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SUICIDE and GUNS If You Or Someone You Know Is Contemplating Suicide, Please Call the Free and Confidential National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255

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SUICIDE and GUNS If You Or Someone You Know Is Contemplating Suicide, Please Call the Free and Confidential National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255 THE TRUTH ABOUT SUICIDE AND GUNS If you or someone you know is contemplating suicide, please call the free and confidential National Suicide Prevention Lifeline at 1-800-273-8255. 2 BRADY CAMPAIGN TO PREVENT GUN VIOLENCE INTRODUCTION In 2017, over 2 million people called the same 1-800 women, young and old, veterans and civilians, of all number. They weren’t calling a customer service races, religions, sexual, and gender identities. Many line, law enforcement, or the fire department.1 of the callers were enduring extremely stressful Instead, these 2 million callers dialed the National situations like the loss of a loved one, a job, or a Suicide Prevention Lifeline, which offers free, home, addiction to substances, being deployed, or around-the-clock access to trained counselors who returning from combat, and didn’t know where to provide emotional support and resources to people turn. For those who can access mental health care or contemplating suicide. Many of the callers were reach out to a hotline like the Lifeline, their story can experiencing suicidal thoughts or had attempted have a happy ending. But in the United States, where to end their lives in the past. Some struggle with 41 percent of the population owns a gun or lives in a diagnosed mental illnesses like clinical depression, home with one,3 the story too often ends in tragedy. anxiety, or mood disorders. But many do not. Many people in crisis—and the majority of those who go In 2016, almost 23,000 people used a gun to end on to die by suicide—do not suffer from mental their lives.4 Despite a trend of decreasing firearm illness.2 They are average Americans—men and suicides into the 21st century, the rate of firearm TRENDS IN FIREARM-RELATED DEATH RATES, 1992–2016* 8 7 Firearm Suicide 6 5 Rate (per 100,000) Rate 4 Firearm Homicide 3 1992 1994 1996 1998 2000 2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012 2014 2016 Year *2014 is the most recent year for which data are available. Data were obtained from the CDC Web-based *age-adjusted Injury Statistics Query and Reporting System, which lags two years behind the current year. BRADY CAMPAIGN TO PREVENT GUN VIOLENCE 3 suicide has climbed nearly every single year since that recognize this reality will America prevent 2006.5 The firearms suicide rate is currently twice the most prevalent form of gun violence in our the rate of suicides caused by suffocation, three nation: suicide.8 There are ways to prevent gun times those resulting from poisoning, and twenty suicides. These deaths are not inevitable, nor is this times higher than intentional falling deaths.6 continual increase a predetermined one. There are Suicide in America will continue to worsen as long a plethora of strategies that have already proven as people in crisis continue to have easy access effective at preventing suicides. More widespread to highly lethal means like firearms.7 Only when implementation of these strategies across the United we implement policies and change social norms States can help reduce gun suicides and save lives. 4 BRADY CAMPAIGN TO PREVENT GUN VIOLENCE THE LINK BETWEEN SUICIDE & GUNS Guns make up the highest percentage of fatal ability to summon help or reconsider in the midst suicide attempts. Why is that? Because the act of of an attempt. suicide is frequently an impulsive one and guns are a staggeringly lethal means. The impulsivity is By temporarily removing firearms or making them clear—attempts of suicide by gun result in death more difficult to access for individuals in the midst 85 percent of the time, compared to just 3 percent of crisis, people attempting suicide will more for other common methods like a drug overdose.9 frequently survive and get a second chance at What isn’t well understood, however, is that for life. That second chance is critical because the those who attempt suicide and survive, the vast vast majority—about 90 percent—of people who majority go on to live long lives, eventually dying of attempt suicide and survive do not go on to die by natural causes.10 The presence of a gun turns what suicide.11 A full 70 percent never make another is an impulsive act that is not frequently repeated attempt on their life.12 if the person survives into an almost always fatal act. Suicidal victims who choose a firearm over When the decision to attempt suicide is made, it methods like a drug overdose, suffocation, or is frequently impulsive. For survivors, it is often cutting typically do not have the opportunity or immediately regretted. Anecdotal evidence and FATAL AND NONFATAL SUICIDE ATTEMPTS BY METHOD, 2016 Suocation 0.8% Fall Cutting/Piercing 2.5% 1.9% Firearm Fall 0.9% 0.7% Other Firearm 3.8% 51% Other 21.4% Poisoning 14.9% 53.2% Poisoning Fatal Nonfatal Suicide Suicide Attempts Attempts Cutting/ 23% Suocation 25.9% Piercing BRADY CAMPAIGN TO PREVENT GUN VIOLENCE 5 WHILE SOME SUICIDES ARE CERTAINLY PLANNED FOR DAYS, WEEKS, OR MONTHS IN ADVANCE, UP TO TWO-THIRDS ARE IMPULSIVE ACTS WITH NO PRIOR PLANNING. interviews with those who made a non-fatal suicide attempt characterize the desperate actions of an TIME ELAPSED BETWEEN individual who felt like “no one cared,” or there DECISION AND SUICIDE ATTEMPT was “nothing left to live for.” Yet these individuals Percentage are frequently the same people who go on to live Time of attempters happy, fulfilled lives after their attempt. Kevin Hines, a survivor of an attempted suicide at the Golden Gate Bridge in 2000, described his thoughts Less than 5 minutes 24% during his jump from the bridge as “instant regret” followed by an immediate desire to fight for his life, no matter what it took.13 Another survivor recounts how when he vaulted over the railing, he “knew at that moment that [he] really, really messed up. Less than Everything could have been better, [he] could 20 minutes 48% change things.”14 Stories like this aren’t rare, and they characterize the second way that guns and suicide are linked: by impulsivity. While some suicides are certainly planned for days, weeks, or months in advance, up to two-thirds are impulsive Within acts with no prior planning.15 Interviews with an hour 71% survivors of near-lethal suicide attempts reveal that about a quarter of them made their attempt just five minutes after making their decision. Nearly half made an attempt within twenty minutes, and about 70 percent did so within an hour.16 This underscores a critical fact: by limiting and delaying access to guns, many of these suicides could be prevented. 6 BRADY CAMPAIGN TO PREVENT GUN VIOLENCE COMMUNITIES UNIQUELY IMPACTED BY FIREARMS SUICIDE MEN that as long as 61 percent of gun owners are men, they will continue to make up a large percentage of firearm suicide victims as well.18 Women, while The epidemic of gun suicide in our nation is a public actually more likely to attempt suicide, do so far health crisis that deserves public health solutions. less frequently with firearms, thus more women In the United States, the gun suicide epidemic survive suicide attempts. is primarily driven by older white men. Men of all ages comprise over 85 percent of firearm suicide victims, and men over 40 make up 57 percent of them. Additionally, men’s access to firearms MILITARY MEMBERS & VETERANS far outpaces that of women: men are three times more likely to own a firearm compared to their When veterans return from active-duty service, female counterparts, and about 50 percent of men they must acclimate to civilian life.19 In this report living in a gun-owning household.17 It’s not process, many face difficulties accessing surprising given the unique lethality of firearms necessary services, including mental healthcare. FIREARM SUICIDE RATES BY AGE GROUP AND SEX, 2012-2016* 10–24 6.3 0.9 Male Female 25–34 11.6 2 35–44 12.1 2.4 Age 45–54 15 3.3 55–64 17.1 2.9 65+ 25 1.8 Rate (per 100,000) *age-adjusted BRADY CAMPAIGN TO PREVENT GUN VIOLENCE 7 VETERANS OF BOTH GENDERS ARE FAR MORE LIKELY TO TAKE THEIR OWN LIVES IN SUICIDE THAN THEIR CIVILIAN COUNTERPARTS. Due to this difficulty, many suffer from Veterans have unique experience with guns that undiagnosed and untreated depression, anxiety, is often ingrained in their identity, and many still or Post Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD).20 The have access to guns. Their rates of gun ownership veterans suicide crisis in this country has reached are considerably higher than the general a new high: about 20 veterans die by suicide population—about half of veterans self-report as every day in the United States.21 Since 2001, being gun owners—and among combat veterans, veterans’ suicide rates have risen by more than that number is as high as 75 percent.26 It is no one-third.22 In fact, veterans of both genders are surprise, unfortunately, that approximately two- far more likely to take their own lives in suicide thirds of veterans who end their lives do so with a than their civilian counterparts; for women, that firearm.27 Veterans also frequently have unlocked difference is particularly stark. Female veterans and loaded guns in their homes, giving ready are 250 percent more likely to die by suicide, and access to guns during periods of crisis or mental their male colleagues are 18 percent more likely health struggles.28 The discussion of access to to take their own lives,than the average female or healthcare for veterans, therefore, should include male civilian, respectively.23 Additionally, women a specific focus on the outsized role that firearms veterans are less likely to have their mental health play in this community, and how to prevent a gun, care needs met by veterans affairs services, and used in service for our country, being used to end less than half of those that received care felt that the life of that veteran by suicide.
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