Transactions and Proceedings

of the Palaeontological Society of Japan

New Series No. 80

Palaeontological Society of japan December 20, 1970 · -/

Editor: Tokio SHIKAMA Associate Edit or: Kiyotaka CHI NZEI

Officers for 1969-1970

President: Fuyuji TAKA! Councillors (*Executives): Kiyoshi ASANO*, Tetsuro HANA I* (Secretary), Kotara HATAI, Itaru HAYA MI , Koichiro ICHI KA WA , Taro KANAYA, Kametoshi KAN · MERA, Teiichi KO BAYAS HI , Kenji KO NISHI , Tamio KOTAK A, Tatsuro MATSU · MOTO*, Masao MI NA TO, Hiroshi OZA KI * (Treasurer), Tokio SHIKAMA*, Fuyuji TAKA!* Executive Committee (Chairman: Fuyuji T AKA! ) General Affairs: Tetsuro HA NA I, Takashi HAMADA, Yasuhide IwASAKI Membership: Takashi HAMADA Finance: Hiroshi 0 ZAK1, Saburo KAN NO Planning: Hiroshi QZAKI, Hiroshi Umt Publications Transactions:, 'Fokio SHIK AMA , Ki yotaka CHI NZEI \ Special Papers: Tatsuro MATSU MOTO, Tomowo OzAW A "Fossils": Kiyoshi ASANO, Yokichi TAKAYANAGI

Fossils on the cover is Gl obo rotalia trunca tul ino ides (D'0RBIGNY, 1839). The photograph was taken on a scanning electron microscope, JEOL-JSM-2, x 100.

All communications relating to this journal should be addressed to the PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN Geological Institute, Faculty of Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113, Japan Sole agent: Uni versity of Tokyo Press Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., No. 79, pp. 355-370, pis. 39-41, Dec. 20, 1970

571. NANNOPLANKTONS FROM THE DEEP-SEA OOZE OF THE EQUATORIAL PACIFIC*

SHIRO NISHIDA

Department of Earth Science, Nara University of Education, Nara, Japan

:!JFit~.lf7$0)~i'Wilik~4, O):fiEJC'i!li!]~7· 7 Y ~ r Y : 1968 fi'. 1 .fl JltDjJ:·*~i'Wt$liJf~PJTO) liJf~M& · i31m.;ltil~$ifl~.lft$ (KH67-5-St. 21: 'ffl*lt. 00°39.6', *fit 160°36.7', ~~~ 2940 m) il';l*:~&L..t.::fftL!il.ilikiJEr.j:tO):fiEJ('i!lii]1J'ib"7 Y~ r Yl<::-?v''Lf~'i1rT7.:>o ilik!JEO)*Jl~5H;t. Grobigerinaceae il' ~ t.>. !J, c. ntJ9'f.V';l:.l:t c iV c Coccolithophorid J:: !J tJ:"" "C v' 7.:> o 1:. 0) iliX~$t~,~·;;g;.:rlJ!fif~~tm~lc:t !J 28llliO):fiEJCi!ti!]11ii:7"7 Yt~ r :/~~clfJJGL..t-=o J't"'f:lJ!fi1~~J'fr <: v';l:. ~ ~I<: 2llii;Tilii~~ ~ :n 'L "' 7.:> o ;;is:~flO)J"*~~nt.:'ffl:#ittf!i;iRE:b.iltil';v';l:. HAsLE (1959) :6~ 32 l!RO):m.mO) Coccolitho­

phorids ~¥&'i1r !_.. "Cv' .Qil~. ;;js:~fllj:t J:: !J ,:CO)') b 6 fmil~ J!l±\ ~ ;f1,"Cv' Q 0 ~ t.: KAMPTNER (1963) ii~Jjl:ifljiJfE:b.iltO)f!!UITi!til';:m,-w:lct<>J::"' 2 Jji:O) core ~*4:6'~ 41 l!I!O) Coccolitho­ phorids ~¥&'i1r L "C v' .QiJ!, .:C 0)? t:, 9llii!Jjl:~fllj:t I<::J!I±l ~ ;f1, 7.:> o fiiJR~I<::flli:il!:iJFil[B[iJfE:f!ilt 0) core il'~$~'i1rL"Cv'7.:> 8f:!I!O)?i?4l!l!ill, ~I::!JFiti'WiRE:I!iltO) core .t->J::O: dredge ~flJ:: !J ~&'i1rL'Lv'7.:> 35f:!I!O)? '0 3f:!l!i1~*~*4*0)'l:,O)c3Jo .l:a':Jt<::v';l:. KH67-5--St. 21 ~*J!-0):7- I 7"7 :/ ~ r Yll~~O) 76% v';l:. Cyclococcolithus leptoporus (MuRRAY & BLACKMAN), Gephyrocapsa oceanica C. Umbilicosphaera mirabilis 0) 3 f:!l!il,~t.>.7.:>il~fiilt.i3Jm.;lt KH67-5-St. 23 core ~f4 (~!:*~ 00°49', *K& 164°00', ~~~ 4330 m, ::~7-ft 271 em) O)~J~Hf~'"Cv';l:. Cycl. leptoporus (MURRAY & BLACKMAN), Ellipsoplacolithus pro ductus C. Gephyrocapsa apert a 0) 3 fm<:~f*O) 88% ~~10. G. aperta O)J}.."f: 51% l<::~T7.:>o St. 23 core '"Cv';l:.1:.0)J::? t.>.f1f}j)(;:6~:::~7.ffi: 271cm l<:::bt.: !J l:tciVc~1tLt.>.v'o ~t:*~m~~<:v';l:.~!!\iJEO)ilH!£ 1 g ~ !J 3xl0 9 1~:ffi\~ I<::~T7.:>o fiilt-tmii!E:I!iltl<::-?v''LJ;.."C 'l:. L.O)J::? t.>.:mmllllll~~~flcc 0) 3:1< ll!if:!ll 0) ~ "' 0) lJli: 129 f'j: BRAMLETTE (1961) 0)~? 5000 mjlO fF c v' ') J:: ') t.>.tX~J2i~ c ,:CO)fi:HI<::.i>lt .QifljiJ]EO)jJIT

:;J;'!, l.lb*· 1R~tf!i;iRE c. ~~i'WiJfEO)'i::>ii!v'~mfi1:~1ttJ: cloJ(IO ~;f'!,J:: ? 0 MciNTYRE & BE (1967) c MciNTYRE & LOUISE (1969) v';l:.~il§'t$c~.lft$<: Coccolithophorid I<: -?v'"C ,:C;f'!,.:fh 5 -?0) floral group ~120Jij L f.:iJ!, .:Chi<: J:: 7.:> c :;ji:JV-1: flt:j:l 0) Coccolithophorid ll~~~';l:. tropical tJ: v' L subtropical assemblage O)fJR;jij~ff-i· o il§'IE~M

ry, the Challenger Expedition revealed Introduction their world wide distribution in calcare­ The significance of the Coccolithopho­ ous ooze. LOHMANN (1902) made a con­ ridae as an important constituent of the tribution to floristic relationships be­ modern deep-sea sediment has well been tween the Coccolithophorids of living recognized since the mid-nineteenth cen­ planktons and those of the sediment on tury. Towards the end of the centu- the underlying sea floor. Since then, a large number of species of this minute * Rece.ived Juue 1, 1970; read June 14, 1969. organism have been described chiefly by 355 356 Shiro NISHIDA the structural features -of coccoliths, on the stratigraphical distribution of the which are skeletal elements made of discoasters in the same core and dis­ calcite crystals arranged in an orderly cussed their occurrences on Janel in con­ pattern. In recent years, occurrence of nection with the sequences from mid coccoliths in the oceanic sediment has latitudes in Italy and Japan. Biogeo­ been given attention for its geological graphical researches on living Cocco­ value which has become to be proved. lithophoridae are carried strongly by Paleontological studies of coccoliths were MciNTYRE et al., OKADA and others. carried out by many investigators. Most The author ·would like to acknowledge of them are, however, of land samples the continuing guidance and encourage­ ranging from Jurassic to Pleistocene in ment of Professor Misaburo SHIMAKURA age. And the majority of the studies and to Assistant Professor Naofumi KI­ of pelagic samples are restricted in the TAGAWA of this university for a critical Atlantic Ocean, while reports of the reading of the manuscript. He is also coccoliths from the Pacific are rather grateful to Professor Noriyuki NASU of few, reported by KAMPTNER (1963), Ocean Research Institute, University of HA SLE (1959 & 1960), MARTINI & BRAM­ Tokyo, for providing the samples. LETTE (1963), MARTINI (1965), MciNTYRE & LOUISE (1969) and others. In Japan, Material studied TAKAYAMA (1968) reported orally on dis­ coasters from the deep-sea core of the The material here used is ·from the Philippine Sea at the Ordinary Meeting deep-sea sample dredged up by the Ha­ of the Palaeontological Society of Japan kuho-Maru, a research vessel of Ocean held at Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Research Institute, University of Tokyo, Japan. Also T AKAYAMA (1969) reported in her KH67- 5 cruise, at the Station 21,

Text-fig. 1. Geographical location of deep-sea ooze Hakuho-Maru 67-5-St. 21. 571. Nannoplanktons from the Equatorial Pacific 357

Lat. 00°39.6'S, Long. 160o36.7'E, from a belonging to Globigerinidae. Then, the depth of 2940 meters on the sea floor of supernatant part was again centrifuged the Equatorial Pacific Ocean on January at 350G for 1 minute and the deposit was 5th, 1968. In the present paper the repeatedly centrifuged at the same con­ author mentioned briefly on nannoplank­ dition with water until the finer material ton flora of KH67-5-St. 23 core obtained was taken off. The same volume· of in the same cruise. The station at hypochloride solution was added to the which the present sample was taken sample and boiled in water bath for 10 is situated in the western part of the minutes. After washing of this sample South Equatorial Current. The HASLE'S with water, carbon replicas were pre­ (1959) stations (St. 88-Lat. 00o01'N, Long. pared in the following manner; a drop of 145°02'W, St. 1-Lat. 00°58.6'N, Long. 145° concentrated suspension of nannoplank­ 05.2'W & St. 2-Lat. 00o00.7'N, Long. 145° tons in water is smeared on a mica flake 05.6'W), the two(St. 61-Lat, 00o06'S, Long. and allowed to dry. Carbon· was eva­ 135°58'W & St. 62-Lat. 03o00'S, Long. porated on the mica flake in the bell jar 136o00'W) of the KAMPTNER's (1963) sta­ evacuated to about I0-4 torr. The result­ tions and KH67-5-St. 23 (Lat. 00o49'N, ing carbon film was separated off the Long. 164°00'E) of Hakuho-Maru (NISHI­ mica flake and floated on a bath of about DA, in preparation) are located in the 5 percent of hydrochloric acid. Before .eastern part of the same current. this course of procedure, the evaporated Twenty-eight species of calcareous carbon film on the flake was sectioned nannoplankton are described below from to squares of about 2 milimeters. This this sample by means of the electron­ sectioning is appreciable for preventa­ microscopical observation. Some other tion of destroying of the film and for nannoplanktons were observed under the easiness of its handling in the proceeding optical microscope; they are fragments procedures. After ·about 10 minutes it ·Of Discoaster brouweri and D. perplexus. was transferred to the bath of distilled Besides the nannoplanktons, the present water and the sectioned carbon film· was sample contains abundant planktonic fo­ picked up on a 200 mesh copper electron­ raminifera, almost all of which belong microscope support screen. Sometimes to the Globigerinaceae. the present author used potassium hy­ droxide and hydrofluoric acid in this Preparation method course of procedure. Replicas made by this manner were An outline of the preparation method examined and photographed with a Japan is given below; the crude sample sent Electron OptiCs JEM -SS electron micro­ to the present author was soaked in scope at an accelerating voltage of 30 about 5 percent solution of sodium hexa­ kV. and a filament current of 60 rnA. metaphosphate for a day under the Because the specimens itself were de­ normal condition. The sample was cen­ stroyed in the course of preparation, the trifuged at 250G for 5 seconds and the type specimens described in this article supernatant part was reserved. This are substituted by electronmicrographed centrifuging was repeated until the su­ negatives. Serial nurribers were given to pernatant became clear under the same them. The negative films are preserved condition. The remainder is mostly com: in Department of Earth Science, Nara posed of planktonic foraminiferal tests University of Education, Nara, Japan. 358 Shiro NISHIDA

Coccolithophorid assemblage previously mentioned core samples. Nine species of them are found in the present Of twenty-eight species of nannoplank­ dredge sample; they are Ceratolithus tons obtained from the present sample, cristus, Emiliania huxleyi (LOHMANN)= six planktonic living species Emiliania Coccolithus huxleyi (LOHMANN), Craspedo­ huxleyi (LOHMANN)= Coccolithus huxleyi lithus declivus, Cycloplacolithus laevigatus, (LOHMANN), Coccolithus jragilis (LOH­ Ellipsoplacolithus productus, Gephyrocapsa MANN)=Cyclococcolithus fragilis (LOH­ aperta, G. oceanica, Helicopontosphaera MANN), Cycl. leptoporus, Umbilicosphaera kamptneri=Helicosphaera carteri (W AL­ mirabilis=Cycl. mirabilis (LOHMANN), LICH) and R habdosphaera claviger. Be­ Helicopontosphaera kamptneri = Helico­ sides he reported seven species of nan­ sphaera carteri (W ALLICH) and Syraco­ noplanktons regarded from Holocene to sphaera pulchra, were reported by HASLE early Pleistocene in age, from the core (1959) from the stations mentioned above. sample (MP10-1-Lat. 04o35'N, Long. 139° He reported thirty-two planktonic coc­ 57'W), which has its geographical loca­ colithophorids from the same stations tion in the Equatorial Countercurrent but the present author could recognized zone. Four species of them are found only six of HASLE's species in the sample in the present sample; they are Cerato­ from the bottom sediment under the lithus cristus, Emiliania huxleyi (LOH­ same current. This disagreement regard­ MANN)=Coccolithus hux[eyi (LOHMANN), ing the coccolithophorid assemblage be­ Helicopontosphaera kamptneri = Helico­ tween HASLE and the present author sphaera carteri (W ALLICH) and R habdo­ seems to be derived from several sources; sphaera claviger. And he reported thirty­ the difference of preparation method, five species of nannoplanktons ranging the difference of component between the from Upper Paleocene to Pliocene in age, planktonic living samples and the sedi­ from three cores and a dredge samples ment sample, and the difference of the (St. 53-Lat. 15°34'N, Long. 127oll'W, current conditions between surface and MP40-1-Lat. 15°32'N, Long. 177o32'W, deep-sea. MP25c-1-Lat. 19°40'N, Long. 168o32'W BRAMLETTE (1961) reported that coc­ & MP33c-Lat. 17"45'N, Long. 174o16'W), coliths settled requiring at rates more which have its geographical location than 10 years to reach 5000 meters depth. in the North Equatorial Current Zone. Calculated from this datum, the present Three species of them are found in the material requires as long as about 6 years present sample; they are Ceratolithus to settle the floor. Therefore, it is highly cristus, Emiliania huxleyi=Coccolithus possible that, during this period, the huxleyi (LOHMANN) and Helicopontospha­ original tropical assemblage of cocco­ era kamptneri=Helicosphaera carteri lithophorids becomes mixed with differ­ (W ALLICH). These disagreement regard­ ent kinds of assemblages and there oc­ ing the nannoplankton assemblage be­ curs sorting or selecting among their tween KAMPTNER and the present author components to form finally a sedimentary are kept for future settlement. assemblage which is quite distinct from Recently the present author commenced the original, planktonic one. the work on calcareous nannoplanktons KAMPTNER (1963) reported forty-one of the deep-sea core KH67-5-St. 23. In species of nannoplanktons ranging from comparison with the nannoplankton flora Pliocene to Holocene in age from the between the uppermost part of the core 571. Nannoplanktons from the Eq~wtoria l Pacific 359

Text-fig. 2. Relative frequencies of nannoplanktons from the samples KH67- 5-St. 21 and KH67- 5-St. 23.

(KH67-5-St. 23 core) and the above liania huxleyi (LOH MANN )=Coccolithus mentioned dredge sample (KH67- 5-St. huxleyi (LOH MANN ), Umbilicosj;haem mi­ 21 sample), considerable differences are rabilis and Cyclococcolithus leptopor us evident in quality and quantity. Relative (MURRAY & BLACKMAN ). frequencies of both floras are presented in the tex t-fig. 2. In the sample from the KH67- 5-St. 21, Cyclococcolithus lepta­ Systematic description porus, Gephyrocapsa oceanica and Um­ Genus Coccolithus SCHWARTZ, 1894 bilicosphaem mimbilis are representative species, and they attain to about 76 per­ Coccolithus doronicoides BLACK {;ent of all. On the contrary, in the up­ & BARNES, 1961 p ermost part of the KH67- 5- St. 23 core, Cyclococcolithus leptoporus, Ellipsoplaco­ P l. 41, fig. 4 .lithus pmductus and GephyrocajJsa aperta are representative and they attain to Co ccolilhus doronicoides BL AC K & BARNES, 1961 , p. 142, pl. 25, fig . 3; M c i NTYRE et about 88 percent of all. Especially it is al. , 1967, pp. 8- 9, fig . A; CoHEN & REI N­ noted that GephorocajJsa aperta alone oc­ HARDT, 1. 968, p. 293 , pl. 20, fig. 4. -cupies 51 percent of all. Occurrences of -discoasters from both samples are a DescrijJtion :- Placolith, circular and q uestion under present conditions. conical with closely appressed shields On the coccolithophorid floral assem­ concave distally, convex proximally and blage, MciNTYRE & BE (1967) and Mc- the inner end of the distal shield turns 1NTY RE & LOUI SE (1969) distinguished to the connecting tube. The larger five floral groups in the Atlantic and proximal and the smaller distal shields Pacific respectively. According to them, composed of thin and long segment, and the present assemblage is regarded to serrate in margin. The number of the 'belong their tropical or subtropical coc­ segments of each shield is about fifty­ ·COlithophorid assemblage, judged from six. The suture li nes of the distal shield abundant occurrence of Gej; hyrocapsa radiate straight at right-angle in the .oceanica, H elicopontosjJhae1·a lwmptneri= outer half of it. H elicosphaem carteri (W ALLICH ), Emi- The diameter of the distal shield is 360 Shiro NISHIDA

4.0 f-1· The diameter of the proximal to the ring. The larger proximal shield shield is 4.4 fl· composed of many irregularly sized and Hypotype: Pl. 41, fig. 4. (KH67-5-St. shaped segments which arranged with 21-76). dextral imbrication. The outer margin of the shield is rough and knotched. The diameters of the distal shield are Coccolithus aff. C. fragilis LOHMANN, 1912 about 6.7 fl· The diameters of the proxi­ Pl. 39, fig. 6 mal shields are about 9.5 f-1· The diame­ ters of the central opening are about Coccolithus fragi!is LoHMA:-.;:-.:; DEFLAKDRE 5.2 f-1· & FERT, 1953, p. 329. Hypotype: Pl. 40, figs. 6-7. (6; KH67- Description :-Placolith, circular in 5-St. 21-227, 7; KH67-5-St. 21-203). plane view with a serrate ellipse in the central pore. Shield consisting of eight­ een to nineteen wedge-shaped segments Genus Cyclococcolithus KAMPTNER, 1954 which show sinistral imbrication. Su­ Cyclococcolithus leptoporus (MURRAY & tures of the shield radiate straight in outer part but curve slightly with ap­ BLACKMAN) KAMPTNER, 1954 proach to the central pore. Central ser­ Pl. 39, figs. 1-3 rated ellipse is composed of more min­ ute segments with arrangement in both Coccosphaera leptopora MuRRAy & BLACK­ sides of the central slit. The segments MAN, 1898, pp. 430-437 & 439, pl. 15, figs. in a side of the central disc are numer­ 1-7. ated eight to nine. Coccolithophora leptopora (MURRAY & BLACK­ MAN) Lor-IMANN, 1902, pp. 137-138, pl. 5, The diameter of the shield is 4.5 f-1· fig. 52. Hypotype: Pl. 39, fig. 6. (KH67-5-St. Coccolithus leptoporus (MURRAY & BLACK­ 21-43). MAN) SCHILLER; BLACK & BARNES, 1961, p. 143, pl. 24, figs. 3-4. Genus Craspedolithus KAMPTNER, 1963 Umbilicosphaera leptopora (MURRAY & BLACK­ MA:-.;) CO!-IEN & REINHARDT, 1968, p. 296, Craspedolithus declivus KAMPTNER, 1963 pl. 20, fig. 11. Cyclococcolithus leptoporus (MURRAY &BLACK­ Pl. 40, figs. 6-7 MAN) KAMPTNER, 1954, p. 23, fig. 20 ;. CoHEN, 1964, p. 237, pl. 2, fig. 4; Cor-IEN, KAMPTNER, 1963, p. Craspedo!ithus declivus 1965b, pp. 25-26, pl. 18, Jigs. a-e, pl. 19, 161, pl. 2, fig. 16; KA'viPTNER, 1967, p. 127, figs. a-b & pl. 20, figs. a-b; HAY et a!., pl. 3, figs. 16 & 18. · 1967, p!. 10-11, fig. 3; Mcll'\TYRE & BE, 1967, p. 569, pl. 7, figs. A-C; KAMPTNER,. · ·Description :-Placolith, circular in 1967, p. 129, pl. 3, fig. 21; GARTNER, 1967, plane view with closely appressed ring­ pp. 1-4, pl. 1, figs. 1-4 & pl. 2, figs. 1-4 ~ like shields. The distal shield narrower, NISHIDA, 1969, pp. 89-90,. pl. 1, figs. 4-5. the proximal wider and larger, with a wide central pore bearing no fine struc­ Description :-Placolith, circular in ture. The distal shield is narrow, con­ plane view with shield convex distally, cave conically iri the inner half and concave proximally. Segments petaloid composed of about thirty, nearly equal with dextral imbrication in the distal segments which radiate at right-angle shield at the view from the proximal 571. Nannoplanktons from the Equatorial Pacific R61 side. The suture line on the distal margin is serrate. surface of the shield is radial for about The diameter of the shiel~ is about one-half the distance from the central 3.4 p. column and then curves sinistrally. In The present specimen differs from the column each segment intergrows to Pyrocyclus in the shape of the shield, make a crateriform pit closed at the and from Cyclolithus in the width of the base in the present sp~cimen. The proxi­ .central por~. mal surface of the shield shows straight Hypotype: Pl. 39, fig. 5. (KH67-5-St. suture line. Directions of the imbrication 21-107). are variable and show sinistral, dextral and zigzag straight types. The diameter of the distal shield ranges Genus Cycloplacolithus KAMPTNER, 1963 p p. from 7.8 to 10.4 The diameter of the Cycloplacolithus laevigatus proximal shield ranges from 4.1 p to 7.7 p. Hypotype: Pl. 39, figs. 1-3. (1; KH67- KAMPTNER, 1963 5-St. 21-8, 2; KH67-5-St. 21-230, 3; KH Pl. 41, fig. 5 67-5-St. 21-271). Cycloplacolithus laevigatus KA:viPTNER, 1963, p. 168, pl. 9, figs. 47-49. ? Cyclococcolithus sp. Description :-Placolith, circular in PI. 39, fig. 13 plane view with closely appressed shields, Description :-Placolith, undecagonal in slightly convex distally and the central plane view with shield convex distally. pore closed. The distal shield small, the Segments triangular with straight dex­ proximal shield large. Each shield com­ tr;:tl imbrication. The suture line on the posed of the same number of petaroidal distal surface of the shield is radial. segments. The segments of the distal The diameter of the shield is 7.4 p. shield imbricate dextrally and its inner Hypotype: Pl. 39, fig. 13. (KH67-5-St. end makes up the lid of the central pore. 21-231). The segments of the proximal shield radiate a,t right angle. The diameter of the distal shield is Genus Cyclolithella LOEBLICH about 4.4 p. The diameter of the proxi­ & TAPPAN, 1963 mal shield is about 6.2 p. cf. Cyclolithella sp. Hypotype: Pl. 41, fig. 5. (KH67-5-St. 21-33). Pl. 39, fig. 5

Description :-Cyclolith, circular in Genus Discolithina LOEBLICH plane view having a single shield. The & TAPPAN, 1963 shield composed of about fifteen wedge­ shaped segments having a sinistral im­ Discolithina antillaria· (COHEN) brication in the outer circle and becoming straight with approach to the fentral Pl. 40, figs. 9-11 pore. The inner end of the each segment Discolithus antillarum CoHEN, 19€4, p. 236, becomes slender, overlaps and confuses. pl. 1, fig. 3 & pl. 2, fig. 2; MciNTYRE et The central area is perforated and the al., 1967, pp. 7-8, figs. C-D. 362 Shiro NISHIDA

Description :-Discolith, circular in PI. 39, fig. 12 plane view with asymmetrical construc­ Discolithus pirenus KAMPTNER, 1\167, pp. 134 tion of the shields. The larger distal & 171, pl. 5, fig. 33. and the· smaller proximal shields con­ nected by a column. Segments of both Description :-Discolith, elliptical in shields are wedge-shaped without imbri­ plane view with double narrow rims and cation. The sutures of the distal shield wide central area. In the central area are straight but sinuous in the proximal minute calcite crystals show a screw­ shield. The number of segments is form around a small central pore. counted about fifteen in both shields. The longitudinal diameter of the hy­ The diameter of the distal shield potype is 5.0 p. and the width is 3.5 p.. ranges from 3.5 p. to 6.3 p.. The diame­ The width of the rim is 0.5 p. and the ter of the proximal shield ranges from width of the central pore is 1.0 p.. 1.7 p. to 4.1 p.. Hypotype: Pl. 39, fig. 12. (KH67-5-St. Hypotype: Pl. 40, figs. 9-11. (9; KH67- 21-290). 5-St. 21-255, 10; KH67-5-St. 21-248, 11; KH-67-5-St. 21-171). Discolithina sp.

PI. 40, fig. 12 Discolithina distincta (BRAMLETTE & SULLIVAN) Description :-Discolith, elliptical in plan·e view with narrow thick rim and PI. 40, fig. 13 perforated wide central area. Both the rim and the central area are composed Discolithus distinctus BRAMLETTE & SULLI­ of minute calcite crystals which wind VAN, 1961, p. 141, pl. 2, figs. 8-9; SULLI­ VAN, 1964, p. 182, pl. 4, fig. 4; SULLIVAN, sinistrally along the longitudinal central 1965, p. 33, pl. 4, figs. 1-6. suture. In the central area irregularly arranged small pores and a fine longi­ Description :-Discolith, elliptical in tudinal central suture are characteristic. plane view with narrow, thick rim and About fifty pores are counted and its perforated wide central area. The outer diameters are about 0.4 p.. part of the rim finely serrated, wind The longitudinal diameter of the hy­ sinistrally and the inner part of the rim potype is approximately 10 p. and the composed of many minute rectangular width is 6 p.. segments which radiate at right-angle to Hypotype: Pl. 40, fig. 12. (KH67-5-St. the rim. The central or the basal plate 21-169). irregularly perforated by the conspicuous pores characterized by its arrangement Genus Ellipsoplacolithus and shape. KAMPTNER, 1963 The diameter of hypotype are 7.0 p. in length and 4.7 p. in width. The diame­ Ellipsoplacolithus productus ters of the basal part are 5.5 p. and 3.2 p.. KAMPTNER, 1963 Hypotype: Pl. 40, fig. 13. (KH67-5-St. 21-97). PI. 40, fig. 8

ElliPsoplacolithus productus KAMPTNER, 1963, Discolithina pirena (KAMPTNER) pp. 172-173, pl. 8, figs. 42 & 44. 571. Nannoplanktons from the Equatorial Pacific 363

Description :-Placolith, elliptical in each element interlocked. The elements plane view with shield convex distally, of the proximal shield show two types concave proximally. Segments petaloid in the present sample. One of the types with slightly sinistral imbrication in the is like those described above, having T­ proximal shield at the view from the shaped elements in the proximal shield proximal side. Each shield is composed (vid. Pl. 41, fig. 2) and another is having {)f twenty-six segments and have indent­ a solid shield of flatten elements (vid. ed end peripherally. Central longitudinal Pl. 41, figs. 1 & 3). Experimentally it is slit is conspicuous. proved by W AT ABE & WILBUR (1966) that The longitudinal diameter of the distal the former is of a warm water species shield is 2.7 p.. The longitudinal diame­ and the latter is of a cold water one. ter of the proximal shield is 2.4 p.. The diameter of the both shields ranges Hypotype: Pl. 40, fig. 8. (KH67-5-St. from 2.8 p. to 4.3 p.. 21-202). Hypotype: Pl. 41, figs. 1-3. (1; KH67- 5-21-114, 2; KH67-5-St. 21-205, 3; KH67- Genus Emiliania HAY & MOHLER, 1967 5-St. 21-259).

Emiliania huxleyi (LOHMANN) Genus Gephyrocapsa KAMPTNER, 1943 HAY & MOHLER, 1967

Pl. 41, figs. 1-3 Gephyrocapsa aperta KAMPTNER, 1963

Pontosphaera huxleyi LoHMANN, 1902, p. 130, Gephyrocapsa oceanica KAMPTNER ; BLACK & pl. 4, figs. 1-9 & pl. 6, fig. 69. BARNES, 1961, pl. 25, figs. 1-2; CoHEN, Coccolithus huxleyi (LOHMANN) KAMPTNER ; 1964, p. 240, pl. 3, fig. 3 & pl. 4, figs. 4-5; KAMPTNER, 1952, p. 234, fig. 10; BRAARUD MciNTYRE et a!., 1967, pl. 1, figs. A-B; et a!., 1952, pp. 129-131, text-fig. 3 & pl. COHEN & REINHARDT, 1968, pl. 20, fig. 10. 1, figs. a-f; BRAARUD .& NoRDLI, 1952, p. Gephyrocapsa aperta KAMPTNER, 1963, p. 173, 361, text-figs. a & b; DEFLANDRE & FERT, pl. 6, figs. 32 & 35. 1953, pi. 2, fig. 1; DEFLANDRE & FERT, 1954, p. 37, pl. 1 & pl. 2, figs. 1-10; HAsLE, ·Description :-Placolith, elliptical in 1960, pl. 1, fig. 2 & pl. 2, fig. 2; BLACK plane view with closely appressed shields & BARNES, 1961, p. 141, pl. 20 & pl. 21, convex distally, concave proximally and figs. 1-6; BLACK, 1965, p. 134, fig. 24; a conspicuous imperfect bridge of two CoHEN, 1965b, pp. 11-12, pis. 8-10, pl. 11, thick calcite elements arching across the figs. c-e & pl. 12, figs. a-b; KAMPTNER, central pore. The central pore is not 1967, p. 125, pl. 3, fig. 17; MciNTYRE & covered except for such a bridge. The BE, 1967, pp. 568-569, pl. 5, fig. D, pl. 6, segments of the proximal shield imbri­ figs. A-B & pl. 12, fig. B. cate sinistrally and dextrally in the Emiliania huxleyi (LoHMANN) HAY &MoHLER, 1967, p. 447, pl. 10-11, figs. 1-2. distal shield. The edge of the segments at the margin is pointed. Description :-Placolith, oval in plane Normally it is difficult to distinguish view with shields equal in size, convex Gephyrocapsa aperta from G. oceanica distally and concave proximally. The which the central structure broken off. large elliptical central pore is normally But electronmicroscopically G. oceanica covered by a plate. The T-shaped ele­ has some trace of the structure on the ments form the distal shield or occas­ inner side of the central pore. ionally both shields. The end of the The length of this specimen about 4 p.. 364 Shiro NISHIDA

Width about 3 fl· 1961, p. 139, pl. 22, fig. 1 & pl. 23, figs. Hypotype: (KH67-5-St. 21-40). 1-2; KAMPTNER, 1963, p. 173, pl. 3, figs. 19 & 21; Cor·IEN, 1964, p. 238, pl. 4, fig. 1; Cor·IEN, 1965a, p. 340, pl. 2, fig. A; CoriEN, Gephyrocapsa oceanica KAMPTNER, 1943 1965b, p. 21, pl. 17, figs. a-d; MciNTYRE & BE, 1967, p. 571, pl. 11, fig. A; MciNTYRE Pl. 40, figs. 1-3 et a!., 1967, pp. 12-13, pl. 6, figs. A-B;

Gephyrocapsa oceanica KAMPTNER; DEFLAN­ COHEN & REINHARDT, 1968, p. 298, pl. 20, DRE & FERT, 1954, p. 154, pl. 3, fig. 6; figs. 5 & 8. KA~IPTl'ER, 1956, p. 179, pl. 16, figs. 4-5; Helicopontosphaera kamptneri HAY & MoHLER, BLACK, 1963, p. 43, pl. 1, fig. 4; COHEN, 1967, p. 448, pl. 10-11, fig. 5. 1964, p. 240, pl. 4, fig. 3; MciNTYRE & Description:-The center of the proxi­ BE, 1967, p. 570, pl. 9, figs. A-B; HAY et a!., 1967, p!s. 12-13, figs. 5-6. mal surface is covered by a large flat elliptical shield, consisting of elongate Description :-Placolith, elliptical in plates disposed approximately at right­ plane vievv \Vith closely appressed shields angle to the periphery of the Ehield. convex distally, concave proximally and For this arrangement of the plates, they a conspicuous bridge of two calcite ele­ meet at a focal point of the shield and ments arching obliquely across the cen­ make two wedge-shaped pores. Sur­ tral pore on the distal side. The central rounding of the central shield is a flange pore is covered on the proximal side -by of narrow radiating plates. They wind a delicate plate of inter-connected rods round the shield dextrally viewing from radiating from the central line. The the proximal shield, and form a wing­ segments of the shields slightly imbri­ like expansion. Proximal shield is formed cate, sinistral in the proximal and dex­ by the tangentially arranged crystals tral in the distal shield. The sutures concealing the structure seen on the are nearly at right-angle to the connect­ distal surface except the wing. ing tube. The length of the hypotype ranges. The length of the hypotype ranges from 6.3 f1 to 10.0 fl· The width ranges from 3.9 f1 to 4.2 fl· The width of them from 4.4 f1 to 7.8 fl· ranges from 3.3 f1 to 4.0 fl· Hypotype: Pl.40, figs.14-15. (14; KH Hypotype: PI. 40, figs. 1-3. (1; KH67- 67-5-St. 21-252, 15; KH67-5-St. 21-21). 5-St. 21-222, 2; KH67-5-St. 21-242, 3; KH67-5-St. 21-26). Genus Syracosphaera LOHMANN, 1902

Syracosphaera pulchra LOHMANN, 1902 Genus Helicopontosphaera HAY & MOHLER, 1967 Pl. 40, figs. 4-5 ·

Helicoj'Jontosphaera kamptneri Syracosphaera sp., Cor·IEN, 1965b, p. 20, pl. 25, fig. f; CormN & REINHARDT, 1968, pp. HAY & MOHLER, 1967 291-292, pl. 20, fig. 1. Pl. 40, ft;ss. 14-15 Syracosphaera pulchra LoiiMA::-;:'-1, 1802, pp. 133-134, pl. 4, figs. 33 & 36-37; DEFLANDRE Cocco!ithus carteri (WALLICH) KAMPTNER, & FERT, 1954, pl. 5, figs. 1 & 4-5; HALLDAL 1941, p. 93, pl. 8, figs. 134-136. & MARKALI, 1955, p. 12, pl. 11, figs. 1 & Helicosphaera carteri (WALLICH) KAMPTNER, 4; BLACK & BARNES, 1961, p. 139, pl. 19, 1954, p. 22, figs. 17-19; BLACK & BARNES, figs. 1-2; CoHEN, 1 965b, p. 20, pl. 12, fig. 571. Nannoplanktons from the Equatorial Pacific 365

d & pl. 1.4, figs. a-b; CoHEN & REINHARDT, Hypotype: PI. 41, fig. 7. (KH67-5-St . . 1968, p. 292, pl. 20, fig. 3. 21-32). Description :-Discolith, nearly ellipti­ cal, somewhat oblong in outer shape, Genus Umbilicosphaera LOHMANN, 1902 and have narrow, thick double rings. U mbilicosphaera m irabilis The central area occupied three-fourth LOHMANN, 1902 of its diameter is large, having radial ribs. The radial ribs are seen to be Pl. 39, figs. 8-11 arranged in bundles or sheaves, over­ lapping to some extent at the center. Cyclococcol£thus mirabilis (LOIIliiAN0:) KAMPT­ The distal ring consists of short crystals NER, 1954, p. 24, text-figs. 21-23; COHEN, 1964, p. 237, pl. 1, fig. 4 & pl. 2, fig. 3. directed to the center of the area and Umbilicosphaera mirab£/is LoHMANN, 1902, p. being concave cylindrically. 139, pl. 5, fig. 66; DEFLA"iDRE, 1952, fig. The length and the width of the hy­ 354; BLACK & BARNES, 1961, p. 140, pl. potype are both 3.1 fL 25, figs. 4-5; BLACK, 1963, p. 44, pl. 1, Hypotype: Pl. 40, figs. 4-5. (4; KH67- ftg. 3; MciNTYRE et al., 1967, p. 13, pl. 5-St. 21-167, 5; KH67-5-St. 21-223). 2, figs. C-D; MciNTYRE & BE, 1967, pp. 571-572, pl. 12, fig. A; CoHEN & REIN­ Genus Tioarolithus KAMPTNER, 1958 HARDT, 1968, p. 294, pl. 19, figs. 8 & 12, & pl. 21, fig. 2. Tiarolithus sp. A Description :-Piacolith, circular in out­ Pl. 39, fig. 4 line and perfectly fiat proximal shield joined to an arched distal shield of equal Description :-Circular shield with cen­ size by a wide cylindrical tube. The tral pore in plane view. The shield proximal shield consists of a ring made composed of twenty-six segments which of about thirty crystals surrounding the imbricate sinistrally. Inner end of each wide circular central pore. Towards the segment curls up and makes ring-like periphery of the distal shield, the crys­ pile surrounding the central pore. This tals are further modified by expansion specimen supposed perhaps to be a sepa­ of the exposed face to form a series of rated shield of some placoliths. overlapping flanges. They terminate at The diameter of the shield is 3.2 f-l· the circular margin of the shield but Hypotype: Pl. 39, fig. 4. (KH67-5-St. don't overlap perfectly in many speci­ 21-211). mens. The distal shield consists of thin fiat segments, equal in number of the Tiarolithus sp. B crystal in the proximal shield. Central Pl. 41, fig. 7 pore is large, open and empty. In the present nannoplankton flora two Description :-Circular button-shaped types of Umbilicosphaera mirabilis are shield in plane view. The shield com­ distinguished. Namely one of the type is posed of thirteen short wedge-shaped shown in Plate 39, figures 8 and 9. An­ segments. The central pore is open and other type is shown in the same plate, four small knobs protrude oppositly from figures 10 and 11. They differ in the the segments. degree of development of the segment The diameter of the shield is 1.7 f-l· on the distal surface and the diameter 366 Shiro NISHIDA of the central pore. by a large central tube. The distal The diameter of the proximal shield shield composed of about thirty segments ranges from 4.5 f1 to 5.5 f-1· and the proximal shield of the same Hypotype: Pl. 39, figs. 8-11. (8; KH67- number of segments. The segments ar­ 5-St. 21-243, 9; KH67-5-St. 21-172, 10; ranged radially and the margin somewhat KH67-5-St. 21-81, 11; KH67-5-St. 21-181). serrate. Fine sinistral striae are observa­ ble on the proximal shield. The central Umbilicosphaera occidentalis COHEN connecting tube is made of smaller plates arranged with sinistral imbrication. & REINHARDT, 1968 The diameter of the distal shield ranges Pl. 39, fig. 14 from 5.6 f1 to 4.5 f-1· The diameter of the proximal shield ranges from 3.0 f1 to 3.7 f-1· Cyclococcolithus leptoporus var. inversus DE­ Hypotype: Pl. 39, fig. 14. (KH67-5-St. FLANDRE & FERT, 1954, p. 150, pi. 4, figs. 21-241). 4-7. Cyclococcolithus inversus DEFLANDRE; HAY et a!., 1966, pp. 389-390, pl. 7, fig. 2. Umbilicosphaera sp. Markalius inversus (DEFLANDRE) BRAMLETTE & MARTINI, 1964, p. 302, pl. 2, figs. 4-9 & Pl. 39, fig. 7 pl. 7' fig. 2. Description :-Placolith, circular in Umbilicosphaera occidental£s CoHEN & REIN­ HARDT, 1968, p. 295, pi. 21, fig. 6. plane view, with closely appressed shields convex distally. The distal shield small, Description :-Placolith, circular with the proximal shield large, and the cen­ closely appressed shields, and connected tral pore unconspicuous. The number of

Explanation of Plate 39

Electronmicrographs of Carbon replica. All figures presented are magnified to about 6000 times. Fig. 1. Cyclococcolithus teptoporus (MURRAY & BLACKMAN) KAMPTNER, 1954. Distal view. KH67 -5-St. 21-8. Fig. 2. Cyclococcolithus leptoporus (MURRAY & BLACKMAN) KAMPTNER, 1954. Proximal view. KH67-5-St. 21-230. Fig. 3. Cyclococcolithus leptoporus (MURRAY & BLACKMAN) KAMPTNER, 1954. Distal view. KH67-5-St. 21-271. . Fig. 4. Tiarolithus sp. A. KH67-5-St 21-211. Fig. 5. cf. Cyclolithella sp. KH67-5-St. 21-107. Fig. 6. Coccolithus aff. C. /ragilis LoHMANN, 1912. KH67-5-St. 21-43. Fig. 7. Umbilicosphaera sp. Distal view. KH67-5-St. 21-127. Fig. 8. Umbilicosphaera mirabilis LOHMANN, 1902. Distal view. KH67-5-St. 21-243. Fig. 9. Umbilicosphaera mirabilis LoHMANN, 1902. Distal view. KH67-5-St. 21-172. Fig. 10. Umbilicosphaera mirabilis LoHMANN, 1902. Distal view. KH67-5-St. 21-81. Fig. 11. Umbilicosphaera mirabilis LoHMANN, 1902. Distal view. KH67-5-St. 21-181. Fig. 12. Discolithina pirena (KAMPTNER). KH67-5-St. 21-290. Fig. 13. ? Cyclococcolithus sp. Distal view. KH67-5-St. 21-231. Fig. 14. Umbilicosphaera occidentalis CoHEN & REINHARDT, 1968. Proximal view. KH67-5- St. 21-241. NISHIDA: Nannoplanktons from the Equatorial Pacific Plate 39 571. Nannoplanktons from the Equatorial Pacific 367 the segments of the shield is equal in KAMPTNER, 1967, pp. 144-145, pl. 7, figs. both shields and counted twenty-five re­ 51 & 53 & pl. 8, fig. 55; HAY etal., 1967, spectively. The segments of the shields pis. 10-11, fig. 4; COHEN & REINHARDT • slightly imbricate, dextrally in the outer 1968, pp. 292-293, pl. 19, figs. 18 & 22, pL part and sinistrally in the inner part. 20, figs. 6-7 & pl. 21, fig. 4. The diameter of the hypotype is about Description:-The stem is formed by 3.8 p.. numerous minute elongate rhombic cal­ Hypotype: Pl. 39, fig. 7. (KH67-5-St. cite crystals in imbricated arrangement. 21-127). Dimension of the hypotype is about 7 p. Hypotype: Pl. 41, fig. 8. (KH67-5-St. Genus Ceratolithus KAMPTNER, 1950 21-234).

Ceratolithus cristus KAMPTNER, 1950 Genus Scapholithus DEFLANDRE, 1954 Pl. 41, fig. 6 Scapholithus fossilis DEFLANDRE, 1954 Ceratolithus cristus KAMPTNER; DEFLANDRE, 1952, p. 468, fig. 364E; KAMPTI'ER, 1954, Pl. 41, figs. 9-10 p. 45, figs. 44-45; CoHEN, 1965b, p. 36, pl. Scapholithus fossilis DEFLANDRE, 1954, p. 165. 3, figs. m-n; KAMPTNER, 1967, p. 123, pl. pl. 8, figs. 12 & 16-17; CoHEN, 1964, p. 1, figs. 6-9 & pl. 2, fig. 8; TAKAYAMA, 244, pl. 3, fig. 4 & pl. 4, fig. 3; CoHEN, 1967, p. 196, pl. 1, figs. 2-4. · 1965b, pp. 24-25, pl. 3, figs. j-1; CoHEN & Ceratolithus cf. C. cristus KAMPTNER; BRAM­ REINHARDT, 1968, p. 293, pl. 19, figs. 9 & LETTE & RIEDEL, 1954, p. 394, pl. 38, fig. 9. 13, & pl. 20, fig. 2. Description :-Horse-shoes shaped cal­ Description :-Scapholith shows the careous body with pointed end. The elongate parallelogram in outer shape, ends of this specimen are broken off and and becomes thicker and round towards. on the outer side the round serration the central area. Triangular or round protrude as a mane. knobs situated along the edge. Many Dimension of the specimen is approxi­ lamellae transversely connecting the both mately 6 p.. sides of edges. Hypotype: Pl. 41, fig. 6. (KH67-5-St. The length of the hypotype ranges. 21-224). from 7.3 p to 8.7 p. and the width ranges. from 1.5 p. to 1.6 p.. Genus Rhabdosphaera HAECKEL, 1894 Hypotype: Pl. 41, figs. 9, 10. (9; KH67- 5-St. 21-112, 10; KH67-5-St. 21-210). Rhabdosphaera claviger.MVRRAY & BLACKMAN, 1898 Genus Thoracosphaera KAMPTNER, 1927 Pl. 41, fig. 8 Thoracosphaera cf. T. albatrosiana Rhabdosphaera claviger MURRAY & BLACK­ KAMPTNER, 1967 MAN, 1898, pl. 16, fig. 13; DEFLANDRE & FERT, 1954, p. 156, pl. 5, figs. 14-15; Co­ Pl. 41, fig. 11 HEN, 1964, p. 240, pl. 5, figs. 2a-g & pl. 6, fig. 1; COHEN, 1965b, p. 22, pl. 3, figs. a-c, Thracosphaera albatrosiana KAMPTNER, 1967' pl. 22, figs. a-b & pl. 23, fig. e; COHEN, ' pp. 154-157, text-fig. 24, pl. 11, figs. 78-7g. 1965a, pl. 3; BLACK, 1965, p. 134, fig. 25; & pl. 12, fig. 80. 368 Shiro NISHIDA

Description :-Globe-like body with reg­ on the surface. ularly arranged pores on the surface. The diameter of the hypotype is about Diameter of the hypotype is about 12 f-1· 11.5 f-1· Hypotype: Pl. 41, fig. 11. (KH67-5-St. Hypotype: Pl. 41, fig. 12. (HK67-5-St. 21-165). 21-103).

Thoracosphaera cf. T. sexea References STRADNER, 1961 BLACK, M. & BARNES, B. (1961) : Coccoliths Pl. 41, fig. 13 and Di3coasters from the floor of the South Atlantic Ocean. jour. R. Aficr. Thoracosphaera sexea STRADNER, 1961, p. 84, Soc., 80, 137-147. text-fig. 71. -- (1963) : The fine structure of the min. era! parts of the Coccolithophoridae. Proc. Description :-Globe-like body with fine Linn. Soc. London, 114, 41-46, 1 pl. wrincle pattern on the surface. -- (1965) : Coccoliths. Endeavour, 24, 131- Dimension of the hypotype is about 137. 13 f-1· BRAARUD, T. & NoRDLI, E. (1952): Cocco­ Hypotype: Pl. 41, fig. 13. (KH67-5-St. liths of Coccolithus hux!eyi seen in an 21-191). electron microscope. Nature, 170, 361. --, GAADER, K.R., MARKALI, J. & NoRDLI, Thoracosphaera sp. E. (1952) : Coccolithophorids studied in the electron microscope. Observation on Pl. 41, fig. 12 Cocco!ithus huxleyi and Syracosphaera carteri. Nytt Mag. Bot., 1, 129-134, 1 pl. Description :-Outer shape globe-like BRAMLETTE, M.N. & RIEDEL, W.R. (1954): body with scattered pores irregularly Stratigraphic value of discoaster and some

Explanation of Plate 40

Electronmicrographs of Carbon replica. All figures presented are magnified to about 6000 times. Fig. 1. Gephyrocapsa oceanica KAMPTNER, 1943. Distal view. KH67-5-St. 21-222. Fig. 2. Gephyrocapsa oceanica KAMPTNER, 1943. Distal view. KH67-5-St. 21-242. Fig. 3. Gephyrocapsa oceanica KAMPTNER, 1.943. Proximal view. KH67-5-St. 21-26. Fig. 4. Syracosphaera pulchra LoiiMANi':, 1902. KH67-5-St. 21-167. Fig. 5. Syracosphaera pu!chra LoHMANN, 1902. KH67-5-St. 21-223. Fig. 6. Craspedolithus declivus KAMPTNER, 1963. Distal view. KH67-5-St. 21-227. Fig. 7. Craspedolithus declivus KAMPTNER, 1963. Distal view. KH67-5-St. 21-203. Fig. 8. Ellipsop!aco!ithus productus KAMPTNER, 1963. Proximal view. KH67-5-St. 21-202. Fig. 9. Discolithina antillaria (COHE!'). Proximal view. KH67-5-St. 21-255. Fig. 10. Discolithina antillaria (COHEN). Proximal view. KH67-5-St. 21-248. Fig. 11. Discolithina antillaria (Coi·IEN). Proximal view. KH67-5-St. 21-171. Fig. 12. Discolithina sp. KH67-5-St. 21-169. Fig. 13. Discolithina distincta (BRAMLETTE & SuLLIVAN). KH67-5-St. 21-97. Fig. 14. Helicopontosphaera kamptneri HAY & MoiiLER, 1967. Proximal view. KH67-5-St. 21- 252. Fig. 15. Helicopontosphaera lwmptneri HAY & MoHLER, 1967. Distal view. KH67-5-St. 21-21. NISHIDA : Nannoplanktons from the Equatorial Pacific Plate 40 571. Nannoplanktons from the Eq'uatorial Pacific 369

other microfossils related to recent cocco­ Phytoplankton from the equatorial Pacific. lithophores. jour. Paleontl., 28, 384-403, Deep-Sea Res., 6, 38-59. pis. 38-39. -- (1960) : Plankton coccolithophorids from -- (1961) : Pelagic Sediments. Oceanogra­ the equatorial Pacific. Nytt Mag. Bot., 8, phy, 345-366, Amer. Assoc. Advance. Sci. 77-88. Pub!., 67. HAY, W.W., MoHLER, H. & WADE, M.E. - & SuLLIVAN, F.R. (1961): Coccolitho­ (1966) : Calcareous nannofossils from phorids and related nannoplankton of the Nal'chik (north-west Caucasus). Eclogae early Tertiary in California. Micropale­ Geol. Helv., 59, 379-399, pis. 1-13. ontl., 7, 129-188, pis. 1-14. --, --, RoTH, P.H., ScHMIDT, R.R. & --& MARTINI, E. (1964) : The great change BouDEAUX, ].E. (1967) : Calcareous in calcareous nannoplankton fossils be­ nannoplankton zonation of the Cenozoic tween the Maestrichtian and Danian. ibid., of the Gulf Coast and Caribbean Antil­ 10, 291-322, pis. 1-7. lean Area and Transoceanic correlation. CoHEN, C.L.D. (1964) : Coccolithophorids from Trans. Gulf Coast Assoc. Geol. Soc., 17, two Caribbean deep-sea cores. ibid., 10, 428-459, 13 pis. 231-250, pis. 1-6. KAMPTNER, E. (1941) : Die Coccolithineen --(1965a) : Coccoliths and discoasters, some der Sii.dwestkii.se von Istrien. Nat. Hist. aspect of their geologic use. Geol. en Mus. Wien, Ann., 51, 54-149, pis. 1-15. M1jn., 55, 337-344. -- (1952) : Das mikroskopische Studium -- (1965b): Coccoliths and Discoasters from des Skelettes der Coccolithineen (Kalk­ Adriatic bottom sediments. Leidse Geol. flagellaten). Mikroskopie, 7, 232-244, & Meded., 35, 1-44, pis. 1-25. 375-386. -- & REINHARDT, P. (1968) : Coccolitho­ -- (1954): Untersuchungen ii.ber den Fein­ phorids from the Pleistocene Caribbean bau der Coccolithen. Arch. Protistk., 100, deep-sea core CP-28. N. ]b. Geol. Paliiont. 1-90. Abh., 131, 289-304, pis. 19-21. -- (1956) : Das Kalkskelette von Coccolithus DEFLANDRE, G. (1952) : Classe de Coccolitho­ Huxleyi (LoHMANN) KAMPTNER and Ge­ phorides. in: Grasse, P.P. (Ed.), Traite phyrocapsa oceanica KAMPTNER (Cocco­ de Zoologie, 1, 439-470. lithinea). ibid., 101, 171-202, pl. 16. -- & FERT, C. (1953) : Application du mi­ -- (1.963) : Coccolithineen-Skelettreste aus croscope electronique a !'etude des Coc­ Tiefsee ablagerungen des Pazifiscnen Oze­ colithophorides. Bull. Soc. Hist. Nat. ans. Nat. Hist. Mus. Wien, Ann., 66, 139- Toulouse, 88, 301-313, 4 pis. 204, 9 pis. --& -- (1954) : Observations sur les coc­ -- (1967): Kalkflagellaten-Skelettreste aus colithophorides actueles et fossiles en mi­ Tiefseeschlamm des Sii.datlantischen Oze­ croscope ordinaire et electronique. Ann. ans. ibid., 71, 117-198, pis. 1-24. Pal., 40, 117-176, pis. 1-15. LoEBLICH, A.R. ]R. & TAPPAN, H. (1963): GARTNER, S. ]R. (1967) : Nannofossil species Type fixation and validation of certain related to Cyclococcolithus leptoporus calcareous nannoplankton genera. Proc. (MURRAY & BLACKMAN). Kansas Univ. Bioi. Soc. Wash., 76, 191-196. Paleontl. Contr., pap. 28, 1-4, pis. 1-2. LoHMANN, H. (1902): Die Coccolithophoridae, HALLDAL, P. & MARKALI, ]. (1953) : Mor­ eine Monographie .der Coccolithen bilden­ phology and microstructure of coccoliths den Flagellten. Arch. Protistk., 1, 89- studied in electronmicroscope. Observa­ 165, pis. 4-6. tion on Anthosphaera robusta (LOHMANN) MARTINI, E. & BRAMLETTE, M.N. (1963) : KAMPTNER and Calyptrosphaera papilli­ Calcareous nannoplankton from the ex­ fera HALLDAL. Nytt Mag. Bot., 2, 117- perimental Mohole drilling. jour. Pale­ 119, 2 pis. anti., 37, 845-856, pis. 102-105. HASLE, C.R. (1959) : A quantitative study of MciNTYRE, A. & BE, A.W.H. (1967) : Mod- 370 Shiro NISHIDA

ern Coccolithophoridae of the Altantic noplankton from the California Coast Ocean-!. Placoliths and Cyrotoliths. Range. I. Paleocene. California Univ. Deep-Sea Res., 14, 561-597, pis. 1-12. Geol. Sci. Publ., 44, 163-228, pis. 1-12. --, --& PREIKTAS, R. (1967): Coccoliths -- (1965) : Lower Tertiary nannoplankton and the Pliocene-Pleistocene boundary. from the California Coast Range. II. Eo­ Progress in Oceanography, 4, 3-24. cene. ibid., 53, 1-75, pis. 1-11. -- & LOUISE, H. (1969) : Biogeography of TAKAYAMA, T. (1967): First report on nan­ modern Pacific Coccolithophoridae. jour. noplankton of the upper Tertiary and Paleontl., 43, 893. Quaternary of the southern Kwanto Re­ MuRRAY, G. & BLACKMAN, V.H. (1898): On gion, Japan. ]b. Geol. B.A., 110, 169-198, the nature of the Coccosphaera and Rhab­ 10 pis. dosphaera. Philos. Trans. Roy. Soc. Lon­ -- (1969): Discoasters from the Lamont don, 190-B, 427-441, pis. 15-16. Core U21-98 (Preliminary Reports of the NISHIDA, S. (1969): Nannofossils from Japan Philippine Sea Cores, Part 2). Bull. Nat. II. Coccolithophorids from the core sam­ Sci. Mus. Tokyo, 12, 2, 431-450. ple of Suruga Bay, Japan. Bull. Nara WATABE, N. & WILBUR, K.M. (1966): Effects Univ. Educ., 18-2, 87-92, 1 pl. of temperature on growth, calcification STRADNER, H. (1961): Vorkommen von Nan­ and coccolith form in Coccolithus huxleyi nofossilen im Mesozoikum und AltterWir. (Coccolithineae). Limnol. Oceanogr., 11, Erdoel Z., 77, 77-88. 567-575. SuLLIVAN, F.R. (1964): Lower Tertiary nan-

Explanation of Plate 41

Electronmicrographs of Carbon replica. All figures presented are magnified to about 6000 times. Fig. 1. Emiliania huxleyi (LoHMAKN) HAY & MoHLER, 1967. Distal view. Cold water type. KH67 -5-St. 21-114. Fig. 2. Emiliania huxleyi (LoHMAN) HAY & MoHLER, 1967. Proximal view. Warm water type. KH67-5-St. 21-205. Fig. 3. Emiliania huxleyi(Loi-IMANN) HAY & MoHLER, 1967. Distal view. Cold water type. KH67-5-St. 21-259. Fig. 4. Coccolithus doronicoides BLACK & BARNES, 1961. Proximal view. KH67-5-St. 21-76. Fig. 5. Cycloplacolithus laevigatus KAMPTNER, 1963. Distal view. KH67-5-St. 21-33. Fig. 6. Ceratolithus cristus KAMPTNER, 1950. KH67-5-St. 21-32. Fig. 7. Tiarolithus sp B. KH67-5-St. 21-32. Fig. 8. Rhabdosphaera claviger MuRRAY & BLACKMAN, 1898. KH67-5-St. 21-234. Fig. 9. Scapholithus fossilis DEFLANDRE, 1954. KH67-5-St. 21-112. Fig. 10. Scapholithus fossilis DEFLANDRE, 1954. KH67-5-St. 21-210. Fig. 11. Thoracosphaera cf. T. albatrosiana KAMPTNER, 1967. KH67-5-St. 21-165. Fig. 12. Thoracosphaera sp. KH67-5-St. 21-103. Fig. 13. Thoracosphaera cf. T. sexea STRADNER, 1961. KH67 -5-St. 21-191. NISHIDA : Nannoplanktons from the Equatorial Pacific Plate 41 Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., No. 80, pp. 371-389, pls. 42, 43, Dec. 20, 1970

572. ON THE OMICHIDANI FLORA (UPPER CRETACEOUS), INNER SIDE OF CENTRAL JAPAN*

HIDEKUNI MATSUO

Department of Geology, College of Liberal Arts, Kanazawa University

::kill1'\-li&1f;,vilflc."?v''L: 1951 i[:., 15JIIYil<1:iJII!lilli31$.*i::kill1'\-fC.;li)v''L, ml±l!lYl'![S~l:iHi ~~s~~m~~:fi~~-~hk. ~~M~~~•~ill·~~~~~~~~~?L~~m~ lFHc.!Zfi'lifd-MfiJUJs~*cl®:4hll~c:·J;0 U~'i5-~ht..: (1952"f.). c..~t..:'Cf, 'N*~- · iliJI±liiY ~~~w~•G•~~?L::km1t-~~u~~~%'L~<•~~m~hk~~. ~~~~1'\-~ ;f;)~r.f.m#Yi1<9WW1'\-~-M~~~~-~kM~t:fi~~~~'L*'i5'~0. ::kill1'\-ti1HV1Utf'i'&S:~fH®:~fCffitsHtl;f;~~ ~~~il;, t;f;~ U..:iGI!f*~C:·f'i Hemitrapa ii;EEifU MHc. ~v'. :JttfJi(\'ii'iiiJJJlX:;f;~~ ~~ ~, lrk:*!'fi/Iif. 150m 11L~, UU1'\-i.)U.ltE'~Jl~P,5fCfftE~ 0. c.. ~q~i'i&;f~C:·J;0 Pseudotsuga, Pinus ~~~I:H~0~il&~j·~?'Lv'0, t~ m; ?& ~j}

In 1951, Dr. S. MAEDA of the Chiba I. Introduction University collected some dicotyledon­ When I described the Asnwa flora of ous leaves together with some small the upper Cretaceous age in 1962, I con­ pieces of Nilssonia, which is a charac­ sidered that the Omichidani specimens teristic form-genus of the Mesophyta. represent a member of the Asuwa flora The presence of these elements was re­ (1962; p. 178 and p. 181). However, the ported by S. ENDO and M. AMANO in a Omichidani flora is now considered to preliminary note, that they are corres­ a younger member of the late Cretaceous ponding to a horizon of the Hakobuchi floras developed in the Central Japan, as flora of Hokkaid6 (1952; p. 317). referred to in 1964 (p. 58). Thus, the Omichidani flora has to be These Omichidani materials occurred referred to a horizon of the latest Cre­ in two localities, namely, 1) the Tani-t6ge, taceous age: as a matter of fact, the in the valley of Omichidani, Shiramine­ flora contains elements of the same an­ mura, Ishikawa Prefecture, and 2) Gosho­ tiquity in Europe, Siberia, Manchuria, gahara in the outskirts of the Katsuyama Indo-China, Sakhalin, North America and City, Fukui Prefecture. Green-land. In 1950, I collected a few needle leaves Before writing this report, I wish to of Pinus sp. and Pseudotsuga ? sp. in express my sincere. thanks to Drs. T_ Tani-t6ge locality, which I considered to KOBAYASHI and S. MAEDA, who provided represent the late Tertiary flora. me with the valuable materials occurred in the Omichidani locality; besides, my * Received June 8, 1970; read Jan. 25, 1969 thanks are due to Dr. I. HAY ASAKA for at T6ky6. his kindly criticism and reading the

371 372 Hidekuni MATSUO manuscripts of this paper.

II. A Geological Sketch of the Omichidani Area

The Omichidani bed with the Omichi­ dani flora is exposed along the border-line area between Ishikawa and Fukui Pre­ fectures, and is contained within the late Cretaceous acidic eruptives, the Omodani XPlant Fossil Lac. / Rhyolitic Rocks (syn. Nohi Rhyolite), that .?

plant fossils of the late Mesozoic at Ka­ riyasu in the Omichidani valley in 1951. He discovered a bed with non-marine shells in the Sugiyamadani (a branch stream of the Takinami-gawa), around Katsuyama City, in 1953. He described them as the early Cretaceous sediments containing brackish and fresh water mol­ luscs, such as Unio (Nippononaia) sp., Plicatounio sp., Nakamuranaia chingshan­ ens.is, Viviparus (Sinotaia ?) keishoensis, etc.: according to him they belong to the horizon same as the Naktong Series in

n-t-~suw-af'-.,-----;,.,::_LJ-_____ 36' Southern Korea, which corresponds to u;hi-da~~\aru the Akaiwa bed of the Tedori Group in the Inner Side of Central Japan. L-..:3km In the middle reaches of Takinami­ gawa, I, with the aid of some students, 137° have been able to collect shells of Corbi­ Fig. 1. Situational map of the Tani-toge area. cula, Osfl'ea and Viviparus spp. as well 572. On the Omichidani Flora (Upper Cretaceous) 373 as a plant Onychiopsis elongata. The The following is the list of the Omi­ layer bearing these fossils is contained chidani flora : within the Kuwajima bed of the lower Equisetaceae part in the Tedori Group. Equisetum sp. It may be concluded that the Omichi­ Osmundaceae dani bed was deposited during the late Osmunda sp. Cretaceous age, because it lies uncon­ Polypod iaceae formably on the Sugiyamadani and Ta­ Onoclea cfr. sensibilis LINJ\"EAEUS kinamigawa beds (~Akaiwa bed). Asplenium sp. ? Salviniaceae Salvinia sp. III. Composition of the Mesozoic Fern Omichidani Flora Cladophlebis sp. Nilssoniaceae In 1952, S. ENDO and M. AMANO iden­ Nilssonia asuwensis MATSUO tified the following species, which had N. densinerve (FONTAIN) BERRY N. cfr. serotina HEER been collected by S. MAEDA; namely, Ginkgoaceae Cladophlebis cfr. /rigida HEER Ginkgoites pseudoadiantoides (BROI'\Gl'\IAR~) HEER Sagenopteris sp. Pinaceae Osmunda sp. Pseudotsuga mesowilsoniana new species Nilssonia a and b sp. Pinus mesothunbergii new species ·Ginkgoites digitata (BRONGNIART) HEER Taxodiaceae Sequoia smithiana HEER Cunninghamia sp. ? S. heterophylla VELENOVSKY Glyptostrobus sp. Trapa (Trapella) sp. Sequoia sp. Carpolithes sp. Taiwania mesocryptomerioides new species Cupressaceae Dr. T. KOBAYASHI sent me MAEDA's Chamaecyparis sp. collection in Tani-t6ge locality, in 1962. Hydrocaryaceae Besides I was able to collect some mac­ Hemitrapa angulata (BROWN) rophytofossils in Tani-toge and Gosho­ new combined gahara localities during 1950-1967. Plantae insertae Sedis Phyllites sp. A. TheOmichidani flora, referred to above, Carpolithes sp. A. appears to contain 10 families, 16 genera (Cercidiphyllum like seed) and 18 species; among these, the genera C. sp. B. (seed) Equisetum, Osmunda, Asplenium, Salvinia, C. sp. C. Pseudotsuga, Cunninghamia, Glyptostro­ C. sp. D. (Palmocarpon like seed) bus, Sequoia and Chamaechyparis can not C. sp. E. be assigned specifically until more com­ C. sp. F. C. sp. G. plete material will have been studied. Some additional taxa, representing one kind of leaf and seven kinds of seeds, IV. Palaeoecology of the are placed under Incertae Sedis. Omichidani Flora Further, some fossil insects are now being studied by Dr. I. FUJIY AMA of the The 18 taxa of the Omichidani flora National Science Museum in Tokyo: the include a scouring-rush (Equisetum), five result is expected to be published shortly. ferns, three Mesozoic cycads (Nilssonia), e.:> -.:j Table l. Distributed and Abscission Habits of Living Equivalents in Asia. "'" Climate & Habit Abscission Fossil Species Modern Species Temp. I Subtrop. Trop. Habit 1 A_§_ R_ l! M !l _§_ R_ l! M !l _§_ R_ !!1M Equisetum sp. E. ramossimum Dec. ------** ** ** Osmunda sp. 0. cinnamomea Dec. ---~------_I_ Onoclea cf. sensibilis On. sensibilis Dec. * • ------Asplenium sp. ? Asplenium species Dec. * - - - * - - - - - * ------Salvinia sp. S. natans Dec. • • --- -.-* ------· - - Cladophlebis sp. Osmundaceae andjor Polypodiaceae Dec. X X X X X X ------Nilssonia asuwensis ~ R.. N. densinerve Pdmitive Cycas ? X X X X ....."" N. cfr. serafina ------~ Ginkgoites pseudoadiantoides Cfr. Ginkgo biloba Dec. X X ""· ------Pseudotsuga mesowilsoniana P. wilsoniana Egr. nd. ~ ------* ------* Pinus mesothunbergii P. thunbergii Egr. nd. * • ~ ------Cunninghamia sp. C. lanceolata or C. lwnishii Egr. nd. ~ ------* ------* Glyptostrobus sp. G. lineatus Dec. nd. ------* -- Sequoia sp. S. sempervirens Egr. nd. ------• ------Taiwania mesocryptomerioides T. cryptomerioides Egr. nd. ------• ---- -* Chamaecyparis sp. C. obtusa Egr. nd. ------* * ------Hemitrapa angulata Ancient Trapa species Dec. br. (ser) X X X ------I Total 2 1 7 6 0 2 2 4 4 1 2 2 4 2 3 --- A=Aquatic habit; S=Close by the Stream or Sea; P=Plain; H=Hill-side and M=Mountainous land (over altitude 1,000 m) ; Dec.= Deciduous leafed; Dec. nd. =Deciduous needle-leafed; Dec. br. (ser.) =Deciduous broad leafed (ser­ rated margin) ; Egr. =Evergreen leafed; Egr. nd. =Evergreen needle-leafed. x =Habit in species comparable to the living species. 572. On the Omichidani Flora (Upper Cretaceous) 375

plants, which are com­ seven conifers and one dicotyledon; eight monly understood as indicating warm to Insertae sedical matters excepted. tropical climates, makes it difficult for In table-1, I have summerized the dis­ us to explain the tropical conditions of tributional data of the living equivalents, the Omichidani flora. Thus, the Omichi­ and tried to suggest the general type of dani forest suggests that it has a range -climatic condition of the Omichidani flora. in the cool- to the warm-temperate con­ Two members of the flora, Salvinia sp. ditions, as seen in the modern Japanese and J-!emitrapa angulata have aquatic archipelago, by the reasons that there Jiving relatives which range through are two existing equivalent species of regions of temperate to tropical climates; the Conifers, Pinus thunbergii and Cha­ they will be discarded from the climatic maechyparis obtusa; and that there are discussion. two living ferns which live under cool Six fossil species have modern relatives temperate climatic condition, namely, which live in regions of temperate cli­ Osmunda cinnamomea and Onoclea sen­ mate, and five of them are restricted to sibilis. such regions; especially, conifer genera, Pinus and Chamaechyparis to-day range northward into snow line areas. V. Comparison of the Late Cretaceous Only one fossil species has a modern Plant bearing Beds in Japan with equivalent, Glyptostrobus lineatus (syn. C. the Omichidani Flora pensilis), which is exclusively tropical: its range, however, appears to have been There are some hitherto known floras a wider and more northerly range in the of the late Cretaceous age from Hok­ past, as was with the late Cretaceous kaido, Honshu, Kyfishfi in Japan corre­ ancestor. Further, the two subtropical sponding to the Omichidani. They are mountainous conifers, Cunninghamia !?o­ as follows: nishii and Taiwania cryptomerioides, are so restricted in distribution as to suggest ( 1) The Bakobuchi flora, at Hakobuchi that their habitats might have been rem­ (Gorge of the Middle Yubari-gawa) in Hokkaid6. nants of such altitudes as 300-1,000 m in ( 2) The Kuji flora, at Kadonosawa, out­ Taiwan, and Yunnan Provinces in China. skirts of Kuji City, Iwate Prefecture, Now as the climatic influence seems to Honshu. have prevailed in the temperate region, K .. fl { Kadonosawa phytozone it may well be considered that those Late UJI ora Uzume phytozone ·Cretaceous ancestors had been dispersed ( 3) The Oarai flora, in Oarai-machi out­ more widely and more northwardly. skirts of Mito City, Ibaraki Prefecture, A brief survey of the distribution of Honshu. the species represented in the Omichidani ( 4) The Izumi flora, at Kada-machi, Wa­ flora, thus, confirms a temperate climate. kayama City, Wakayama Prefecture, Honshu. However, the existence of the Mesozoic ( 5) The Mitsuse flora, at the prospecting­ primitive cycas Nilssonia is interpreted pit, Takashima colliery, outside of as indicating subtropical to tropical cli­ Nagasaki Harbour, Nagasaki Prefec­ mates, as is the Cycadales in Recent ture, Kyushu. -forests. ( 6) The Suritaki flora, at Sakugi-mura, Nevertheless, the absence of evergreen Hiroshima Prefecture, Honshu. 376 Hidekuni MATSUO

( 7) The Kamogata flora, at the Sugitani, In table 3 : the late Cretaceous floras outskirts of Kamogata-machi, Okayama bearing Nilssonia in Japan show that the Prefecture, Honshu. deltoid leafed N. serotina is commonly ( 8) The Ikuno flora, in the lkuno-machi, found, and N. asuwensis is a form in the Hyogo Prefecture, Honshu. late Cretaceous. But N. densinerve is. ( 9) The Asuwa flora, at Sarao, Ikeda-machi, found in the early Cretaceous in Japan Fukui Prefecture, Honshu. Suhara phytozone so that this Omichidani material may be Asuwa fl ora { Sarao phytozone regarded to be a relict element of the (10) The Naru flora, at Naru, outskirts of Mesophyta forest. Mino-Shirotori mach:, Gifu Prefecture, In table 4: Sequoia species show the· Honshu. characteristic elements of the late Cre­ taceous floras in Japan. A few other floras at the upper reaches Very important material of the genus. of the Kuzuryil-gawa, Fukui Prefecture Araucaria (it is found in the Southern (Suhara, Urushidani, Ha'amidani, etc.). Hemisphere) occurs in the Hakobuchi Among above ten floras, the Oarai and and Kuji floras; but it makes its appear­ the Suritaki floras may be considered to ranee in the Cretaceous forests of Europe, represent the Palaeogene, by reason that abundantly. the occurrence of the genus Nilssonia of The genus Cunninghamia, which flour­ the Mesophyta is not recognized in these ished in the Northern Hemisphere in floras. Cretaceous age, is assumed to be a The last four floras, Kamogata, Ikuno, mountainous conifers element of the Asuwa and Naru, are characterized by tropical-subtropical climatic region. the tuffaceous sandstone layers which Then (in table 5) I have summarized look, at a glance, like quartz-porphyry the correlation of the late Cretaceous. and/or lipalitic rocks, which are assumed floras in Japan from the data of the to be closely allied lithologically to the tables 2, 3 and 4. Omodani rhyolitic rocks (syn. Nohi rhyo­ litic rocks) in the Inner Side of Central and Western Honshu. Then these floras VI. Systematic Description of the are considered as of the same horizon as Omichidani Flora the Omichidani flora. In the Hakobuchi, Kuji, Izumi and Mi­ Equisetaceae tsuse floras has been as yet not recog­ nized the existence of the Characteristic Equisetum sp. Omodani rhyolitic rocks, suggesting that Some fragments of jointed stems are­ these are of the later horizon than the clearly referable to the genus Equisetum. Omichidani. In Japan, this genus has been known In table 2 ; the early Cenophyta floras to belong to the form-genus Equisetites­ in Japan show a mixed cycad and from the Mesophyta. But I do not re­ coniferous forest, but such a forest is cognize any difference between the living· unknown in modern vegetable kingdom. genus and the Omichidani materials. If sought in the Far East, it is found Localities: Tani-toge and Goshoga­ at the mountainous land (300-1,000 m) hara. in Yunnan Province, S. China and Taiwan. 572. On the Omichidani Flora (Upper Cretaceous) 377

Table 2. Comparison of the early Cenophyta floras in Japan.

p:;: H Ul p:;: H ;J> Ul Flora t:C 0> ~ ~ z 0> c:: ~· I» I» ::: ~ ::: I» (/) I» ::: .... ~ E...... ::: I» .... s ::r ::: 0 (/) ;:;: 8 ::s :;: ::: ;:;· I» (/) -· e:. §. ::: I» 0 0 ... 0" (/) aq I» ::r I» ::: (1) ~ p. () I» 0: =- E~ly~ .... I» Cenophyta I» I» Family =- ::s ::!. ------Equisetaceae (Q) 0 0 0 0 ------Osmundaceae 0 0 0 0 0 ------Polypodiaceae 0 0 0 0 ? ------Cladophlebis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 ? 0 0 ------Salviniaceae 0 0 ------Nilssoniaceae (Q) 0 0 0 (Q) ? (Q) 0 0 ------Ginkgoaceae 0 0 0 0 ------Cycadaceae 0 0 (Q) 0 (Q) 0 0 0 0 ------Pinaceae 0 ------Taxodiaceae @) 0 0 0 0 (Q) EB 0 0 0 ------Cupressaceae @) o· ------Pal mae 0 ffi ------Liliaceae 0 ? ------Salicaceae 0 0 0 ------Juglandaceae 0 0 ------Betulaceae ? Fagaceae EB 0 0 =I= ? ? ------Moraceae 0 0 ------Nymphaeaceae 0 ------Lauraceae ? ------Platanaceae 0 0 0 0 ------Hydrocaryaceae 0 0 0 {!): Occurrence of more than two species. E9: Identification by other organs (ex. xylem, seed, cone, etc.). 378 Hidekuni MATSUO

Table 3. Comparison of the Nilssonia bearing fior as of the late Cretaceous in Japan.

I ...... Ul :r1 ~ :»;" ;:t> 0> c::: Floras P> en .... :»;" E. "' 8 ::r "' ::l "' 0 "' 0 P> en"' ~~' cr -· 8. 0 :<:"' cr .... cr -- P> P> Nilssonia 0 0.: 0.: "'cr P> P> species '~ ::> e. Nils sonia densinerve 0 ------N_ serafina 0 ? 0 0 N. asuwensis 0 0 N. orienta/is 0 0 0 0 0 --- N. species 1(5) 0 i 0

Table 4. Comparison of the Conifers bearing floras of the late Creaceous in Japan.

...... Ul ...... Ul ~ 0> :»;" ;:t> z 0> c:::: P> :::: P> i ::: .... E. .... "':::: OQ :::: :::: .., 3 cr ;::;_· ::> "' ;:;· P> en e:. §. 0 :<: :::: .... "' P> P> cr cr ::J 0.: P> 0.: P> P> ~:genus ~ ::> ::J Araucaria 0 0------~--- --P-se_u_d_o_ts_u_g_a----l------io ------1------'------Pinus 0 ------1------Taxodium 0 0 ------1------Cunninghamia 0 0 0 ------1------Giyptostrobus 0 0 ------1------Sequoia 0 0 0 0 0 0 ? 0 0 0 ------1------Taiwania 0 ------1------Metasequoia ? 0 ------1------Cryptoneria EB 0 ------1------Chamaecyparis EB 0 ------1------Libocedrus 01 ffi: Identification by Xylem Table 5. Correlation of the late Cretaceous floras in Japan (I-i. MATsuo, 1970).

Approximate Korea Correlation North Japan Central Western Sakhalin and Japan Japan Volcanic to the standard Flora Japan activity Scale Manchuria Flora Flora I """"< Palaeo-~p~~~o-Eocene --~ __J , I------,:___ ------~-K--6t_s_u_k_i_ ~ gene --·-- 1 ...... ! 0 Danian Oarai I ~ tfJ -'<: ,... uu ~ I Bukkokuji Hetonaian ·- 0 (1:> Maastrichtian I ·-'"0e·;:; I-< Hakobuchi :::> ro a, I N ;;:l >-< --~--~~--1 i <:> ~--- "'· ~ Izumi "'·R. Campanian Sungari @ Orokkian ~ I Kadonosawa "'· tfJ ------~~-1 ::l ~ 0 0:: Q) ro' a u ""l Santonian al Urakawan i;l 3 0 0. 0. c? ""l ;:J Coniacian i -- u~ Omichidani rn ::;-- 0 ¥ u-'<: o·u....,."0 ~ ,...(1:> ...... ·-.,j..) u0 -~-]--~ I t>l) '"0;>, .r:: (1:> Shiragi O.r:: u 0 I e'" .:: 0 ~ I Gyliakian Gyliakian

Cenomanian

C,o:l ~l ~ 380 Hidekuni MATSUO

Osmundaceae Asplenium species in Polypodiaceae, which is found in the cosmopolitan spe­ Osmunda sp. cies in the World. But I consider that Pl. 42, fig. 1 the Goshogahara material is more similar to the Asplenium than the other genera In this incomplete pinnule is seen a in Polypodiaceae. once forking venation of the lateral veins Locality: Goshogahara. as in the living Osmundaceae and Poly­ Reg. No.=DGLAKZ-14974and 11511a-a'. podiaceae. Among those genera, the Tani-toge specimen may be compared Salviniaceae with the Osmunda cinnamomea LINNAEUS, which characterizes the temperate-zone Salvinia sp. of the Northern Hemisphere. Although this material is very poorly The fern recorded as Osmunda sp. from preserved, it shows a striate and punctate the Tani-toge locality by S. ENDO and pinnule as the characteristic features of M. AMANO was collected by S. MAEDA the aquatic fern Salvinia. in 19;)1: I consider that MAEDA's material The upper Cretaceous species Salvinia seems to be comparable with this species. mitsusense yielded from Takashima ccal­ Locality: Tani-toge. field in northwestern Kyushu (1967: pp. Reg. No.=DGLAKZ-14966a. 52-53, pl. V, figs. 1-6) was described by me, which is so far the second oldest Polypodiaceae known from Eastern Asia. Onoclea cfr. sensibilis LINNAEUS Then the T?.ni-toge material is the oldest evidence of the late Cretaceous Pl. 42, fig. 5 occurrence in Japan, because it occurred in the horizon older than the Mitsuse At first, I could not assure this speci­ horizon of Takashima. men to be identical with the living Ono­ Locality: Tani-toge. clea sensibilis LINNAEUS, because it lacks Reg. No.=DGLAKZ-15963b. an apex and a base; however, its veins, more carefully examined, proved to be Mesophyta Fern identifiable with those of the present species commonly found in Japan. Cladophlebis sp. It may be equivalent to the Palaeocene 0. hesperia in North America, described Pl. 42, figs. 3 & 4 by R. BROWN (1962; p. 43, pl. VII, figs. This pinnule bearing single forked 1 and 4), which is represented by the lateral veins seems comparable with the characteristic sterial pinna. mesophyta fern Cladophlebis, which is Locality: Goshogahara. considered to belong to the Osmunda in Reg. No.= DG LAKZ-11205. Osmundaceae, Dryopteris in Polypodia­ ceae, etc. of the living species. Asplenium sp. ? This 6michidani material is more simi­ lar to the living Dryopteris than the Pl. 42, fig. 2 Osmunda. This Sphenopteris-like small fern seems Locality: Goshogahara. to belong to the living Dennstaedtia and Repository: Tokyo University. 572. On the Omichidani Flora (Upper CretaceoUS) 381

Nilssoniaceae Ryoseki Series species Nilssonia densi­ nerve, which was described by S. 6rsHI Nilssonia asuwensis MATSUO from the Ryoseki flora in 1940. Pl. 42, figs. 11 & 12 Each segment of those specimens has rectangular rounded and/or broadly api­ 1962. Nilssonia asuwensis MATsuo, Sci. Rep. cal form; the former shape resembles Kanazawa Univ., Vol. VIII, No. 1, p. the N. asuwensis and the latter is shown 213, pis. IV, fig. 8b; VI, 1a, 2 and 3 as the characteristic feature of the N. (Holotype); VII, 4; IX, 1-3; XV, 1b; serotina. XVI, 1c; XIX, 4a and Text-fig. 9e. These materials lack the apex and This incomplete specimen which has base, but I consider that these may be cut-shaped segments, was collected by compared with the lower Cretaceous spe­ S. MAEDA in 1951 at Tani-toge locality. cies N. densinerve from the Outer Side As to the Nilssonia asuwensis which of Central Japan. occurred in Sarao and Shizuhara locali­ Locality : Goshogahara. ties of the Asuwa area in the Inner Side Reg. No.=DGLAKZ-12510a and 12534. of Central Japan, in 1962: I described this as a new species. Nilssonia serotina HEER S. MIURA of the Fukui University col­ lected a few more pieces of this species Pl. 42, fig. 8 from the Suhara locality in 1964 (upper 1925. Nilssonia serotina HEER; END6, Sci. reaches of the Kumogawa, a branch Rep. T6hoku Imp. Univ., 2nd Ser. Vol. stream of the Kuzuryu-gawa, Fukui Pre­ VII, p. 8, pl. VI, figs. 1, 3, 6, 7, 10. fecture), which is known to have been 1962. N. serotina HEER ; MATsuo, Sci. Rep. occupied by the upper Cretaceous Suhara Kanazawa Univ., Vol. VIII, No. 1, p. bed in the Omodani Rhyolitic Rocks. 211, pls. VI, figs. 4, 5a; VII, 2a; IX, Thus, this occurrence proves the exist­ 6a, Text-fig. 9d. ence of the upper Cretaceous in the Inner This small specimen of an apically Side of Central Japan. rounded segment was collected by S. This material lacks apex, base and half MAEDA in 1951: this was yielded together lateral part, but I consider that it does with the above mentioned N. asuwensis. belong to the Asuwa species N. asuwensis, It very closely resembles the Asuwa because it has a rectangular cut-shaped species N. serotina, and I consider that segments. it is a dwarf form of the N. serotina of Locality: Tani-toge. the Asuwa flora. Repository: Tokyo University. Locality: Tani-toge. Repository: Tokyo University. Nilssonia densinerve (FONT AIN) BERRY Ginkgoaceae Pl. 42, figs. 6 & 7 Ginkgoites pseudoadiantoides 1940. Nilssonia densinerve (FoNTAIN) BERRY, (HOLLICK) FLORIN OISHI, Sci. Rep. Hokkaido Univ., Ser. IV, pp. 300-301, pl. XXIV, figs. 2-4. Pl. 42, figs. 9, 10 & 15

These specimens closely resemble the 1962. Ginkgoites pseudoadiantoides (HoLLICK) 382 Hidekuni JlL4 TSUO

FLORIN; MATsuo, Sci. Rep. Kanazawa scars; staminate cone ovoid, 5 mm long Univ., Vol. VIII, No. l, p. 222, pis. IX, and 3 mm wide. fig. 6b; X, 3 and 4; XII, 2b and 3; XIV, Discussion:-This Tani-toge materi.al 5b; XXIV, la and 2; Text-fig. lOb. shows a female cone with a small stami­ MAEDA's collection was reported by S. nate cone, and it is recognized the short ENDO and M. AMANO as Ginkgoites digi­ gynopore. The distinctive character that tata which is the common species of the the staminate cone occurs in the gyno­ Mesophyta in the Northern Hemisphere; pore is shown as the characteristic fea­ however, this Omichidani species seems ture of the Pinaceae. Among the Pina­ to be comparable with a dwarf shaped cean genera, the living Pseudotsuga wil­ leaf of the G. pseudoadiantoides. soniana is the most resembling to the The leaf impression recorded as Ginkgo Tani-toge material. adiantoides !UNGER) HEER from the late Locality: Tani-toge. Cretaceous age of the Kolyma area in Holotype= DG LAKZ-14858a. Siberia (BAIKOVSKAJA, T.N.; 1956, XIII, fig. 7) may also represent Ginkgoites Pinus mesothunbergii new species pseudoadiantoides. Localities: Tani-toge and Goshoga­ Pl. 42, fig. 13 hara. Reg. Nos.=DGLAKZ-12515, 11534 and This Tani-toge material is only one at 11505. hand, which was collected by me in 1950. Repository: Tokyo University. Description:-Winged seed is 25 mm long, lacks lateral part, asymmetrically oblanceolate in complete shape; actual Pinaceae seed obovate and top a spit, 8 mm long Pseudotsuga mesowilsoniana and 5 mm wide; wing 18 mm long; twice as long as seed, widest 1/3 of part bihind new species posterior, costal veins attached to the Pl. 42, fig. 17 seed at parallel and anal vein some ob­ liquely parallel. collected needle leaves of the Pseudo­ tsuga ? sp. at Tani-toge in 1950, these specimens have been lost, however: it is evident that the shape of the leaf of the Pseudotsuga differs from the other Pina­ cean leaves. So, I consider that this female cone very closely resembles the living Pseudotsuga wilsoniana HAY ATA, which found in the mountainous terrains of the western Yunnan, Mekong Basin and Taiwan. Description :-Female cone ovoid, cylin­ drical, with short gynopore, composed of 20± rounded scales, thick, woody and 22 mm long 15 mm wide; cone scale Fig. 3. Pinus mesothunbergiir overlapped ; seed unknown, two seed new species (seed). 572. On the Omichidani Flora (Upper Cretaceous) 383

Discussion:-This material has a re­ off by chance, when the Geological De­ lationship with the seeds of Pinus thun­ partment was removing to the new bergii PARL (Kuro-matsu in Japanese), building, in 1964. which is commonly found in the sea-coast The twigs with these decurrent, linear, of Japanese Islands (except the Northern lanceolate and accuminated leaves re­ part of Hokkaid6). semble very closely the living species This upper Cretaceous specimen is Cunninghamia lanceolate HOOKER (syn. larger than the living than the living C. sinensis) and C. konishii HAY AT A. In species, but it seems to me to be iden­ the marginal parts of those leaves, tical with winged seed formed by the however, is not recognized the minute living Kuromatsu. Though it has a serration (this character and the two poorly preserved wing, it may be com­ stomatiferous bands in the lower side of pared with a wing seed of the Miocene leaves are very important characteristic species P. miocenica T ANAl (T ANAl, T., features of the leaf-form of the genus K. HUZIOKA and H. MATSUO: 1963; p. Cunninghamia); those are only poorly 231, pl. 43, fig. 8), which was described preserved in the muddy rocks. by me from the Noto Peninsula of Cen­ Nevertheless, I am strongly inclined to tral Japan, and which was yielded to­ consider that the Goshogahara materials gether with a cone and many staminate may belong to an upper Cretaceous aments. Cunninghamia, because of the characters Locality: Tani-t6ge. of shown by the twig, i. e. the leaves in Holotype=DGLAKZ-14856. 2 the ranks are spirally arranged and spreaded. Locality: Goshogahara. Taxodiaceae Reg. Nos.=DGLAKZ-11195 and 11210. Cunninghamia sp.

Pl. 42, fig. 19; Pl. 43, fig. 1 Glyptostrobus sp. Pl. 43, figs. 4, 6, 9 & 10 1962. cfr. Sequoia sternbergi (GoPPERT) HEER; MATSUO, Sci. Rep. Kanazawa These incomplete spirally arranged Univ., Vol. VIII, No.1., p. 224, pl. XIX, leaves resemble the living Glyptostrobus fig. 3. linealus (POIRI-IT) DRUCE (syn. C. pensilis: A magnificant twig was obtained by (STAUNTON) K. KocH), which is usually one of our students in 1956, at the Go­ found in damp grounds on the banks of shogahara locality. It was considered streams in Kwantung and Fukien Prov­ possibly be compared with Green-land inces, S. China. specimen Sequoia sternbergi HEER (1883; The Glyptostrobus lineatus has two Flora fossilis arctica, Bd. VII, pl. XCVI, kinds of leaves. According to HARRISON's figs. 5b and 10) : the likeness was deduced note (pp. 233-234) : "-Two kinds of on account of a cone-impression found leaves are produced, those on terminal in association with the Goshogahara barren branchlets 1/3-1/2 in. long, ar­ specimen. ranged in 3 ranks, and those on the After my description of this magnifi­ fruiting branchlets, and on mature per­ cant twig as Sequoia sternbergi, was sistent vegetative branchlets, over-lap­ prepared, the cone-impression was broken ping and scale-like, -" 384 Hidekuni MATSUO

The spirally arranged linear-leaves of sphere. the G. Lineatus closely resemble those of In Japan, it is found in the Asuwa the Taxodium distichum, but I recognized flora (Upper Cretaceous age), and it has that there is a very important difference been known as S. cfr. sempervirens (MA­ between these two genera; namely, the TSUO, H.; 1962, pp. 223-224). And the former has arrangement of 3 ranks and 6michidani materials more closely re­ the latter 2. The linear-leaves of the semble the living species than the Asuwa 6michidani materials (DGLAKZ-14892 specimens, but the cone is unknown in and 11196) seem to be identical with 3 the 6michidani material. ranks formed by the living G. Lineatus. Localities: Tani-t6ge and Goshoga­ And I took scale-like specimen hara. (DGLAKZ-10100) of the Tani-t6ge as Reg. Nos.=DGLAKZ-10097 and 115557. the lower Miocene species G. orientalis, which was described by S. ENDO in Taiwania mesocryptomerioides 1953 (p. 13, pl. IV, figs. 4-7) from South Korea; and the scale-like specimen from new species Tani-t6ge may be identified with the Pl. 43, figs. 2 & 3 middle Miocene species G. europeaus (BRONGNIART) HEER of the Notonakajima These materials with female cones flora in Central Japan (TANAI, T., K. were collected by me and some students HUZIOKA and H. MATSUO; 1963, p. 232, of our University at Goshogahara in pl. XLIII, fig. 2). 1962. Then these 6michidani materials can These specimens very closely resemble be compared with the genus Glyptostro­ the living species Taiwania cryptomeri­ bus provided that the cone will have oides HAYATA, which is a monotypic been known. genus with a single species, and confined Locality: Tani-t6ge. to the mountainous land in Taiwan, and Reg. Nos.=DGLAKZ-14892, 11196 and as well as Yunnan Province, S. China. 10100. Description:-Leaves dimorphic, scale­ like and short needled (Cryptomeria japo­ nica-like); acute apex and broad base; Sequoia sp. opposite, arranged with alternate pairs. Pl. 42, fig. 14, 16, 18 & 20b Cones small and obovate, similar to male strobili of Cryptomeria japonica or Se­ These incompletely spirally arranged quoiadendron giganteum (LINDLEY) BucH­ linear or lanceolate leaves are very HOLZ, persistent and terminal on twigs, closely similar to the living Sequoia 6-8 mm long and 4-5 mm across. sempervirens (D. DoN) ENDLICHER, which Discussion :-S. ENDO established the is a monotypic genus and is confined to new genus Eotaiwania from the Fushun the coastal region of California. coal-field in South Manchuria in 1942 (p. The oldest evidence of the Sequoia 37, pl. XV, fig. 9), as an ancestral genus was discovered by S. ENDO from the distinct from the living species Taiwania upper Jurassic formation in Sou,th Man­ cryMomerioides HAYATA; this Fushun churia (1936; pp. 172-175), and the Cre­ species shows a scar of adhesion between taceous Sequoia species has been known the seminiferous- and bract-scales, while very widerspread in the Northern Hemi- the living species has these scales loose- 572. On the Omichidani Flora (Upper Cretaceous) 385 ly and spirally arranged. Hemitrapa angulata (BROWN) When I described a new species Tai­ new combined wania eocenica from Takashima coal­ field in Kyushfi, Japan, it was my belief Pl. 42, fig. 20a; Pl. 43, figs. 22 & 23 that this Eocene species is more similar to Taiwania rather than to Eotaiwania 1960. Nymphaeites trapelloides MATsuo, Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., (1967a; p. 45, pl. II, figs. 2, 4 and 5). No. 40, pp. 329-336, pl. XXXVIII, figs. Moreover, the Goshogahara species has 1-5 and text-figs. a-d. a twig with a few cones on their termi­ 1962. Nymphaeites ? trape!loides MATSUO, nal ends; thus, I believe the upper Cre­ Sci. Rep. Kanazawa Univ., Vol. VIII, taceous species is more similar to T. no. 1, pp. 230-231, pl. XXIII, figs. 1-7. cryptomerioides than to other Palaeogene 1962. Trapa angulata (NEWBERRY) BROWN, species. U.S. Geol. Surv. Prof. Paper 375, pp. Locality: Goshogahara. 83-84, pl. LVIII, figs. 1-12. Holotype= DG LAKZ-12511a. Syntype= DG LAKZ-12520. In 1949, W. A. BELL emended this in­ certae-sedical genus into Nymphaeites, which had been described under the Cupressaceae names of Dicoty!ophyllum, MacC!intockia, Nymphaeites, Trapa ?, etc. (1949; pp. 16- Chamaecyparis sp. 25). A. KRYSHTOFOVICH used the generic This small cupressaceous twig closely name of Querxia for the Cretaceo-Palaeo­ resembles the living genera, Thuja ·and cene species Trapa ? microphylla (1960: Chamaecyparis. The former resembles KRYSHTOFOVICH, A. and T. N. BAIKOV· most closely the latter except the shapes SKAJA); but many palaeophytologists of cones and leaves. use the name Trapa ? microphylla or I consider that the Goshogahara ma­ Trapa microphylla (the first name estab­ terial (cones unknown) can be compared lished by L. LESQUEREUX). And most with the Cretaceous cupressaceous spe­ recently, R. W. BROWN noted on this cies; among them, especially, however, genus as follows (1962; pp. 83-84) : BERRY it shows a close resemblance to Thuja (1935, p. 61) and BELL (1949, p. 64) have cretacea (HEER) NEWBERRY from the up­ summerized the history and information per Cretaceous flora in Siberia (BAIKOV­ concerning this species, but BELL did SKAJA, T.N.; 1956, pl. XIII, fig. 2 and not refer to the report by BROWN and XX, fig. 7) and from the Viliuyian De­ HOULDSWORTH (1939) of the fruit-bearing pression (SVESHNIKOVA, l.N.: 1967, p. 198, specimens from the Ravenscrag forma­ pl. XI, figs. 9-11 and XII, 1-4). However, tion in southern Saskatchewan, Canada. I believe that it is more similar to the These fruits have been found in nearly living species Chamaecyparis obtusa all localities in association with the char­ ENDLICHER than the Cretaceous Thuja acteristic leaves. species. According to my own knowledge, how­ Locality : Goshogahara. ever, this small aquatic leaf does not Reg.Nos.=DGLAKZ-11476a and 11476b. belong either to the Pedaliacean aquatic plant (i.e. Trapella), the Hydrocaryaceae (i.e. Trapa) or to Nymphaeaceae (i.e. Hydrocaryaceae Nymphaeites). 386 Hidekuni MATSUO

Nevertheless, the fruits of the BROWN's Incertae Sedis figure (1962, pl. LVIII, figs. 7-12) very closely resembles those of the extinct Phyllites sp. A. genus Hemitrapa, which was established Pl. 43, fig. 19 by S. MIKI as a new genus, from the Plio-Pleistocene lignite layers in the This small craspedromous leaf impres­ Central HonshU, japan (1941; p. 289, pl. sion is similar to the herbaceous plant: VIID, fig. 19D). the marginal part shows an incisus The Palaeocene fruits of the Rocky shape, so that I take this to be com­ Mountains lacked the conspicuous "an­ parable with the genus Aster. tenna like horns" of the Hemitrapa tra­ Locality: Goshogahara. pelloidea MIKI, but I regarded the BROWN's Reg. No.=DGLAKZ-14901. figure (LVIII, fig. 12) as one incomplete antenna; and besides, I have found the Carpolithes sp. A. characteristic "water-caltrop head" of the living Trapa, and of the extinct Pl. 43, figs. 15 & 16 Hemitrapa among the BROWN's fruits This small oblong seed measures 6 mm (LVIII, figs 7-12). long and 2 mm wide, and shows nine These being the case, these American striate costae in the impression which Palaeocene Trapa angulata might very is a characteristic feature of the genus likely be identified with the Cretaceo­ Cercidiphyllum, Sorbus, etc. I consider Palaeocene Hemitrapa; I consider, thus, that it is similar to the seed of Sorbus that the Omichidani small floating leaves species. might belong to the Hemitrapa angulata. Locality: Tani-t6ge. Localities: Tani-toge and Goshoga­ Reg. No.=DGLAKZ-14880. hara. Holotype=DGLAKZ-10096.

Explanation of Plate 42

(All figures are natural size unless otherwise stated) Fig. 1. Osmunda sp. Fig. 2. Asplenium sp. ? Fig. 3. Cladophlebis sp. Fig. 4. Enlarged fig. 3. Fig. 5. Onoclea cfr. sensibilis LINNAEUS Fig. 6. Enlarged fig. 7. Fig. 7. Nilssonia densinerve (FoNTAIN) BERRY Fig. 8. Nilssonia serotina HEER Figs. 9, 10 and 15. Ginkgoites pseudoadiantoides (HoLLICK) FLORIN Figs. 11 and 12. Nilssonia asuwensis MATSUO Fig. 13. Pinus mesothunbergii new species Figs. 14, 16, 18 and 20b. Sequoia sp. Fig. 17. Pseudotsuga mesowilsoniana new species Fig. 19. Cunninghamia sp. Fig. 20a. Hemitrapa angulata (BROWN) new combined. MATSUO: On the Omichidani flora (Upper Cretaceous) Plate 42 ''::'.'' ~~:!~~fi~~ft!t

:,

.. _, __

_ .:,.... :·-.-:.: .-.. ·· ···.>

··-

--~-

';:... 572. On the Omichidani Flora (Upper Cretaceous) 387

Carpolithes sp. B. Carpolithes sp. F.

Pl. 43, fig. 5 Pl. 43, fig. 11

The shape of this material is similar This material is similar to an involucre to the fruits of Lauracean genera. But of the genus Ostrya. But it has not a it is iqentified with a nut whi~h may \3eed impression at .the· top part of the belong to the schizocarp-type. It meas­ petiole. It shows a fine lineolate costae ures 13 mm long and 8 mm across. in the impression (it belongs to a petal). Locality: Tani-t6ge. It measures 25 mm long and 12 mm wide. Repository: T6ky6 University. Locality: Tani-t6ge. Repository: T6ky6 University. Carpolithes sp. C. Carpolithes sp. G. Pl. 43, figs. 1~ & 14 Pl. 43, figs. 18b This smaU oblong seed has a ribbed costae in the impression, and it meas­ This incomplete small seed-like mate­ ures 4 mm long and 2.2 mm wide. It is rial is similar in shape to Vitacean type similar to the seed of the Nyssa species. of seed. Locality: Tani-t6ge. Locality: Tani-t6ge. Reg. No.=DGLAKZ-11503a. Reg. No.=DGLAKZ-14860.

References Carpolithes sp. D. BAIKOVSKAJA, T.N. (1956) : On the upper Pl. 43, figs. 20 & 21 Cretaceous Flora in the northern Asia These seeds bearing lineate costae in (in Russian). Palaeontobotanika, Vol. II, the impression are similar in shape to pp. 49-181, pis. I-XXXVII. BELL, W.A. (1949): Uppermost Cretaceous the Palmocarpon species. These meas­ and Paleocene Floras of Western Alberta. ure 23-25 mm long and 12.5 mm wide. Canada Dep. Mines, Geol. Surv., Bull. thus, these materials show smaller than No. 13, pp. 1-94, pis. I-LXVII. the late Cretaceous Palmocarpon ·species BROWN, R. (1962): PalQ.eocene Flora of the in size. Rocky Mountains and Great plains. Ceo!. Locality: Tani-t6ge. Surv. U.S.A. Prof. Paper, 375, pp. l-119, Repository: T6ky6 University. pis. I-LXIX. END6, S. (1-925) : Nilssonia-Bed of Hokkaido and its Flora. Sci. Rep. Tohoku Imp. Carpolithes sp. E. Univ., 2nd Ser., Vol. VII, pp. 57-72, pis . . XI7XVII. Pl. 43, fig. 17 -- (1936) : New fossil species of Sequoia This specimen is similar to the wing­ from Far East. Proc. Imp. Acad., Tokyo, Vol. XII, No. 6, pp. 172-175. seed; it more closely resembles in a -- (1942) : On the Fossil Flora from the shape, the ligulate petal. It measures Shulan Coal-Field,. Kirin Province and the 18 mm long and 6 mm wide. FushU:n Coal-Field, Fengtien Province. Locality: Tani-t6ge. Bull. ·cent. Nat. Museum, Manchoukuo, Repository: T6ky6 University. No. 3, pp. 33-43, pis. XVI-XVII. 388 Hidekuni MATSUO

-- (1953) : Notes on the Cainozoic Plants -- (1962) : A Study on the Asuwa Flora of East Asia (1, 2). Kumamoto jour. Sci., (late Cretaceous age) in the Hokuriku Ser. B, No. 2, pp. 13-17, pis. III-VI. District, Central Japan. Sci. Rep. Kana­ - et AMANo, M. (1952) : ;l;::ifl:~mi:HMY.Jit:P zawa Univ., Vol. VIII, No. 1, pp. 177- fC-::>v''"C (iJ&§'). ]ourn. Geol. Soc. japan, 250, pis. I-XXIV. Vol. LVIII, No. 682, p. 317. -- (1964) : On the late Cretaceous Flora HARRISON, S.G. (Revised) ; DALLIMORE, W. in Japan (in Japanese). Ann. Sci., Kana­ & JACKSON, A.B. (1966): A Handbook zawa Univ., Vol. 1, pp. 39-65. of Coniferae and Ginkgoaceae. pp. 1-729, -- (1967a) : Paleogene Floras of North­ pis. I-XLVI, Text-figs. 1-131. western KyG.shG., Part I: The Takashima KRYSHTOFOVICH, A. et BAIKOVSKAJA, T.N. Flora. Ann. Sci. Kanazawa Univ., Vol. (1960) : Mesozoic flora of Sakhalin (in 4, pp. 15-90, pis. I-XI. Russian). Acad. Nauk. U.S.S.R., pp. 1- -- (1967b): A Cretaceous Salvinia from 22, pis. I-XXI. the Hashima Is. (Gunkan-jima), Outside MAEDA, s. (1952): =F-l&fll'iUtfC ll)(.:r-J¥'!H([:fVJ(t of the Nagasaki Harbour, West KyG.shG., :fi bt'O'#~I~Ui(;'GO)~Ji!,c ..:CO)~* Cil&§'). Japan. Trans. Proc. Palaeont. Soc. ]ap. ]ourn. Geol. Soc. japan, Vol. LVIII, No. N.S., No. 66, pp. 49-55, pl. V. 682, pp. 316-317. MIKI, S. (1941) : On the change of flora in - (1953): :r~oJ:t:miff:ft:P~ffilllm 4 ~ C::kmtm~t Eastern Asia since Tertiary Period (I). ~;ft;j:~LIJiff:), ?ll\oJ:I:!-~~11"~~~- Pis. I-IV, The clay or lignite beds flora in Japan pp. 1-13. with special reference to the Pinus trifolia MATsuo, H. (1960): On the New Nymphae­ beds in Central Hondo. ]ap. jour. Bot., acean plant from the Omichidani Bed Vol. XI, pp. 237-303, pis. IV-VII, with 21 (Cretaceous System), Ishikawa Prefec­ text-fig. ture, Central Japan. Trans. Proc. Palae­ -- (1952): Trapa of Japan with Special ont. Soc. ]ap. N.S., No. 40, pp. 329-336, Reference to its Remains. jour. Inst. pl. 38. Polytech, Osaka City Univ., Vol. 3, Ser.

Explanation of Plate 43

(All figures are natural size unless otherwise stated) Fig. 1. Cunninghamia sp. Figs. 2 and 3. Taiwania mesocryptomerioides new species Figs. 4, 6, 9 and 10. Glyptostrobus sp. Fig. 5. Carpolithes sp. B. Figs. 7 and 8. Incertae sedical matter (aquatic plant) Fig. 11. Carpolithes sp. F. Fig. 12. Incertae sedical matter. Fig. 13. Enlarged fig. 14. Fig. 14. Carpolithes sp. C. Fig. 15. Enlarged fig. 16. Fig. 16. Carpolithes sp. A. Fig. 17. Carpolithes sp. E. Fig. 18a. Insect ? Fig. 18b. Carpolithes sp. G. Fig. 19. Phyllites sp. A. Figs. 20 and 21. Carpolithes sp. D. Figs. 22 and 23. Hemitrapa angulata (BROWN) new combined. Fig. 24. Incertae sedical matter. MATSUO: On the Omichidani flora (Upper Cretaceous) Plate 43

12 15 17 19

14 16

23 24 572. On the Omichidani Flora (Upper Cretaceous) 389

D, pp. 1-30, pis. I-II with 14 text-figs. -- (1968) : Morphological and Evolutional --- (1959) : Evolution of Trapa from An­ Relationship between Hemitrapa and cestral Lythrum through Hemitrapa. Proc. Trapa. Ibid., No. 16, pp. 281-286, 3 figs. ]ap. Acad., Vol. 35, No. 6, pp. 289-294, 3 OISHI, S. (1940) : The Mesozoic Floras of text-figs. Japan. ]ourn. Fac. Sci. Hokkaid/J Imp. - (1961): Aquatic Floral Remains in Ja­ Univ., Ser. IV, Vol. V, Nos. 2-4, pp. 125- pan. jour. Bio. Osaka City Univ., Vol. 480, pis. I-XL VIII. 12, pp. 91-121, pis. I-III. SvESHNIKOVA, LN. (1967) : Late Cretaceous -- (1967) : Morphology and Genus Relation coniferas of the U.S.S.R. I. Fossil Coni­ of Fossil Eotrapa (in Japanese). Bull. ferae of the Viliuyian Depression. Palaeo­ Mukogawa Women's Univ., No. 15, pp. botanika, Bd. VII, pp. 179-203, pis. I-XII. 267-272, 4 figs.

'-'-' Akaiwa 7]f. E No hi tJK ~ Asuwa it. ~~ Oarai 7:. 7% Goshogahara rtPFrr ?-!JR Omichidani -:killt:- Ha'amidani ·" 7 ~ 1:t Omodani w 1:t Hakobuchi im l)jj Sarao 1IIl ~ Ikuno :!t !b't Shiramine s ~ Izumi ;fll 7'R Sugiyamadani ~~ Llit:- Kadonosawa F~ / IR Suhara lJR Kamogata ~fJ )] Suritaki m* tli! --4 Kariyasu :AU '1.; Taiwan p ~~ Katsuyama !Ji)} LlJ Takinami-gawa tii! iiJi. ) ll Kuji !A rt& Tani-tOge 1:t Plii SF.· Kumo-gawa ~ )II Tedori-gawa =f :!& Jll Kuwajima ~ ,18; Urushidani $ 1:t Kuzuryu-gawa .1LITJHiJII Uzume $ i~t l=l Mitsuse '/ i*~ Yubari-gawa !7 ~1~ Jli Yunnan §@- Naktong ~ ~ rw Naru ~~ *fli Trans. Proc, Palaeont. Soc. Japan, N.S., No .. 80,. pp. 390-396, pl. 44, Dec. 20, 1970

''I, · 573, PLIOCENE SIREMIA. IN JAPAN* ·

TOKIO SHIKAMA

Geological Institute; Yokohama National University, Yokohama

and

DARYL P. DOMNING

Department of Paleontology, University of California, Berkeley

1%s~s~~~mmoo~*•~••~$~~~~~~~~~~~-~~~-~~~. ~ ~m~*~UPmW±~~*~®M-~mc•~0~B~MTm) ~~~~m~§*~M*~ 9E~.U..:o . 3:l'H~fi M51l111 ~:fiijJII ~itl!lEsr.~l!I <~II!J$C:· ~ .Qo - ~ri!J.tf~fi~ 'b ~-c-~ .Qt.~ fiAM•C:·~~t::~-c·, lfWflvi 1969~ Berkeley il!itUP DoMNING ~;lt~li]f}E~l.-t::o *fi ..-'7-:rtiUr.~EW 1.-gn\ lilfJt~~:ilti: ~ -:r:r.iw4vr.l!I:v•Tm Hydrodamatis sp. -c·~.Qt. ~iJ>:flJ~t.:o ~ 7 7-:jjij.tf H. gigas ~:i&,Hr.l!Iv•*~~J:j:tWfrtll:fill Metaxytherium jordani ~l!t.l* ~ ~ fiE!ll fJ /J*~~ .QiJt, iiliil~~~fi ~ 7 7-:t.fjj.tf~ ~ 'b J:j:t;Wil!tfillvr.lliv'o California ~ f!¥~*1[~ ~ jordani ~ gigas ~~11fmfi"Jtdrr1'ffiil~~~~~h:n•.Q~C:·, z~~.l:t~il;;i§";ti?~c.Qo ::lt:t::lJZ t:'!"~iw.tf~ffi:JIHi.ll!*8'~~ Metaxytherium jordani ~ ~ Hydrodamalis gigas -"~i1Mt 1.­ ii·~Ght.J:v'o JJli!!:--.::- ~ y~li't!Hr.5J;{fjl.-t..: Hydrodamalis il;f!!.~~tll:h::fi;t::lJZ-fl"~]iiUj¥C:·vi .Qii•f>?;ijjvci -c·5J:flll.- '"Cv•t..:;: ~ fi~~~~V'o 1m r.~9 n~ X . Daryl P. DOMNING

Introduction currence of fossil Sirenia in East Asia. The present paper reports on this bone. On August 11th, 1965 N. TATSUNO, Here the writers express their cordial then a student of the Geological Institute, thanks to Prof. D. SAvAGE of the De­ Yokohama National University and K. partment of Paleontology, University of OZAKI of the same Institute found a California, for his kind guidance, and to mammalian bone from the Lower Saru­ Messrs N. TATSUNO and K. OzAKI for maru sandstone and conglomerate bed their help in different ways. at Do-ai, Togakushi-mura, Kami-minochi­ gun, Nagano Prefecture, Central Japan. Geology of the Locality T ATSUNO had been engaged in the geo­ logic survey of the Shigarami area, west The Sigarami area along the Susobana of Nagano City, for his graduation thesis. River is famous for abundant molluscan The bone in question is a dense large fossils and has been studied by many sized costa of Sirenia, which is a very geologists. According to T. TOMIZAWA interesting material being the first oc- (1958), the geology of the area is com­ posed of the following formations in * Received June 20, 1970; read June 27, 1970. descending order. 390 573. Pliocene Sirenia in Japan 391

Holocene K Alluvium

Terrace gravel bed "' Up. J ~ '~ "'" Iizuna loam and sodenoyama volcanic ash bed 0 ~ .," ~ " ~ ..-< r, Iizuna tuff and agglomerate

~ r<"' Low. ~ " "~~~-v" ~ "\/\./'- "" r, ~arumarL Sarumaru sandstone and Up. f. conglomerate bed Low. (80 m) x "' Up. Hz ""' "0 ..-< and r< Low. H, ~bo sandstone mudstone bed "" 0. Shiga- Arakurayama (80m) "'0 rami tuffaceou~~' "'" f. bed (IOOOm) Machi sandy .c•rl mudstone bed ·(400-950m) Upper "0 ..-< Junidaira sandstone and mudstone bed (500m) G :-:"

Miocene ~~ Ogawa Yahagi sandstone bed (800-950m) f.

Nishikyo mudstone bed (300m+)

The Minochi Group is a thick mari~e formation, distributed in northern Nagano Prefecture with a general trend of NE-SW, toler· abley folded, occupying the moun­ tainous area between the Nagano basin and the Azumi valley, and is overlain by the Pleistocene Ii· zuna volcanic mass. In the Shi­ garami area no basement rock is exposed. The Upper Palaeogene Moriya, Early Miocene Uchimura· Bessho and Middle Miocene Aoki formations those are known in central Nagano Prefecture are not distributed here. The Ogawa formation is a sandstone and siltstone member of regressive facies. S. TOKUNAGA (1934) re· ported an occurrence of Hipparion (his Pliohippus) from the forma· tion at Miasa·mura, Kitaazumi­ gun but nowadays it is impossible to restudy the material as it was destroyed by the war. In 1926 Fig. 1. Map of the locality. he reported Cervavus oweni hira- 392 Tokio SHIKAMA and Daryl P. DaMNING

l a 0 Ant.-E<---~,. Pos. k

Fig. 2. Index figure of the fossil bone. ab : Head, f : Tuberculum, h : Angulus. bayashii TOKUNAGA from the shale bed thostomoides KURODA & HABE, Area at Shikamichi, Hibara, Shinsyushin­ miyatensis YoK., Anadara amicula machi, Kamiminochi-gun. F. HOMMA (YOK.), A. satowi castellata (YOK.), Limo­ referred the bed to the Aoki formation psis tokaiensis YOK., Glycymeris yama­ but F. T AKAI (1938) regarded it as the sakii YoK., Modiolus akanudaensis Ku­ Ogawa formation. The Ogawa formation RODA, Mytilus grayanus DUNKER, V of sella abounds in plant fossils. The Shigarami nitida (REEVE), Anomia lischkei D. & F., formation is characterized by conspicu­ A. nipponensis YoK., A. lunula YoK., ous volcanic activity, and the Arakura­ Chlamys swijti (BERNARDI), Patinopecten yama tuffaceous agglomerate bed carries yessoensis (JAY), P. yamasakii (YoK.), P. andesitic boulders and dykes. TATSUNO triblium (YOK.), Calyptogena (?) longissima called the formation the Shigarami tuf­ YoK., Lucina mochizukii KURODA, Laevi­ faceous agglomerate bed, following T. cardium angustum (YoK.), Serripes sp., SUZUKI (1938) and H. FUJIMOTO (1946). Macrocallista brevisiphonata (CARPEN­ The Ogikubo sandstone and mudstone TER), Callista chinensis HoLTEN, Merce­ bed bears many molluscan fossils· as naria chitaniana (YOK.), M. sigaramiensis follows: Turritella saishuensis YoK., (MAK.), M. makiyamai YOK., Venus jedo~ Niltica jd.nthostoma DESHAYES, N. jan- ensis LISCHKE, Spisula sachalinensis 573. Pliocene Sirenia ~n Japan 393

divided the formation into lower and

upper by the T 2 tuff. The lower Saru­ maru formation yields many drift woods, and T. Y AGI reported some shells such as Cyclina orientalis, Ostrea sp., Callista brevisiphonata and Mya japonica, but the formation in general is almost barren of megafossils. The lower formation might have been deposited in a near shore area of the sea floor. The upper Sarumaru formation is of regressive facies, marked with cross laminae and slumping structure. The Sarumaru for­ Fig. 3. The costa in question in comparison mation is overlain unconformably by the with the related bones. 1 : Hydrodamalis gigas Iizuna tuff and agglomerate. The fossil ZIMMERMANN from the Bering Islands (Re­ bone in question is the most distinct cent) (UCMP 23050), 2: Hydrodamalis sp. from Do-ai, Togakushi-mura, Nagano Pref. (Late fossils of the lower Sarumaru formation. Pliocene), 3: M etaxytherium jordani KELLOG The oceanographical condition of the (eighth costa) from Santa Cruz, California Sarumaru Sea is not clear but assuming (Late Miocene) (UCMC 77073), 4: Ditto (sev­ from the preceeding Shigarami Sea and enth costa), 5: Ditto (sixth costa). the youngest Neogene deposits in Nii­ gata, Akita and Hokkaido, it may be (SCHRENCK), Solen grandis DUNKER, Fa­ said that in the Late Pliocene period nope japonica A. ADAMS, Mya japonica rather cool water of North Pacific Ocean JAY, Myadora japonica HABE, Terebratalia invaded the northern Nagano Prefecture. koyamai MAK., etc. The molluscan com­ munities of the bed show cool Northern Pacific neritic communities characterized Description of the bone by Turritella saishuensis-Patinopecten ya­ masakii-Spisula sachalinensis. The fauna Hydrodamalis sp. corresponds to the Lower Pliocene Onma­ Pl. 44, figs. 1-4 Manganji fauna of North Japan, which is composed largely of deep sea inhabit­ Hydrodamalis RETZIUS, 1794. K. Vetens Acad. ants. Some fossils such as echinoid, Nya Hand!. Stockholm, 15, 292. Balanus and Haliotis may indicate the Rytina ILLIGER, 1811. Prod. sys. mamm. av., rocky sea floor of the Shigarami sea, 418. Rhytina BERTHOLD, 1827. in LARTREILLE, which was directly connected with the Nat. Fam. Thierr., 62. Japan Sea basins of the Niigata oil-field Rhytine BuRMEISTER, 1837. Handb. Natur­ and not with the warm Pacific basin gesch., 792. like the Kakegawa area. The Sarumaru formation, conformably Specimen: Right anterior costa, stored overlying the Ogikubo sandstone and in the Geological Institute, Yokohama mudstone bed, is composed of yellowish National University. Plaster cast of it brown coarse sandstone and conglomer­ in the Museum of Paleontology, Univer­ ate, intercalated with four liparitic tuff sity of California (UCMP spec. no. 86342, beds (T,-T4 ). TOMIZAWA and TATSUNO accession no. 2773). 394 Tokio SHIKAMA and Daryl P. DOMNING

Locality: Left bank of Susobana River, In dorsal view, the bone is thickest in -just west of a junction with its tributary, middle portion and rather narrow in Kusunoki River; Do-ai, Togakushi-mura, proximal portion. Dorsal surface of Kami-Minochi-gun, Nagano Prefecture, proximal portion is neither fiat nor wide Central japan; Lat. 36o40'18"N, Long. between tuberculum and angulus. Both 138°4'30"E, UCMP Joe. no. V-70112. anterior and posterior margins of that Formation: Late Pliocene Sarumaru portion extend in posterio-inner to an· formation of Minochi Group; the lower terio-outer direction, slightly oblique to Sarumaru sandstone and conglomerate the longitudinal axis of middle to distal bed. corpus. Dorsal surface is a little de­ Description : Bone is greyish brown, pressed beside and outer side of tuber· well fossilized, rather hard, tolerably culum. Surface of middle portion of .Jarge sized, dense and strong! y curved. dorsal corpus has a moderate crista, Distal corner is broken partially and but that of distal corpus is rather corpus itself carries several cracks. smooth. Posterior ventral surface of Assuming from the convexity and cur­ proximal portion is distinctly fiat and _vature of the bone, it belongs to the smooth. anterior right costa. In anterio-posterior Measurements: view, the bone is semicircular and most Direct length between ventral corner of strongly curved at one third of length both end (ac) ...... 54 em from proximal end. Head and tuber· Length along ventral margin between culum are distinctly separated and collum the both tips above mentioned .... 83 is relatively wide. The bo.ne is longer Ditto along dorsal margins between tu- than wide in dorso-ventral direction in berculum and dorsa-distal tip ...... 88 .cross section. Posterior surface is rela· Diameter at proximal end (ab) ...... tively fiat and convex between tuber· .. ·...... 6.7x5.3 culum and angulus. Proximodistal sur­ Ditto at a tuberculum (ef) ...... 8.6x4.6 face between head and tuberculum is Ditto at angulus (gh) ...... 8.9x5.2 shallowly depressed. Proximal surface Ditto at a curved point about two third of head is very fiat and remarkably bent length from a proximal end (ij) ...... dorsal ward; it makes an angle of 60° ...... ' ...... 6.7x6.7 with the longitudinal axis of proximal Ditto at a point about 19 em d~stant corpus. In proximal view, the surface from a distal end (kl) ...... 5.2x5.9 is suboval in outline with gently curved Ditto at a distal end (cd) ...... 6.0 X .. . anterior and nearly straight posterior Comparisons: The massive pachyo­ margins, though inner corner is broken. stotic ribs characteristically developed At the middle of corpus, surface is by sirenians serve to ballast their large gently curved and smooth, while that of buoyant bodies and lungs and aid in distal portion carries a median longi­ hydrostasis. The Hydrodamalis of the tudinal weak crest. The middle portion Pliocene and Pleistocene had larger of corpus is very thick in anterio-pos· bodies, both ·absolutely and relatively, terior direction and almost circular in than did the Metaxytherium from which cross· section. The posterior surface of they were descended, and this is reflect· that portion is swollen and roughened. ed in the much greater weight and Distal end is broken and distal surface stronger curvature of their ribs. is nearly oval in outline. The specimen has been compared with 573. Pliocene Sirenia in Japan 395 ribs of both Metaxytherium jordan 1 jordani KELLOG, 1925 · (late Miocene, (UCMP no. 77307) and. Hydrodamalis northern California). These all · belong gigas (UCMP no. 23050). The former to the same genus. KELLOG (1966) de­ specimen is from the Late Miocene of scribes the confusion regarding the use California. A very old adult, ·it is the of the .name of Metaxytherium and .largest known indi.vidual of the genus, Halianassa, and employs Metaxytherium its skull being the size of that of a for sirenians from .eastern North Amer­ small adult' Hydrodamalis. Its ribs are, ica which appear to be congeneric with however, strikingly unlike those of the the Pacific species... In view of ·his re­ .latter and the Japanese specimen, being marks, and the priority of usage. of much smaller and more slender ·and not Metaxytherium for the Pacific forms, it nearly as strongly curved. Those closest seems preferable to retain' this name in shape to the Japanese specimen are for ·them rather than· Halianassa. M. in the region of the sixth to the eighth vanderhooft is probably a synonym of rib, but their shafts curve down abruptly M. jordani. ·distal to the angulus as in tbe Japanese Pliocene: Two specimens of . a new rib. On the other hand the latter cor­ species of · Hydrodamalis have been dis­ responds well in size and curvature to covered in California and · are ·being anteriorribs of the RecentHydrodamalis, studied by a group of worker there. including the second rib illustrated by This species is morphologically inter­ BRANDT (1868: pl. 7, fig. 2), except that .mediate between Metaxytherium jordani it is more slender distally than the ribs (=Halianassa vanderhooft) and Hydro­ of a normal adult Hydrodamalis gigas. damalis gigas. These are swollen and .banana-shaped, Pleistocene: A skull fragment. of. Hy­ and have more blunt distal ends; also .drodamalis gigas was dreged fro'm Mon­ the articular surface on the head are terey Bay, California (JONES, 196'7); often not as well developed as in· Metaxy­ radiocarbon dating indicated a age of therium. The Japanese ribs seems to be 18,940±1100 years B. P. intermediate in degree of development Recent: In historical. time Hydro­ of the articular facets. It is probably damalis gigas was found only in the from the region of the third to the Commander Islands. A single rib of eighth rib. the animal was found on the island of Discussion: Apart from the living Attu in; Aleutian (BRANDT, 1868: 294). dugong of the western Pacific, all the It is evident from present knowledge sirenians known to have occurred in the that the· genus Hydro·damalis is a direct Pacific Ocean are members of a single descendant· of the Late Miocene Metaxy­ Miocene-to-Recent lineage. This group therium found on the west coast of is presently being restudied by DaMNING, North America, and that sirenians de­ and will be reviewed in detail in a future finitely assignable to Hydrodamalis ex­ publication. The known occurrences may isted in the Pliocene. be summarized as follows: The most practical criterion for dis­ Miocene: Three species of sirenians tinguishing these two genera is the total have been described from the Miocene lack of functional teeth in the adult ·Of western North America: Halianassa Hydrodamalis. Since, however, only a {?) allisoni KILMER, 1965 (e'arly-middle rib has been found in the Japanese Miocene, Baja California), Metaxytherium Tertiary sediments, we must rely on 396 Tokio SHIKAMA and Daryl P. DOMNING other distinctions to make a generic Fteferences Cited identification of this specimen. Since BRANDT, J.E. (1868): Symbolae sirenologicae, the rib of Hydrodamalis are normally fasc. II et III. Mem. Acad. Imp. Sci. St.­ much larger than those of Metaxytherium Petersburg, (7) 12 (1), 1-384, 9 pis. (though a large Metaxytherium equal in FUJIMOTO, H. (1946) : Geology of the Nagan() Oil-field. jour. Geol. Soc. japan, 52, 48-55. size a small Hydrodamalis), and, as de­ HoMMA, F. (1931) : Geology of the Middle tailed above, the Japanese specimen more Shinano. Kokonshoin, Tokyo. closely approximates in size and shape }ONES, R.E. (1967) : A Hydrodamalis skull the ribs of Hydrodamalis, it is reasonable fragment from Monterey Bay, California. jour. Mammalogy, 48(1), 143-144, 1 fig. to assign it to the latter genus. Its Late KELLOG, R. (1925) : A new fossil sirenian Pliocene age is consistent with this in from Santa Barbara County, California. view of the known existence of Hydro­ Carnegie Inst. Washington Publ., 348, 57- damalis before the end of the Pliocene. 70, pis. 9-11. -- (1966) : New species of extinct Miocene The occurrence of Pliocene Hydro­ · Sirenia. U.S. Nat. Mus. Bull., 247(3), damalis approximately as far south in 65-98, pis. 33-43. Asia as in America is not unexpected, REINHART, R.H. (1959) : A review of the. but our knowledge of the details of Sirenia and Desmostylia. Univ. Calif. Publ. Geol. Sci., 36(1), 1-146, 19 figs., 14. sirenian evolution is on the whole so pis., map. limited that it is not safe to predict TAKA!, F. (1938) : Cenozoic Mammals of where any given kind of sirenians, even Japan. jour. Geol. Soc. japan, 45(541),. 750-751. Hydrodamalis, will or will not be found. TATSUNO, N. (1965): Geology of the Neigh­ This is particularly true of Asia, where bourhood of Shigarami, Nagano Prefec-· only the most meager and fragmentary ture. Grad. Thesis, Geol. Inst., Yok. Nat. remains have been recovered, and these Univ., no. 59, 1-101. TOKUNAGA, S. (1934) : Fossil Mammals in from the Indian and Indonesian areas. Iwanami Koza. Iwanami, Tokyo, 58. It is hoped that researches in all parts TOMIZAWA, T. (1958): Geology of the North-· of Asia will call the attention of science western Part of the Nagano Oil-Field to all sirenian remains which come to (Studies on the Geological History of the. Northern Regions of the Fossa Magna). light, any of which will be a welcome jub. Publ. Comm. Prof. H. Fujimoto Sixtieth. addition to our knowledge. Birthday, 251-266.

Arakurayama it-~ ;tr UJ Ogikubo f.)( !A 1* Hibara 13 JJR Sarumaru Jjli J:L Iizuna fl& *illl Shigarami f11U Junidaira -t=.if Shikamichi Jlg iJ:! Kamiminochi-gun _bJcr"Jf,fl Shinsyushin-machi 1§1Hf!TillJ Kitaazumi-gun ;lt't:'~'ltll Susobana River ~.'i it )II Miasa-mura ~lfldi" Yahagi !k. ~ Nishikyo i1!3 5it

Explanation of Plate 44 Hydrodamalis sp. Fig. l. Anterior side of 'right anterior costa. Fig. 2. Posterior side of ditto. Fig. 3. Ventral side of middle shaft. Fig. 4. Dorsal side of ditto. All figures are x 0.25 natural. size. SHIKAMA and DOMNING: Pliocene Sirenia in Japan Plate 44 397

PROCEEDINGS OF THE PALAEONTOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN

s :;t,;:J!l1=.q7Jjg!:~m 1o4 @lf§tlf;;f:t, 197o if- 6 J'l z7 Texanitinae !C"?v''L ...... t~:;f,;:l!.Jl!~ B (±) !C~~:;k~l'Jilg!:J}~!C.i>\,,'Lfl¥]f{)l~:hl: (~ Early Cretaceous ammonites from Rikuzen-

1JQ:tif 60 :15) 0 Oshima, Northeast Japan ...... TAKAHASHI, H. Some Bajocian ammonites from Kitakami ...... SATO, T. On the distribution of Ptilophyllum and its Some Neogene Bryozoa from Okinawa phytogeographical significance ...... Island ...... HAY AMI, T ...... KIMURA, T. The ontogenies of Ponumia obscura (LocH­ A pentoxylous plant from the Momonoki MAN), n. g., and of Housia canadensis formation, Yamaguchi Pref...... (WALCOTT) (Trilobita) from the upper ...... KIMURA, T. & G. OKAFUJI. Cambrian of the Big Horn Mountains, Microfossils from the Pleistocene sediments Wyoming (ti:;R;,;) ...... Hu, C.H. of the Ariake Sea area, West Kyushu mN::& . .=.im~l\~ 'fpf?O) :ll!¥Trill: 0) ~JFE Cm¥FI) (ti:;~)C) ...... TAKAHASHI, K. (tl:;~;'i;) ...... ·f'f*ll[Wci i:f.~4-Ji

Significance test for the difference of 13 :;f,;:tfl~tf,og!:;i'<5f~ 105 @lf§tl0t.s: G tflc ::1 P t-7 growth ratio in average allometry .... A I ::ki"ff±f:tf.i'!ql!J c 1J~J!l4.~;~: J f'J:, 1970 if- 9 }'] 12 ...... HAY AMI, I. B (±) · 13 B (B) ffi[:s'l:f-'f-";:t;-'1¥-0iliHCEv''Lr,~fili Lepidocyclinas from New Zealand ...... ~ :ht-::" CtBJIW# 70 :15) o ...... MATSUMARU, K. Fusulinacean biostratigraphy and molluscan ~@r~-~o~c<*4QMql!JJ ~~~~~ fauna from the uppermost part of the ~liJf3'CNi1£\!f'F Sakamotozawa formation, and the pre­ ::1 P t-'/A r*)'(:±ft;fj'(¥;;U1Z"i!l~:l".¥!)~:J Kanokura unconformity in the southern part of the Kitakami massif, Northeast ;Jt.:*lJl-itlc :toft .QU~iJJ~i':J::i:AJ;r'J:O)if!iV< · · · · · · Japan (f\:;~)c) ...... MuRATA, M. ··································~'i"l-:*Jl!~ New anadarids and associated molluscan 71 ~ ~~iw::I70)J?.E~ili1lMf'W:MHIT .. !J>:$. f* fauna from the Nakoshi formation, Oki­ 71 ~ ~~iwi~ifiJ::I7~~~0)Jj!J:I\i111\¥~lc-:::>v'--c nawa-jima, Ryukyu Islands .... NooA, H...... r:Jl 1ittil¥lxf!B · w!l!f=t1t= Stratigraphical significance of the Miocene ~~~::I70)~~~~~~9~~m~O)~iV<·· molluscan fauna of Minami-Tsugaru ...... ii1liUJf:lt:ai':l district, Aomori Prefecture, Northeast 71 ~ l::'~iiU:::I7 V21-98 !C5\!.-8, 1~r:J:1Wifi!J:i'f­ Japan ...... KOTAKA, )l[fi>11f1L!E.l\f~O)~)'{l! .... fl(~;: '1i: · .::=.ifll:J't1=. T., H. NooA, T. IwAr & S. HAYASAKA. ~M~::I70)~J!l4.qm~~~-~O)~~~~ ·· 398

··································*~:,\.\iill: 13;;$.:ti~47!J $~ ~ 106 @I i7JJ ~t.r.l?rH::H fffni ~ s.II.J.L KH-67-5 Aii:74iiOJ!iF~:t:.IJli$OJ~iiiiiliJ\iffi r~~!tl!.J]fif$.W.c ti$.47!JJ 1'1. 1970~11Ji 22 c. i~1m :z 7 OJ15EklliM!Iflt7'7 :..r tr 1- :..r ..•.•. 13 (13), fA~*$flll$~~~C~It'"Cimf-lll.~hf:.o ...... -i!lHE'li:M .(~1JQ~ 45 4!;) 0 *1-F/lf :z 7 OJtittl!.Jifk~iJ!IJ%1;: "?v'"C .... ,J,#fn~ f~J:~ J: LF*i-F/lfOJtittl!.!i!k~$1]"J:MH: .. jjilf~f§R~ roo A nllf ilit *~llf:!tH11471J J: !J {~td!f~fi£1f1LEI:!.OJ~.1H~21:lr ')(;~ttl!.)] J:fili !ljj3''f- )lJ( ~ 1\"il!'f liJfJE ~fi IC J: .Q~J'iEl$1'1'-J~JE ...... ·. · ililitJJPiliY 0) 13 0) 1El)}$i'l"J ...... :::.*aE;Ic . ~-frilt~~ On some Cretaceous conifers from. the Kuji group in northeastern Honshu ...... 100 A nllt ilil ...... TANAI, T. 3:: C. L- "Cffi'{;kilC:ID':*"t'3MtL- f.:,· >5!A:.c IUJ ;fj! ;frilW\i.Li~\'l.1fi:IUt~ii!f7JciiiJ#~ !tl!.:h.ilt"t'3E 5L ~ tLt:.= ~lciftft L- i::43-f!l! ~ ,~.-ft151c "?v'"C ...... :\iif-f,)j~Ei:!.IC"?v'"C ...... ; ...... •.. IJiiJtt:lltzl!h ...... ilJli~~;lc . :Eli:kl'J:~ . ~~ilmil'li5C 'ffi~~ffi)l.J(!-\~~llfOJfet~1 · n~·H'f~ C-'f~fl) .... ;!;@JIHl~"C3E.f! ~ tLt:. Yabeina shiraiwensis­ ...... - .. i!1lim ri!f Lepidolina toriyamai 11\'!C "?v'"C (~ 2 ~) Correlation of late Cenozoic marine sections ...... ·; · .... · Llil~~~;lc ··!Ji f!t:?ts · in Japan arid the Equatorial Pacific. (ft fnll!Xil.l!~ 13~~15EJ(:EOJt,!i~EI:!.ft151c "?v' -c .... ·r:J'i:): ,, ... ; .•...... ·'· ••.••.•. BuRcKLE, L. H. . .. ·...... :p":j:j:~- Marine diatom flora from the Nobori forma- Note · ·on the Permian-Triassic biostrati­ tion, Shikoku, Japan ...... KoiZUMI, I. graphy in several districts of Afgha- Ori some Patinopecten from North America. nistan ...... ISHII, K. & BAN DO, Y. . (ftilft) ...... MASUDA, K. 'tJ!} 7 * ,~.-·=-7 · >{'fi=1'7-.'Mn~I?OJ. Lepidocyc- •• Pennatae. Trigonians" OJ3!ROO~~[fj0)~ 11: . lina ~ ...... :_ ... ' . t.t.'>J.Lffilfl~ · c,· ~l:!iill~!l¥JJEOJf}ffiJ!Ir:"?v'"C (ftft1D .... lJfPXi!E Waagenophyllum K--:>v'"C .. ;·... :...... B3ftlEZ ...... : ...... !& r=n1U.It · LLI 1:~ il£ ;~c 777-.tJJJE Aturia IC"?v'"C ...... ~Jt.:::.Jl!~ On the Paleozoic Bryozoa collected by Dr. Ontogenies of two Upper Cambrian trilo­ C. K. BURTON from Chumphon, Penin- bites from Northern Black Hills, South sular Thailand (ft~) ...... HAY AMI, T. Dakota. (ftib"C) ...... l!J!IC$.:fflt1Jra~7.1;~ 7.>7.1'? ...... )Jbj( ~ ...... Hu, Chung-Hung & TAN, Li-Lin JlX:III~JJEO) Asterpoidea IC"?v'"C .... :tj'jiB37J$. ~tiffili~ r~~ttl!.J]fif~W.c ti$.47!JJ fJ\s::fiEk:!ilfrffil "*~-J~d-tlli:" 0) :z ; r :..r 1- 1c "?v'"C ...... ~~Jlllt:\7i'i · tHl!!.lii.lck ~~ttl!.}]0)~=*2~n411Jll~o)"2, 3·0)·r~,:m .. fllll:fl:fa!(fffi fl~mfi

fif];;jl.:~tl~OJiitJ: (9 Ji 13 13), r~$:flt!}i!:9c~l.=jJ1l.t~ ~.J t~;l-lll.~h. !f-!ii-ll!~ · ,J,#~-fitiiROJn~~tilit tJ;~ '? f::.o SYSTEMATIC INDEX

(New Series No. 73-No .. 80).

PALAEOZOOLOGY

Protozoa Page AoKI, Naoaki: Notes on the Stratigraphic Distributions of Some Planktonic Foramini- feral Species in the Kazusa Group, Boso Peninsula ...... 81 SADA, Kimiyoshi : Microfossils of the Lowest Part of the Taishaku limestone (Studies of the stratigraphy and ·the microfossil faunas of the Carboniferous and Permian Taishaku Limestone in W~st Japan, No. 4) ...... 119

Bryozoa

HAY AMI, Tomoko: Miocene Bryozoa from Southwest Hokkaido, Japan ... ; ...... , . . . . . 31&

Brachiopoda

YANAGIDA, Juichi and HIRATA, Motome: Lower. Permian Brachiopods from Nakakub.o,. West Central Shikoku, Japan ...... 89·

Mollusca

BANDO, Yuji: Lower Triassic Ammonoids from the Kitakami Massif ...... 33T ENoo, Riuji and MoRI, Ryuji: Two Interesting Fossil Specimens from the Upper Paleo- zoic System in Japan ...... 112·· HAY AMI, Itaru: Occurrence of Tutcheria from the Lower Jurassic of West Japan ...... 26· IWASAKI, Yasuhide: A Miocene Molluscan Fauna in the Philippines...... 205- KoBAYASHI, Teiichi and IsHIBASHI, Takashi: Halobia styriaca, Upper Triassic Pelecypod, discovered in Okinawa-Jima, the Ryukyu Islands ...... 243·. MAsUDA, Koichiro and NooA, Hiroshi: Pliocene Boring Shells and Their Burrows from the Environs of Sendai, Japan...... 130· MATSUMOTO, Tatsuro and HIRATA, Motome: A New Ammonite from the Shimantogawa Group of Shikoku ...... 17T NooA, Hiroshi: Freshwater Molluscs from the Coal-bearing Owada Formation, Southeast Rumoi, Hokkaido, Japan ...... 235 · OBATA, Ikuwo: Lower Cretaceous Ammonites from the Miyako Group...... 165. OHTA, Yoshihiha: A Review of Some Cretaceous Corbiculids in North America ...... 291 OZAWA, Tomowo and HAY AMI, Itaru: Triassic Oxytoma Bed in the Suburbs of Orne City, Kwanto Mountains...... 32 SAITO, Minoru, BANDo, Yuji and NooA, Hiroshi: Fossil Molluscs from Teshima, Shodo- gun, Kagawa Prefecture, Southwest Japan...... 276.

399 400 Systematic Index

Arthropoda

Hu, Chung-Hung: The Ontogenies of Ponumia obscura (Loci-IMAN), N.G., and of Housia canadensis (WALCOTT) (Trilobita) from the Upper Cambrian of the Big Horn Moun- tains, Wyoming ...... , ...... 253

Vertebrata

SI-IIKA:VIA, Tokio and DaMNING, Daryl P.: Pliocene Sirenia in Japan ...... 390

PALAEOBOTANY

ENDO, Riuji and MoRI, Ryuji: Two Interesting Fossil Specimens from the Upper Paleo- zoic System in Japan ...... 112 FUJI, Norio: Fossil Spores and Pollen Grains from the Neogene Deposits in Noto Penin- sula, Central Japan-!. A Palynological Study of the Late Miocene Wakura Member.. 1 ---: Fossil Spores and Pollen Grains from the Neogene Deposits in Note Peninsula, Central Japan-H. A Palynological Study of the Middle Miocene Yamatoda Member.. 51 ----: Fossil Spores and Pollen Grains from the Neogene Deposits in Noto Peninsula, Central Japan-III. A Palynological Study of the Pliocene Oginoya and Late Miocene Hijirikawa Members ...... 185 HuziOKA, Kazuo: A new species of Sagenopteris from Nariwa, Southwest Honshu, Japan.. 229 MATsuo, Hidekuni: On the Omichidani Flora (Upper Cretaceous), Inner Side of Central Japan ...... 371 NISHIDA, Shiro: Nannofossils from Japan I. Miocene Discoasters from Noto ...... 136 ---: Nannoplanktons from the Deep-sea Ooze of the Equatorial Pacific ...... 355 TAKAI-IASI-II, Kiyoshi and YAo, Akira: Plant Microfossils from the Permian Sandstone in the Southern Marginal Area of the Tanba Belt...... 41 ---: Some Palynomorphs from the Upper Cretaceous Sediments of Hokkaido ...... 265 401

INDEX OF FAMILIES, GENERA AND SPECIES

Notes: Words listed are names of families, genera and species, which are either described or illustrated in the Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of Japan, New Series, Nos. 73-80; words in heavy type are names of new genera and species.

A Chenopodium ...... 204 Abies ...... 18, 68, 197 Chlamys (?) sp...... 32 Acer ...... 19, 78, 197 Circe intermedia...... 208 Alnus ...... 18, 68, 80, 197 Cladophlebis sp...... 380 Anadara multiformis ...... 208, 209 Clementia papyracea ...... 208, 213 Apollon sp...... 209 Coccolithus doronicoides ...... 359 Aquilapollenites cf. mirabilis ...... 272 --- aff. fragilis ...... :...... 360 --- parvus ...... 271 Conus (Leptoconus) generalis ...... 209 (Cleobula) minimus...... 209,217 Araucariacites ? gloriosus...... 44 Asplenium sp. ? ...... 380 Corbula sp...... 209 Astraea furuichii ...... 278, 283 Corylus ...... 19, 68, 197 --- sp ...... , .... 32 Cranwellia cf. rumseyensis ...... 269 Azorinus scheepmakeri...... 208 --- striata ...... 268 Craspedolithus declivus ...... 360 B Crassimarginatella kumatae ...... 278 Betula...... 18,78 Crepidula isimotoi...... 285, 318 Bursa (Gyrineum) margaritula . . . . 209, 216 Cultellus sp...... 208 Bynumiella ? obscura ...... 258 Cunninghamia sp...... 383 Cyclococcolithus leptoporus...... 360 c ? sp...... "...... 361 Calamites sp...... 113 Cycloplacolithus laevigatus...... 361 Callispirina aff. ornata ...... 99 Callista (Costacallista) erycina . . . . 208,212 D Callopora aurita ...... 318 Dakaria subtorquata...... 319 --- corniculifera ...... 318 Danubites aff. ambika ...... 338 --- cf. whiteavesi ...... 318 --- sp ...... 338 Calyptraea hataii ...... 278, 284 Diplasioceras ...... 178 --- sp...... 278, 284 Dipoloceras (Diplasioceras) tosaense .... . 179 Cancrinella sp...... 104 Discoaster aster ...... 142 Cardita minoensis ...... 278, 282 --- barbadiensis ...... 142 Carpinus ...... 19, 68 --- brouweri ...... 143 Carpolithes sp. A-G ...... 386 --- challengeri ...... 143 Carya ...... 19, 22, 197 --- aff...... 144 Castanea ...... 19 ---cf.--- 144 Cauloramphus ? sp...... 318 --- dejlandrei ...... 144 Cellaria dif[usa ...... 318 --- dilatus ...... 144 Celtis ...... 18 --- aff. distinctus ...... 145 Ceratolithus cristus ...... 367 --- cf...... 145 Cerithidea sp...... 209 --- cf. divaricatus ...... 145 Chamaecyparis sp...... 385 --- gemmifer ...... 145 402 Index of Families, Genera and Species

--- gladiatus 145 Globorotalia crassaformis 86- --- japonicus ...... 146 --- hirsuta ...... 86- --- kugleri ...... 146 ___ injiata ...... 86 --- lodoensis ...... 146 --- tumid a ...... 86- --- notoensis...... 147 Globularia? sp ...... 209 --- perplexus...... 147 Glycymeris sp...... 278. --- saipanensis ...... 147 Glyptophiceras cf. gracile ...... 338. --- tani ...... 147 Glyptostrobus sp...... 383 --- trifucatus ...... 148 Gomphina sp...... 278. Discolithina antillaria ...... 361 --- distinctua ...... 362 H --- pirena ...... 362 Halobia areata ...... 244 --- sp ...... 362 --- arthaberi ...... 244 Dosinia sp...... 208 --- beyrichi ...... 244 Douvilleiceras ...... 172 --- bosniaca ...... 244 --- mammilla tum...... 172 landlensis ...... 244 Dyadosporites ...... 80 ? lenticularis ...... 244 ? lepsiusi...... 244 E --- marmorea .· ...... ·244 Echinarid sp ...... ·105 ---·? richthofeni ...... 244 Ell ipsoplacolithus Product us ·...... 362 --- styriaca .. ·. ·.. ·.. ·.. ·.... ·...... 244 Ellisina levata...... 318 Helicopontosphaera kamptneri ...... 364 Emiliania huxleyi ...... 363 Hemitrapa angulata ...... ·...... 385 Endothyra kibiensis ·...... 122 Hendersona ...... 293 Endothyra sp...... 123 --- cardiniaeformis...... 297 Enteletes gibbosus...... 96 --- subelliptica ...... 293 Eodouvilleiceras ...... 166 umbonella ...... :...... 295 --- matsumotoi ...... 166 Hincksina cf. periporosa...... 318. --- sp ...... 169 Hippothoa /ragellum...... 318. Eostaffella kanmerai ...... 120 Housia canadensis...... 254 Epitonium sp. 1 ...... · ...... :.. 278 Hydrodamalis sp...... 393 --- sp. 2' ... : ...... 278 Hysterichosphaeridium ...... ·...... 202 Equisetum sp...... 376 Eujlemingites sp...... 338 I Eurystomella bilabiata ...... 319 1t'ex ...... 68, 197 Euspira meisensis ...... 278, 285 Inapertipollenites sp...... •...... ·... 202 Inapertisporites ...... 24 F Fagus ...... 18, 68, 197 J Figularia· cf. carinata ...... 318 ]oannisiella cumingi...... 208, 210- --~ crassicostulata ...... 318 ]uglans ...... 18, 68, 197 Flemingites sp...... 338 ]ullienulla sp. A ...... ·...... 318. Florinites ? sp...... 46 --- sp. B...... 318 .G K; Gari ? sp...... 208 -Katelysia hiantina ...... :·...... 208 Gephyrocapsa a pert a ...... 363 Keteleeria ...... 68,197 --- oceanica ...... 364 Geranium ...... ·...... 80 L Ginkgoites pseudoadiantoides...... 381 Lanceolaria pisciformis ...... • . . 238 Gla uconome virens...... 208 Larix...... 18 Index of Families, Genera and Species 403

Leiophyllites cfo pitamaha 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 338 Onoclea cfo sensibilis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 380

--- affo Pradyuma 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 338 Onychocella subsymmetrica 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 318

--- spo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo 338 Orbiculapollis globosuso 00 00 00 00 00 00 00 000 270

Leptesthes augheyio 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 302 Osmunda o o o o 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 0 78

--- berthoudi 0 0 o o o 0 o o 0 o 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 301 --- spo OooooooooooooooooooooOOOOOO 376

---!racta o o 0 0 o o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 299 Oxytoma 0 0 o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 00 00 00 0 0 0 34

Linoproductidae, spo - o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 105 --- (Oxytoma) mojsisovicsi 0 0 0 o o 0 32,34 Liquidamber o o 0 0 0 0 o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19, 68, 197 p Lucinoma spo o o o o o 0 o o o o o o 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 278

o 0 o 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o Lutraria arcuata o o o o o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 208, 21.3 Paphia exarata 208, 211

spo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 Lycopodium o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 Parasmittina 319

Perigastrella rectilineata 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 319 M Persicaria o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24

Macoma spo 0 0 0 0 0 o o o 0 0 o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 208 Phyllites spo o 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o 0 0 0 o 0 o o 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 386

Mactra antiquata o o o 0 o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 208,213 Phricodothyris cfo asiatica o o o 0 0 o o o o o o o 0 o 98

Mancicorpus spo o o o 0 0 0 o 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 273 --- echinata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o o 0 0 0 0 0 o o o o o o 99

Margaritifeaa owadaensis o 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 240 ---spo ooooooooooooooooooooooooooo 97

--- perdahurica 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 239 Picea 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18, 68, 197

Margimfera ? spo o o o o o o 0 0 0 0 o 0 o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 103 Pinus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 18, 68, 197

Mediocris spo o o o o 0 0 0 o o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 121 --- mesothunbergii 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 o o o o 382

Meekoceras spo 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 338,346 Pleuricellaesporites o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 24

Membraniporella cfo bicorniso 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 318 Podocarpus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 22, 68

Membraniporidra spo ooo oo Oo 00 oooo 0000 0 318 Ponumia 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o 0 0 258

Menyanthes o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 19 --- obscura 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o 0 0 o 259

Metasequoia o o o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 202 Parella acutirostris o o 0 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 319

Micropora coriacea o o o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 318 Primovula rhodia o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 209

Microporella ciliata o o 0 o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 319 Proteacidites thalmanni o o o o o 0 0 0 0 o 0 o o 0 o o 269

--- lunifera o o o o 0 o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 319 Pseudolimea naumannio o o o o o o 0 o o o o o o o o o o 32

--- spo ooooooooOoOoooooooooooooOOO 319 Pseudorthoceras ouchii 0 0 0 o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 112

Microporina articulata 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 318 Pseudotsuga o o o o o o 0 o o o o o o o o o o o o o 0 o o o 68, 197

Millerella ? spo o 0 0 o 0 o 0 o 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 120 --- mesowilsoniana 0 0 0 o o 0 0 o 0 o 0 o o o 0 0 382

Monoletepollenites spo o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 204 Pteridium 0 o 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 o o o o o o 0 o o o o o o o o o o 78

Monoporella fimbriata o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 318 Pterocarya 0 o o o 0 0 0 0 o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 0 o o o 19

M onosulcopollenites 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 24 Pulleniatina spo o o o o o 0 o o o o o o o o o o o 0 o 0 0 o o o 82

Monotaxinoides spo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 127 Puellina setosa 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o o 0 0 0 318

Mucronella labiata 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0: 0 0 0 0 331 Pyrulella corbula o o o 0 o o o o o o o o o o o 0 o o o o o o 318

Musashia cfo yanagidaniensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 278,286 Q Myriophyllum o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 204

Quercus 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o o o o 0 0 18, 22, 68, 197 N --- (deciduous) 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 80, 197

Nassarius crenulatus 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 209 --- (evergreen) 0 o o o o o o 0 0 o o o o o o o o o 80

Natica cfo lineata o o o o 0 o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 209 Quasiendothyra japonicao o o o o o o o o o o 0 0 o o o 124

Neochonetes spo 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 103 R Neospir£fer cfo fasciger o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 100

0 o o 0 o 0 o o o o o o o o o o o o o 0 0 o o o Nilssonia asuwensis 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 381 Reginella nit ida 318

o 0 0 o o o ---- densinerve 0 0 o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 381 Reticulataspordes foraminulatus 45

0 0 o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 o 0 0 0 --- serotina 0 0 o 0 o o o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 381 Rhabdosphaera claviger 367

o o o o o o o o o o o o 0 o Nyssa 0 0 o o o o o o 0 0 0 0 o o 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 22, 68, 197 Rhamphostemella hincksi 319

--- spinigera o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o 0 o o o 319 0 Rostranteris (Rostranteris) cf 0 nucleolus 101

cfo Oliva funebralis 209,217 ---) spo oooooooooooooooo 102 404 Index of Families, Genera and Species s sp. B 126 .... 24 $accella sp...... 278 Triadosporites ...... 24 Sagenopteris ...... · ...... · 231 Tricolporopollenites ...... ? ...... •...... 204 --- nariwaensis ...... : . . 232 22, 68, 197 Salix ...... 18, 68, 197 Tsuga ...... ; . sp...... 278 Salvinia sp...... 380 Turritella 26 Scapholithus fossilis ...... 367 Tutcheria ...... 28 " Schizoporella " scissa...... 319 itoi Sequoia sp...... 384 u Sphaer.oidinella sp...... 86 Sporopollis ? sp...... 271 Ulmus...... 18, 68, 197 Stellaria...... 80 Umbilicosphaera mirabilis ...... 365 ~£rombus cf. isabella ...... 209,216 occident a/is...... 366 ---- (Laevistrombus ?) tjilonganensis --- sp ...... 366 ...... 209, 215 Umbonula arctica ...... 319 --- cf. vittatus ...... ·...... 209 Uncinulus theobaldi ...... 93 Styrax...... 19 Uncinunellina shikokuensis ...... 94 Sunetta concinna ...... 208, 212 U nio ( U nio) uryuensis ...... "...... 238 Syracosphaera pulchra...... 364 v T Vasticardium sp...... 208, 278 Taiwania mesocryptomerioides 384 teshimaense ...... 278,283 Tangshanella kaipingensis ...... 91 Veloritina cleburni ...... 305 ---- nakakuboensis ...... 91 durkeei...... 304 Tapes nagahamaensis...... 278,282 Venericardia ( Cyclocardia) siogamensis 278 Tasmanites tanbaensis ...... 46 Vepricardium multispinosum...... 208 Taxodiaceae...... 18, 68, 197 Verminaria areolae ...... ~...... 318 Tegella aquilirostris...... 318 Vexillum sp...... 209 ---- robertsonae .... ."...... 318 Viburnum ...... 68 --- unicorn is ...... : 318 V£carya callosa ...... 209, 214 Tellinella virgata ...... 208, 214 Viviparus cf. uryuensis ...... :...... 240 Terebra sp...... 278 Voluta ( Volutocorona) ? sp. 209,217 Thoracosphaera cf. albatrosiana ...... 367 ---- cf. sexea...... 368 X ---sp...... 368 X enoceltites ? sp. 338 Tiarolithus sp. A ...... 365 sp. B...... 365 z Tilia ...... 19, 68, 197 Zelkova ...... 19,22,68,197 Tournayella hiroshimana ...... 124 Zirfaea hataii...... 133 --- sp. A ...... 125 Zirfaea sp...... 133 Transactions and Proceedings

of the Palaeontological Society of Japan

New Series

No. 73 ~ N o. 80

1969-1970

Palaeontological Society of Japan The heading in Japanese commemorates the handwriting of Prof. Matajiro YOKOYAMA, father of Japanese Palaeontology, who was Professor of Stratigraphy and Palaeontology at the Geological Institute, Imperial University of Tokyo.

Fossils on the cover is Globorotalia truncatulinoides (D'ORBIGNY, 1839). The photograph was taken on a scanning electron microscope, JEOL-JSM-2, X 100. CONTENTS

Number 73 (Published April 30, 1969)

Transactions Article Page 548. FUJI, Norio: Fossil spores and pollen grains from the Neogene deposits in Noto Peninsula, Central japan-!. A palynological study of the late Miocene Wakura member ...... 1-25 549. HAY AMI, Itaru: Occurrence of Tutcheria from the Lower Jurassic of West japan ...... 26-31 550. OZAWA, Tomowo and HAYAMI, Itaru: Triassic Oxytoma bed in the suburbs of Orne City, Kwanto Mountain ...... 32-40 551. TAKA HASH!, Kiyoshi and Y AO, Akira: Plant microfossils from the Permain sandstone in the southern marginal area of the Tanba belt ...... 41-48 Proceeding ...... 40-50

Number 74 (Published June 30, 1969)

Transactions

552. FuJI, Norio: Fossil spores and pollen grains from the Neogene deposits in Noto Peninsula, Central Japan-II. A palynological study of the middle Miocene Yamatoda member ...... 51-80 553. AoKI, Naoaki: Notes on the stratigraphic distributions of some planktonic foraminiferal species in the Kazusa group, Boso Peninsula ...... 81-88 554. YANAGIDA, juichi and HIRATA, Motome: Lower Permian brachio- pods from Nakakubo, west Central Shikoku, japan ...... 89-111

Short Note 15. ENDO, Riuji and MORI, Ryuji : Two interesting fossil specimens from the Upper Paleozoic System in japan ...... 112-115 A tribute to the memory of Dr. Riuji ENDO by Haruyoshi FUJIMOTO ...... 116-118 ii

Number 75 (Published September 30, 1969)

Transactions

555. SADA, Kimiyoshi : Microfossils of the lowest part of the Taishaku limestone (Studies of the stratigraphy and the microfossil faunas of the Carboniferous and Permian Taishaku limestone in west Japan, No. 4) ...... 119-12!t 556. MASUDA, Koichiro and NonA, Hiroshi: Pliocene boring shells and their burrows from the environs of Sendai, Japan ...... 130-135- 557. NISHIDA, Shiro: Nannofossils from Japan-1. Miocene Discoasters from Noto ...... 136-152 A Memorial to Professor Hisakatsu Y ABE by Ichiro HA YASAKA ...... 153-164

Number 76 (Published December 10, 1969)

Transactions

558. OBATA, lkuwo: Lower Cretaceous ammonites from ~he Miyako group. Part 3; Some douvilleiceratids from the Miyako group ...... 165-176 559. MATSUMOTO, Tatsuro and HIRATA, Motome: A new ammonite from the Shimantogawa group of Shikoku ...... 177-184 560. FUJI, Norio: Fossil spores and pollen grains from the Neogene deposits in Noto Peninsula, Central Japan-III. A palynological study of the Pliocene Oginoya and late Miocene Hijirikawa . members ...... 185-204

Number 77 (Published April 10, 1970)

Transactions

561. IwASAKI, Yasuhide: A Miocene molluscan fauna in the Philip- pines ...... 205-228 562. HuziOKA, Kazuo: A new species of Sagenopteris from Nariwa, Southwest Honshu, Japan ...... : ...... 229-234 563. NonA, Hiroshi: Freshwater molluscs from the coal-bearing Owada formation, Southeast Rumoi, Hokkaido, Japan ...... 235-243 564. KOBAYASHI, Teiichi and ISHIBASHI, Takashi: Halobia styriaca, upper Triassic pelecypod, discovered in Okinawa-Jima, the Ryukyu Islands ...... •...... 243-248 Proceedings ...... 249-252 iii

Number 78 (Published June 30, 1970)

Transactions 565. Hu, Chung-Hung: The ontogenies of Ponumia obscura (LOCHMAN), N. G., and of Housia canadensis (WALCOTT) (Trilobita) from the upper Cambrian of the Big Horn Mountains, Wyoming ...... 253-264 566. TAKAHASHI, Kiyoshi: Some palynomorphs from the upper Creta- ceous sediments of Hokkaido ...... 265-275 567. SAITO, Minoru, BANDO, Yuji and NODA, Hiroshi: Fossil molluscs from Teshima, Shodo-gun, Kagawa Prefecture, Southwest Japan ...... 276-290

Number 79 (Published September 30, 1970) Transactions 568. OHT A, Y oshihisa: A review of some Cretaceous corbiculids in North America ...... 291-315 569. HAY AMI, Tomoko: Miocene Bryozoa from Southwest Hokkaido, Japan ...... 316-336 570. BANDO, Yuji: Lower Triassic ammonoids from the .Kitakami massif ...... 337-354

Number 80 (Published December 20, 1970)

Transactions 571. NISHIDA, Shiro: Nannoplanktons from the deep-sea ooze of the equatorial Pacific ...... 355-370 572. MATSUO, Hidekuni: On the l>michidani flora (Upper Cretaceous), Inner side of Central Japan ...... 371-389 573. SHIKAMA, Tokio and DOMNING, Daryl P.: Pliocene Sirenia in Japan ...... , ...... 390-396 Proceedings ...... 397-398 ~J A= -- - ~A ffii }i!! \ ~A iili B ~ ~~~ ilii $ i6tm1JJ B 1 971~ - ~~ · £f..~ * * -~ ; - ~/ J 197 H'f. 1 Fl 23·24 B 1 9 7 o {!~ 12 R 10 IJ ---· -,------1 £f. 6 R 27 i=i 19 7 1 £f. 5 R 10 B -- 108 @] {7~ ~ ~~_l~ ~~ 1 9 7 1 {f. 10 J'l 22- 24 13 19 7 1 £f. 7 R tJ{ -

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1 9 7 0 £f. 12 Fl 15 B ~11 liJIJ §6 fj if E3 -!5 ~ ~ -r-~!4 A;zs; 1 9 7 0 £f. 12 fl 20 B Th fT ****=flli~* ifBJ:l!l ~~~~ P'l Wru ~ 113' 1m Fa9 ~ x (~ ~ I::J ~ * * 84780 'l!f) m .liW 113' * * t~ ~ m JK ~ ::E ~t. 2 1 13 700 p:j ~*~tmlllUf*:it~t± & EE x . Transactions and Proceedings of the Palaeontological Society of japan

New Series No. 80 December 20, 1970

CONTENTS

TRANSACTIONS 571. NISHIDA, Shiro: Nannoplanktons from the deep-sea ooze of the equa- tiorial Pacific ...... - ...... - . .' . . . 355

572. MATSUO, Hidekuni : On the Omichidani flora (Upper Cretaceous), Inner side of Central Japan ...... 371

573. SHIKAMA, Tokio and DOM NING, Daryl P.: Pliocene Sirenia in Japan ...... 390

PROCEEDINGS ...... 397

Systematic Index ...... 399

Index of Families, Genera and Species ...... 401

·3 . .