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Laramide Stratigraphy of the Little Hatchet Mountains, Southwestern

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Laramide Stratigraphy of the Little Hatchet Mountains, Southwestern Laramidestratigraphy ofthe Little Hatchet Mountains, southwesternNew Mexico by TimothyF. Lawtonl;George T. Basabitvao2;Scott A. Hodgson';Dee A. Wilsons;Greg H. Mack';Wittian C. Mclntosh{;Spencer G. Lucass;and Kenneth K. Kietkes lDepartment Mexico LasCruces, NM 88003; 2U. S. Geological Survey, P.0. Box 6544, Las Cruces, NM 88003; 3ledsette'BrashearsofGeological a Granam'utnc- Sciences, New State University, socorro'NM87801; fl?liJll,,1iiil';ii?Ll,1lfil,3i#iJJi'ilHilyil:sfiilJ:fi,:,1,ffiil'f#[}"'3!^*"'ces' Abstract Cretaceous-Paleogenerocks of the Little Hatchet Mountains in southwest- ern New Mexico include the Ringbone, Hidalgo, and Skunk Ranch Formations. The Ringbone Formation is up to 1,600 m (5,250ft) thick and rangesin age from late Campanian through early Maas- trichtian. It was deposited in alluvial- fan, fluvial, and lacustrine environ- ments. The Hidalgo Formation, which overlies the Ringbone, comprises 1,700 m (5,500 ft) of volcanic breccia, flows, and tuff. Radiometric age control on rocks collectedin the Little HatchetMountains indicatesan agerange ot77.4to6L.7 Ma for the Hidalgo Formation. The Skunk Ranch Formation is up to 490 m (1,605 f0 thick and Paleocen'e-Eocenein age, basedon ostracodesand gastropods.It overlies volcanic flows in the uppermost part of Ringbone and contains an an- desite brecciain its middle membet de- fined here. These volcanic rocks are interpreted as flows associatedwith the Hidalgo Formation; thus, the Skunk Ranch is inferred to be correlative, at least in part, with the Hidalgo Forma- tion. The Skunk Ranch Formation ac- cumulated in alluvial-fan and lacustrine settings. Cretaceous-Paleogenestrata of the Little Hatchet Mountains record the in- timate association of volcanism with Laramide deformation in southwestern New Mexico. In addition, the stratig- raphy lends support to proposed mod- els of two periods of crustal deformation during the Laramide orogeny of the southwestern United States.These two periods include latest Cretaceousbase- ment-block uplift associated with de- velopment of lntermontane (Ringbone) basins and a Paleocene-Eocene(Skunk Ranch) phase of shortening that de- formed the earlier basins and modified patterns of sedimentation. Late-phase deformation was accompanied bv for- mation of both reuerseand normal iaults. Introduction The sedimentologic record of the Lar- amide orogeny in the southwestem United States consists of widely scattered expo- sures, diverse lithologies, and scant diagnostic fossil material. These charac- teristics impede correlation of mappable units and obscure the tectonic origin of some units. Uppermost Cretaceous strata FIGURE l-Geologic map of northern part of Little Hatchet Mountains, modified from Zeller in- inferred to represent Laramide deposits (7970), Rosaz (1989),and-Hodgson (1991).Generalized traces of measured sections in Fig. 3 A, B, C, and D. Kh, Hell-to-Finish Formation; Ku, U-Bar Formation; are widely distributed in southeastern Ar- dicated by line segments Km, Mojido Formation; Ringbone Formation, divided into lower (Krl), middle (Krm), and upp-er izona and northern Sonora (Dickinson et (Kru) members;TKh, Hidalgo Formation; Skunk RanchFormation, divided into lower (Tsl), middle al.,1989); Paleogene deposits of probable (Tsm), and upper (Tsu) members; Tv, Eoceneand Oligocene volcanic rocks; Q, Quaternary de- Laramide origin are likewise present in posits. ContaitJ between members of Ringbone located very approximately in northeast corner southwestern and south-central New of rnap. Tertiary intrusive rocks in the Hidalgo Formation northeast of the Hidalgo fault are not Mexico (Seager and Mack, 1986). rG shown. Western and eastern map boundaries are edges of R16W New Mexico Geology February 1993 With the exception of the Cabullona Ba- sin in northern Sonora (Lucasand Gon- Lasky (1947) Zeller (1970) This Repon Age zliez-Le5n, 1990), the most complete, known Laramide successionoccurs in the C) Little Hatchet Mountains of southwestern SkunkRanch Ringbone SkunkRanch (Zeller, Although the !l c.r New Mexico 1970). Conglomerate Formation Formation YO g9 range is structurally complex, the Upper €v Cretaceousand Paleogenestratigraphy is Hidalgo Hidalgo Hidalgo -?- complete and well exposed. reasonably Volcanics Volcanics Formation The Little Hatchet Mountains contain an excellent record of the Laramide history of the southwesternUnited States.Lar- PlayasPeak amide rocks are exposed in four blocks Formation separated by faults (Fig. 1), but correla- tion of stratigraphic sectionspermits a re- o construction of the original stratigraphic Howells Ridge relationships. Formation Ringbone Ringbone Q In this paper, we summarize our recent Formation Formation g work on the Laramide stratigraphy of the J Little Hatchet Mountains. The data in- Ringbone clude measured and correlated strati- Shale graphic sections (Basabilvazo, 1991.; Wilson, 1991),geologic mapping (Hodg- son, 1991),bioshatigraphic control (Law- BrokenJug ton et al., 1990;Lucas et al., 1990),and a Limestone new 4Ar/3eArdate. The new age and rec- ognition of key correlative intervals re- FIGURE 2-Comparison of stratigraphic terminology of this report.with Previous stratigraphic quire revision of the stratigraphicsequence nomenclature of the Little HatcheiM6untains. Age iiierpretation applies to this-report only: Lasky in the range. In addition, the depositional (1947)considered the illustrated formations to 6e Early Cretaceousage based on fossils in the record supports the hypothesis that Lar- ifo*"ttt Ridge Formation, part of which is now consideredU-Bar Formation (Zellet, 1970),and PlayasPeak amide deformation occurredin two stages: in the CorbeitSandstone, not ,ho*n but placedby Laskybetween Howells Ridge and Neither of the previous strati 1) a late Campanian-early Maastrichtian Formations and now consideredMojado^Formati,on (Zeller, 1970). sequencebecause each contains correlation errors. episodeof transpressionalblock uplift and graphic successionsis depicted in its original basin formation (Seager,1983);2) a Pale- ocene-early Eocene episode of thrusting stone, in the Ringbone Formation, al- Mountains, volcanic rocks assignedto the or convergentwrenching (Hodgson, 1991). though he retained the name Hidalgo Hidalgo Formation have yielded zircon The volcanism appears to have begun Volcanics. fissioi-track ages of 67-3t7.1' Ma, during the first episode of deformation Neither of the previous stratigraphic 57.9+2.7Ma, and 54.9-r2.7Ma (Marvin and continued into the second. studiescorrectly depicts the proper ageor et al., 1978). The younger ages may be sequenceof lithologic units in the Little reset and probably record thermal effects Previous stratigraphic nomenclature Hatchet Mountains. Lasky believed all the from intrusion of the Lordsburg stock Although only a small body of previ- stratigraphic units to be Early Cretaceous (Loring and Loring, 1980). ously publishedwork existsfrom the Lit- age oh the basis of marine fossils in the tle Hatchet Mountains, the stratigraphic Howells Ridge Formation and Corbett Stratigraphy and age of Laramide strata nomenclatureis diverse(Fig. 2), partly as Sandstone.These strata have been reas- a result of the complex structural geology signed, in part, to the Lower Cretaceous Uppermost Cretaceousand ?aleogene of the range. Strataconsidered by us as U-Bar and Mojado Formations, respec- rocks^of this report are included in the Ringbone Formation were originally as- tively, by Zeller (1970).Zeller considered Rinebone, Hidalgo, and Skunk Ranch order (Fig. 2). signed by Lasky (1947)to the Broken Jug the Ringboneto be Late Cretaceousor early ForXrations,in aicending a Limestone, the Ringbone Shale,the How- Tertiary ageon the basisof the fossil palm, These units do not occur together in ells Ridge Formation, the PlayasPeak For- Sabal,now re fenedto Sabalites(Zelle1, 1970; singlestratigraphic sequence anywhere in mation, and the Skunk Ranch Lucaset al., 1990).The overlyingHidalgo thJrange, in part becausethe Hidalgo Conglomerate(lower part), in ascending Volcanicswere regardedby Zeller as early and Skrink Ranch are lateral equivalents order.The CorbettSandstone, considered Tertiary based on the presenceof fossil and in part becauseshifting loci of dep- by Lasky to lie between the Howells Ridge dicotyledonouswood. osition iocallv resulted in erosion of the and PlayasPeak Formations, is actuallya Radiometricdating of the Hidalgo For- Ringbone prior to Skunk Ranch deposi- about the mu- Lower Cretaceous formation and is not mation in the northern Part of the Little tion. Uncertainty remains included in our Ringbone Formation. Hatchets and inferred equivalents in the tual relationshipsof the Hidalgo and Skunk Lasky assigned a thick sequence of an- Pyramid Mountains to the northwest sup- Ranch Formations; however, we believe desitic breccia, tuff, and flows to the Hi- ports a Cretaceous-Tertiary age for the the correlationspresented here are correct dalgo Volcanics. He applied the name volcanic pile. An andesite flow in the up- in general. The Laramide units are de- Skunk RanchConglomerate to the young- per part of the Ringbone Formation, sam- scribed briefly in the following sections est sedimentarybedrock unit in the range. pled by Lasky and studied later by Marvin and new data pertaining to their ages The Skunk RanchFormation of this report et al. (1978),yielded a zircon fission-track summarized. is svnonvmouswith Laskv'sSkunk Ranch, age of 69.6+3.2 Ma. Porphyritic basalt excLpt near Playaslea( 1), where from the Hidalgo Formation in an area 1flg. Ringbone
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