Survey Data Collection Using Complex Automated Questionnaires

Total Page:16

File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb

Survey Data Collection Using Complex Automated Questionnaires From: AAAI Technical Report SS-03-04. Compilation copyright © 2003, AAAI (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved. Survey Data Collection Using Complex Automated Questionnaires William P. Mockovak, Ph.D. Bureau of Labor Statistics Office of Survey Methods Research 2 Massachusetts Ave. N.E. Washington, DC 20212 [email protected] Abstract Since the early 1980s, researchers in the federal statistical com- The CPS is conducted by a workforce of about 1,500 inter- munity have been moving complex surveys from paper question- viewers scattered across the U.S. who conduct interviews naires to computer-assisted interviewing (CAI). The data col- in respondents’ homes and, occasionally, on doorsteps, lected through such surveys cover a variety of needs, from critical porches, lawns, etc., or over the telephone from either an information on the health of the economy to social issues as interviewer’s home or from a centralized telephone inter- measured by statistics on health, crime, expenditures, and educa- viewing facility. Although the composition of the inter- tion. This paper covers some of the key issues involved in devel- viewer workforce has undergone some changes in recent oping applications used primarily by a middle-age, part-time years with the increased hiring of retirees, historically, the workforce, which uses the software in a variety of situations, majority of interviewers have been women between the while interacting with an occasionally uncooperative public. ages of 45 and 55, who work part-time, and who lack many of the computer skills taken for granted in younger popula- Introduction tions. Many interviewers tend to work on a single, primary survey, but are available to work on others (some continu- Government surveys provide critical information on a vari- ous, some one-time). Depending on the survey, annual ety of topics of importance to the well-being of the U.S., rates of attrition or interviewer turnover can range between including data about consumer expenditures, health, crime, 18 and 31 percent (Mockovak, 1981), so recruitment and education, and employment – just to name a few. training are ongoing activities. Compared to other disciplines, the history of survey re- To collect survey data, interviewers use a computer- search is relatively new, with most major advances occur- assisted interviewing (CAI) program, called an instrument, ring since the 1930s (Brick, 2002). Although desired in- which is loaded on a laptop computer (PCs are used in formation is sometimes available from existing administra- centralized phone centers). This application displays the tive records or through simple mail surveys, more detailed question that the interviewer should ask, the valid answers information can only be obtained through direct interviews (or answer types) for the question, special instructions to with representative samples of Americans. For example, the interviewer, and any associated help information. In one of the better known, largest, and longest continuing addition, case management software exists to help the in- surveys in the United States is the Current Population Sur- terviewer manage her work assignment, receive and trans- vey or CPS. The CPS is a monthly sample survey of about mit cases to headquarters, provide security, and other use- 60,000 households that has been conducted since 1940, and ful functions (e.g., data backup). Although a keyboard is which provides information on labor force activity. This most frequently used, some applications also allow an in- survey is the source of the monthly national unemployment terviewer to enter survey responses using a mouse or rate, a key economic indicator. In addition, the CPS pro- pointing device, or some combination of the preceding. In vides rich demographic detail that can be used to analyze past, as well as in many existing instruments, navigation is the U.S. labor force, including age, sex, race, Hispanic ori- accomplished most often using function keys (F keys) to gin, educational attainment, marital status and family at- allow specific actions such as backing up or jumping to tributes, foreign-born status, veteran status, and other another section or to obtain help. However, Windows- demographic characteristics. based applications are allowing increased use of the mouse and tab and arrow keys, along with the use of graphical Copyright © 2002, American Association for Artificial Intelligence features to accomplish the same goals. (www.aaai.org). All rights reserved. The opinions expressed in this paper are solely those of the author and do not reflect official positions of the Bureau of Labor Statistics. Computer Assisted Telephone Interviewing, or CATI, was first conducted by Chilton Research Services in 1971 (Couper and Nicholls, 1998). This technology involves calling respondents from a centralized telephone inter- viewing facility. The purported benefits of CATI com- ning around, when the respondent is doing other tasks, pared to paper included the management of very large tele- etc.), follow proper interviewing procedures, and take as phone samples, randomization of question and response little time as possible, since many surveys are longitudinal category order, on-line and automatic arithmetic, access to and require multiple visits. on-line databases, increased timeliness of data, and reduced costs. Although respondents have used computers to complete survey questionnaires without the assistance of an inter- Computer Assisted Personal Interviewing, or CAPI, was viewer, for example, self-administered questionnaires us- first introduced in government surveys in the early 1980s ing touchtone phones or voice recognition (Clayton and to replace paper questionnaires used in face-to-face inter- Harrell, 1989; Appel and Cole, 1994), these types of appli- views, where interviewers traveled to a respondent’s home. cations tend to be short and simple with very minimal Its initial objectives were to reduce post-interview data branching. Similarly, although a great deal of excitement processing, to use data from previous interviews to speed and experimentation exists about using the Internet for sur- up and improve the quality of current interviews, to allow vey data collection, for the most part, these applications more complex questionnaire routing and tailoring of ques- have also focused on simple, self-completed question- tions (for example, the use of branching logic to ask tai- naires, and obtaining a representative, scientific sample lored questions of respondents with selected characteris- using this mode remains a major concern. In addition, tics), to allow “last minute” changes to questionnaires, and problems with respondent cooperation that are so common to produce statistics more quickly. Except for the ability to in interviewer-mediated data collection are even more pro- incorporate last-minute changes, these objectives have nounced in surveys done over the web. been widely achieved. It was also hoped that lower costs and higher quality data would result, but these objectives Accordingly, the focus of this paper is on the use of com- have been more elusive. plex computer-assisted interview instruments for inter- viewer-mediated data collection. These interviews can be In addition to CATI and CAPI, the acronym CASIC (Com- conducted either face-to-face or over the telephone. The puter Assisted Survey Information Collection) is also used key challenge facing the survey methodologist is designing frequently in survey research to describe any effort to use an automated interviewing tool that does not make the in- computers for survey data collection, data capture, data terviewer’s already very challenging job even more diffi- preparation, and any activities that support these tasks cult. As mentioned previously, an interviewer must inter- (Couper and Nicholls, 1998). Recent CASIC efforts have act with the computer-assisted interviewing program, while focused on use of the Internet for survey data collection. interacting with the respondent at the same time. As one might expect, not all respondents readily agree to an inter- From 1988 to 1994, the use of computer-assisted inter- view, and when they do agree to cooperate, many fre- viewing grew rapidly, to the point where now most face-to- quently want to give information in a different order or face government surveys use it to collect data. Early CAPI form from that required by the automated questionnaire. applications often placed tremendous demands on inter- These constraints pose unusual demands on the interviewer viewers. For example, the first CAPI survey required in- and the software. The interviewer must negotiate with oc- terviewers to carry 25 pound computer terminals into re- casionally hostile respondents and apply sound interview- spondents’ homes, connect them to a telephone line, and ing techniques, while interacting with the software used to dial in to a connection on a mainframe (Rothschild and collect the survey data. Wilson, 1988). Modern-day applications use light-weight laptop computers, pad computers, or PDAs, although Instrument and Interface hardware issues like screen size, screen readability, and Design Challenges battery life continue to pose important operational prob- lems, especially for PDAs. The challenges facing CAI instrument designers are the same facing any large-scale software development effort. The size and complexity of CAI instruments can vary Even if a paper questionnaire already exists, data require- widely. For some surveys, the CAI program can be quite
Recommended publications
  • Questionnaire Design Guidelines for Establishment Surveys
    Journal of Official Statistics, Vol. 26, No. 1, 2010, pp. 43–85 Questionnaire Design Guidelines for Establishment Surveys Rebecca L. Morrison1, Don A. Dillman2, and Leah M. Christian3 Previous literature has shown the effects of question wording or visual design on the data provided by respondents. However, few articles have been published that link the effects of question wording and visual design to the development of questionnaire design guidelines. This article proposes specific guidelines for the design of establishment surveys within statistical agencies based on theories regarding communication and visual perception, experimental research on question wording and visual design, and findings from cognitive interviews with establishment survey respondents. The guidelines are applicable to both paper and electronic instruments, and cover such topics as the phrasing of questions, the use of space, the placement and wording of instructions, the design of answer spaces, and matrices. Key words: Visual design; question wording; cognitive interviews. 1. Introduction In recent years, considerable effort has been made to develop questionnaire construction guidelines for how questions should appear in establishment surveys. Examples include guidelines developed by the Australian Bureau of Statistics (2006) and Statistics Norway (Nøtnæs 2006). These guidelines have utilized the rapidly emerging research on how the choice of survey mode, question wording, and visual layout influence respondent answers, in order to improve the quality of responses and to encourage similarity of construction when more than one survey data collection mode is used. Redesign efforts for surveys at the Central Bureau of Statistics in the Netherlands (Snijkers 2007), Statistics Denmark (Conrad 2007), and the Office for National Statistics in the United Kingdom (Jones et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Interactive Voice Response for Data Collection in Low and Middle-Income Countries
    Interactive Voice Response for Data Collection in Low and Middle-Income Countries Viamo Brief April 2018 Suggested Citation Greenleaf, A.R. Vogel, L. 2018. Interactive Voice Response for Data Collection in Low and Middle- Income Countries. Toronto, Canada: Viamo. 1 0 - EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Expanding mobile network coverage, decreasing cost of cellphones and airtime, and a more literate population have made mobile phone surveys an increasingly viable option for data collection in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). Interactive voice response (IVR) is a fast and cost-effective option for survey data collection. The benefits of trying to reach respondents in low and middle-income countries (LMICs) via cell phone have been described by The World Bank,[1] academics[2,3], and practitioners[4] alike. IVR, a faster and less expensive option than face-to-face surveys, can collect data in areas that are difficult for human interviewers to reach. This brief explains applications of IVR for data collection in LMICs. Sections 1- 4 provide background information about IVR and detail the advantages of “robo-calls”. The next three sections explain the three main target groups for IVR. Beginning with Section 5 we outline the four approaches to sampling a general population and address IVR data quality. Known respondents, who are often enrolled for monitoring and evaluation, are covered in Section 6, along with best practices for maximizing participant engagement. Finally, in Section 7 we explain how professionals use IVR for surveillance and reporting. Woven throughout Sections 5-7, four case studies illustrate how four organizations have successfully used IVR to for data collection.
    [Show full text]
  • When Should We Ask, When Should We Measure?
    Page 1 – CONGRESS 2015 Copyright © ESOMAR 2015 WHEN SHOULD WE ASK, WHEN SHOULD WE MEASURE? COMPARING INFORMATION FROM PASSIVE AND ACTIVE DATA COLLECTION Melanie Revilla • Carlos Ochoa • Roos Voorend • Germán Loewe INTRODUCTION Different sources of data Questionnaires have been a fundamental tool for market research for decades. With the arrival of internet, the questionnaire, a tool invented more than 100 years ago, was simply adapted to online data collection. The arrival of online panels in the 2000s meant an important boost for online questionnaires, and as a consequence, the tipping point for their online migration. We have come this far making all kind of market research projects using almost always the same tool. But this does not mean there is no room or need for improvement. If researchers massively used questionnaires during all these years, it is not because this is the most suited data collection tool for all the problems they faced; but because there were no better alternatives available. In addition, nowadays, things are changing really fast. This affects survey-based market research, particularly when the data collection process relies on respondent’s memory. A tool that was working reasonably in the past may not be sufficient anymore. Indeed, in the last decades, with the development of new technologies, an increased part of the consumer activity takes place on the internet. Also, we have witnessed an explosion of relevant events for marketing: increased consumer ad exposure through multiple channels, increased availability of products and brands, complex and quick decision making processes, etc. Larger memory issues may be expected in this new situation.
    [Show full text]
  • Planning and Implementing Household Surveys Under COVID-19
    TECHNICAL GUIDANCE NOTE Planning and Implementing Household Surveys Under COVID-19 TECHNICAL GUIDANCE NOTE Planning and Implementing Household Surveys Under COVID-19 Date: 15 December 2020 Keywords: Household surveys, Face-to-face interview, Safety protocol, COVID-19 ii Contents Acknowledgements iii Introduction 5 1. General principles 6 2. Planning data collection 7 2.1 Setting/Revisiting survey objectives 7 2.2 Assessing the COVID-19 situation 7 2.3 Building the project team 7 2.4 Budgeting 8 2.5 Choosing the mode of data collection 9 2.6 Designing the questionnaire 10 3. Field organization 11 3.1 Recruiting field staff 11 3.2 Organizing field staff 12 3.3 Advocacy and communication 12 3.4 Survey materials and equipment 13 3.5 Training field staff 13 Protocols 14 Venue 15 Supplies 15 During training 15 3.6 Making fieldwork plan 16 4. Fieldwork 17 4.1 Before the interview 17 4.2 During the interview 18 4.3 After the interview 18 4.4 Transportation to and from the field 18 5. Post fieldwork 19 ANNEX 1. Checklist for planning and carrying out household survey sunder COVID-19 20 ANNEX 2. Etiquette for organizing and attending remote training sessions 25 ANNEX 3. COVID-19 Risk Assessment Questionnaire 26 ANNEX 4. Informed consent (example) 28 iii Acknowledgements This Technical Guidance Note was prepared by Haoyi Chen from the Inter-Secretariat Working Group on Household Surveys and, Gbemisola Oseni, Amparo Palacios-Lopez, and Akiko Sagesaka from the Living Standards Measurement Study team of the World Bank. It was produced under the direction of co-Leads of the COVID-19 Task Force: Francesca Perucci, Deputy Director of the United Nations Statistics Division; Gero Carletto, Manager of the Living Standards Measurement Study of the World Bank and Silvia Montoya, Director of the UNESCO Institute for Statistics.
    [Show full text]
  • Preparing and Fielding High-Quality Surveys Practical Strategies for Successfully Implementing Neighborhood and School Climate Surveys in Promise Neighborhoods
    NEIGHBORHOODS, CITIE S, AND METROS RESEARCH REPORT Preparing and Fielding High-Quality Surveys Practical Strategies for Successfully Implementing Neighborhood and School Climate Surveys in Promise Neighborhoods Kaitlin Franks Hildner Elizabeth Oo Peter A. Tatian June 2015 ABOUT THE URBAN INSTITUTE The nonprofit Urban Institute is dedicated to elevating the debate on social and economic policy. For nearly five decades, Urban scholars have conducted research and offered evidence-based solutions that improve lives and strengthen communities across a rapidly urbanizing world. Their objective research helps expand opportunities for all, reduce hardship among the most vulnerable, and strengthen the effectiveness of the public sector. Copyright © June 2015. Urban Institute. Permission is granted for reproduction of this file, with attribution to the Urban Institute. Cover image by Tim Meko. Contents Acknowledgments iv Introduction 1 Characteristics of a High-Quality Survey 2 Neighborhood Survey 4 Mode of Survey Data Collection 4 Considerations When Constructing a Survey Sample 4 Preparation and Logistics of Survey Field Management 5 Recommendations for Sample Training Scenarios 12 School Survey 18 Conclusion 20 Appendix A 21 Appendix B 23 Notes 24 References 25 About the Authors 26 Statement of Independence 27 Acknowledgments This report was funded by the US Department of Education. We are grateful to them and to all our funders, who make it possible for Urban to advance its mission. Funders do not, however, determine our research findings or the insights and recommendations of our experts. The views expressed are those of the authors and should not be attributed to the Urban Institute, its trustees, or its funders.
    [Show full text]
  • Sampling and Household Listing Manual [DHSM4]
    SAMPLING AND HOUSEHOLD LISTING MANuaL Demographic and Health Surveys Methodology This document is part of the Demographic and Health Survey’s DHS Toolkit of methodology for the MEASURE DHS Phase III project, implemented from 2008-2013. This publication was produced for review by the United States Agency for International Development (USAID). It was prepared by MEASURE DHS/ICF International. [THIS PAGE IS INTENTIONALLY BLANK] Demographic and Health Survey Sampling and Household Listing Manual ICF International Calverton, Maryland USA September 2012 MEASURE DHS is a five-year project to assist institutions in collecting and analyzing data needed to plan, monitor, and evaluate population, health, and nutrition programs. MEASURE DHS is funded by the U.S. Agency for International Development (USAID). The project is implemented by ICF International in Calverton, Maryland, in partnership with the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health/Center for Communication Programs, the Program for Appropriate Technology in Health (PATH), Futures Institute, Camris International, and Blue Raster. The main objectives of the MEASURE DHS program are to: 1) provide improved information through appropriate data collection, analysis, and evaluation; 2) improve coordination and partnerships in data collection at the international and country levels; 3) increase host-country institutionalization of data collection capacity; 4) improve data collection and analysis tools and methodologies; and 5) improve the dissemination and utilization of data. For information about the Demographic and Health Surveys (DHS) program, write to DHS, ICF International, 11785 Beltsville Drive, Suite 300, Calverton, MD 20705, U.S.A. (Telephone: 301-572- 0200; fax: 301-572-0999; e-mail: [email protected]; Internet: http://www.measuredhs.com).
    [Show full text]
  • Question Formulation and Instrument Design Arnim H
    WORKSHOP ON QUESTIONAIRE DESIGN Resource Paper Question Formulation and Instrument Design Arnim H. Meyburg School of Civil and Environmental Engineering Cornell University Helen M. A. Metcalf PlanTrans INTRODUCTION, RATIONALE, AND BACKGROUND ommon sense should dictate in large part the design of survey instruments, once a Cdecision about the appropriate survey procedure has been made. And it should also dominate the issue of question formulation. Nowhere in the whole travel survey methodology is it more true that the development of travel surveys resembles an art rather than a science. In the context of survey instrument design and question formulation, we are concerned with controlling possible bias that can be introduced through poor design. The discussion is outside the more tangible and precise statistical assessment of (sampling) error. However, the two major concerns, namely, that of undesirable variability [“instrument uncertainty”, (1), p. 148] in the data collected, and that of ending up with data that are not what were the intended data (“instrument bias”), are prevalent in survey research and practice. It is a truism that anybody can develop a questionnaire. It is, however, a completely different issue whether such a questionnaire will generate the information that the developer and analyst are interested in obtaining, and that is suitable for answering the survey objectives. And this question needs to be asked with respect to the quality, as well as with respect to the quantity (nonresponse issue), of the data. This resource paper focuses on the issue of question formulation and survey instrument design. No standardized procedures for question formulation and survey instrument design have been developed, nor is it likely that they will be developed in the near future, given the variety of survey objectives, client expectations, social, cultural, and language environments, etc.
    [Show full text]
  • Riding the Value Shift in Market Research
    CONGRESS 2010 RIDING THE VALUE SHIFT IN MARKET RESEARCH ONLY THE PARANOID SURVIVE David G. Bakken Published by ESOMAR: September 2010 First presented at: Congress 2010 Copyright © ESOMAR 2010. All rights reserved. ISBN 92-831-0244-4 CONGRESS 2010 PART 4 / THE DISCUSSION SPACE ABOUT ESOMAR ESOMAR is the world organisation for enabling better research into markets, consumers and societies. With approximately 5000 members in over 100 countries, ESOMAR’s aim is to promote the value of market and opinion research in illuminating real issues and bringing about effective decision-making. To facilitate this ongoing dialogue, ESOMAR creates and manages a comprehensive programme of industryspecific and thematic events, publications and communications, as well as actively advocating self- regulation and the worldwide code of practice. ESOMAR was founded in 1948. ABOUT ESOMAR MEMBERSHIP ESOMAR is open to everyone, all over the world, who believes that high quality research improves the way businesses make decisions. Our members are active in a wide range of industries and come from a variety of professional backgrounds, including research, marketing, advertising and media. Membership benefits include the right to be listed in the ESOMAR Directories of Research Organisations and to use the ESOMAR Membership mark, plus access to a range of publications (either free of charge or with discount) and registration to all standard events, including the Annual Congress, at preferential Members’ rates. Members have the opportunity to attend and speak at conferences or take part in workshops. At all events the emphasis is on exchanging ideas, learning about latest developments and best practice and networking with other professionals in marketing, advertising and research.
    [Show full text]
  • Are Data Collected by Nsos Biased? a Comparison of Afrobarometer and Governance, Peace and Security Surveys in Africa
    Are data collected by NSOs biased? A comparison of Afrobarometer and Governance, Peace and Security surveys in Africa Thomas Calvo, Mireille Razafindrakoto, François Roubaud DIAL, LEDa, IRD, Université Paris-Dauphine, PSL Research University. November, 2018 Authors Keywords: Interviewer effect; Household survey; Governance; Perception; Africa. JEL classification codes: D02, C81, C83, O10, O55. Abstract The need to collect data on governance related issues has been growing since the 2010s. African countries are now leaders to collect governance, peace and security related household data. Yet, sensitive survey data collected by government dependent institutions have been recently pointed out as potentially biased due to self-censorship from respondents. This paper studies the potential response bias from sensitive surveys, here governance-related surveys, collected by public organisations. We originally combine Afrobarometer survey data, collected by claimed independent institutions and first-hand and harmonized Governance, Peace and Security (GPS-SHaSA) survey data, integrated in representative traditional household surveys conducted by the National Statistical Offices (NSOs). We identify more than twenty similarly worded questions regarding the democracy functioning, the trust in institutions and the perceived level of corruption of public servants. Estimating ordered logit, we first compare responses from Afrobarometer (AB) respondents according to the respondents’ perception of the survey sponsor identity. No systematic response bias is found between respondents who believe the government and those who believe an independent institution is behind the AB survey. The residual differences observed are explained by selection bias mitigated through propensity score matching. The absence of a systematic self- censorship is further evidenced through a RCT-like framework comparing responses from respondents interviewed by a NSO agent and those interviewed a declared independent agent.
    [Show full text]
  • Chapter 5. Interviews, Focus Groups, and Surveys
    Chapter 5. Interviews, Focus Groups, and Surveys Section 5.1. Setting the stage Data collection through observation yields rich information about how people do things, but this insight only provides part of the story. It is also important to understand why a system has been set up, or things are being done, in a particular way. Understanding why from the subject’s perspective helps to prevent you, the observer, from introducing bias by assigning your own assumptions to something you have observed. It is also important to help you learn about people’s mental models, preferences, and knowledge, in the context of technology use. Sometimes observations do result in an understanding of why the system functions as it does; namely, if you have the time and freedom to talk with, and ask questions of the people you are shadowing. However, in reality this is usually difficult because those being observed are busy, with little time to answer questions at length. This is why it is a good idea to plan to collect data in a number of ways, from multiple subjects, including using methods like interviews, focus groups, and surveys. Interviews, focus groups, and surveys are all qualitative data collection methods used to gather information from subjects by asking them questions. They are useful for gathering data about participant perceptions, user preferences, or knowledge about a process, task or organizational issue, and are often applied in conjunction with observations (Chapter 4). However, they do not always correlate with optimized user performance and improved patient safety. This dissonance is an established human factors phenomenon called the performance versus preference paradox, [28] which states that users do not always perform better with items they prefer.
    [Show full text]
  • Measuring Public Support for Democracy: a Resource Guide
    Measuring Public Support for Democracy A Resource Guide www.idea.int © 2017 International Institute for Democracy and Electoral Assistance International IDEA publications are independent of specific national or political interests. Views expressed in this publication do not necessarily represent the views of International IDEA, its Board or its Council members. References to the names of countries and regions in this publication do not represent the official position of International IDEA with regard to the legal status or policy of the entities mentioned. Applications for permission to reproduce or translate all or any part of this publication should be made to: International IDEA Strömsborg SE–103 34 STOCKHOLM SWEDEN Tel: +46 8 698 37 00 Email: [email protected] Website: <http://www.idea.int> International IDEA encourages dissemination of its work and will promptly respond to requests for permission to reproduce or translate its publications. This publication has received support from International IDEA’s Member States through the Institute’s core funding. Grateful acknowledgement is made to the governments of Norway and Sweden, whose generous support made this publication possible. Text editing: Andrew Mash Layout: International IDEA Original design concept: Phoenix Design Aid Measuring Public Support for Democracy Helena Schwertheim This Resource Guide is part of a series designed for readers, including students and practitioners, interested in exploring further some of the themes and issues raised in the first edition of International IDEA’sThe Global State of Democracy 2017: Exploring Democracy's Resilience (International IDEA 2017). The contents of the series reflect the topics of each chapter in the larger report, presenting current and past debates and key concepts related to each topic.
    [Show full text]
  • Federal Register/Vol. 86, No. 25/Tuesday, February 9, 2021
    8756 Federal Register / Vol. 86, No. 25 / Tuesday, February 9, 2021 / Notices statements to make lending decisions as submission of the information collection address and respond to survey issues to borrowers’ credit worthiness and to request (ICR) to OMB for approval. and needs. As part of the Decennial assure that loan funds are approved, DATES: To ensure consideration, Census Program, the ACS also provides advanced and disbursed for proper RE comments regarding this proposed an opportunity to research and test Act purposes. These financial information collection must be received elements of survey data collection that statements are audited by a certified on or before April 12, 2021. relate to the decennial census. As such, public accountant to provide ADDRESSES: Interested persons are the ACS Methods Panel can serve as a independent assurance that the data invited to submit written comments by testbed for the decennial census. From being reported are properly measured email to [email protected]. Please 2021 to 2024, the ACS Methods Panel and fairly presented. reference American Community Survey may test ACS and decennial census Estimate of Burden: Public reporting Methods Panel Tests in the subject line methods for reducing survey cost, burden for this collection of information of your comments. You may also submit addressing respondent burden, and is estimated to average 8.17 hours per comments, identified by Docket Number improving survey response, data response. USBC–2021–0002, to the Federal quality, and survey efficiencies. The Respondents: Business or other for- e-Rulemaking Portal: http:// ACS Methods Panel may also address profit, Not-for-profit institutions.
    [Show full text]