Isotropis cuneifolia LC Taxonomic Authority: (Sm.) Benth. ex Heynh.  Global Assessment  Regional Assessment Region: Global  Endemic to region Synonyms Common Names GRANNY BONNETS English (Primary) LAMB POISON English

Upper Level Kingdom: PLANTAE Phylum: TRACHEOPHYTA Class: MAGNOLIOPSIDA Order: Family: LEGUMINOSAE Lower Level Taxonomy Rank: Infra- rank name:  Hybrid Subpopulation: Authority:

Two subspecies are recognised: Isotropis cuneifolia subsp. cuneifolia and I. cuneifolia subsp. glabra Keighery

General Information Distribution Isotropis cuneifolia is endemic to Australia, distributed in the state of Western Australia.

Range Size Elevation Biogeographic Realm Area of Occupancy: Upper limit: 340  Afrotropical Extent of Occurrence: Lower limit:  Antarctic Map Status: Depth  Australasian Upper limit:  Neotropical Lower limit:  Oceanian Depth Zones  Palearctic  Shallow photic  Bathyl  Hadal  Indomalayan  Photic  Abyssal  Nearctic Population Total population size is not known but it was recently recorded in 2007 and it is a common plant of south-west Western Australia.

Total Population Size Minimum Population Size: Maximum Population Size: Habitat and Ecology This small shrub or perennial herb grows in various habitats, including forests, woodland, shrubland and heath, on sandy soils or lateritic gravel. It is commom throughout the south-west of Western Australia. It is toxic to stock. This short-lived plant is very common after bushfires, but usually quickly overwhelmed by hot dry weather or taller vegetation, leaving only odd in later years to germinate in open locations (Archer 2009). I. cuneifolia subsp. glabra occurs in Casuarina obesa and Eucalyptus rudis woodlands (Keighery 2001).

System Movement pattern Crop Wild Relative  Terrestrial  Freshwater  Nomadic  Congregatory/Dispersive  Is the species a wild relative of a crop?  Marine  Migratory  Altitudinally migrant

Growth From Definition Forb or Herb Biennial or perennial herbacaeous plant, also termed a Hemicryptophyte Shrub - small Perennial shrub small (<1m) or dwarf shrub, also termed a Chamaephyte (<1m)

Threats There are no major threats known to this species. However, the native vegetation of south-west Western Australia has been extensively cleared for urban development and agriculture. Furthermore, many forests of the area were attacked by dieback root disease. The communities where this species occurs are fire sensitive, needing the right intensity and frequency of fire to regenerate. The shrublands and woodlands on Perth to Gingin ironstone have been listed as Critically Endangered in 1995 with major threates including weed invasion, grazing, inappropriate fire regime, clearing, and possibly changes to hydrology such as salinisation and altered patterns of inundation (English and Blyth 2000).

Past Present Future 1 Habitat Loss/Degradation (human induced)  1.1 Agriculture  1.4 Infrastructure development  1.4.2 Human settlement  1.5 Invasive alien species (directly impacting habitat)  1.7 Fires  7 Natural disasters  7.4 Wildfire  Conservation Measures Across its range, several populations of this species occur within protected areas. Most notably it occurs in Fitzgerald River and Mount Roe National Parks. This species is not listed as Threatened in the Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act). The subspecies I. cuneifolia subsp. glabra is listed as Priority 2 (Smith 2010), a species only known from one or few populations with at least some not believed to be under immidiate threat. The habitat where this subspecies occurs has been declared as Critically Endangered and a recovery plan is underway (English and Blyth 2000). It is recommended that the seeds of this species are banked as an ex situ conservation measure and that further reasearch is carried out on the threats and habitat status to this species, especially subsp. glabra.

In Place Needed 1 Policy-based actions  1.1 Management plans  1.1.1 Development  1.1.2 Implementation  3 Research actions  3.4 Habitat status  3.5 Threats  4 Habitat and site-based actions  4.4 Protected areas  5 Species-based actions  5.7 Ex situ conservation actions  5.7.2 Genome resource bank 

Countries of Occurrence PRESENCE ORIGIN Year Breeding Non- Passage Possibly ExtinctPresence Native Introduced Re- Vagrant Origin Round Season breeding migrant extinct uncertain Introduced uncertain only season only Australia    Western Australia   

General Habitats Score Description Major Importance 1 Forest 1UnsetSuitable 1.4 Forest - Temperate1Unset Suitable 2 Savanna 1UnsetSuitable 2.1 Savanna - Dry1Unset Suitable 3 Shrubland 1UnsetSuitable 3.8 Shrubland - Mediterranean-type Shrubby Vegetation1Unset Suitable

Species Utilisation  Species is not utilised at all

Trend in the level of wild offtake/harvest in relation to total wild population numbers over the last five years: Trend in the amount of offtake/harvest produced through domestication/cultivation over the last five years: CITES status: Not listed

IUCN Red Listing Red List Assessment:(using 2001 IUCN system) Least Concern (LC)

Red List Criteria: Date Last Seen (only for EX, EW or Possibly EX species): Is the species Possibly Extinct?  Possibly Extinct Candidate?  Rationale for the Red List Assessment I. cuneifolia is listed as Least Concern in view its wide distribution in south-west Western Australia through many different habitats. Also for the fact that it is known to occur within protected areas and there are no major threats known to this species. Many of the natural habitas of this region were extensively cleared for agriculture and urban development, and the communities are fire sensitive, needing the correct fire regime for regeneration. Furthermore, the subspecies I. cuneifolia subsp. glabra has been listed as Priotity 2 (Smith 2010) and a recovery plan for this community is being implemented (English and Blyth 2000). It is recommended that its seeds are banked as an ex situ conservation measure and that the habitat and threats are surveyed in the near future. Reason(s) for Change in Red List Category from the Previous Assessment:  Genuine Change  Nongenuine Change  No Change  Genuine (recent)  New information  Taxonomy  Same category  Genuine (since first assessment)  Knowledge of Criteria  Criteria Revisio and criteria  Incorrect data used  Other  Same category but previously change in criteria Current Population Trend: Stable Date of Assessment: 02/08/2010 Name(s) of the Assessor(s): Malcolm, P. Evaluator(s): Notes:

% population decline in the past: Time period over which the past decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): % population decline in the future: Time period over which the future decline has been measured for applying Criterion A or C1 (in years or generations): Number of Locations: Severely Fragmented: Number of Mature Individuals:

Bibliography Archer, W., 2009, Granny Bonnets - Isotropis cuneifolia, Esperance wildflowers2 August 2010, , , Commonwealth of Australia, 1999, Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999 (EPBC Act)10 June 2010, , , Corrick, G.C. and Fuhrer, B.A., 1996, Wildflowers of Southern Western Australia, A.S. George, , The Five Mile Press Pty Ltd, Victoria English, V. and Blyth, J., 2000, Shrublands and woodlands on Perth to Gingin ironstone interim recovery plan 2000 2003, Department of Conservation and Land Management Western Australian Threatened Species and Communities Unit, , , Wanneroo Grieve, B.J., 1998, How to know Western Australian Wildflowers, , University of Western Australian Press, Nedlands Keighery, G.J., 2001, A new subspecies of Isotropis cuneifolia (), Nuytsia3, 471-474, , Mockrin, M. and Kitching, R., 2001, Southeast Australia temperate savanna (AA0803), Wild World WWF full report14 June 2010, , , Nevill, S. and McQuoid, N., 2006, Guide to the wildflowers of Western Australia, , Simon Nevill Publications, Fremantle Smith, M.G., 2010, Declared Rare and Priority Flora List for Western Australia, 25 March 2010, , Dept of Environment and Conservation, Como, W.A, Wheeler, J., Marchant, N. and Lewington, M., 2002, Flora of the south west: Bunbury - Augusta - Denmark., , ABRS and W.A. Herbarium in association with UWA Press, Canberra