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History of Science and Technology: Unit: IV
History of science and Technology: Unit: IV Space research: It is scientific study carried out in outer space, and by studying outer space. From the use of space technology to the observable universe, space. Everyday benefits of space exploration • Improving our understanding of the human body. ... • Talking on cellular phones. ... • Satellites in our everyday lives. ... • Creating jobs in technology. ... • Taking action on climate change. ... • Making scientific discoveries. ... • Performing risky surgical procedures. ... • Getting young people interested in science Importance of space research: In the past four decades, space science and technology freed human beings from the confines of Earth. ... The peaceful uses of outer space provided a powerful tool for bringing about global cooperation and furthering of the well-being of humanity and the Earth's environment. Rockets: The United states and the soviet union created their own missile programs. The space research field evolved as scientific investigation based on advancing rocket technology. In 1948–1949 detectors on V-2 rocket flights detected x-rays from the Sun. Sounding rocketshelped show us the structure of the upper atmosphere. As higher altitudes were reached, space physics emerged as a field of research with studies of Earths aurora, ionosphere and magnetosphere. Artificial satellites The first artificial satellite, Russian Sputnik 1, launched on October 4, 1957, four months before the United States first, Explorer 1. The major discovery of satellite research was in 1958, when Explorer 1 detected the Van Allen radiation belts. Planetology reached a new stage with the Russian Luna programme between 1959 and 1976, a series of lunar probes which gave us evidence of the Moons chemical composition, gravity, temperature, soil samples, the first photographs of the far side of the Moon by LUNA 3, and the first remotely controlled robots (Lunokhod to land on another planetary body. -
Einstein's Geometrical Versus Feynman's Quantum-Field
Universe 2020, 6(11), 212; doi:10.3390/universe6110212 Einstein’s Geometrical Versus Feynman’s Quantum-Field Approaches to Gravity Physics: Testing by Modern Multimessenger Astronomy Yurij Baryshev 1, ∗ 1Astronomy Department, Mathematics & Mechanics Faculty, Saint Petersburg State University, 28 Universitetskiy Prospekt, 198504 St. Petersburg, Russia Modern multimessenger astronomy delivers unique opportunity for performing crucial ob- servations that allow for testing the physics of the gravitational interaction. These tests include detection of gravitational waves by advanced LIGO-Virgo antennas, Event Horizon Telescope observations of central relativistic compact objects (RCO) in active galactic nuclei (AGN), X-ray spectroscopic observations of Fe Kα line in AGN, Galactic X-ray sources mea- surement of masses and radiuses of neutron stars, quark stars, and other RCO. A very impor- tant task of observational cosmology is to perform large surveys of galactic distances indepen- dent on cosmological redshifts for testing the nature of the Hubble law and peculiar velocities. Forthcoming multimessenger astronomy, while using such facilities as advanced LIGO-Virgo, Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), ALMA, WALLABY, JWST, EUCLID, and THESEUS, can elucidate the relation between Einstein’s geometrical and Feynman’s quantum-field ap- proaches to gravity physics and deliver a new possibilities for unification of gravitation with other fundamental quantum physical interactions. Keywords: gravitation; cosmology; multimessenger astronomy; quantum physics. arXiv:1702.02020v3 [physics.gen-ph] 4 Dec 2020 ∗ Electronic address: [email protected]; [email protected] 2 Contents 1. Introduction 5 1.1. Key Discoveries of Modern Multimessenger Astronomy 6 1. Gravitational Waves 6 2. Imaging of Black Holes Candidates: Relativistic Jets and Disks 7 3. -
FY13 High-Level Deliverables
National Optical Astronomy Observatory Fiscal Year Annual Report for FY 2013 (1 October 2012 – 30 September 2013) Submitted to the National Science Foundation Pursuant to Cooperative Support Agreement No. AST-0950945 13 December 2013 Revised 18 September 2014 Contents NOAO MISSION PROFILE .................................................................................................... 1 1 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ................................................................................................ 2 2 NOAO ACCOMPLISHMENTS ....................................................................................... 4 2.1 Achievements ..................................................................................................... 4 2.2 Status of Vision and Goals ................................................................................. 5 2.2.1 Status of FY13 High-Level Deliverables ............................................ 5 2.2.2 FY13 Planned vs. Actual Spending and Revenues .............................. 8 2.3 Challenges and Their Impacts ............................................................................ 9 3 SCIENTIFIC ACTIVITIES AND FINDINGS .............................................................. 11 3.1 Cerro Tololo Inter-American Observatory ....................................................... 11 3.2 Kitt Peak National Observatory ....................................................................... 14 3.3 Gemini Observatory ........................................................................................ -
L[Ndlian National Congress 1936· 31
l[ndlian National Congress 1936· 31 I BEING THE RESOLUTIONS PASSED BY THE CONGRESS, THE ALL INDIA CONGRESS COMMITTEE AND THE WORKING COMMITTEE DURING THE PERIOD BETWEE..~ APRIL, 1936 TO JANUARY, 1938 Pl!bli~hed by J. B. Kripalani, General Secretary, All India Congress Committee, Su·.uaj Bhau·an, Allahabad CONTENTS PAGES All India Congress Committee· Meetings .. 1-2.0 \\'orking Committee Meetings •. u-84 Annual Sessions 85-98 Index .. 99-105 / (ALL INDIA CONGRESS COMMITIEE MEETING Bomba)', August 22 tma 23, 1936 \ _I SuMMARY OF Pllocnorncs FIRST DAY'S PROCEEDINGS The following two condolence resolutions were moved from the Chair and passed, all standing. 1. DR. M. A. ANSAIU This Committee records its sense of irreparable loss to ' the national cause by the sudden and premature death of Dr. M. A. Ansari, a dear and nlued comrade, and tenders to the bereaved family its sincere sympathy and condolence. 2. SHRI ABBAS TYABJI The Committee records its heartfelt sorrow over the pssing away of Shri Abbu Tyabji, the Grand Old Man of Gujrat, l:hose services and brave sacrifices endeared him to the nation, and tenders its sincere condolence to Mrs. Tyabji and other members of the family. N. W.F.P. The following resolutions were also moved from the Chair and passed: 1. KH.o\N ABDt:L GHAFF All KHAN "The Committee expresses its indignation at the orden of the Government concerned prohibitin"g Khan Abdul Ghaffar Khln from entering into or remaining in the N. ~7 • F. P. and the Punjab and notes "''ith regret the continuation cf their policy of surrression of civil liberty of individuals eng2ged in national acti\'ities. -
Bhakti Movement
TELLINGS AND TEXTS Tellings and Texts Music, Literature and Performance in North India Edited by Francesca Orsini and Katherine Butler Schofield http://www.openbookpublishers.com © Francesca Orsini and Katherine Butler Schofield. Copyright of individual chapters is maintained by the chapters’ authors. This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license (CC BY 4.0). This license allows you to share, copy, distribute and transmit the work; to adapt the work and to make commercial use of the work providing attribution is made to the author (but not in any way that suggests that they endorse you or your use of the work). Attribution should include the following information: Orsini, Francesca and Butler Schofield, Katherine (eds.), Tellings and Texts: Music, Literature and Performance in North India. Cambridge, UK: Open Book Publishers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.11647/OBP.0062 Further details about CC BY licenses are available at http://creativecommons.org/ licenses/by/4.0/ In order to access detailed and updated information on the license, please visit: http://www.openbookpublishers.com/isbn/9781783741021#copyright All external links were active on 22/09/2015 and archived via the Internet Archive Wayback Machine: https://archive.org/web/ Digital material and resources associated with this volume are available at http:// www.openbookpublishers.com/isbn/9781783741021#resources ISBN Paperback: 978-1-78374-102-1 ISBN Hardback: 978-1-78374-103-8 ISBN Digital (PDF): 978-1-78374-104-5 ISBN Digital ebook (epub): 978-1-78374-105-2 ISBN Digital ebook (mobi): 9978-1-78374-106-9 DOI: 10.11647/OBP.0062 King’s College London has generously contributed to the publication of this volume. -
Arxiv:2007.04414V1 [Astro-Ph.CO] 8 Jul 2020 Bution of Matter on Large Scales Is Inferred from Tion)
Key words: large scale structure of universe | galaxies: distances and redshifts Draft version July 10, 2020 Typeset using LATEX preprint2 style in AASTeX62 Cosmicflows-3: The South Pole Wall Daniel Pomarede,` 1 R. Brent Tully,2 Romain Graziani,3 Hel´ ene` M. Courtois,4 Yehuda Hoffman,5 and Jer´ emy´ Lezmy4 1Institut de Recherche sur les Lois Fondamentales de l'Univers, CEA Universit´eParis-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France 2Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii, 2680 Woodlawn Drive, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA 3Laboratoire de Physique de Clermont, Universit Clermont Auvergne, Aubire, France 4University of Lyon, UCB Lyon 1, CNRS/IN2P3, IUF, IP2I Lyon, France 5Racah Institute of Physics, Hebrew University, Jerusalem, 91904 Israel ABSTRACT Velocity and density field reconstructions of the volume of the universe within 0:05c derived from the Cosmicflows-3 catalog of galaxy distances has revealed the presence of a filamentary structure extending across ∼ 0:11c. The structure, at a characteristic redshift of 12,000 km s−1, has a density peak coincident with the celestial South Pole. This structure, the largest contiguous feature in the local volume and comparable to the Sloan Great Wall at half the distance, is given the name the South Pole Wall. 1. INTRODUCTION ble of measurements: to a first approximation The South Pole Wall rivals the Sloan Great Vpec = Vobs − H0d. Although uncertainties with Wall in extent, at a distance a factor two individual galaxies are large, the analysis bene- closer. The iconic structures that have trans- fits from the long range correlated nature of the formed our understanding of large scale struc- cosmic flow, allowing the reconstruction of the ture have come from the observed distribution 3D velocity field from noisy, finite and incom- of galaxies assembled from redshift surveys: the plete data (Zaroubi et al. -
PT-365-Updated-Classroom-Material-March-May-20.Pdf
Dear Students, Hope your preparation is going well. We wish to communicate our plan, at part of PT 365, for the upcoming prelims examination. Given that Prelims examination is now scheduled for 4th October, we will be covering current affairs till the month of August in the following manner - • PT 365 Updation - o Coverage - Current affairs for the months of March, April and May • PT 365 Extended - o Tentative date of release - 10th September o Coverage - Current affairs for the months of June, July and August Hope these documents help you in boosting your preparation and building up your confidence further as you wind up your preparations. Best Wishes Team Vision IAS Table of Contents 1. POLITY AND CONSTITUTION __________ 4 2.2.2. Organisation for the Prohibition of Chemical 1.1. Issues Related to Constitution ________ 4 Weapons _____________________________ 15 1.1.1. Right to Property____________________ 4 2.2.3. Multilateral Development Banks ______ 15 1.1.2. Reservation in Scheduled Areas ________ 4 2.2.4. WHO ____________________________ 16 1.1.3. Jammu & Kashmir Domicile Rules_______ 5 2.2.4.1. World Health Assembly (WHA) ____ 16 1.1.4. Constitutional Articles in News _________ 5 2.2.4.2. WHO executive board ___________ 16 1.2. Issues Related to Functioning of 2.2.4.3. World Health Organization Funding 16 Parliament/ State Legislature/Local 2.3. International Events _______________ 17 2.3.1. UN75 ___________________________ 17 Government __________________________ 6 2.3.2. Open Skies Treaty __________________ 17 1.2.1. Rajya Sabha Elections ________________ 6 2.3.3. -
Vayu Issue V Sep Oct 2016
V/2016 Aerospace & Defence Review The Indian Air Force at 84 Dassault Rafales Ordered Saving the Tejas Challenges and Opportunities Smarter Eyes in Skies Securing of Air Power Aerial Threats & Defences Lockheed Martin FOR INDIA. FROM INDIA. EXPORTED TO THE WORLD. AT LOCKHEED MARTIN, WE’RE ENGINEERING A BETTER TOMORROW. © 2016 LOCKHEED MARTIN CORPORATION Live: H: NA Trim: H: 280mm W: 215mm Job Number: FG16-03934T Designer: Kevin Gray Bleed: H: 286mm W: 221mm Publication: Vayu Aerospace Q/A: Becky Maddux Gutter: None Visual: F-16 India Communicator: Carla Krivanek Resolution: 300 DPI Country: India Due Date: 7/13/16 Density: 300 Color Space: CMYK V/2016 V/2016 Aerospace & Defence Review The IAF at 84: Securing India’s This second part of the articles, covers 36 62 Vayu’s visit to Airbus Defence & Interview with CAS Air Power Space in Germany, that to the Airbus Helicopters site at Donauworth in Germany, engaged in production of several rotorcraft including the Tiger The Indian Air Force at 84 and NH90. Dassault Rafales Ordered Saving the Tejas Challenges and Opportunities Smarter Eyes in Skies Securing of Air Power Aerial Threats & Defences 92 Smarter Eyes Cover: Dassault Rafale, the IAF’s new generation in the Skies multi role combat aircraft (photo: Dassault) In his exclusive interview with Vayu, Air Air Vice Marshal Manmohan Bahadur Chief Marshal Arup Raha gives answers of the Centre for Air Power Studies, EDITORIAL PANEL to various questions on state of the IAF lays down the Master Document, today and imminent acquisitions of new considered the Indian Union War Book, MANAGING EDITOR generation fighters – and much else. -
Aerospace and Defence Glossary | Select News Items | Regulatory | Direct Tax | Indirect Tax | Contact Us Editorial
April 2019 Cutting Edge: Aerospace and Defence Glossary | Select news items | Regulatory | Direct Tax | Indirect Tax | Contact us Editorial The Government has allocated an all-time high of Defence (MoD). Moreover, provisions such as budget of more than INR3 lakh crores (US$ 43.4 to detailed calculation of Late Delivery (LD) and defining meet the requirements of modernisation programmes the date of delivery in Standard Contract Documents initiated on defence platforms. The Interim Defence will increase the transparency of the process. Inclusion Budget for 2019-20 has seen an increase of 6.87% of Defence Public Sector Undertaking (DPSUs) and over last year’s Budget and accounts for 9.3% of the private sector along with the Ordnance Factory the total Budget allocation. It constitutes 1.44 % of Board (OFB) for cases relating to Buyer Nominated India’s GDP, and seems inadequate in view of the dire Equipment (BNE) is a step taken toward providing a security-related hazards being faced in India and its level playing field to all participants in the domestic neighbourhood. However, we are happy to note that defence ecosystem. A significant amendment made Dear readers, unlike in previous years, when the capital allocated to in December 2018 was the provision made for the defence sector was not fully utilised, the Interim benchmarking by a costing committee. According Greetings for the fourth quarter of 2018-19! Budget 2019 revealed that the entire capital allocation to the provision, concurrent benchmarking would of almost INR94,000 crores (US$ 14.7) for last year be carried out by a Costing Committee headed I am delighted and proud to present the 40th edition was actually spent on making requisite acquisitions. -
Marathon Questions
MARATHON QUESTIONS Marathon S. No. Title Page No. 1 August 2 2 September 15 3 October 28 4 November 42 5 December 55 6 January 68 F o l l o w u s : YouTube, Website, Telegram, Instagram, Facebook. Page | 1 MARATHON QUESTIONS August 1. Which organization has extended a USD 250-million line of credit to Mozambique or improving power supply quality in the country? A) IMF B) NDB C) EXIM Bank D) ADB E) World Bank Answer: C) EXIM Bank 2. ICC Men's T20 World Cup 2022 will be held in Australia. In which day its final will happen? A) 13 November B) 17 November C) 15 November D) 19 November E) 21 November Answer: A) 13 November 3. Which company has signed the agreement with Maharashtra for introducing digital education tools in schools across the state? A) Amazon B) Snapdeal C) Google D) Microsoft E) Flipkart Answer: C) Google 4. Piyush Chanana has been awarded the Neilom Prize for 2019. He is related to which IIT? A) IIT Bombay B) IIT Hyderabad C) IIT Delhi D) IIT Madras E) IIT Kanpur Answer: C) IIT Delhi F o l l o w u s : YouTube, Website, Telegram, Instagram, Facebook. Page | 2 MARATHON QUESTIONS 5. Airtel Payment Bank ties up with Bharti AXA General Insurance to offer Shop Insurance. What is the minimum amount of this insurance? A) 1 lakh B) 2 lakhs C) 3 lakhs D) 4 lakhs E) 5 lakhs Answer: B) 2 lakhs 6. Which state government launches mobile RT-PCR covid-19 testing lab would help ramp up testing in the state? A) Uttar Pradesh B) Mizoram C) Karnataka D) Rajasthan E) Andhra Pradesh Answer: C) Karnataka 7. -
April 2020 Monthly Current Affairs Magazine
2020 In-focus April 2020 Monthly Current Affairs Magazine www.helloscholar.in ©helloscholar Global military expenditure report by SIPRI (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute) ........................................................ 27 Contents US Commission on International Religious Freedom (USCIRF) report ............................... 28 Important apps launched by Government to North Pole’s largest ozone hole closed ........... 29 fight COVID-19 ................................................ 3 Eleventh session of Petersberg Climate Dialogue National News ................................................. 4 ...................................................................... 30 International News .......................................... 9 Uttar Pradesh Epidemic Disease Control Awards ...........................................................11 Ordinance 2020 ............................................. 31 Economy ........................................................12 US Navy to host world’s largest maritime exercises RIMPAC 2020 in Hawaii ................ 32 Obituaries ......................................................15 – Gk related to current affairs ........................... 33 Days and Dates ...............................................15 G20 ................................................................ 33 Appointments ................................................16 PM Narendra Modi launched e-Gram Swaraj & Sports .............................................................17 Swamitva Yojana -
CURRICULUM VITAE Abraham Loeb Field of Research
CURRICULUM VITAE Abraham Loeb Field of Research: Theoretical Astrophysics and Cosmology Family: Married to Dr. Ofrit Liviatan and father to daughters Klil and Lotem Work Address: Harvard University 60 Garden Street, MS-51 Cambridge, MA 02138, USA Phone: (617) 496-6808; Fax: (617) 495-7093 E-mail: [email protected]; URL: http://cfa-www.harvard.edu/∼loeb/ Academic Degrees 1986 Ph.D. in Physics 1985 M.Sc. in Physics 1983 B.Sc. in Physics and Mathematics The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel Thesis Titles Ph.D.“Particle Acceleration to High Energies and Amplification of Coher- ent Radiation by Electromagnetic Interactions in Plasmas” M.Sc.“Analytical Models for the Evolution of Strong Shock Waves Gener- ated by High Irradiance Lasers in Solids and Fast Spark Discharges” Positions Held 2021– Member of the Center for Astrophysics Executive Board. 2018–2021 Chair of the Board on Physics & Astronomy of the National Academies, USA. 2016-2018 Vice chair of the Board on Physics & Astronomy of the National Academies, USA. 2016 Founding Director of the Black Hole Initiative, Harvard University. 2016– Chair of the Advisory Committee for Breakthrough Starshot, Break- through Prize Foundation. 2015– Affiliate of the Center of Mathematical Sciences and Applications, Harvard University. 1 2015– Science Theory Director for the Breakthrough Initiatives Projects of the Breakthrough Prize Foundation. 2012– Frank B. Baird Jr. Professor of Science, Harvard University. 2011– Chair, Harvard Astronomy department (http://astronomy.fas.harvard.edu/). 2011– Sackler Senior Visiting Professor, School of Physics and Astron- omy, Tel Aviv University. 2007– Director, Institute for Theory and Computation (ITC), Harvard University (http://www.cfa.harvard.edu/itc/).