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Paradoxes of Interactivity Uwe Seifert, Jin Hyun Kim, and Anthony Moore (eds.) PARADOXES OF INTERACTIVITY Uwe Seifert, Jin Hyun Kim, and Anthony Moore (eds.) PARADOXES OF INTERACTIVITY Perspectives for Media Theory, Human-Computer Interaction, and Artistic Investigations This publication was financially supported by the German National Research Foundation (Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft) within the scope of the Collaborative Research Centre SFB/FK 427 “Media and Cultural Communication”. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 3.0 License. Bibliographic information published by the Deutsche Nationalbibliothek The Deutsche Nationalbibliothek lists this publication in the Deutsche Nationalbibliografie; detailed bibliographic data are available in the Internet at http://dnb.d-nb.de © 2008 transcript Verlag, Bielefeld Edited by: Uwe Seifert, Jin Hyun Kim, Anthony Moore Proofread by: Anthony Moore, Michael Kelly, Jin Hyun Kim, Jochen Arne Otto, Uwe Seifert Typeset by: Jochen Arne Otto, Son-Hwa Chang Design: Carsten Goertz (www.farn.cc) Layout: Jochen Arne Otto, Carsten Goertz, Rosie Placzek, Katja Schwemmer Printed by: Majuskel Medienproduktion GmbH, Wetzlar ISBN 978-3-89942-842-1 CONTENTS Uwe Seifert 8 The Co-Evolution of Humans and Machines: A Paradox of Interactivity I. Rethinking Interactivity Sybille Krämer 26 Does the Body Disappear? A Comment on Computer Generated Spaces Ludwig Jäger and Jin Hyun Kim 44 Transparency and Opacity: Interface Technology of Mediation in New Media Art Werner Rammert 62 Where the Action is: Distributed Agency between Humans, Machines, and Programs Frieder Nake 92 Surface, Interface, Subface: Three Cases of Interaction and One Concept Rudolf Kaehr 110 Double Cross Playing Diamonds: Understanding Interactivity in/between Bigraphs and Diamonds II. Interplay between Art, Science, and Technology Hans H. Diebner 142 Where Art and Science Meet (or Where They Work at Cross-Purposes) Christoph Lischka 160 Time, Magma, Continuity: Some Remarks on In-Formation and the Fabrication of “Poiesis” Julian Rohrhuber 174 Implications of Unfolding Georg Trogemann, Stefan Göllner, and Lasse Scherffig 192 UNORTKATASTER: An Urban Experiment Towards Participatory Media Development Antonio Camurri, Barbara Mazzarino, and Gualtiero Volpe 218 Modelling and Analysing Expressive Gesture in Multimodal Systems III. Interactive Media Performances: Past, Present, and Future Martina Leeker 250 Interaction Computer Dance: The Resonance Paradigm 1900/2000 Monika Fleischmann and Wolfgang Strauss 266 Staging of the Thinking Space: From Immersion to Performative Presence Jin Hyun Kim 282 From Interactive Live Electronic Music to New Media Art Gil Weinberg 298 Extending the Musical Experience: From the Physical to the Digital and Back Suguru Goto 326 Virtual Musical Instruments and Robot Music Performances Authors’ Biographies 336 THE CO- EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES THE A PARADOXCO- OF EVOLUTION OF INTERACTIVITYHUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF Uwe Seifert HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARA OF INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUM A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PAR INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARAD INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF INTER CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF INT CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADO CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION O OF INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EV PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF INTERAC PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF I PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARA HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PA CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF I OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF INTERACT HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF INTE HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX O CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AN INTERACTIVITY MACHINES: A P The Meaning of “Paradox” “Paradox”What as isused meant in the by thetitle expression of the book “paradox” refers to thein “Paradoxes ordinary meaning of Interactivity”? of the word, and not to the well-known paradoxes of logic and mathematics such as Russell’s ND MACHINES: A PARADOX motion. The semantic field of the ordinary meaning of the word “paradox” O-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: derives from the ancient Greek word “parádoxos” consisting of “pará” mean- TERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF ing “contrary” and “dóxa” meaning “opinion”. In Book V of his “Republic” 1 AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF Plato set-theoretical paradox or Zeno’s NTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF dox” is “a statement contrary to expectation”, “an incredible statement”, “a 3 ION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A statement contrary speaks toof accepted“paradoxos opinion”, logos”. “againstUsed in commonthis sense sense the meaning or ordinary of “para- D MACHINES: A PARADOX OF opinion”, “provocative to accepted opinion or common sense”, “contrary to HINES: A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY generally accepted belief” or “something surprising”. What are the provoca- : A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE tive or incredible ideas associated with “interactivity”? ES: A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE MACHINES: A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE NS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF Interactivity: A Semantic Field THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX RACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF to “action”, and in the social sciences action is presupposed to depend on HUMANS AND MACHINES: A In general, an explanation of “interactivity” or “interaction” refers back 2 PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE CO- an active human subject intentionally acting upon an object or another paradoxes of plurality and EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A INES: A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE subject. Interaction only takes place between humans, because objects, CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINE ND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF like machines, are incapable of intentionality. In the case of human action INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND humans are ascribed agency. In sociology “agency” is often contrasted with MACHINES: A PARADOX OF AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF “structure”. But actually, structure is both an outcome of previous agency INTERACTIVITY INES: A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE and a constraint upon it. Two semantic fields can be associated with “agency”. CO-EVOLUTION ARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE CO- First, in the social sciences the sense of “agency” is mainly judicial, political EVOLUTION OF S: A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE CO- or economical. This meaning is related to authority and assignment of power EVOLUTION OF CHINES: A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY or official duties to humans, e.g. “assignee” or “agent”. The second mean- THE UTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A ing of “agency” and “agent” is mostly found in the natural sciences such as PARADOX OF chemistry, biology, and physics. It is associated with effect, tool, activity, e.g. NTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND “protective agent”. To summarise: There are two fields of meanings concern- MACHINES: A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY ing “agency”, “agent”, “action”, “interaction” and “to act upon”. One semantic THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND field concerns the social sciences, and strongly relates to the idea of an inten- MACHINES: A PARADOX OF tional being, a human. The other concerns the natural sciences and refers to INTERACTIVITY the idea of effect. THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A 1 Russell 1903, § 101 PARADOX OF 2 Salmon 2001 INTERACTIVITY 3 Plato’s “Republic“ 472 a6; see Liddell/Scott 1996, p. 1309 THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX OF INTERACTIVITY THE CO-EVOLUTION OF HUMANS AND MACHINES: A PARADOX
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