Biology of the Chalcid Wasp, Megastimus Wachtli, and Its Relationship to Colonization of Cypress Seeds by the Tortricid Moth, Ps

Biology of the Chalcid Wasp, Megastimus wachtli, and Its Relationship to Colonization of Cypress Seeds by the Tortricid Moth, Pseudococcyx tessulatana, in Algeria Author(s): K. Bouaziz and A. Roques Source: Journal of Insect Science, 6(48):1-16. 2006. Published By: Entomological Society of America DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.1673/031.006.4801 URL: http://www.bioone.org/doi/full/10.1673/031.006.4801

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Biology of the chalcid wasp, Megastimus wachtli, and its relationship to colonization of cypress seeds by the tortricid moth, Pseudococcyx tessulatana, in Algeria

K. Bouaziz1 and A. Roques2 ($%LRPROpFXOHVHW%LRWHFKQRORJLHVYpJpWDOHV8)56FLHQFHV3KDUPDFHXWLTXHVDYHQXH0RQJH 7RXUV ,QVWLWXW1DWLRQDOGHOD5HFKHUFKH$JURQRPLTXH,15$&5)=RRORJLH)RUHVWLqUH$UGRQ) 2OLYHW)UDQFH

Abstract 7KHELRORJ\RI Megastimus wachtli 6HLWQHU +\PHQRSWHUD7RU\PLGDH ZDVIRXQGWREHVLPLODUWRRWKHU VSHFLHVRI Megastigmus'XULQJWKHSHULRGRIIOLJKWWKDWODVWHGVL[ZHHNVIURPWKHEHJLQQLQJRI 6HSWHPEHUWRPLG2FWREHU M. wachtli ODLGHJJVLQF\SUHVV Cupressus sempervirens /3LQDOHV &XSUHVVDFHDH FRQHVDQGVKRZHGSUHIHUHQFHVIRURYLSRVLWLRQRQSDUWLFXODUVLWHVRQFRQHV M. wachtli KDVDKLJKSRWHQWLDOIRUFRORQL]DWLRQEHFDXVHLWKDVHYROXWLRQDU\DGYDQWDJHVGXHWRLWVGHYHORSPHQWDO SRVVLELOLWLHVLQFOXGLQJLWVFDSDFLW\IRUSDUWKHQRJHQHVLVLWVIHFXQGLW\DQGORQJHYLW\,WJHQHUDOO\GLGQRW DWWDFNFRQHVFRORQL]HGE\WKHWRUWLFLGPRWK Pseudococcyx tessulatana /HSLGRSWHUD7RUWULFLGDH 7KH FRPSHWLWLRQEHWZHHQWKHVHVSHFLHVIRUXVHRIF\SUHVVFRQHVVXJJHVWVWKDWWKH\XVHGLIIHUHQWVWUDWHJLHVIRU GLIIHUHQWVSHFLHVRIF\SUHVV7KHQXPEHURILQVHFWVWKDWFRXOGGHYHORSUHODWLYHWRWKHQXPEHURIFRQHV DYDLODEOHDOVRYDULHVEHWZHHQVSHFLHVRIF\SUHVV

Résumé /¶pWXGHGHODELRORJLHGH Megastimuswachtli +\PHQRSWHUD7RU\PLGDH QRXVDSHUPLVGHGpPRQWUHU TXHODIHPHOOHGH M. wachtli Q¶HVWSDVGLIIpUHQWHGHVHVSqFHVYRLVLQHVGH Megastigmus/DGXUpHGHYROH GH M. wachtli V¶pWDOHVXUVHPDLQHVGXGpEXWVHSWHPEUHjODPLRFWREUHHWYDULHVXLYDQWOHVFRQGLWLRQV FOLPDWLTXHV/¶HVSqFH M. wachtli SUpVHQWHGHVSRWHQWLDOLWpVG¶DWWDTXHVWUqVpOHYpHVFDUHOOHDGHV DYDQWDJHVpYROXWLIVTXLOXLSHUPHWWHQWGHVHPDLQWHQLUHWG¶DYRLUXQHJUDQGHGLYHUVLWpGXIDLWVHV SRVVLELOLWpVGHGpYHORSSHPHQW2QSHXWUpYpOHUVDORQJpYLWppOHYpHVDIpFRQGLWpVDFDSDFLWpGH SDUWKpQRJHQqVH DUUKpQRWRTXH /HVDWWDTXHVGH Pseudococcyx tessulatana /HSLGRSWHUD7RUWULFLGDH HWGXFKDOFLGLHQVHPEOHQWjDYRLUWHQGDQFHjPXWXHOOHPHQWV¶H[FOXUH&HTXLVXJJqUHO¶H[LVWHQFHGH FRPSRVpVDQWLRYLSRVLWLRQ2QSHXWVXJJpUHUHQFHTXLFRQFHUQHODFRPSpWLWLRQLQWHUHWLQWUDVSpFLILTXH GDQVO¶XWLOLVDWLRQGHODUHVVRXUFHF{QHPrPHVLOHVLQGLFHVXWLOLVpV QRPEUHHWSRVLWLRQGHVWURXVGH VRUWLHV GRQQHQWTX¶XQHYLVLRQLPSDUIDLWHGHVSURFHVVXVG¶DWWDTXHVTX¶LOH[LVWHGHVGLIIpUHQFHVGH VWUDWpJLHGDQVO¶RFFXSDWLRQGHO¶HVSDFHVHORQOHVHVSqFHVHWVHORQO¶DERQGDQFHGHVLQVHFWHVUHODWLYHPHQWj FHOOHGHOHXUK{WH

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Table 25HVXOWLQJHPHUJHQFHRIPDOHVDQGIHPDOHVRIWKH F\SUHVVVHHGFKDOFLG Megastigmus wachtliIURPHJJVODLG LQVHHGVRI Cupressus sempervirens E\XQIHUWLOL]HGIHPDOH M. wachtli

Figure 36H[UDWLRRIWKH Megastigmus wachtli DGXOWVWKDW Number of emerging adults/trap Parents/Dates of HPHUJHGGXULQJWKHVXPPHUIURPVHHGVFROOHFWHG FemalesMales Dates of emergence GXULQJWKHVSULQJRIWKDW\HDUDQGWKHDXWXPQRI'DWD infestations IHUWLOL]HGIHPDOHV IRUDQGZHUHIURPVHHGVFROOHFWHGGXULQJWKH VXPPHURIWKHVH\HDUV IURPWR 5DGLRJUDSK\ RI WKH VHHGV DOORZHG WKH H[DPLQDWLRQ RI ODWHU GHYHORSPHQW RI ODUYDH GXULQJ FRQH YLUJLQIHPDOHV PDWXUDWLRQ /DUYDO GHYHORSPHQW SURFHHGHG HQWLUHO\ LQ D VLQJOH VHHG 7KH ODUYD LQLWLDOO\ IHUWLOL]HGIHPDOHV GHYHORSHG DW WKH H[SHQVH RI WKH FRW\OHGRQV DQG LW VWDUWHG WR FRQVXPH VHHG HQGRVSHUP WKH IROORZLQJ IURPWR VSULQJ 6LPLODU UHVXOWV ZHUH REVHUYHG SUHYLRXVO\ 5RTXHV 5RTXHV HW 5DLPEDXOW *XLGR HW DO /DUYDH RI M. wachtli VHHPHG DEOH WR YLUJLQIHPDOHV GHYHORS LQ QRQIHUWLOL]HG RYXOHV DV *XLGR HW DO VXJJHVWHG EXW ZH FRXOG QRW H[SHULPHQWDOO\ LQIHVW QRQIHUWLOL]HG RYXOHV LQ RUGHU WR WHVW WKLV DVVXPSWLRQ %RXD]L] DQG 5RTXHV XQSXEOLVKHG UHVXOWV 5RXDXOW HW DO K\SRWKHVL]H WKDW DOO 7KH HPHUJHQFH RI M. wachtli ZDV VSUHDG RXW RYHU VSHFLHV RI 0HJDVWLJPXV DVVRFLDWHG ZLWK 3LQDFHDH ZHHNV IURP WKH EHJLQQLQJ RI 6HSWHPEHU WR FDQ RYLSRVLW LQ XQIHUWLOL]HG RYXOHV ZKHUHDV WKRVH PLG2FWREHU )LJXUH (PHUJHQFH RI PDOHV ZDV H[SORLWLQJ &XSUHVVDFHDH FDQQRW DQG WKXV RYLSRVLW HDUOLHU DV RI PDOHV HPHUJHG EHIRUH WKH VW RI RQO\ LQ DOUHDG\ IXOO\ GHYHORSHG IHUWLOL]HG VHHGV 6HSWHPEHU FRPSDUHG WR WKH UG RI 6HSWHPEHU IRU

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RI IHPDOHV 7KHVH HPHUJHQFHV ZHUH ODWHU WKDQ RFFXU RYHU ZHHNV DQG WKH LQVHFWV FDQ OLYH XS WR WKRVH REVHUYHG LQ WKH QDWXUDO VLWHV LQ *UHHFH DQG GD\VXQGHUQDWXUDOFRQGLWLRQV LQ )UDQFH EXW HDUOLHU WKDQ WKRVH RI 7XQLVLD 5RTXHVHWDO Insect damage to cones 3HVW GDPDJH YDULHG ZLWK VWDQG F\SUHVV VSHFLHV DQG VWDJHV RI FRQH GHYHORSPHQW 7DEOH 'DPDJH UHVXOWHG PRVWO\ IURP IHHGLQJ E\ M. wachtli ZKLFK GRPLQDWHG WKH SHVW FRPSOH[ LQ RI WKH VWDQGV DQG GHVWUR\HG XS WR RI \HDUROG FRQHV DQG RI \HDUROG FRQHV RI C. sempervirens RI \HDUROG FRQHV RI C. arizonica, DQG RI \HDUROG FRQHV RI C. glabra ,Q PRVW RI WKH VWDQGV WKH DYHUDJH SHUFHQWDJH RI WUHHV WKDW ZHUH DWWDFNHG E\ M. wachtli YDULHG VLJQLILFDQWO\ 6RPH WUHHV ZHUH IUHH RI KHDY\ DWWDFNV ZKHUHDV RWKHUV KDG PRUH WKDQ RI WKHLU FRQHV FRORQL]HG DV REVHUYHG IRU WKH C. arizonica VWDQG ) 3 WKH DUWLILFLDO SDUFHO RI C. sempervirens ) 3 DQG WKH KHGJH ) 3 2Q WKH RWKHU KDQG QR VLJQLILFDQW Figure 4$GXOWVORQJHYLW\RIDF\SUHVVVHHGFKDOFLG GLIIHUHQFH LQ WUHH DWWDFN E\ FKDOFLGV ZDV REVHUYHG Megastigmus wachtli HPHUJHGIURPVHHG\LHOGRI RQWUHHVRIWKH C. sempervirens QDWXUDOVWDQG \HDUROGFRQHV Cupressus sempervirens LQ6HSWHPEHU D LQILHOGSODFHGLQWRUHDULQJER[HVVWRUHGLQDQRXWGRRU LQVHFWDU\DW%DwQHPDQGQRXULVKHGZLWKKRQH\ZDWHU E Table 45HJUHVVLRQDQDO\VLVRIFRQHVDWWDFNE\ M. wachtli EUHHGLQJXQGHUODERUDWRU\FRQGLWLRQV DQG P. tessulatana

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Table 3&RQHFURSDEXQGDQFHDQGSHVWGDPDJHWRF\SUHVVVHHGFRQHVRIGLIIHUHQWDJHVFROOHFWHGEHWZHHQDQG LQWKH%DwQHPDUERUHWXP

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Figure 8'LVWULEXWLRQRIWKHHPHUJHQFHKROHVRI Pseudococcyx tessulatana RIWKHFRQHVRI Cupressus sempervirens

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Table 59DULDQFHDQDO\VLVRI M. wachtli DQG P. tessulatana HPHUJHQFHKROHVUHSDUWLWLRQRQWKH C. sempervirens OHQJWKHQHGVKDSHGFRQHV

Megastimus wachtli Pseudococcyx tessulatana Cone scales Cones with less than 10 holes Cones with more than 10 holes Scales Mean (±SD) Scales Mean (±SD) Scales Mean (±SD) E E ,QIHULRU6FDOHV E E D E 0HGLXP,QIHULRU6FDOHV D E E 0HGLXP6XSHULRU6FDOHV E E 6XSHULRU6FDOHV E ) ) ) 3 3 3

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Table 69DULDQFHDQDO\VLVRI M. wachtli DQG P. Tessulatana HPHUJHQFHKROHVUHSDUWLWLRQRQWKHFRQHVRI C. arizonica arizonica DQG C. arizonica glabra

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