The Study on Water Supply Systems in Mandalay City and in the Central Dry Zone Part III Study for the Central Dry Zone 6) Water fetching from other village is a heavy burden to the villagers from the physical, mental, and economic point of views. Therefore most of the villagers want to have at least one tube well in their own village. 7) Cost of fuel for pump operation imposes a burden on the villagers. Therefore villagers try the most economical pump operation. It is easily anticipated that even after completion of a tube well they may continue the same water use manners, and use the well during the most drought months, otherwise they have to fetch water from the other villages. 8) In case that a tube well already functions in village, the water committee, which is organized among the villagers, operates and maintains the tube well. The almost villagers are satisfied with it. However, to secure more sustainable operation of the system, trainings for equipment operation and accounting manners including saving a maintenance cost for the equipment shall be given periodically to villagers in charge. 2.3.2 Selection of 22 Test Well Construction Site Selection of villages for test well construction was conducted in consideration of the following aspects of the 10 villages selected in each Township. - Results of survey on water utilization condition of each village - Results of analysis on existing data and survey of geophysical prospecting - Presumption of water quality and quantity of groundwater from the actual condition of the existing wells located in neighboring villages - Evaluation of socio-economic condition - Accessibility of road for drilling machine to drive into village The evaluations based on the above work for each village are shown in Table 2.3.2.1 (1)-(6). Following rules were kept through the procedure of evaluation shown in the Table. 1) The former criterion item shall be prior to the latter one 2) The order of the evaluation within each criterion is as follows, a) Accessibility A≧B＞C where A: easily accessible (accessible) B: road improvement by hand is necessary (accessible) C: long distance road improvement by hand or machine is necessary (difficult to access) 3-43 The Study on Water Supply Systems in Mandalay City and in the Central Dry Zone Part III Study for the Central Dry Zone b) Water Quality A≧？＞A？＞B？＞B where A: EC≦1.5 mS/cm (measured) B: EC＞1.5 mS/cm (measured) ?: no data or information A?: villager’s comment (not saline) B?: villager’s comment (saline) According to the WHO (1963) standards, fresh water is defined as “Fresh Water ≦ 1,000 mg/lit (TDS) ≒1,500 μS/cm (EC). c) Quantity A＞B where A: discharge≧1,500 gph B: discharge＜1,500 gph A design figure of per capita consumption in rural area in Myanmar is 10 gallons (“Burma Villagers Water Supply Project, Phase II Design Report, Coffey & Partners Pty Ltd.”). If pumping time is 8 hours in a day with the discharge rate of 1,500gph., a total discharge is 12,000 gallons. Therefore, more than 1,000 peoples (average population of a village in the 11 town ships) can be supplied with the total discharge. d) Aquifer Geology Q＞I＞P where Q: Quaternary sediments I: Irrawaddy Formation P: Pegu Group ?: not certainly In Myanmar, there is the general law that the majority of groundwater tapped from Pegu aquifers has distinct high value of EC. e) Geophysical Factor AA＞AB＞BB＞BC＞CC where A: high possibility of existence of aquifer B: low possibility of existence of aquifer C: very low possibility of existence of aquifer Geophysical survey was carried out at two survey points in each site (village). f) Socio-economic Factors see A＞B 3-44 The Study on Water Supply Systems in Mandalay City and in the Central Dry Zone Part III Study for the Central Dry Zone where A: higher rank demand for new water source (rank 1-5) B: lower rank demand for new water source (rank 6-10) Then the final decision of 2 villages from the 10 villages in each Township was decided through discussion and reconsideration in detail on priorities in respect of groundwater development and hydro-geological character among the JICA Study Team and officers concerned of each Township and the headquarters of DDA. Accordingly total 22 of test well sites were selected. A series of the selection work is done in accordance with Fig. 2.3.2.1. The locations of test well drilling villages finally selected are shown in Fig. 2.3.2.2. 3-45 Table 2.3.2.1(1) Evaluation of Study Villages on Suitablity for Test Drilling Site TAUNGTHA TOWNSHIP (Mandalay Div.) Cattle Sr. House- Popula- Suitability for test drilling site Test well Village Tract Village & No. hold tion (decided) goat Access. Qlt. Qnt. Geol. Geoph. Socio. Proposed C 1 Magyipinte Pegingyaw 167 881 710 A B ? P A x C A 2 Zagyan Kanthonesint 285 1332 425 B(C) A A I A O ○ A A 3 Zagyan Tabaukkon 91 410 200 B ? A I A O ○ A B 4 Aungtha Aungtha 199 1114 309 A B? B P B x B B 5 Thaputsu Dahatan 87 453 99 B B B I A x B A 6 Chaukgwa Twinbye 286 1677 607 B A A I A O A B 7 Thaputsu Kyaukpon 157 824 198 C ? ? I B x C C 8 Simigan Thazi 175 876 - A B B I,P B x C C 9 Panpaung Magyigon 73 413 196 B B? A P B x C A 10 Magincho Sizongon 106 558 227 B B A P B x A KYAUKPADAUNG TOWNSHIP (Mandalay Div.) A 1 Gwaydaukkone Gwaydaukkone 251 1354 840 B(C) A? A I A x ○ A A 2 Popa Chaungbya 111 696 157 A A? A I A O B A 3 Tangakan Tangakan 160 786 1320 B A? A I A x B A 4 Letpanpin Htantawgyi 126 703 160 A A? A I A O A A 5 Kanbauk Kanbauk 200 1200 1700 B ? A I B x A A 6 Simdaikan Sudat 88 489 132 A ? A I A O ○ B A 7 Simdaikan Sagyaw 199 599 162 B ? A I B x B Kanyai & A 8 Sonywa 56 300 100 B A A I,P A x Salindaung B A 9 Twinphyu Inbingyi 200 1132 513 C A A P B x B B 10 Kyauksayitkan Lwinpinkone 180 812 712 B A? B I? B x B Access.: accessibility by drilling rig in the dry season, ( ) in the rainy season Qlt.: quality of the existing deep tube well water which is located in the target village & its vicinities Qnt.: quantity of the existing deep tube well water which is located in the target village & its vicinities Geol.: aquifer geology of the target village Geoph.: geophysical factors Socio.: socio-economical factors Proposed: nominee for test well site which proposed by the Study Team 3-46 Table 2.3.2.1(2) Evaluation of Study Villages on Suitablity for Test Drilling Site NATOGYI TOWNSHIP (Mandalay Div.) Cattle Sr. House- Popula- Suitability for test drilling site Test well Village Tract Village & No. hold tion (decided) goat Access Qlt. Qnt. Hyg Geoph. Socio. Result B 1 Pegyet Pegyet W 258 1261 403 A(B) ? A I A O ○ B B 2 Thaminbe Buthigyin 132 684 475 B B? A P A x C A 3 Mogan Mogan W 62 326 171 B B B P B x A B 4 Thangwa Tangwa S 145 784 436 B A? A I B O B B 5 Gwegon Thapandaw 97 538 177 C B B P B x B B 6 Letwe Letwe 414 2179 668 B B A P A x C B 7 Nyaunggon Nyaunggon 142 774 548 B B? B P A x C 39 238 57 B 8 Pyayachaung Thintabaw C B A P A x 128 694 328 C B 9 Ketlan Ketlan 278 1622 1011 A B? C P B x C B 10 Yongon Aungthar 152 902 96 B B? B P A x ○ C NYAUNG U TOWNSHIP (Mandalay Div.) A 1 Kantharyar Kantharyar 223 1414 659 B A B I B x A A 2 Kuywa Kuywa 200 1000 485 A ? A Q,I A O A A 3 Phalankan Phalankan 315 1450 629 A ? B I A O A A 4 Setsetyo Setsetyo 144 811 1582 A B? B I B x A A 5 Letwae Kangyikon (N) 132 664 84? B B? A I,P B x B B 6 Letwae Kangyikon (S) 89 577 216 B ? A I,P A x ○ B A 7 Taungzin Kaungpinsi 253 1708 352 B ? A I A x B A 8 Setsetyo Myetkhataw 87 570 310 A ? B I A O A A 9 Htipu Ywalu 40 225 65 A B? B I B x B B 10 Zedae Hta-naung-win 150 750 204 A ? B IP? A x ○ B Access.: accessibility by drilling rig in the dry season, ( ) in the rainy season Qlt.: quality of the existing deep tube well water which is located in the target village & its vicinities Qnt.: quantity of the existing deep tube well water which is located in the target village & its vicinities Geol.: aquifer geology of the target village Geoph.: geophysical factors Socio.: socio-economical factors Proposed: nominee for test well site which proposed by the Study Team 3-47 Table 2.3.2.1(3) Evaluation of Study Villages on Suitablity for Test Drilling Site PYAWBWE TOWNSHIP (Mandalay Div.) Cattle Sr.