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Iot Technology & Iot Smart Objects Harware And IOT SYSTEM DESIGN IOT TECHNOLOGY & IOT SMART OBJECTS HARWARE AND SOFTWARE Dr. T. DEEPA , Associate Professor, Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering, SRM Institute of Science and Technology (SRM IST), Kattankulathur- 603203 . Chengalpattu District, Tamil Nadu. https://www.srmist.edu.in/engineering/ece/faculty/dr-t- deepa 07-02-2021 T.DEEPA / ECE 1 Topics : • Sensors , Actuators And Smart Objects • Smart Objects-hardware and software 07-02-2021 T.DEEPA / ECE 2 Outline • What is IoT? • Introduction to IoT • IoT – Definitions, Why IoT ? • Spectrum usage of IoT , IoT Applications • IoT Enablers • IoT Layers • Connectivity Layers • IoT Vs M2M • IoT Reference Model • Sensors , Actuators • IoT System Design Challenges • Introduction to Smart Objects and functionalities • Smart Objects – Hardware and Software • IoT Devices and Technologies 07-02-2021 T.DEEPA / ECE 3 IoT- Definitions A network connecting (either wired or wireless) devices, or ‘things’, that is characterized by autonomous provisioning, management, and monitoring. The IoT is innately analytical and integrated . IoT is the next evolution of the Internet, connecting the unconnected people, processes, data, and things in your business today. IoT devices as those capable of two-way data transmission (excluding passive sensors and RFID tags). It includes connections using multiple communication methods such as cellular, short range and others. Sensors & actuators connected by networks to computing systems. These systems can monitor or manage the health and actions of connected objects and machines. Connected sensors can also monitor the natural world, people, and animal” 07-02-2021 T.DEEPA / ECE 4 Introduction to IoT “An IoT system is a network of networks where, typically, a massive number of objects, things, sensors or devices are connected through communications and information infrastructure to provide value-added services via intelligent data processing and management for different applications (e.g. smart cities, smart health, smart grid, smart home, smart transportation, and smart shopping).” 7 07-02-2021 T.DEEPA / ECE 5 Internet of Things - ITU Definition • Physical things • Exist in the physical world and are capable of being sensed, actuated and connected. • Examples: industrial robots, goods and electrical equipment. • Virtual things • Exist in the information world and are capable of being stored, processed and accessed. • Examples: Multimedia content, application software. Source: Recommendation ITU-T Y.2060 07-02-2021 T.DEEPA / ECE 6 Characteristics -IoT IoT communications are or should be: . Low cost, Low power, . Long battery duration, . High number of connections, . Different bitrate requirement, . Long range, . Low processing capacity, . Low storage capacity, . Small size devices, . Simple network architecture and protocols 07-02-2021 T.DEEPA / ECE 7 Why IoT? Open platforms . Designed to make building and deploying applications easier, faster, secure and more accessible for everyone. Allows . To create the low-power, wide-area sensor and/or actuator network (WASN) systems for Machine Type Communications (MTC), Smart cities and Ubiquitous Sensor Networks (USN) applications. Contributes . To socio economic development such as in Agriculture, health sector and many more. Efficient Management . Manage utilities efficiently such as smart power, water grids, and transport management 07-02-2021 T.DEEPA / ECE 8 IoT Technology • Wireless Technologies • Diversity of IoT application requirements: • Varying bandwidth requirements (how much information is sent) • Long-range vs short-range • Long battery life • Various QoS requirements 07-02-2021 T.DEEPA / ECE 9 IoT Connectivity Options Source: https://www.embedded.com/sustaining-iot-growth/ 07-02-2021 T.DEEPA / ECE 10 IoT: General Architecture Source: https://medium.com/datadriveninvestor/4-stages-of-iot-architecture-explained- in-simple-words-b2ea8b4f777f 07-02-2021 T.DEEPA / ECE 11 IoT Technical Solutions Study in ITU under WRC-19 agenda item 9.1, issue 9.1.8 (Machine Type Communication - MTC) Studies on the technical and operational aspects of radio networks and systems, as well as spectrum needed, including possible harmonized use of spectrum to support the implementation of narrowband and broadband machine-type communication infrastructures Cellular M2M Weightless-N 802.11ah WAVIoT LoRA Non- cellular M2M NB-IoT Weightless-P NFC Weightless-W BLE eMTC 802.11p Bluetooth RFID LTE Z-WAVE V2X WIFI Ingenu Sig-fox ZigBee 07-02-2021 T.DEEPA / ECE 12 Spectrum Needs of IoT What are the spectrum needs of IoT? . Determined by each application’s throughput requirements, but also latency • For a given spectral efficiency (b/s/Hz), the lower the latency requirements the larger the bandwidth needed to send a given amount of data . While many IoT applications might not need high speed connections and/or have very stringent latency requirements, some do (e.g. remote surgery) In what frequency bands? . Determined by each IoT application’s range and coverage requirements, but also bandwidth needs of the applications . Range and coverage requirements also depend on deployment scenarios • Point-to-point, mesh, broadcast, multi-cast, etc. 07-02-2021 T.DEEPA / ECE 13 Spectrum Licensing for IoT Spectrum for MTC/IoT applications Unlicensed spectrum Licensed spectrum • Low cost /no license fees • Better Inference management Regulatory limits (EIRP • Network Security restrictions) • Reliability • Non-guaranteedQoS • All devices can have access to spectrum, subject to compliance with technical conditions as specified in Mobile operator Network Dedicated Network regulations Reuse cellular infrastructure and Private network customized device eco-system for M2M/ IoT apps for specific M2M/IoT apps. • Short range and delay-tolerant applications are typical use cases Example: In China New bands for M2M: • IMT spectrum can be used for supporting NB-IoT, eMTC and LTE-V2N (eNB-to–vehicle) • 5 905 -5 925 MHz for LTE-V2X trials • MBB spectrum can also be used for M2M/IoT • 2 x 2.3 MHz in 800MHz can be used for NB-IoT 07-02-2021 T.DEEPA / ECE 14 Spectrum Needs of IoT M2M Radiocommunication Technologies Frequency range Technology Spectrum band • Sub-1 GHz band are most suitable for efficient provision NB-IoT MBB bands of wide area coverage; eMTC MBB bands Sigfox 868MHz MBB bands (Uu) Authorization LTE-V2X 5.8,5.9GHz (PC5) Bluetooth 2.4GHz • Sharing spectrum with unlicensed authorization to achieve low cost and low power requirements ZigBee 868/2450MHz 13.56/27.12/433/ RFID 860MHz ... • Licensed (exclusive) spectrum is more suitable for wide area coverage and/or higher reliability requirements for NFC 13.56MHz delay sensitive applications Z-WAVE 868 MHz Ingenu 2.4GHz 07-02-2021 T.DEEPA / ECE 16 IoT Applications Source: GSMA Intelligence - IoT: the next wave of connectivity and services 07-02-2021 T.DEEPA / ECE 17 Other Applications : • Forest fire detection • Air pollution monitoring • Snow level monitoring • Landslide monitoring and avalanche prevention 07-02-2021 T.DEEPA / ECE 18 “Thing” connected to the internet- To build IoT Source: CISCO 07-02-2021 T.DEEPA / ECE 19 19 IoT Enablers Fixed & Short Range . RFID . Bluetooth . Zigbee . WiFi . Cellular Connectiviity . .. Long Range technologies . Non 3GPP Standards (LPWAN) . 3GPP Standards . LoRa .07-02..-2021 T.DEEPA / ECE 20 Other Enabling Technologies • Deep Learning • Artificial Intelligence • Sensor Networks • Wired/Wireless Networks 07-02-2021 T.DEEPA / ECE 21 IoT Layers : Source: https://blog.microtronics.com/en/5-value-creation-layers-for-iot-applications/ 07-02-2021 T.DEEPA / ECE 22 IoT Layers (Cont’d) • Layer 1: Physical Thing On this layer the first tangible benefit is revealed to the user. In the current example, this is limited to connecting another device such as a fan heater to the connector plug. • Layer 2: Sensors & Actuators On layer 2, the physical thing is enhanced with a microprocessor, sensors and actuators, allowing local data to be captured and local actions to be performed. The benefit for the user can thus be significantly increased in relation to layer 1, but is still limited to the immediate environment. • Layer 3 – Connectivity This level gives the lower levels access to the Internet. This enables global access to the sensors and actors. The GSM modem built into the “smart” connector plug from the current example allows authorized users worldwide access to the data at negligible marginal costs. 07-02-2021 T.DEEPA / ECE 23 IoT Layers (Cont’d) • Typically there are three layers of connectivity: • service layer -For service level using different communication technologies , different services can be offered to different application areas such as health care agriculture , businesses factories plants banks and so on. • local connectivity - For local connectivity we have components such as the gateway • and global connectivity – For global connectivity we have the internet • In the example of the “smart” connector plug this means following for layer 4. If several “smart” connectors are used in a holiday home, the switch-on and switch- 07off-02- 2021times of the various fan heaters areT.DEEPA stored. / ECE 24 IoT Layers (Cont’d) • Layer 4 – Analytics From layer 4 upwards the sensor data are collected, stored, checked for plausibility, classified and linked with data from other online services and the values for the actuators can be calculated. This is typically done in the cloud. Layer 5 – Digital Service • On this layer, digital services are created
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