m,to 'peJe,,!\oU-ZJo -l ^ltuetsrsuoJseul,tc:selEcs m1n3uurr1 'pesseJddE ol 'osocnrre,\ pecnpal se^"€l II€ :snocnelSJo u,rorq ,{1sn.r ,{ltcutlsrpsuelS 7 .' 'snoncldsuoJ'tuesald t 8uoyurur t-Z s,{€,,!\lPslBtad t """"" 'W 8 (Dlotado u'! Jtaao ,{B(uepllldBd llurus euos flerer ,(re,r)snorqElB luEld :Z 'hl ".' " . 1,(:aq31a1 ,{IEq luEld Z """""""" 'Z 2" €rls.usnv ujelsed\ uJelse,{\-qtnos(turelel s,{e,,\\puoq} ro I 'lle,t\ fpu€lslsuoc sJe,^douJI) sluals ulurx eql uo sP ,{llBulruratflPuolsEcco pus,{ll€Jel€l euroq seufc pesuepuocr,{ll€leue8 ut fueru-1 sla,1^olC:l xalaa'tr 1 fuotulal uJequoN puoosuour puu urlErlsnv uJelseldJo uorSerfeyreqrur-y (lte,^\sE ,{nE.Iet€leuJoq auos,{leJ?t) slolqau€Jqecuarserouur eleurrtln eqtr 3o xedu eql l€ saut,{cuI 9-I s.le,^\olc I

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DlJryuo)DW lo $orsr^ar.rulouoxEtv lt].soet t g NuytsiaVol.11, No. I (1996)

1. Macarthuria apetala Harv. (Harvey 1855: 55). Type: Wlestern] , I. Drummond s.n. (holo: TCD (photo BRI, PERTH)).

Erect subshrubto 30 cm tall, glabrousor rarely with sornepoorly developedpapillae on vegetative palts. Stemsterete, wiry or mole or less stout, greenishto red-brown, often glaucouswhen dried. leaves presentmainly towards the baseof the stemsand on young growth, beconing progressively reduced fudher up the stems,sessile to obscurely petiolate; lamina narrowly to linear-obovate,or narrowly elliptic to linear, 1.2-30mm long, 0.3-3 mm broad; basevery narrowly cuneateto attenuate; apex acute to narrowly acuteor very shortly acuminate. Inflorescenceof 1-20 flowers in generally somewhat condensedcymes, inserted laterally (or rarely terminally) on the stems.Bracts broadly tdangular to tdangular,0.5- 1.5 mn long, herbaceouswith a narrow scariousmargin,brown. pedicels 1-3 mm long. SepaLrelliptic to broadly elliptic, 1.3-2.3mm long, herbaceous(inner 2less strongly so), with a nanow scarious margin. Petals usually absent;if present,narrowly to very narrowly obovate to very narrowly elliptic or (rarely) obovate,0.7-1.8 mm long, base attenuate,not clawed. Staminal ring abouthalf as long as ovary; free filaments0.3-1.2 mm long; anthers0.3-0.5 mm long. Ovary 1-1.3 mm long, with 1 ovule per locule; style branches0.2-0.5 mm long. Frall ovoid to more or less globular, 1.5-3 mm long. Seedsblack, tuberculateto pusticulate,shining, broadly comma- shaped,1.2-1.7 mrn long; aril large.

Distribution. Largely subcoastal,occurring in scatteredpopulations from Eneabbasouthwards to Northcliffe and east as far as Esperance,. (Figure l) conservation status. Previously listed as Priority 2 under CALM conservation codes for western Australian Flora. Following this review, this taxon hasbeen removedfrom the priority Flora listing asit is more widespreadthan previouslythought, with a numberofpopulations occurring on protected lands. For definitions of conservationcodes used by the Depaftment of Conseryationand Land Management,see the end of this issue.

Typifi.cation.Harvey (1855) did not cite any type mate al in the protologue of his new species. However, at TCD (theherbarium at which Harveywas curator (Ducker 1988,Stafleu & Cowan 1979)), there is a Drummond specimencomprising an entire,fertile plant, possibly labelledin Harvey's hand (S.C. Ducker pers. comm.) which accords well with the original description of M. apetala. This specimenis heated here as the holotype of this name.

At herb. K, MEL and PERTH there are other Drummond collections (both numbered and unnumbered)ofM apetala, but none appearto be annotatedby Harvey. It is notpossibleto ascartain with any cedainty whetherany of thesespecimens represent duplicates of the holotype and therefore they are not accordedtype status. The collectionsin questionare; (1) SwanRiver, "/. Drummond6Tj (K, four sheets(one ex herb. Benthamianum,three ex herb. Hookerianum);(2) W.A., -i. Drummoruj 677 (MEL 723999); (3) Swan River, J. Drummond 10 (K (ex herb. Hookerianum));(4) W. Austr., J. Drummonds.n. (MEL 1058091,1058092, 1058093 (ex herb.O.W. Sonder));(5) West. Austr., J. Drummond s.n. (PERTH 01298259 (ex MEL)).

Noles. The combination of (usually) apetalousflowers, tuberculateto pusticulateseeds, sub-shrubby habit with erect, little-branchedstems and overall glabrous nature serve to distinguish this species from all other taxa in Western Australia. The eastern Austalian species M. complqnata arrd M. ephedroides(in part) are also apetalous,but are distinct in their flattened to winEed stems and inflorgscancestructure. 'sercadssrql;o e8ueru,nou1 oql eprslnosr ,{lr1ecoy 's1rud eqt $g'DlDladD W Jo luBuE^u tuesa:dar,{ldurrs feur 119 asoy e^Dete8e,\eql ol pelJI.DSaJ e:u pue pedole,rep11e,r ssel trlureue8 e n :nq'(7997 KLa4SraXsu q)ns) olDtadDl.t/ Jo suortcallocreqto ur uees{yleuorsecco are sessecordqcng (xaual W Jo s1l-npArpur eruos ur punoJasoqt Surq?sordde) spdes;o 1:oq,r,rrelno eqt uo osp pue sgrd e,rrteleBe,reqt uo eellrded pedo1e,lep11e,tr,{legurapour 'snoreurnu Jo €Jueserdeqt ur sraJJrptnq sarJadssrql selquaser ,{lesolJlsoul lI ereq Suoleq ,{rru 'ut3oue51;o '{r€d tse,r quou IEuoDeN€rpue,{rq ruor; (ll, asoy /,{ C') uoucelloc Surre.tog y

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ounquD)onJouorsriet)ruouoxrl V'rrlJsde.l I g NuytsiaVol.11, No. I (1996)

Vqriation. Two variants are evid€nt in M, qpetalq, with populationsoccuring south of Keysbrook (c. 17 km south of Mundijong) having consistentlylarger fruit and seedsthan plants from northern populations. The inflorescencesof plants from southern areas also tend to be somewhat more congestedand fewer-flowered,and the seedcoat is often pusticulaterather than tuberculate.However, there is some break-down in the quantitative characters,and the degreeof sepamtionbetween the variants on the dimensionsof ftuit and seed alone is not consideredsufficient to wanant formal taxonomic recognition.

On present collections the two variants are separatedby approximately 30 km, but further collecting will almost certainly extend the distdbutions of one or both vadants into the intervening counfty betweenKeysbrook and Forrestdale.

Yariant I (typical variant).

Fruit 1.5-2 mm long. Seedstuberculate, 1.2-1.4 mm long. (Figure 2A-E)

Selectedspecimens examined. V/ESTERN AUSTRALIA: Ankstell Road, Forrestdale,16 Jan. 1980, R.J. Cranfi.elds.n. (CANB, PERTH); I mile [c. 1.6 km] S of RegansFord, 20 Nov. 1961,A.S. George 3153 (PERTH); StrathmoreRoad Reserve(no. 26248), S of Badgingarra,5 Nov. 1975, A.S. George s.n. (PERTH); Mogumber West road, E of Brand Highway, W of Mogumber, 17 Dec. 1992, E.A. Grffin 8529 (PERTH); Dennis De Jong Reserve,Jandakot, 21 Feb. 1992, G.J. Keighery 12722 (PERTH); 8 kmW along CaddaRoad from Brand Highway,8 Oct. 1991,S."/. Potrick 882 (PERTH); MaidaVale, near Perth,24 Oct.1962, M.E. Phillips s.n. (CBG);c. 23 kmW of Gingin,30Nov. 1974, R. Pullen9'745 (CANB); Miling-Roundhill, 18 Mar. 1964,R.D. Royce8125 (CANB, PERTH); 4 kn S of Jurien Bay, 12 Sep. 1973,P.G. Wilson 11559 (PERTH).

Distribution. Occursin scattercdpopulations from Eneabbasouth to Fo estdale(on the southernedge of Perth). Generally subcoastalin distribution, but extendingto the coast in some sites,and inland as far as Mogumber and Miling.

Habitqt. Recordedfrom heath and low Eucalyptus woodland with a heath understoreyon grey or white sands,often in burnt sites or other disturbedareas.

Phenology. Flowering Septemberto April, fruiting November to MarcL.

Variant 2 (southern vadant).

Fruit 2-3 mm long. Seedspusticulate to tuberculate,1.4-1.7 mm long. (Figure 2F-G)

Selected specimens examined. WESTERN AUSTRALIA: N end of Lake Muir, 2 Nov. 1977, A.S. George 15030 (PERTH); Capel Nature Reserve,8 Nov. 1992,B.J. Keighery & N. Gibson769 (CANB, K, PERTH); c. 5 km SW of Mondurup, unnamedhill, SW edge Stirling Ranges,22 Nov. 1979, G.J. Keighery 2652 (KPBG); CapelNature Reserve, l9 Dec. 1991,G.J. Keighery s.n. (CANB, PERTH); Adjacent Yarloop rubbish tip, c. 1.5 km ESE of Yarloop Railway Station, 17 July 1995, B.J. Lepschi &T.R.l,aly 1919 (PERTH);7 km NNE of WoolbernupHill, FitzgeraldRiver National Park,21 Nov. 1985,K.R. Newbey11067 (PERTH); 24 km N ofCape Riche,2 | Oct.1987, K.R. Newbey I1787 (PERTH); Bluman's Farm, Gibson, 20 May 1995, C.D. Turley 1/595b (CANB, MEL, NSW, PERTH); SummertimeTrack, c. 13 km SSW of Northcliffe, 19 Feb. 1989, G. Wardell Johnson 38 '(O'd) (6tlglt€0HJUAi) u s{Ja1lulrx t t Put(s-V) €9I€,troa, Sy '(6x) '(6x) 'W ' 'C ruo{ u.&rrC peos- C trnll d ourlrc^ u-raq}nos)Z lue r m L nl'pdD D :(920x)llqrq-A'(6x)poas-C '(6x) '(S {n4 - J /x) ra^\ou g'(tx)retqcurrqSuua^lou-V (lu?uv^F.d{l) l lretrt L olDt,h, ounqunDw g V'erfitt

oynuuD)ol\lJouorsr^erxrruouox4v'rq.soa'l I a 44 NuytsiaVol. 11, No. 1 (1996)

(PERTH); Reserve, along rabbit proof fence, c. 20 miles [c. 32 km] SE of Jerramungup,1 Oct. 1970, P.G. Wilson 10179 (PERTH).

Distribution. Distdbuted in widely scattered populations from the Keysbrook area, south to Northcliffe and eastwardsto Gibson (c. 25 km north of Esoerance).

Habitat. Recordedfromtall dense-shrublandand openBantslrrar'd.Eucalyptuswoodlandcommunities, occasionallyin areasthat had beenburnt (up to four yearspreviously), or subjectto disturbance.Soils range from deep sand to peaty sand,sand over quartzite,loamy sandover sandy-clayand "gravel". Frequentlyoccurs in or aroundwinter-wet seasonalswamps, as noted by Blackwell & Cala Landscape Consultants(1983).

Phenology. Flowering and fruiting recordedin February,May andJuly, but mostly dudng September- December.PIants ofTurley ll595a & b werefrom a siteburnt in November 1993which did not receive rain until autumn of 1995.

NoleJ. Variant 2 has previously been refered to as Macarthuri.o sp. Harvey (M.E. Trudgen & A. Tingay s.n.) in herb. aIPERTH and on various lists of priodty taxa (e.g. Hopper et al. 1992), as Macdrthuria sp. unnamedin Blackwell & Cala (1983), and as Macarthuria aff. australis tt Gtbson et 01. (1994).

"King 2. Macarthuria australis Hiigel ex Endl. (Endlicher 1837: l1): Tlpe citation: George'sSound, lwestem Australia], H gel". Type: Bushlandopposite Department of Agdculture site, Baron Hay Court,Kensington, Perth, Western Australia, 31"59'S, 115"53'E,31 August 1995,B.J. Lepschi & M.H. Brims 1943 (neo, herenominated: PERTH 04232631;isoneo: A, AD,B,BRI, CANB, E, c, K, L, MEL, NSW, P, US, W).

Macarthuriafoliosa L. Preissex Steud.(Steudel 1845: 230). Type: Bull's Creek,Perth [= Bull Creek, near the , Perth, Western Australia,tde Marchant 19901,November 1847, L. Preiss 1672 (LD (photo PERTH), MEL 1058090(ex herb. J. Steetz)).

Illustration. Marchant et ql. (1987: 104).

Etect subshrub to 60 cm tall, all parts glabrous. S/emsterete, dull green. L€ayeJpresent mainly towards the baseof the stemsand on young growth, becomingprogressively reduced further up the stems,sessile to obscurelypetiolate; lamina obovate (in basalleaves only), nanowly to linear-obovate, or very narrowlyelliptic to linear-eliipticor linear,2-28(55)mm long,0.3-3.5(16)mm broad;base narrowly cuneate to attenuate; apex narrowly acute or (rarely) shortly acuminate or rounded. Inflorescence of 1-15(30) flowers, in somewhatcondensed or less often diffuse cymes, inserted lateralfy (or rarely terminally) on the stems; flowers fragrant. Bracts oyate to narowly ovate or subulate, often acuminate, 1-2.5 mm long, herbaceouswith a narrow scarious margin, greenish. Pedicels 1.8-6 mm long. Sepalsovate to broadly ovate or rarely elliptic, 3-5 mm long, herbaceous (inner 2 less strongly so), with a narrow scariousmargin. Petals elliptic to (rarely) very narrowly elliptic or ovate to broadly ovate,3.5-4 mm long, baseattenuate or rarely tluncate,distinctly clawed. Staminal ring about one-third to half as long as ovary; free filaments 1.8-2 mm long; anthers 0.5-0.7mm long. Ovary7.6-2 mmlong, with 2 or 3 ovulesper locule; style branches 1.7 2.5 mm long. Frutt oyoid to mor€ or less globular, 3.8-4.1 mm long. Seedsdark brown to almost black, faintly reticulate-areolateso as to appearalmost smooth,shining, very broadly comma-shaped,1.4-1.5 mm long; aril large. '(V) tuaU36! w puu(a) sit tsnnDunqunDryJo uollnqutsre t arn3rC "i1 I

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Conservqtionstatus. Not consideredto be at risk. Widespreadand cornmon over a considerablerange, with populations in a number of conservationreseryes.

T),pirtcafion.No type material of Mecqrthufia qustrali.thas been locatedat herb. W, where Hiigel's herbariumis held (Stafleu& Cowan 1979),and it is believedto havebeen destroyed during the Second World War (E. Vitek peru. cozm.). Searchesfor type matedal at other herbaria (e.g. B, BR, CGE, HBG, K, LE, M, MEL, P and WRSL) where duplicatesmay exist have also been unsuccessful. A neotypeis thereforenominatedfor M. auJtraliJ. It agreeswell with the protologue,except that stamens are consistently eight rather than ten, the staminal ring is white to cream (both in dried and live material) as opposedto pink, and the ovary is stdctly 3-locular ratherthan 3- or 4-locular: this is also consistentfor all other material of this speciesexamined by the presentauthor. Endlicher appearsto have misinterpretedthese characters, or perhapsbased his observationson teratologicalmaterial, as wassuggested by Steetz(1848) and Harvey(1855).

Notes.M. ctustralisis easily distinguishedfrom all other taxa in Western Australia in having two or threeovules per locule. However inM. verre,ranadditional one ortwo ovulgsare sometimes producad, but at least one locule in any given flower has a single ovule, a situation not found rn M. australis. M. australis superficially resemblesM georgeana andM. keigheryi, but can be distinguishedfrom these taxa (apart from ovule number) by a number of vegetativeand floral characters(see under relevant species).

Note that in the key to M acarthuria inMarchafi et ql. (1987) the characterson ovule numbershave been inadvertentlytransposed; M. 4astr4lis hastwo or three ovulesper locule (as per descriptionand illustration), while M. apetela has only one.

V(iriation- The inflorescence h M. austaLis is typically more or less condensed,but in some collections it is more open and dilTuse;this is particularly prevalent in material from north of the MurchisonRiver (e .g. Craven7064, H natiuk1 60506),but is alsoseen in plantsfrom elsewherewithin the speciesrange (e.g.Alfortl ll). This is not correlatedwith any other morphologicalcharacters, and would appearto be (at least partly) ontogenetic. Collections exhibiting this inflorescencefbrm are mostly from plants in active growth, and is possibly a rcsponseto recent rain.

3, Macarthuria georgeana Keighery (Keighery 1983: 387). Type:24 mlles [c. 39 km] north of Murchison River on North western Coastal Highway, Western Australia, 6 November 1966, '7887 A.S.George (holo:PERTH 01560301; lso: CANB 351839,PERTH 03634876)

Erect subshtub to 40 cm high, glabrous. Stemsterete, fin€ly verrucose,rusty-brown or glaucous (when dried), apicesacute. Leavesreduced to scales,scattered, triangular, 0.7-2 mm long,0.5-1.5 rnm broad,acute. Inflorescence ol 1or 2 flowers,in contractedcymes inserted laterally on the stems.Bracts numerous,broadly ovate to (rarely)subcircular, 0.5- l.3 mm long,herbaceous, dark brown (inner ones pater). Pedicels 2-3 mm long. Sepalselliptic to ovate,3-4 mm long; herbaceouswith a very narrow scariousmargin (both outer and inner sepals similar in form). PetQlsovateto broadly ovate orelliptic, 2 3 mm long, shortly clawed. Staminal ring aborttas long as ovary; free filaments0.5-1.2 mm long: anthers0.4-0.5 mm long. Ovary 1.82.2 mm long, with one ovule per locule; style branches 0.5-0.7mm long. Fr&it more or lessglobular, 3-3.5 mm long. Seedsdark brown to almostblack, apparentlysmooth, shining, very broadly comma shaped (almost ellipsoid), 1.7 mm long;aril large. (Figure 4,A D) 'SNVJ) rlr.l€qlE)Jo 'ErolJIB) :(HJUAd ,60l stto aB U d'966T .IeI?.{8I suqslno puEqnlCJIoClo '086 'u.Ieql€) '.(HI)cAd) ,4JppunoquO :(HJdAd) gVtZ stlDnag t ^oN I I $ntg pad V6ELPiDag S t '916I 'uoncls IdV 8 umqoJ Jo lsel6 :VI'IV6JS1V NSAISA,4A pautwDxa suawtcadsnq16

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D.unquDJDWlouorsrienluouoxrl v'rqJsde'I I g 48 NuytsiaVol. 11, No. I ( 1996)

1.5 miles [c. 2 km] fiom turnoff from Denhamroad on Tamala Stationroad, 16 Mar. 1968, S.G.M.Carr380 (PERTH)lNanga Station, 15Nov. 1982,R.J. Cranfield 2589 (PERTH);5.7 rniles [c. 9 krn] [along]Tamala road fto TamalaStation fiom Denhamroadl,9 Dec. l9'74,H. Demrtrz5526 (PERTH); Shark Bay: entranceto Tamala and Hamelin Stations,2J July l988, P. Mor.tt 8274 (P. PERTH):Tamala road, on NangaStation, Shark Bay, 26 Aug.1973,E.C. Nelson ANU 17322(CANB, PERTH);Murchison River, s. dat., OLdfields.n. (BRI AQ 277518,MEL); c. 25 krn NW of Tamala StationHomestead, l8 Sep. 1989,M.E. Trudgen7162 (CANB, PERTH);Tamala, 12 Aug. 1976, E. Wiuv'er 1806(PERTH).

Distribution. Occurson Nanga and possiblyCoburn Stations, in the southernShark Bay region, WesternAustralia. Alsooccurs in the Kalbarri-RedBluffarea, c. l20kmsouthof thespecies'main range.(Figure l)

Conservationstatas. CALM ConservationCodes for Western Australian Flora: Priority 3. While somepopulations are within theShark Bay World HeritageArea, this has no conservationstatus, and at leastone populationat Kalbarri has beendestroyed as a resultof clearingactivities (D.R. & B. Bellairs,pers. comm.). Furthersurveys are urgently required to assessthe possibleoccurrence of M. intricata in any reserves,in particular Kalbarri National Park.

'Tamala Habitat. ln the SharkBay areaM. intricataoccurs in low openshrubland, the System'of Beard ( 1976b),on red sandover limestone. Once recordedfiom red sandyclay (Crtnfield 2589). At Kalbarri and Red Bluff, M. intricata has been collected from scrub vegetationon black sand over limestone (Ilellairs 2345) and shrublandon grcy sand over sandstone(BeLlairs 1097).

Phenology. Flowering recorcledJuly April, fruiting Novernber-March.

Nores.This speciesis easily distinguishedby its intricatebranching with the leavesreduccd to appressed,triangular scales(this leaf characteralso occurs in M. georgeana,but the latter difTersin a numberof othercharacters). It is alsothe only memberof thegenus which could be considereda true shrub.

"[flowers] The label on Trudgen1 162states visitedby a smallbutterfly".

5. Macarlhuria keigheryi I epschi. sp. rov.

Sp.nov.M. apetaleeHaN. aflinisaqua plantapubescenti, floribus ma.joribus, petala plerumque lerentibus, testa Iaevi differt.

Type: c. 3O km W of Dandaraganfprecise locality withheld fbr conservationreasons], Westcrn Australia, l5 December 1989,B.J. Keighery'143B(holo: PERTH 041'767 82 iso; CANB, K, PERTH 01298283,US).

Erectsubshrub to ,10cm tall. Slemrterete, green, ageing yellowish-green in life; all vcgetative parts and outer whorl of sepalshairy with more or less coarse,short, spreading,sirnple hairs (i.e.hirsute). Leave-s scssile to obscurelypetiolate, present mainly towards the baseof the stemsand on young growth, becomingprogressively reduced further up the stems;lamina obevate to very nanowly obovateor narrowlyto very narowly elliptic,2.7 11.5mm long,0.7-3.5 mm broad;base 'sp3esqloous pu€ (slEleo 'seauetseroUur 'ulnlueunpur qtr,tr ,{11e:aua8)sra,rog :a3:v1 luuruual ,{puuumroperd 3io ecueserd 'rqotado eql ur sJaJJrptr qJrq^\ (uoq 1y o1 perlp ,(lquqordst ttuaqqtal W ocu3JeJerdlecrSoloca 'spees 'sruels 'eJnlcnrs pue fqderSoe8 qtoorus,(ypnlJr,\ lsnqor eJour eJueJserogurqr ,{q raJ.raa7y ;o sruro; ,{:ruqruor; peqsrn8uqsrp,{gsee sr fi1aq31 ! W trrg' ^leq saurqeurossr xaiJan y,1 ,{rrcqs,4u,n1r ere spdas retno pue slrud e,rD€te8€^eql qcrq,,nur snue8eql to requieu fluo eqt sr tfuaq8el W

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Disttbution. Disjunct in northem Australia. In Western Australia recorded ftom the Kimberley Region at National Park, Kalumburu, King GeorgeRiver, Walcott Inlet and Manning Gorge, north-eastof Fitzroy Crossing.In the Northern Tenitory it occurs from nodh-nofih-west of Oenpelli, south to Katherine Gorge National Park and east as far as the Mann and Cadell Rivers. (Figure 5)

Hqbitat. P(ecordedfrom sand oyer sandstoneor deep sand, frequently associatedwith sandstone outcrops,escarpments and other rocky sites. Often growing in rock crevicesor amongstboulders, less frequently in alluvial sandsalong watercoursesand floodouts. Vegetationcommunities include low oper' Eucalyptus woodland or (rarely) forest, open shrubland,and sparseshrubs, herbs and grasses on rocky sites. Also recordedas a componentof post-fire regeneration(Forster 6116).

Phenology. Flowering and fruiting recordedall months of the year.

Conservations/atrrr. Apparently common at least in the No hern Territory; the few records fiom Westem Australia probably reflect poor collecting rather than rarity. Occurs in a number or conservationreserves, including national parks, within its range.

Etymology. Named tiom the Lati.n vertex (height, elevation, peak), in reference to the species' inflorescencestructure, wherc the cymesare insertedat the apicesof the uppermostbranchlets of the inflorescence. The epithet is usedhere deliberatelyas a noun in apposition.

Notes. This is Macarthuria sp. A of Wheeler et al. (1992). Also referred to as Macarthuriq. sp. A Kimberley Flora (A.5. George 13761) in herb. at PERTH.

M. veftex can be distinguished from all other taxa in Western Australia by its inflorescence structure, in which the few flowered cymes arc borne predominantly at the apices of the ultimate inflorescencebranchlets. It is the only Md carthuria speciesrnWestem Australia which oocursoutside the South-westBotanical Province. M. vertex.is probably most closely relatedto M. ephedroides,a speciesliom central Queensland,with which it sharessimilar inflorescencestucture and floral and seedcharacters, but can be distinguishedby the frequentpresence of indumentum,terete rather than

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