Quaternionic Heisenberg Group and Solutions to Strominger System with Non-Constant Dilaton
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Quaternionic Heisenberg group and Solutions to Strominger system with non-constant dilaton Stefan Ivanov 1 University of Sofia ”St. Kliment Ohridski”, & Institut of Math and Inf, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences Workshop Geometry, Gravity and Supersymmetry, Mainz, April 2017 based on joint works with Marisa Fernandez, Luis Ugarte & Dimiter Vassilev-JHEP-2014,Comm.Math.Phys.-2015 1The author is partially supported by Contract DFNI I02/4/2014 and Contract 195/2016 with the University of Sofia ”St. Klment Ohridski” (Institute) 1 / 27 Heterotic supergravity The bosonic fields of the ten-dimensional supergravity which arises as low energy effective theory of the heterotic string are: i) the spacetime metric g; ii) the NS three-form field strength (flux) H; iii) the dilaton φ; iv) the gauge connection A with curvature 2-form F A. ; − The bosonic geometry is of the form R1 9 d × Md . The bosonic fields are non-trivial only on Md , d ≤ 8. ± g 1 g The two torsion connections r = r ± 2 H; r is the Levi-Civita connection of the Riemannian metric g. Both connections preserve the metric, r±g = 0 and have totally skew-symmetric torsion ±H, respectively. Rg ; R± - the corresponding curvatures. (Institute) 2 / 27 The action and equations of motion The bosonic part of the ten-dimensional supergravity action in the string frame is ( R = R−) 1 Z h 1 α0 i S = d10xp−ge−2φ Scalg + 4(rg φ)2 − jHj2 − TrjF Aj2) − TrjRj2 : 2k 2 2 4 The string frame field equations (the equations of motion) are; 0 g 1 mn g g α h A A mab mnq i Ric − HimnH + 2r r φ − (F )imab(F ) − Rimnq R = 0; ij 4 j i j 4 j j (1) g −2φ i + −2φ A i ri (e Hjk ) = 0; ri (e (F )j ) = 0: The field equation of the dilaton φ is implied from the first two equations above. The Green-Schwarz anomaly cancellation mechanism requires that the three-form Bianchi identity receives an α0 correction of the form α0 α0 dH = 8π2(p (Md ) − p (E)) = Tr(R ^ R) − Tr(F A ^ F A) ; (2) 4 1 1 4 d d where p1(M ) and p1(E) are the first Pontrjagin forms of M with respect to a connection r with curvature R and the vector bundle E with connection A; (Institute) 3 / 27 Heterotic supersymmetry and the Strominger system A heterotic geometry preserves supersymmetry iff there exists at least one Majorana-Weyl spinor such that the following Killing-spinor equations hold g 1 np + δλ = rm = r + HmnpΓ = r = 0; m 4 m 1 mnp 1 (3) δΨ = Γ @mφ − HmnpΓ = (dφ − H) · = 0; 12 2 A mn A δξ = FmnΓ = F · = 0; λ, Ψ; ξ are the gravitino, the dilatino and the gaugino fields, Γi generate the Clifford algebra fΓi ; Γj g = 2gij · means Clifford action of forms on spinors. THE STROMINGER SYSTEM The system of Killing spinor equations (3) together with the anomaly cancellation condition (2) is known as the Strominger system. - The last equation in (3) is the instanton condition which means that the curvature F A is contained in a Lie algebra of a Lie group which is a stabilizer of a non-trivial spinor. - In dimension 7 this group is G2. Denoting the G2 three-form by Θ, the G2-instanton condition has the form 7 X A i (F )j (Ek ; El )Θ(Ek ; El ; Em) = 0: (4) k;l=1 (Institute) 4 / 27 Heterotic supersymmetry and equations of motion In the presence of a curvature term Tr(R ^ R) the solutions of the Strominger system (3), (2) obey the second and the third equations of motion (the second and the third equations in (1)) but do not always satisfy the Einstein equations of motion. Theorem (Iv, Phys.Lett. 2010) The solutions of the Strominger system ((3) and (2)) also solve the heterotic supersymmetric equations of motion (1) if and only if the curvature R of the connection on the tangent bundle is an instanton in dimensions 5,6,7,8. In dimension 7, R is required to be an G2-instanton. The result was re-proved by Martelli, Sparks ’11, de la Ossa et all ’14 with different proofs which holds for all dimensions. The physically relevant connection on the tangent bundle to be considered in (2), (1) is the (−)-connection, Bergshoeff, de Roo’ 89, Hull’ 86. - Reason: the curvature R− is an instanton up to the first order of α0. - a consequence of the first equation in (3), (2) and the well known identity 1 R+(X; Y ; Z; U) − R−(Z ; U; X; Y ) = dH(X; Y ; Z ; U): (5) 2 Indeed, (2) together with (5) imply R+(X; Y ; Z ; U) − R−(Z ; U; X; Y ) = O(α0): + + The first equation in (3) yields the holonomy group of r is contained in G2, i.e. R (X; Y ) ⊂ g2. Therefore R− satisfies the instanton condition (4) up to the first order of α0. (Institute) 5 / 27 The dimension 7, G2 structures + In dimension seven Hol(r ) has to be contained in the exceptional group G2. - The precise conditions to have a solution to the gravitino Killing spinor equation in D=7 are: - There exists a parallel spinor with respect to a G2-connection with torsion 3-form T iff there exists an integrable G2-structure Θ, d ∗ Θ = θ7 ^ ∗Θ; 3θ7 = − ∗ (∗dΘ ^ Θ) = ∗(∗d ∗ Θ ^ ∗Θ); θ7 − the Lee form The connection r+ is unique and the torsion 3-form T is given by the formula (Fridrich-Iv’01) 1 7 H = T = 6 (dΘ; ∗Θ) Θ − ∗dΘ + ∗(θ ^ Θ): - The necessary conditions to have a solution to the dilatino and gravitino Killing spinor equations in D=7 were derived in Gauntlett et all’01, and the sufficiency was proved in Fridrich- Iv,01. - There exists a solution to both dilatino and gravitino Killing spinor equations in D=7 iff there exists a G2-structure (Θ; g) satisfying the equations d ∗ Θ = θ7 ^ ∗Θ; dΘ ^ Θ = 0; θ7 = −2dφ. The torsion 3-form (the flux H) is given by H = T = − ∗ dΘ − 2 ∗ (dφ ^ Θ) g 2 1 2 the Riemannian scalar curvature is given by s = 8jjdφjj − 12 jjT jj − 6 δdφ ¯ − 3 φ −φ - The solution exists exactly when the G2-structure (Θ = e 2 Θ; g¯ = e g) obeys the equations d∗¯Θ¯ = dΘ¯ ^ Θ¯ = 0; i.e., a SOLUTION WITH CONSTANT DILATON, θ7 = 0 = dφ. (Institute) 6 / 27 The geometric model in D=7, Fernandez-Iv-Ugarte-Villacampa’11 A geometric model which fits the above structures - a certain T3-bundle over a Calabi-Yau surface. 4 - Let Γi , 1 ≤ i ≤ 3, be three closed ANTI-SELF-DUAL 2-forms on a Calabi-Yau surface M , which represent integral cohomology classes. p 4 - Let !1 and !2 + −1!3 be the (closed) Kahler¨ form and the holomorphic volume form on M . ; ; - There is a compact 7-dimensional manifold M1 1 1 which is the total space of a T3-bundle over 4 M and has a G2-structure Θ = !1 ^ η1 + !2 ^ η2 − !3 ^ η3 + η1 ^ η2 ^ η3; solving the first two Killing spinor equations in (3) with CONSTANT DILATON in dimension 7, 1;1;1 where ηi , 1 ≤ i ≤ 3, is a 1-form on M such that dηi = Γi , 1 ≤ i ≤ 3. 4 1;1;1 - For any smooth function f on M , the G2-structure on M given by 2f h i Θf = e !1 ^ η1 + !2 ^ η2 − !3 ^ η3 + η1 ^ η2 ^ η3 solves the first two Killing spinor equations in (3) with non-constant dilaton φ = −2f . 2f - The metric has the form gf = e gcy + η1 ⊗ η1 + η2 ⊗ η2 + η3 ⊗ η3: - The ansatz guaranties solution to first two killing spinor equations. To achieve a smooth solution to the Strominger system we still have to determine an auxiliary vector bundle with an instanton and a linear connection on M1;1;1 in order to satisfy the anomaly cancellation condition (2). (Institute) 7 / 27 The quaternionic Heisenberg group - The seven dimensional quaternionic Heisenberg group G(H) is the connected simply connected Lie group determined by the Lie algebra g(H) with structure equations de1 = de2 = de3 = de4 = 0; 5 12 34 6 13 24 7 14 23 dγ = σ1 = e − e ; dγ = σ2 = e + e ; dγ = σ3 = e − e : 12 34 13 24 14 23 4 - Note σ1 = e − e , σ2 = e + e , σ3 = e − e are the three anti-self-dual 2-forms on R . - To obtain results in dimensions less than seven through contractions of g(H) consider the orbit of G(H) under the natural action of GL(3; R) on the span fγ5; γ6; γ7g. - The group KA is determined by the Lie algebra KA with structure equations: 0 1 3 a11 a12 a13 1 2 3 4 4+i X de = de = de = de = 0; de = aij σj ; A = @a21 a22 a23 A : j=1 a31 a32 a33 2 P3 2 - Denote the norm of A by jAj, jAj = i;j=1 aij . KA is isomorphic to g(H) then KA is isomorphic to G(H). 3 4 Any lattice ΓA gives rise to a (compact) nilmanifold MA = KA=ΓA, which is a T -bundle over a T whose connection 1-form is the anti-self-dual curvature on the four torus. (Institute) 8 / 27 The G2 structure on G(H)-constant dilaton Consider the G2-structure on the Lie group KA defined by the 3-form 7 5 6 567 Θ = !1 ^ e + !2 ^ e − !3 ^ e + e ; 12 34 13 24 14 23 !1 = e + e ;!2 = e − e ;!3 = e + e are the three closed self-dual 2-forms on R4.