The Study on Water Supply Systems in Mandalay City and in the Central Dry Zone Part III Study for the Central Dry Zone

6) Water fetching from other village is a heavy burden to the villagers from the physical, mental, and economic point of views. Therefore most of the villagers want to have at least one tube well in their own village.

7) Cost of fuel for pump operation imposes a burden on the villagers. Therefore villagers try the most economical pump operation. It is easily anticipated that even after completion of a tube well they may continue the same water use manners, and use the well during the most drought months, otherwise they have to fetch water from the other villages.

8) In case that a tube well already functions in village, the water committee, which is organized among the villagers, operates and maintains the tube well. The almost villagers are satisfied with it. However, to secure more sustainable operation of the system, trainings for equipment operation and accounting manners including saving a maintenance cost for the equipment shall be given periodically to villagers in charge.

2.3.2 Selection of 22 Test Well Construction Site

Selection of villages for test well construction was conducted in consideration of the following aspects of the 10 villages selected in each Township.

- Results of survey on water utilization condition of each village - Results of analysis on existing data and survey of geophysical prospecting - Presumption of water quality and quantity of groundwater from the actual condition of the existing wells located in neighboring villages - Evaluation of socio-economic condition - Accessibility of road for drilling machine to drive into village

The evaluations based on the above work for each village are shown in Table 2.3.2.1 (1)-(6). Following rules were kept through the procedure of evaluation shown in the Table.

1) The former criterion item shall be prior to the latter one

2) The order of the evaluation within each criterion is as follows,

a) Accessibility A≧B＞C where A: easily accessible (accessible) B: road improvement by hand is necessary (accessible) C: long distance road improvement by hand or machine is necessary (difficult to access)

3-43 The Study on Water Supply Systems in Mandalay City and in the Central Dry Zone Part III Study for the Central Dry Zone

b) Water Quality A≧？＞A？＞B？＞B where A: EC≦1.5 mS/cm (measured) B: EC＞1.5 mS/cm (measured) ?: no data or information A?: villager’s comment (not saline) B?: villager’s comment (saline)

According to the WHO (1963) standards, fresh water is defined as “Fresh Water ≦ 1,000 mg/lit (TDS) ≒1,500 μS/cm (EC).

c) Quantity A＞B where A: discharge≧1,500 gph B: discharge＜1,500 gph

A design figure of per capita consumption in rural area in Myanmar is 10 gallons (“Burma Villagers Water Supply Project, Phase II Design Report, Coffey & Partners Pty Ltd.”). If pumping time is 8 hours in a day with the discharge rate of 1,500gph., a total discharge is 12,000 gallons. Therefore, more than 1,000 peoples (average population of a village in the 11 town ships) can be supplied with the total discharge.

d) Aquifer Geology Q＞I＞P where Q: Quaternary sediments I: Irrawaddy Formation P: Pegu Group ?: not certainly

In Myanmar, there is the general law that the majority of groundwater tapped from Pegu aquifers has distinct high value of EC.

e) Geophysical Factor AA＞AB＞BB＞BC＞CC where A: high possibility of existence of aquifer B: low possibility of existence of aquifer C: very low possibility of existence of aquifer Geophysical survey was carried out at two survey points in each site (village).

f) Socio-economic Factors see A＞B

3-44 The Study on Water Supply Systems in Mandalay City and in the Central Dry Zone Part III Study for the Central Dry Zone

where A: higher rank demand for new water source (rank 1-5) B: lower rank demand for new water source (rank 6-10)

Then the final decision of 2 villages from the 10 villages in each Township was decided through discussion and reconsideration in detail on priorities in respect of groundwater development and hydro-geological character among the JICA Study Team and officers concerned of each Township and the headquarters of DDA. Accordingly total 22 of test well sites were selected. A series of the selection work is done in accordance with Fig. 2.3.2.1. The locations of test well drilling villages finally selected are shown in Fig. 2.3.2.2.

3-45 Table 2.3.2.1(1) Evaluation of Study Villages on Suitablity for Test Drilling Site TAUNGTHA TOWNSHIP (Mandalay Div.) Cattle Sr. House- Popula- Suitability for test drilling site Test well Village Tract Village & No. hold tion (decided) goat Access. Qlt. Qnt. Geol. Geoph. Socio. Proposed C 1 Magyipinte Pegingyaw 167 881 710 A B ? P A x C A 2 Zagyan Kanthonesint 285 1332 425 B(C) A A I A O ○ A A 3 Zagyan Tabaukkon 91 410 200 B ? A I A O ○ A B 4 Aungtha Aungtha 199 1114 309 A B? B P B x B B 5 Thaputsu Dahatan 87 453 99 B B B I A x B A 6 Chaukgwa Twinbye 286 1677 607 B A A I A O A B 7 Thaputsu Kyaukpon 157 824 198 C ? ? I B x C C 8 Simigan Thazi 175 876 - A B B I,P B x C C 9 Panpaung Magyigon 73 413 196 B B? A P B x C A 10 Magincho Sizongon 106 558 227 B B A P B x A

KYAUKPADAUNG TOWNSHIP (Mandalay Div.) A 1 Gwaydaukkone Gwaydaukkone 251 1354 840 B(C) A? A I A x ○ A A 2 Popa Chaungbya 111 696 157 A A? A I A O B A 3 Tangakan Tangakan 160 786 1320 B A? A I A x B A 4 Letpanpin Htantawgyi 126 703 160 A A? A I A O A A 5 Kanbauk Kanbauk 200 1200 1700 B ? A I B x A A 6 Simdaikan Sudat 88 489 132 A ? A I A O ○ B A 7 Simdaikan Sagyaw 199 599 162 B ? A I B x B Kanyai & A 8 Sonywa 56 300 100 B A A I,P A x Salindaung B A 9 Twinphyu Inbingyi 200 1132 513 C A A P B x B B 10 Kyauksayitkan Lwinpinkone 180 812 712 B A? B I? B x B Access.: accessibility by drilling rig in the dry season, ( ) in the rainy season Qlt.: quality of the existing deep tube well water which is located in the target village & its vicinities Qnt.: quantity of the existing deep tube well water which is located in the target village & its vicinities Geol.: aquifer geology of the target village Geoph.: geophysical factors Socio.: socio-economical factors Proposed: nominee for test well site which proposed by the Study Team

3-46 Table 2.3.2.1(2) Evaluation of Study Villages on Suitablity for Test Drilling Site NATOGYI TOWNSHIP (Mandalay Div.) Cattle Sr. House- Popula- Suitability for test drilling site Test well Village Tract Village & No. hold tion (decided) goat Access Qlt. Qnt. Hyg Geoph. Socio. Result B 1 Pegyet Pegyet W 258 1261 403 A(B) ? A I A O ○ B B 2 Thaminbe Buthigyin 132 684 475 B B? A P A x C A 3 Mogan Mogan W 62 326 171 B B B P B x A B 4 Thangwa Tangwa S 145 784 436 B A? A I B O B B 5 Gwegon Thapandaw 97 538 177 C B B P B x B B 6 Letwe Letwe 414 2179 668 B B A P A x C B 7 Nyaunggon Nyaunggon 142 774 548 B B? B P A x C 39 238 57 B 8 Pyayachaung Thintabaw C B A P A x 128 694 328 C B 9 Ketlan Ketlan 278 1622 1011 A B? C P B x C B 10 Yongon Aungthar 152 902 96 B B? B P A x ○ C

NYAUNG U TOWNSHIP (Mandalay Div.) A 1 Kantharyar Kantharyar 223 1414 659 B A B I B x A A 2 Kuywa Kuywa 200 1000 485 A ? A Q,I A O A A 3 Phalankan Phalankan 315 1450 629 A ? B I A O A A 4 Setsetyo Setsetyo 144 811 1582 A B? B I B x A A 5 Letwae Kangyikon (N) 132 664 84? B B? A I,P B x B B 6 Letwae Kangyikon (S) 89 577 216 B ? A I,P A x ○ B A 7 Taungzin Kaungpinsi 253 1708 352 B ? A I A x B A 8 Setsetyo Myetkhataw 87 570 310 A ? B I A O A A 9 Htipu Ywalu 40 225 65 A B? B I B x B B 10 Zedae Hta-naung-win 150 750 204 A ? B IP? A x ○ B Access.: accessibility by drilling rig in the dry season, ( ) in the rainy season Qlt.: quality of the existing deep tube well water which is located in the target village & its vicinities Qnt.: quantity of the existing deep tube well water which is located in the target village & its vicinities Geol.: aquifer geology of the target village Geoph.: geophysical factors Socio.: socio-economical factors Proposed: nominee for test well site which proposed by the Study Team

3-47 Table 2.3.2.1(3) Evaluation of Study Villages on Suitablity for Test Drilling Site PYAWBWE TOWNSHIP (Mandalay Div.) Cattle Sr. House- Popula- Suitability for test drilling site Test well Village Tract Village & No. hold tion (decided) goat Access. Qlt. Qnt. Geol. Geoph. Socio. Result B 1 Thabyeyo Thabyeyo - - - A(C) ? ? I A O ○ C B 2 Osanwe Yonbingon 60 350 300 A(C) B? A I B O ○ C B 3 Faungtan Yebyu 48 302 95 C B? A Q,P? A x B A 4 Faungtan Paukaingyo 84 535 >1000 C B? A Q,P? A x A B 5 Kyette Kyette 180 1000 >1000 A B A? I B x C A 6 Kongtha Thabok 111 750 328 C B? A Q,P? A x A B 7 Magyigon Magyigon 130 650 200 C ? A P A x C B 8 Sabaegon Pegan (N) 54 420 240 A ? ? I,P B x C B 9 Sabaegon Pegan (S) 85 480 630 A ? ? I,P B x C B 10 Sabaegon Nyandaw 68 331 170 A ? A P B x C

MYINGYAN TOWNSHIP (Mandalay Div.) A 1 Pyawt Chinmyitkyin 63 476 - A B? ? P A x B B 2 Ywatha Ywatha 400 2015 664 B B ? P B x C B 3 Koke Koke 297 1583 594 A B? ? I,P? A O ○ C B 4 Koke Ywathaya 235 1554 - B B ? I,P? B x B B 5 Taywinbo Kyaungbyugan 274 1798 406 A B ? I B x C B 6 Pya Pya 487 3038 1614 A B? ? I,P? B x B B 7 Kuywa Kuywa 405 2132 673 A B B I,P? A x C B 8 Saka Saka 255 1438 299 B B? ? Q,I B O ○ B A 9 Gwebinyo Gwebinyo 65 220 500 A B ? P A x B B 10 Gwebinyo Taungshe 180 1012 958 A B ? P A x B Access.: accessibility by drilling rig in the dry season, ( ) in the rainy season Qlt.: quality of the existing deep tube well water which is located in the target village & its vicinities Qnt.: quantity of the existing deep tube well water which is located in the target village & its vicinities Geol.: aquifer geology of the target village Geoph.: geophysical factors Socio.: socio-economical factors Proposed: nominee for test well site which proposed by the Study Team

3-48 Table 2.3.2.1(4) Evaluation of Study Villages on Suitablity for Test Drilling Site CHAUK TOWNSHIP (Magway Div.) Cattle Sr. House- Popula- Suitability for test drilling site Test well Village Tract Village & No. hold tion (decided) goat Access. Qlt. Qnt. Geol. Geoph. Socio. Result B 1 Gwegyo Sharbin 200 1200 650 A B B I B x C B 2 Thittogan Sudat 193 970 242 B B B I A x C A 3 Thittogan Sangan 138 676 169 B(C) A? A I A O ○ B B 4 Thalonthwe Pyaywa 146 757 189 A B? ? I A x B Kywedat- A 5 Kywedat 160 854 213 B B? A I B x ywama B B 6 Suyitkan Kyeiksu (S) 90 461 115 B B? A Q,I B x C B 7 Swebaukkan Zigyobin (S) 80 471 117 A B? A Q,I A x B B 8 Wetthesan Thayetpin 165 931 232 B(C) A? A Q,I A O ○ B A 9 Swebaukkan Yela 133 752 500 B B? A Q,I B x A B 10 Thanbo Kyauktaing 88 506 126 A A? B Q,I B x B

MAGWAY TOWNSHIP (Magway Div.) A 1 Kanthagyi Kanthagale 217 1093 1000 A ? A I A O ○ A A 2 Kyitsonbwe Kyitsonbwe 1100 5200 3000 A B? A I A x ○ B A 3 Payapyo Payapyo N 230 1045 479 A A B I v x B A 4 Thabyesan Minwa S 110 515 1000 B ? B I B x A Thabyesan N 270 A 5 Thabyesan 50 250 A ? B I A x (Thabyesan S) (1700) B B 6 Leya Taungyartaw 87 490 600 B B A I A x B A 7 Papaesan Ywataw 50 224 400 A B? A I B x B A 8 Kunon Yonekone 140 815 700 C ? ? P B x B A 9 Alebo Inbinkan 100 586 300 A ? A I B O B A 10 Alebo Ywakuitsan 55 280 381 B ? ? I B x B Access.: accessibility by drilling rig in the dry season, ( ) in the rainy season Qlt.: quality of the existing deep tube well water which is located in the target village & its vicinities Qnt.: quantity of the existing deep tube well water which is located in the target village & its vicinities Geol.: aquifer geology of the target village Geoph.: geophysical factors Socio.: socio-economical factors Proposed: nominee for test well site which proposed by the Study Team

3-49 Table 2.3.2.1(5) Evaluation of Study Villages on Suitablity for Test Drilling Site PAKOKKU TOWNSHIP (Magway Div.) Cattle Sr. House- Popula- Suitability for test drilling site Test well Village Tract Village & No. hold tion (decided) goat Access. Qlt. Qnt. Geol. Geoph. Socio. Result A 1 Padaingchone Myauklukan 380 2304 - B B A I B x B A 2 Magyithonepin Magyithonepin 100 625 - A ? A I A O ○ A A 3 Kanyet Kyauksayitkan 125 -750 - B A A I A O B A 4 Kyathto Anaukponekan 90 575 145 B A B I A x ○ A A 5 Chaukkan Chaukkan W 280 1432 - B A A I B B x B 6 Kyathto Kyathtoe 100 650 150 A A? B I A x B A 7 Palan-O Palan-O 320 2700 - B A B I A x B B 8 Sabae Sarkyin 130 800 1000 C ? B I B x B A 9 Palan-O Kanpauksu 111 670 120 B A A I B x B B 10 Sabae Sabae W 300 1500 300 A B B I A x B

MYOTHIT TOWNSHIP (Magway Div.) A 1 Ledaingzin Thamya 650 2500 7000 A(C) A? A I A O ○ A A 2 Ledaingzin Ledaingzin N&S 600 3000 700 A(B) A A I B O ○ A A 3 Yebye Natkan 180 1000 1000 C A A I B x B A 4 Ledaingzin Aungmyinthar 160 750 850 B A A I B x B A 5 Ledaingzin Pogyi 325 2000 3000 B A B I A x B A 6 Yondaw Myinsu 72 344 250 B A A I A O A B 7 Gwegyo Gwegyo (W) 200 500 450 C B? ? Q,I B x B A 8 Yondaw Yondaw 362 2568 8000 C A A I A x B A 9 Wagyiaing Wagyiaing 620 2864 3500 C A B I A x B A 10 Wagyraing Ngwelay 193 1500 1100 C B? A I B x B Access.: accessibility by drilling rig in the dry season, ( ) in the rainy season Qlt.: quality of the existing deep tube well water which is located in the target village & its vicinities Qnt.: quantity of the existing deep tube well water which is located in the target village & its vicinities Geol.: aquifer geology of the target village Geoph.: geophysical factors Socio.: socio-economical factors Proposed: nominee for test well site which proposed by the Study Team

3-50 Table 2.3.2.1(6) Evaluation of Study Villages on Suitablity for Test Drilling Site YESAGYO TOWNSHIP (Magway Div.) Cattle Sr. House- Popula- Suitability for test drilling site Test well Village Tract Village & No. hold tion (decided) goat Access. Qlt. Qnt. Geol. Geoph. Socio. Result C 1 Pyiba Byiba 150 828 1200 B B B I B x C B 2 Thitkyidaw Thitkyidaw 500 3400 1000 B(C) B A I A O ○ C B 3 Wetkdaw Thitkaukseik 105 653 150 B B A I B x C B 4 Zedaw Seywa 186 1075 372 A A B I A O ○ C B 5 Salingon Sattwa 125 637 452 B B B P B x C B 6 Kyaukka Chinyagone 132 692 - B B A P A x B B 7 Kyaukka Kyaukka 132 688 264 B B B P A x C B 8 Kyukka Kyauktaga 58 326 116 B B A P A x B C 9 Tangedaw Zidaw 80 555 160 B ? B P B x C B 10 Tangedaw Kunthigan 120 760 240 B B? A I B x C Access.: accessibility by drilling rig in the dry season, ( ) in the rainy season Qlt.: quality of the existing deep tube well water which is located in the target village & its vicinities Qnt.: quantity of the existing deep tube well water which is located in the target village & its vicinities Geol.: aquifer geology of the target village Geoph.: geophysical factors Socio.: socio-economical factors Proposed: nominee for test well site which proposed by the Study Team

3-51 The Study on Water Supply Systems in Mandalay City and in the Central Dry Zone Part III Study for the Central Dry Zone

Village Survey on Existing Water Sources Legend Process by the JICA Team Accessibility *Accessible Process after Discussion with

DDA

Criteria to be cleared *EC≦1,500 μS/cm (1.5 mS/cm) Criteria to be considered Water Quality

≧ Existing Tube Well Quantity *Q 2 lit/sec (1,500 gph) Data in the Vicinity

Aquifer Geology

Geophysical

Factors Socio-economic Factors

Draft Selection

DDA’s Proposal

Final Discussion on Test Well Site

& Decision Discussion with DDAs

Fig.2.3.2.1 Flow of Selection of 22 Test Well Construction Sites

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