DOCSLIB.ORG

High Schools *Marine Science Curric

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

ED 245 92'5,- AUTHOR,_. - Irby BoBby'14. Coup.. - And Others 7.7fTLE, DiVersitii of Marine Plants. Man' and the Gulf of MexisO Series. "'- - . 'Mississippi-Alabama Sea, Grant'Consortium,.ftean Springs, Miss. , , SPOWS,AGENCY :1Nati-onal Oceanic and 4tmospheric Administration (DOC)I, hodkville, Md:.National Sea Grant Program. $ REPORT 1M:1N-0-'87805-204-6r MASGP-82-007(3) PUB 84 - GRANT. -NA81AA-D-00050 NOTE .125p.; Fox bther, volumes in this series, see ED 239 869-970 and SE 044 658. AVAILABLE FROMUniversitY Press of Mississippi, 3825 Ridgewood Rd., Jackspn, MS 39211. PUB TYPE Guides'- Classroom Use -Materials (For Learner) (051) --.Guides - Classroom Use,- Materials (For e Learner) (051) . --EDRS PRICE . MF01,Plus,Postage.' PC Not Available from EDRS. DESCRIPTORS *Botany; *Clussification; High Schools *Marine Biology; *Marine Education; Photosynthesis;41alit Identification; *Science Activities; Science Education; *Secondary School Science; Vocabulary. Skills; Wildlife, IDENTIFIERS' Alabama; Mississippi; *Plants (Botany) , ABSTRACT "Man , 'the Gulf of Mexico" (MGM) is, a marine science curriculr developed to meet the needs of 10th through 12th grade students 'in Mississippi and Alabama schools. This MGM unit on the diversity of marine plants is divided into 12sections. The first section introduces the unit by providing objectives and activities on why people classify things and on the use of a taxonomic key. The next 11 sections focus on: photosynethesis; algae; green algae; brown algae; red algae; golden brown algae; dinoflagellates; blue-green algae; marine bacteria; sea grasSes; and salt marshes. Each 'section includes a statement of the concept(s) to be learned, objectives, text material, and one or more science-aryd/or vocabulary activities. Objectives, procedures, apd a list of matersial.sneeded are provided for the science activitieswhich focds on: plant pigments; photosynthesis and'light; the role ofcarbon dioxide and oxygen in photosynthesis; diatbms;,and the kinds of alga& found 'around 'the coast of the pnited. States. Additional activities include constructing a plankton net, pressingalgae,identifying algae, staining bacteria, collecting and culturing marine bacteria, and taking a salt marsh field trip. (JN) *********************************************************************** Reproductions supplied by EDRS are the best that can be made from the original 'document. * ********************************************************.*************** 9 Published for the MISSISSIPPI-ALABAMA SEA GRANT CONSORTIUM by, the UNIVERSITY PRESS.: MISSISSIPPI Other titles in the Man and the Gulf of Mexico Series Marine Ind.Estuarine Ecology Marine Habitats Diversity of Marine Animals Copyright 1984 by the University'Press of Mississippi All rights reserved Manufactured in the United States of America Libraof-Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Main entry under title: Diversity of marine plants. (Man and the Gulf of Mexico series) Bibliography: p. Includes index. Summary: A highrschool textbook/workbook introducing various marine plants, their adaptive characteristics, and the interdependence of flora and fauna. 1. Marine floraEcology.' 2. Marine ecology. 3. Marine flora Mexico, Gulf ofEcology.4. Marine ecology Mexico, Gulf of.[IAAarine plants.2: Marine ecology.3. Ecology.4. MWo, Gulf of]I. Irby, Bobby N.II. Mississippi Alabama Sea Grant Consortium. HI. Series. QK931.D581984 581.92 83-16994 ISBN 0-87805-204-6 This publication is part of an educational series sponsored by NOAA Office of Sea Grant, U.$. Department of Commerce, under Grant Num- ber: NA81AA-D-00050, the Mississippi-Alabama Sea Grant Consortium, the University of Southern Mississippiand the University of South Ala- bama. The U.S. Government is authorized to produce and distribute re. prints for governmental purposes notwithstanding any copyright notation that may appear hereon. pgogcr :STAFF D Itobby-N. Irby P i ciRal Investigator- Chairman, De ent of Science Education Univers';,of Southern Mississippi ttiesburg, MS 39406 Dr. Malcolm K. McEweti\41 Evaluator and CurriculAm Consultant ,epartmenT, of Science Education University Of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg, MS 39406 °- r. Sbeliai A. Brown Associate Investigator, Curriculum -019nsultant University of Southern Mississippi Hattiesburg, MS 39406 Dr. Elizabeth M. Meek Associate Investigator Curriculum Consultant University of SouthAlabama Mobile, AL 36688 CONTRIBUTORS CLERKS . t Dr. Shelia A. Brown , - , Susan Stewart -0 Mr. Gerald C. Corcoran 1.". Maureen Corcoran / Dr. Bobby N. Irby Leona S. Woullard Dr. Malcolm K. McEwen Mary WoOdard Dr. Elizabeth M. Meek Dr. Marlene M. Milkent -ILLUSTRATORS Dr. Lloyd E. Story Teri KinVs'ow RichardFord TYPISTS Mollie Rollins Barbara B. O'Brien Kay Everett Lois P. Irby O ri TEACIJIER,tONSULTA.NrS Joe Ash Cathy Griffon Lay Sarah Sims _ &guise Blount Jiles Grice Gee mLexa Carol Smith . - Tashi Brantley 'Fred Hiberle John Lovett. LindaStandridge Margaret Caldwell Wattine,Hannah Dr; Johni4,,MattOX Dorothy Steinwinder Ann Carothers x.; Ray-Hargrove William McClain SilviaWallace Hargic Crenshaw Louise Hayles Guy McClure . Madeene Watts Robert Crittenden Tommy Herren Faith McCullen, RaymoncrWerthner Mervin Denton Bill Herbert Bessie Moffatt Lou White lidary Ann Erd Dianalones ° Marie Patrick Dill Whitson _Sant Etherid e Dr. Ralph Jones' Lelia Patterson Martha Wilson Angela Faul enberiy Rebicca Jones Leonard king, Jr. Chailes Wollfarth Iva- Nell Fenberry Kathleen Kilgen Harmon Ross Janice Wooliall Tian Grab n Larry Kittle Jessica Scott TEST-CENTERTEACHERS, 1980-81 Robert Critteen Iva Nell Fortenberry Rebecca Jones Marie Patrick. Auburn High hool Monticello High School Fairhope High School Foley High Schop Auburn, Al; MonticeliceMI Fairhope, AL Foley, AL .1, Mervin De Wattinellanrial Wiliam Lay Silvia Wallace McCorith High School Gulfport High School Hamilton High School Strider Academy McCciiiib, MS Gulfport, .MS Hamilton, MS -Webb, MS Mary Ann Erdman Diani Jones Bessis Moffatt Raymond -Werthner Baker High School Woodland High School Pascagoula High Scho-ol St. Martin High School Mobile, AL 'Woodland, AL cascagoula,,MS Biloxi, MS a TEST CENTERTEACHERS,198142 Sarah Ainsworth Wattine Hannah Jane Lusk 4A Billy Pierce 4 Hernando High School Gulfport High School Starkville High School Decatur High School Hernin MS Gulfport, MS. Starkville, MS Decatur, MS Timothy Bnjamin Louise Hayles Lenora McWhorter Sarah Sims East UnionAttndnce, Cntr. Moss Point High School Cedar Bluff High School Prittville High School Blue Springs, MS Moss Point, MS Cedar Bluff, AL Prattville, AL Janice ehitwood Sharon Johnson Bessie Moffatt Elsie SpenCer Carverliunior High School Petal i chool Pascagoula High School Opp High School Montgomery, AL . Petal, S Pascagoula, MS Opp, AL Peggy Croutch William Lay Jane Nall Mary Ulrich Gulfport High School Hamilton High, School Escambia Cnt'y. 1-4it Provine High School Gulfport, MS Hamilton, MS 4, School Jacksom MS Atmore, AL 'Richard DaN% Bill Lee, J,r. Brenda Vadthn 'Hamilton High Schlsol McGill-Tooler. High Sc Mat* Patrick Huntsville High School Hamilton, Al.. Mobile, AL Vole/High School Huntsyille, AL Foley, AL Silvia Wallace C Strider Academy S Webb, MS STATE DEatTMENT OFEDUCATION CONSULTANTS . DonniBentley Michael Carothers Edward Ford Science Specially Consultant, Science and Scienc.s,Specialist Alabama State Depart ent Eivirortmi(ntal Education Aerospace of Educabstn Mississippi Skate Department Alabama State Departm of Education of E4ratiop e. , 1' k Contents Preface vii Marine Plants -1. Objectives 1 Introduction 1 Why Classify? 2 Use. of a Taxtmomic t(ey 6r Concept A: Photosynthesis 8 Activity: Photosxnthesis and Lig1t 9 Activity: The Role of CO2 acid 02 in Photosynthesis 11 Vocabulary Activity 13 Concept B: Algae 14- Activity: Plant Pigments 'Or 19 Vocabulary Activity 21 Vocabulary Activity . 4. 22 Vocabulary Activity 23 ", Gonvpt C: Green Algae, 24 Vocabulay, Activity I` 28 Vocibuli6 Activity 29 Concept D: Brown Algae 30 Vocabulary Activity 334 Vocabulary Activity, 33 Concept E: d Algae 34 \N, ocabulary ACtivity 37 Activity: Pressing Algae 37 Activity: Kinds of Algae Found around the Coast of the United States . 38 Concept F: Golden Brown Algae Activity: Construction of a Planktun 1klet 51 Activity: Diatoms Concept G: Dinoflagellates 54 Activity: What Kinds of Algae Gan be.Found in My Area? '57 6 Vocabulary Activity 61 Vocabulary Activity 4. 62 ,' ConcePt,HtBluezGreen Algae 62 'Vocabulary Activity 66 Vocabulary Activity 67 'Concept I: Marine Bacteria.. 68 .. Activity: Staining Bacteria 70 Activity: Co'lle'cting and Cdliuring Marine Bacteria. 72 ., Vocabulary Activity * 75 ..- Vocabulary-Activity '. 76 Concept J: Sea Grasses, ° i 77 ,,, Concept K: Salt Marshes # 82 Activity: Salt Marsh Field Trip 89 Vocabuliry Activity. 92 Vocabulary Activity Vocabulary Activity Common Gulf of Mexico Salt Marsh Plants 94 itefekinces ss.3 109 Index. 113 , (- sr 4 , - 1/4 (s Prjace e . If the oceans of earth should die... itwould be the final as well as the greatest" catastrophe in the troublous story of man 11-the other animals and plants withhomo man shares this planet. JACQUES COUSTEAU ',"") . ( . , . :-,,,e. _ . t Cousteau's warning appropriately summarizes"the need to include marineeducation in Our curriculum today. The history of mankind is closely linked to the ocean.Man has -. always bean awed by the vast expanse of the sea: It is ironic indeed that such a valtAle::). resource leas been neglected so long in education. "Man and the Gulf of Mexico (MGM)" is a marTrie science curriculum
Recommended publications
  • Pharmacognosy 1

    Pharmacognosy 1

    PHARMACOGNOSY 1 Dr. Dima MUHAMMAD 0 References: 1. Trease and Evans Pharmacognosy, William C. Evans, Saunders Elsevier, 2009, sixteenth ed., ISBN 978-0 -7020 -2934 9 2. textbook of pharmacognosy & phytochemistry, Biren Shah & A.K. Seth, Elsevier, 2010, 1st ed, ISBN: 978-81-312-2298-0 3. Medicinal Natural Products: A Biosynthetic Approach. Paul M Dewick, John Wiley & Sons, 2009,3rd Edition, ISBN 978-0-470-74168-9. 4. Martins, A., Vieira, H., Gaspar, H., & Santos, S. (2014). Marketed Marine Natural Products in the Pharmaceutical and Cosmeceutical Industries: Tips for Success. Marine Drugs, 12(2) 1 1. MEANING OF PHARMACOGNOSY Pharmacognosy, known initially as materia medica, may be defined as the study of crude drugs obtained from plants, animals and mineral kingdom and their constituents. There is a historical misinformation about who created the term pharmacognosy. According to some sources, it was C. A. Seydler, a medical student at Halle, Germany, in 1815; he wrote his doctoral thesis titled Analectica Pharmacognostica. However, recent historical research has found an earlier usage of this term. The physician J. A. Schmidt (Vienna) used that one in his Lehrbuch der materia medica in 1811, to describe the study of medicinal plants and their properties. The word pharmacognosy is derived from two Latin words pharmakon, ‘a drug,’ and gignoso, ‘to acquire knowledge of’. It means ‘knowledge or science of drugs. Crude drugs are plants or animals, or their parts which after collection are subjected only to drying or making them into transverse or longitudinal slices or peeling them in some cases. Most of the crude drugs used in medicine are obtained from plants, and only a small number comes from animal and mineral kingdoms.
  • Lateral Gene Transfer of Anion-Conducting Channelrhodopsins Between Green Algae and Giant Viruses

    Lateral Gene Transfer of Anion-Conducting Channelrhodopsins Between Green Algae and Giant Viruses

    bioRxiv preprint doi: https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.04.15.042127; this version posted April 23, 2020. The copyright holder for this preprint (which was not certified by peer review) is the author/funder, who has granted bioRxiv a license to display the preprint in perpetuity. It is made available under aCC-BY-NC-ND 4.0 International license. 1 5 Lateral gene transfer of anion-conducting channelrhodopsins between green algae and giant viruses Andrey Rozenberg 1,5, Johannes Oppermann 2,5, Jonas Wietek 2,3, Rodrigo Gaston Fernandez Lahore 2, Ruth-Anne Sandaa 4, Gunnar Bratbak 4, Peter Hegemann 2,6, and Oded 10 Béjà 1,6 1Faculty of Biology, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel. 2Institute for Biology, Experimental Biophysics, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Invalidenstraße 42, Berlin 10115, Germany. 3Present address: Department of Neurobiology, Weizmann 15 Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel. 4Department of Biological Sciences, University of Bergen, N-5020 Bergen, Norway. 5These authors contributed equally: Andrey Rozenberg, Johannes Oppermann. 6These authors jointly supervised this work: Peter Hegemann, Oded Béjà. e-mail: [email protected] ; [email protected] 20 ABSTRACT Channelrhodopsins (ChRs) are algal light-gated ion channels widely used as optogenetic tools for manipulating neuronal activity 1,2. Four ChR families are currently known. Green algal 3–5 and cryptophyte 6 cation-conducting ChRs (CCRs), cryptophyte anion-conducting ChRs (ACRs) 7, and the MerMAID ChRs 8. Here we 25 report the discovery of a new family of phylogenetically distinct ChRs encoded by marine giant viruses and acquired from their unicellular green algal prasinophyte hosts.
  • Prof. DA Agboola: BOT221: Seedless Plants/Cryptogamic Botany 1

    Prof. DA Agboola: BOT221: Seedless Plants/Cryptogamic Botany 1

    Prof. D.A. Agboola: BOT221: Seedless Plants/Cryptogamic Botany CRYPTOGAMS - Flowerless or seedless plants - Lower and more primitive plants - 3 main groups i.e. Thallophyte, Bryophyte and Pteridophyte - Thallophytes include: Algae, fungi, Bacteria and lichens - Bryophytes include liverworts, horned liverworts and mosses - Pteridophytes include ferns and their allies. Reproduction - Members may take one or more of 3 methods of reproduction including vegetative, asexual and sexual - Vegetative by cell division or fragmentation - Asexual is through production of various types of spores - Sexual takes place by fusion of two gametes - Degree of sexuality passes through progressive stages including isogamy, anisogany to oogamy - Isogamy takes place in primitive cryptogams where two gametes of similar shape, size and behavior (isogametes) occurs - In anisogamy the two gametes, may be slightly different in size and behavior (Anisogametes) - In advanced cryptogams the two gametes become differentiated into male i.e. microgametes or antherozoids as spermatozoa and the female i.e. megagametes, the egg cell or oosphere or ovum - The egg cell is housed in structures including oogonium - The antherozoids are housed in antheridium - In oogamous cryptogams, the male gamete is usually small, ciliated or flagellated, active and initiative - The egg cell in large, non-motile, non ciliated, passive and receptive - Alternation of generation occurs in higher algae, liverworts, mosses, ferns and related pteridophyte - Here, life history is completed in two alternative stages or generations - These two generations differ in both morphological characteristics and mode of reproduction - One generation i.e. the sporophytic generation or asexual generation reproduces asexually by means of spores - While the other generation, i.e.
  • Principles of Plant Taxonomy. Ix.*

    Principles of Plant Taxonomy. Ix.*

    PRINCIPLES OF PLANT TAXONOMY. IX.* JOHN H. SCHAFFNER. In the eighth paperf of the present series, a general synopsis of the Thallophyta was given, together with a diagramatic "tree" of relationships of the orders recognized. Since the fungi are of special importance and are thus often studied independently of other groups and since the true fungi evolved a distinctive type of plant body and cell constitution, the following analysis is presented as a partial explanation of the arrangement of the groups in the synopsis. Special attention has been given to the development of correct interpretations of life histories in the light of special studies on the problem of sex in plants in general as well as comparative studies of life cycles. THE FOUR GENERAL TYPES OF FUNGI. If we use the term Fungi to include all Thallophytes without chlorophyll, then these plants fall into at least four distinctive, fundamental groups or great phyla. The various kinds of bacteria, including the slime bacteria (Myxobacteriales), show a very profound segregation from the remaining groups and are closely associated with the blue-green algae in the Schizophyta. The saprophytic slime-molds constitute a very 'distinct phylum of their own, whose nearest relatives are probably to be found among the Rhizopoda of the animal kingdom on the one hand and among the Archemycetae on the other, especially the Plasmodiophorales. But they are, nevertheless, so widely divergent from either of these groups that they are best con- sidered as a distinct phylum which has evolved along its own lines from a very primitive starting point.
  • Characterization and Phylogenetic Position of the Enigmatic Golden Alga Phaeothamnion Confervicola: Ultrastructure, Pigment Composition and Partial Ssu Rdna Sequence1

    Characterization and Phylogenetic Position of the Enigmatic Golden Alga Phaeothamnion Confervicola: Ultrastructure, Pigment Composition and Partial Ssu Rdna Sequence1

    J. Phycol. 34, 286±298 (1998) CHARACTERIZATION AND PHYLOGENETIC POSITION OF THE ENIGMATIC GOLDEN ALGA PHAEOTHAMNION CONFERVICOLA: ULTRASTRUCTURE, PIGMENT COMPOSITION AND PARTIAL SSU RDNA SEQUENCE1 Robert A. Andersen,2 Dan Potter 3 Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, West Boothbay Harbor, Maine 04575 Robert R. Bidigare, Mikel Latasa 4 Department of Oceanography, 1000 Pope Road, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, Hawaii 96822 Kingsley Rowan School of Botany, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3052, Australia and Charles J. O'Kelly Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, West Boothbay Harbor, Maine 04575 ABSTRACT coxanthin, diadinoxanthin, diatoxanthin, heteroxanthin, The morphology, ultrastructure, photosynthetic pig- and b,b-carotene as well as chlorophylls a and c. The ments, and nuclear-encoded small subunit ribosomal DNA complete sequence of the SSU rDNA could not be obtained, (SSU rDNA) were examined for Phaeothamnion con- but a partial sequence (1201 bases) was determined. Par- fervicola Lagerheim strain SAG119.79. The morphology simony and neighbor-joining distance analyses of SSU rDNA from Phaeothamnion and 36 other chromophyte of the vegetative ®laments, as viewed under light micros- È copy, was indistinguishable from the isotype. Light micros- algae (with two Oomycete fungi as the outgroup) indicated copy, including epi¯uorescence microscopy, also revealed that Phaeothamnion was a weakly supported (bootstrap the presence of one to three chloroplasts in both vegetative 5,50%, 52%) sister taxon to the Xanthophyceae rep- cells and zoospores. Vegetative ®laments occasionally trans- resentatives and that this combined clade was in turn a formed to a palmelloid stage in old cultures. An eyespot weakly supported (bootstrap 5,50%, 67%) sister to the was not visible in zoospores when examined with light mi- Phaeophyceae.
  • U Tech Glossary

    U Tech Glossary

    URGLOSSARY used without permission revised the Ides of March 2014 glos·sa·ry Pronunciation: primarystressglässchwaremacron, -ri also primarystressglodots- Function: noun Inflected Form(s): -es Etymology: Medieval Latin glossarium, from Latin glossa difficult word requiring explanation + -arium -ary : a collection of textual glosses <an edition of Shakespeare with a good glossary> or of terms limited to a special area of knowledge <a glossary of technical terms> or usage <a glossary of dialectal words> Merriam Webster Unabridged tangent, adj. and n. [ad. L. tangens, tangent-em, pr. pple. of tangĕre to touch; used by Th. Fincke, 1583, as n. in sense = L. līnea tangens tangent or touching line. In F. tangent, -e adj., tangente n. (Geom.), Ger. tangente n.] c. In general use, chiefly fig. from b, esp. in phrases (off) at, in, upon a tangent, ie off or away with sudden divergence, from the course or direction previously followed; abruptly from one course of action, subject, thought, etc, to another. (http://dictionary.oed.com) As in off on a tangent. “Practice, repetition, and repetition of the repeated with ever increasing intensity are…the way.” Zen in the Art of Archery by Eugen Herrigel. For many terms, this glossary contains definitions from multiple sources, each with their own nuance, each authors variation emphasized. Reading the repeated definitions, with their slight variations, helps create a fuller, more overall understanding of the meaning of these terms. The etymology of the entries reinforces and may repeat the repetitions. Wax on, wax off. Sand da floor. For sometime, when I encounter a term I don’t understand (and there are very many), I have been looking them up in the oed and copying the definition into a Word document.
  • Symbiomonas Scintillans Gen. Et Sp. Nov. and Picophagus Flagellatus Gen

    Symbiomonas Scintillans Gen. Et Sp. Nov. and Picophagus Flagellatus Gen

    Protist, Vol. 150, 383–398, December 1999 © Urban & Fischer Verlag http://www.urbanfischer.de/journals/protist Protist ORIGINAL PAPER Symbiomonas scintillans gen. et sp. nov. and Picophagus flagellatus gen. et sp. nov. (Heterokonta): Two New Heterotrophic Flagellates of Picoplanktonic Size Laure Guilloua, 1, 2, Marie-Josèphe Chrétiennot-Dinetb, Sandrine Boulbena, Seung Yeo Moon-van der Staaya, 3, and Daniel Vaulota a Station Biologique, CNRS, INSU et Université Pierre et Marie Curie, BP 74, F-29682 Roscoff Cx, France b Laboratoire d’Océanographie biologique, UMR 7621 CNRS/INSU/UPMC, Laboratoire Arago, O.O.B., B.P. 44, F-66651 Banyuls sur mer Cx, France Submitted July 27, 1999; Accepted November 10, 1999 Monitoring Editor: Michael Melkonian Two new oceanic free-living heterotrophic Heterokonta species with picoplanktonic size (< 2 µm) are described. Symbiomonas scintillans Guillou et Chrétiennot-Dinet gen. et sp. nov. was isolated from samples collected both in the equatorial Pacific Ocean and the Mediterranean Sea. This new species possesses ultrastructural features of the bicosoecids, such as the absence of a helix in the flagellar transitional region (found in Cafeteria roenbergensis and in a few bicosoecids), and a flagellar root system very similar to that of C. roenbergensis, Acronema sippewissettensis, and Bicosoeca maris. This new species is characterized by a single flagellum with mastigonemes, the presence of en- dosymbiotic bacteria located close to the nucleus, the absence of a lorica and a R3 root composed of a 6+3+x microtubular structure. Phylogenetical analyses of nuclear-encoded SSU rDNA gene se- quences indicate that this species is close to the bicosoecids C.
  • What Are Algae? What Are Algae?

    What Are Algae? What Are Algae?

    Marine botany – Algae– the study of aquatic plants and algae that live in seawater have chlorophyll as their primary photosynthetic pigment of the open ocean and the littoral zone and in brackish and lack a sterile covering of cells around their reproductive waters of estuaries cells Macroalgae Phycology-study of algae - Rhodophyta, Chlorophyta, Ochrophyta Microalgae (Phytoplankton) alga (singular) : “I study Silvetia, the intertidal alga” - Dinophyta , Haptophyta, Ochrophyta algae (plural): “Algae rock my world” Angiosperms algal (adj.): Algal lunch, algal skirt, algal growth rate -Mangroves, Marsh Plants, Seagrasses “algaes” (wrong!) Cyanobacteria 21 22 What are algae? What are algae? • Polyphyletic group = different ancestors, different evolutionary histories A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E A B C D E monophyletic polyphyletic paraphyletic or Algae encompassing various distinctly related groups of clade aquatic photosynthetic eukaryotes & bacteria. 23 24 1 Eukaryota Groups DOMAIN Groups (Kingdom) 1.Bacteria- cyanobacteria 2.Archae Alveolates- dinoflagellates 3.Eukaryota 1. Alveolates- unicellular,plasma membrane supported by Stramenopiles- diatoms, ochrophyta flattened vesicles Rhizaria 2. Stramenopiles- two unequal flagella, chloroplasts 4 Excavates membranes 3. Rhizaria- unicellular amoeboids Plantae- rhodophyta, chlorophyta, seagrasses Amoebozoans 4. Excava tes- unilllicellular fllltflagellates Fungi 5. Plantae- most broadly defined plant group Choanoflagellates Animals 6. Amoebozoans- pseudopods for movement & eating 7. Fungi- heterotrophs with extracellular digestion 8. Choanoflagellates- unicellular withsingle flagella 25 26 9. Animals- multicellular heterotrophs DOMAIN Groups (Kingdom) 1.Bacteria- cyanobacteria (blue green algae) Defining characteristics of Algae: 2.Archae “Algae” Photosynthesis (photoautotrophic, usually), using Chl a as 3.Eukaryotes 1. Alveolates- dinoflagellates primary pigment 2. Stramenopiles- diatoms, ochrophyta BUT: Limited cellular differentiation compared to 3.
  • Xylem & Phloem Vascular Tissue

    Xylem & Phloem Vascular Tissue

    VASCULAR TISSUE P XYLEM & PHLOEM XYLEM ROOT C.S. VASCULAR TISSUE ^ M XYLEM & PHLOEM XYLEM PHLOEM ROOT C.S. MORPHOLOGY + MORPHIOLOGY STUDY PLANT EXTERNAL STRUCTURE MORPHOLOGY MORPHOLOGY STUDY EXTERNAL PLANT STRUCTURE ^ TERMINAL BUD P LATERAL BUD TERMINAL BUD SCALE SCAR ANGIOSPERM TWIG MORPHOLOGY TERMINAL BUD SCALE SCAR BUD SCAR TERMINAL BUD SCALE SCAR BUNDLE SCARS PHYLOGENY + PHYLOGENY STUDY PLANT EVOLUTION PHYLOGENY PHYLOGENY STUDY PLANT EVOLUTION PLANT PHYLOGENY ^ T TRACHEOPHYTES TAXONOMY + TAXONOMY STUDY PLANT CLASSIFICATION TAXONOMY TAXONOMY STUDY PLANT CLASSIFICATION PLANTAE ^ MAGNOLIOPHYTA MAGNOLIOPSIDA MAGNOLIALES MAGNOLIACEAE LIRIODENDRON TULIP POPLAR TAXONOMIC CLASSIFICATION TULIPIFERA > PLANT DEFINITION > PLANT DEFINTION NO COMMON DEFINITION AMONGST BOTANISTS ^ PLANT DEFINITION SUBJECTIVE P PLANT CLASS DEFINITION PLANT PLANT ORGANISM THAT POSSESSES PLASTIDS PLANT PLANT CELL P PLASTID C.S. PLASTID + PLASTID P PLANT ORGANELLE ASSOCIATED WITH: PLASTID PLASTID PLANT ORGANELLE ASSOCIATED WITH: PHOTOSYNTHESIS PLASTID PHOTOSYNTHESIS LEAF CELL C PLASTID C.S. PLANTLEAF CELL CELL P CHLOROPLAST C.S. PHOTOSYNTHESIS ^ WATER CO2 P LIGHT EGY PHOTO ATMOSPHERE E- PHOTOLYSIS LT RXT CHEMICAL DK RXT ENERGY THYLAKOID STROMA CHEM EGY SYNTHESIS INPUT CHLOROPLAST ATMOSPHERE OXYGEN GLUCOSE + PLASTID S PLANT ORGANELLE ASSOCIATED WITH: PLASTID P PLASTID PLANT ORGANELLE ASSOCIATED WITH: STARCH STORAGE PLASTID PHOTOSYNTHESIS S WATER CO2 LIGHT EGY PHOTO ATMOSPHERE E- PHOTOLYSIS LT RXT CHEMICAL DK RXT ENERGY THYLAKOID STROMA CHEM EGY SYNTHESIS INPUT CHLOROPLAST ATMOSPHERE OXYGEN GLUCOSE PHOTOSYNTHESIS WATER CO2 LIGHT EGY PHOTO ATMOSPHERE E- PHOTOLYSIS LT RXT CHEMICAL DK RXT ENERGY THYLAKOID STROMA CHEM EGY SYNTHESIS INPUT CHLOROPLAST ATMOSPHERE OXYGEN STARCH STARCH STORAGE P STARCH GRAINS ROOT C.S. STARCH STORAGE L PLASTIDS ROOT C.S. STARCH STORAGE ^ T LEUCOPLASTS ROOT C.S.
  • A Comparative Analysis of Mitochondrial Genomes in Eustigmatophyte Algae

    A Comparative Analysis of Mitochondrial Genomes in Eustigmatophyte Algae

    GBE A Comparative Analysis of Mitochondrial Genomes in Eustigmatophyte Algae Tereza Sˇevcˇı´kova´ 1,Vladimı´r Klimesˇ1, Veronika Zbra´nkova´ 1, Hynek Strnad2,Milusˇe Hroudova´ 2,Cˇ estmı´rVlcˇek2, and Marek Elia´sˇ1,* 1Department of Biology and Ecology & Institute of Environmental Technologies, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Czech Republic 2Institute of Molecular Genetics, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, Prague, Czech Republic *Corresponding author: E-mail: [email protected]. Accepted: February 8, 2016 Data deposition: The newly determined mitogenome sequences were deposited at GenBank with accession numbers KU501220–KU501222. Individual gene or cDNA sequences extracted from unpublished nuclear genome or transcriptome assemblies were deposited at GenBank with accession numbers KU501223–KU501236. Abstract Eustigmatophyceae (Ochrophyta, Stramenopiles) is a small algal group with species of the genus Nannochloropsis being its best studied representatives. Nuclear and organellar genomes have been recently sequenced for several Nannochloropsis spp., but phylogenetically wider genomic studies are missing for eustigmatophytes. We sequenced mitochondrial genomes (mitogenomes) of three species representing most major eustigmatophyte lineages, Monodopsis sp. MarTras21, Vischeria sp. CAUP Q 202 and Trachydiscus minutus, and carried out their comparative analysis in the context of available data from Nannochloropsis and other stramenopiles, revealing a number of noticeable findings. First, mitogenomes of most eustigmatophytes are highly collinear and similar in the gene content, but extensive rearrangements and loss of three otherwise ubiquitous genes happened in the Vischeria lineage; this correlates with an accelerated evolution of mitochondrial gene sequences in this lineage. Second, eustigmatophytes appear to be the only ochrophyte group with the Atp1 protein encoded by the mitogenome.
  • Life Science, Grade 7. Curricular Guide. INSTITUTION York County School District 3, Rock Hill, S.C

    Life Science, Grade 7. Curricular Guide. INSTITUTION York County School District 3, Rock Hill, S.C

    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 093 576 SE 016 485 TITLE Life Science, Grade 7. Curricular Guide. INSTITUTION York County School District 3, Rock Hill, S.C. PUB DATE [74] NOTE 50p. EDRS PRICE MF-$0.75 HC-$3.15 PLUS POSTAGE DESCRIPTORS *Biology; Curriculum Design; *Curriculam Guides; *Human Development; *Junior High School Students; Science Education; Secondary School Science IDENTIFIERS South Carolina ABSTRACT This curricular guide focuses on life science and is designed for use with seventh grade students. Life science was chosen as the course of study based on the rationale that, as pupils enter junior high school, they are in early adolescence and .find it difficult to understand themselves so that the study of living things with a thorough explanation of the functions of the human body and its behavior seems appropriate. The guide contains objectives (not stated in behavioral form), a content outline, types of suggested activities, materials required, points to consider when evaluating the attainment of the objectives, a 362-word vocabulary list (arranged in alphabetical order), a bibliography for students and for teachers, and a list of filmstrips available in the prsofessiopal library of the school district (Rock Hill, South Carolina) for which this guide was developed. (PEB) U S DEPARTMENT OP HEALTH. EDLICAT)DNVVELPATIE AVAILABLE NATIONAL INSTITUTE OP BEST COPY EDUCATION THIS DOCUMENT HA 5BEEN REPRO DUCEC EMACTLY AS RECEIVED PROM THE PERSON OR ORGANIZATION ORIGIN A TING it POINTS OP V lEiN OR OPINIONS STATED 00 NOT NECESSAR,Lv REPRE SENT OFFICIAL, NATIONAL INSTITUTE OF EDUCATION POSITION OR pot ICY P LIFE SCIENCE GRADEI -5.
  • Kingdom Chromista)

    Kingdom Chromista)

    J Mol Evol (2006) 62:388–420 DOI: 10.1007/s00239-004-0353-8 Phylogeny and Megasystematics of Phagotrophic Heterokonts (Kingdom Chromista) Thomas Cavalier-Smith, Ema E-Y. Chao Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3PS, UK Received: 11 December 2004 / Accepted: 21 September 2005 [Reviewing Editor: Patrick J. Keeling] Abstract. Heterokonts are evolutionarily important gyristea cl. nov. of Ochrophyta as once thought. The as the most nutritionally diverse eukaryote supergroup zooflagellate class Bicoecea (perhaps the ancestral and the most species-rich branch of the eukaryotic phenotype of Bigyra) is unexpectedly diverse and a kingdom Chromista. Ancestrally photosynthetic/ major focus of our study. We describe four new bicil- phagotrophic algae (mixotrophs), they include several iate bicoecean genera and five new species: Nerada ecologically important purely heterotrophic lineages, mexicana, Labromonas fenchelii (=Pseudobodo all grossly understudied phylogenetically and of tremulans sensu Fenchel), Boroka karpovii (=P. uncertain relationships. We sequenced 18S rRNA tremulans sensu Karpov), Anoeca atlantica and Cafe- genes from 14 phagotrophic non-photosynthetic het- teria mylnikovii; several cultures were previously mis- erokonts and a probable Ochromonas, performed ph- identified as Pseudobodo tremulans. Nerada and the ylogenetic analysis of 210–430 Heterokonta, and uniciliate Paramonas are related to Siluania and revised higher classification of Heterokonta and its Adriamonas; this clade (Pseudodendromonadales three phyla: the predominantly photosynthetic Och- emend.) is probably sister to Bicosoeca. Genetically rophyta; the non-photosynthetic Pseudofungi; and diverse Caecitellus is probably related to Anoeca, Bigyra (now comprising subphyla Opalozoa, Bicoecia, Symbiomonas and Cafeteria (collectively Anoecales Sagenista). The deepest heterokont divergence is emend.). Boroka is sister to Pseudodendromonadales/ apparently between Bigyra, as revised here, and Och- Bicoecales/Anoecales.