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Freshwater Fishes
WESTERN CAPE PROVINCE state oF BIODIVERSITY 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction 2 Chapter 2 Methods 17 Chapter 3 Freshwater fishes 18 Chapter 4 Amphibians 36 Chapter 5 Reptiles 55 Chapter 6 Mammals 75 Chapter 7 Avifauna 89 Chapter 8 Flora & Vegetation 112 Chapter 9 Land and Protected Areas 139 Chapter 10 Status of River Health 159 Cover page photographs by Andrew Turner (CapeNature), Roger Bills (SAIAB) & Wicus Leeuwner. ISBN 978-0-620-39289-1 SCIENTIFIC SERVICES 2 Western Cape Province State of Biodiversity 2007 CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION Andrew Turner [email protected] 1 “We live at a historic moment, a time in which the world’s biological diversity is being rapidly destroyed. The present geological period has more species than any other, yet the current rate of extinction of species is greater now than at any time in the past. Ecosystems and communities are being degraded and destroyed, and species are being driven to extinction. The species that persist are losing genetic variation as the number of individuals in populations shrinks, unique populations and subspecies are destroyed, and remaining populations become increasingly isolated from one another. The cause of this loss of biological diversity at all levels is the range of human activity that alters and destroys natural habitats to suit human needs.” (Primack, 2002). CapeNature launched its State of Biodiversity Programme (SoBP) to assess and monitor the state of biodiversity in the Western Cape in 1999. This programme delivered its first report in 2002 and these reports are updated every five years. The current report (2007) reports on the changes to the state of vertebrate biodiversity and land under conservation usage. -
Aspects of the Ecology and Conservation of Frogs in Urban Habitats of South Africa
Frogs about town: Aspects of the ecology and conservation of frogs in urban habitats of South Africa DJD Kruger 20428405 Thesis submitted for the degree Philosophiae Doctor in Zoology at the Potchefstroom Campus of the North-West University Supervisor: Prof LH du Preez Co-supervisor: Prof C Weldon September 2014 i In loving memory of my grandmother, Kitty Lombaard (1934/07/09 – 2012/05/18), who has made an invaluable difference in all aspects of my life. ii Acknowledgements A project with a time scale and magnitude this large leaves one indebted by numerous people that contributed to the end result of this study. I would like to thank the following people for their invaluable contributions over the past three years, in no particular order: To my supervisor, Prof. Louis du Preez I am indebted, not only for the help, guidance and support he has provided throughout this study, but also for his mentorship and example he set in all aspects of life. I also appreciate the help of my co-supervisor, Prof. Ché Weldon, for the numerous contributions, constructive comments and hours spent on proofreading. I owe thanks to all contributors for proofreading and language editing and thereby correcting my “boerseun” English grammar but also providing me with professional guidance. Prof. Louis du Preez, Prof. Ché Weldon, Dr. Andrew Hamer, Dr. Kirsten Parris, Prof. John Malone and Dr. Jeanne Tarrant are all dearly thanked for invaluable comments on earlier drafts of parts/the entirety of this thesis. For statistical contributions I am especially also grateful to Dr. Andrew Hamer for help with Bayesian analysis and to the North-West Statistical Services consultant, Dr. -
Psoralea Pinnata Global Invasive
FULL ACCOUNT FOR: Psoralea pinnata Psoralea pinnata System: Terrestrial Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Plantae Magnoliophyta Magnoliopsida Fabales Fabaceae Common name dally pine (English, New Zealand), African scurfpea (English), blue Psoralea (English, Australia), bloukeur (English, South Africa), Albany broom (English, Western Australia), blue butterfly bush (English, Australia), blue broom (English, Western Australia), blue pea (English), umhlonishwa (English, South Africa), taylorina (English, Australia), fonteinbos (English, South Africa), penwortel (English, South Africa), Fountain Bush (English, South Africa) Synonym Psoralea arborea Similar species Summary Psoralea pinnata is a slender, medium-sized shrub that occurs in riparian habitats along creeks and rivers, in waste land and disturbed natural vegetation. Any disturbance for e.g. a fire incident can trigger a mass germination of soil stored seed. It is fast growing and forms dense thickets that could shade out and impede the growth of lower stratal species; it is a nitrogen fixer and can alter soil nutrient status. view this species on IUCN Red List Species Description Psoralea pinnata is a slender medium-sized fast growing shrub that can reach upto 5m in height. Its fine deep green linear leaves are deeply divided (about 4cm long). The linear leaf blades occur in crowded alterante spirals (0.8mm to 2mm wide) and tapering from the base. This plant blooms with white, lilac or blue pea shaped sweet smelling flowers in large clusters toward the end of the branches. Flowering is followed by the production of small pods, each of these contain a single dark brown seed [Description from EOL 2010]. The seeds are hard-coated (3.4 × 2.1mm); any disturbance for e.g. -
Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and Its Islands Conservation, Management and Sustainable Use
Biodiversity in Sub-Saharan Africa and its Islands Conservation, Management and Sustainable Use Occasional Papers of the IUCN Species Survival Commission No. 6 IUCN - The World Conservation Union IUCN Species Survival Commission Role of the SSC The Species Survival Commission (SSC) is IUCN's primary source of the 4. To provide advice, information, and expertise to the Secretariat of the scientific and technical information required for the maintenance of biologi- Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna cal diversity through the conservation of endangered and vulnerable species and Flora (CITES) and other international agreements affecting conser- of fauna and flora, whilst recommending and promoting measures for their vation of species or biological diversity. conservation, and for the management of other species of conservation con- cern. Its objective is to mobilize action to prevent the extinction of species, 5. To carry out specific tasks on behalf of the Union, including: sub-species and discrete populations of fauna and flora, thereby not only maintaining biological diversity but improving the status of endangered and • coordination of a programme of activities for the conservation of bio- vulnerable species. logical diversity within the framework of the IUCN Conservation Programme. Objectives of the SSC • promotion of the maintenance of biological diversity by monitoring 1. To participate in the further development, promotion and implementation the status of species and populations of conservation concern. of the World Conservation Strategy; to advise on the development of IUCN's Conservation Programme; to support the implementation of the • development and review of conservation action plans and priorities Programme' and to assist in the development, screening, and monitoring for species and their populations. -
News from the CREW
Volume 4 • December 2007 News from the CREW hat an incredible year W2007 has been for the REW, the Custodians of CREW programme! Both the C Rare and Endangered summer and winter rainfall Wildflowers, is a programme areas have experienced good that involves volunteers from rains with no shortage of inter- the public in the monitoring esting species flowering during and conservation of South Spring. There has been a palpa- Africa’s threatened plants. ble shift in the way the project CREW aims to capacitate a is operating – it seems to have network of volunteers from gained a momentum that is a range of socio-economic unstoppable. There are a whole backgrounds to monitor Vatiswa Zikishe (CREW CFR as- host of new groups operating and conserve South Afri- sistant), Shela Patrickson (CREW ca’s threatened plant spe- in KZN, in Mpumalanga, in the co-oridnator for spring 2007) and cies. The programme links Fynbos and in Namaqualand. Marvin Wagenaar (new Mamre We are receiving excellent CREW biodiversity facilitator) in the volunteers with their local data from a range of volunteer veld in the Garcia State Forest. conservation agencies and groups with so many exciting particularly with local land discoveries and important mon- stewardship initiatives to en- itoring of critically endangered sistant in Cape Town Vatiswa sure the conservation of key populations many of which are Zikishe, who came highly rec- sites for threatened plant detailed in the groups’ articles ommended from the Outramps species. in this issue. in George. Vatiswa is like a beam of sunshine for our pro- We have a number of new staff gramme, she is highly efficient in the CREW programme. -
Trip Report Sept
South Africa Birding & Wildlife | Trip Report Sept. 15 – Oct. 1, 2018 | Written by Participant Karen Worcester Photos by Greg Smith With Guides Nick Fordyce, Dalton Gibbs, and Greg Smith, and participants Karen, Dawn, Ralph, Sheri, Robert, Corinne, Andrea, Rensje, Biny, June, Judith, and Wendy Monday, September 17 Arrivals Today was arrival day, with everyone making their way to the Greenwood Guesthouse, which would be our lodging for the next three nights. One of the commonly seen menu items in this part of the world is Butter Curried Chicken, which was served for dinner. Here we met Nick and Dalton, who along with Greg, would be our guides for the next two weeks. All three were energetic, knowledgeable, and charming. Dalton, who managed a reserve system in the Cape areas as his day job, is an encyclopedia for the natural history of this area. He was well versed in botany, could provide geological, geographical, political, and social context with ease, and had a sense of humor as well. He gave an overview of our trip and the extraordinary South African biome we would be exploring. Nick was lively, funny, and kind, and they made a great team. At least 20% of Africa’s plant diversity is in the Cape Town area. There are 319 threatened species and 13 which are already extinct. As small as it is, it is considered the sixth floral kingdom of the world, with 1000 plant species per square kilometer. For example, there are 700 species of Erica (heather) here, while Scotland has only three. Birds are equally diverse, with 950 species and 144 endemics! In this area, the warm waters of the Indian Ocean meet the cold water of the Atlantic, and the climate is “Mediterranean.” In addition, there is great topographic diversity, which causes diversification through isolation. -
Going to Sustainable
GOING TO SUSTAINABLE Lowering Landscape and Garden Maintenance Including Better Ways to Water and How to Save Water © Joseph L. Seals, 2008, 2009 Copyright Joseph L. Seals, 2008, 2009 LOWERING MAINTENANCE REDUCING MAINTENANCE IN THE PLANNING STAGES Unfortunately, maintenance of the landscape is often assumed or overlooked during the planning and design phase of a project 1) Keep the planting design simple. The more elaborate the plan and planting -- Numbers of plants, variety of plants, -- less than simple lines and shapes -- … the more maintenance is required. For instance, lawn areas need to be plotted so that mowing, edging and periodic maintenance can be accomplished easily. -- Avoid tight angles and sharp corners. -- wide angles, gentle, sweeping curves, and straight lines are much easier to mow. -- Make certain each plant in the plan serves a purpose. 2) Select the right plant for the right place We all know that there are “sun plants” for sunny spots and “shade plants” for shady spots. And we don’t plant “sun plants” in shade nor do we plant “shade plants” in sun. And some of us know that there are drought-tolerant plants that like dry soil and little water -- and there are moisture-loving plants that like their feet wet. And we don’t mix those up either. Such “mix ups” result in everything from the obvious: outright death of the plant involved to a subtly stressed plant that shows various symptoms of “disease” -- whether it’s an actual organism or a physiological condition. Copyright Joseph L. Seals, 2008, 2009 Every time you push a plant beyond its natural adaptations, abilities, and tolerances, you invite problems and you invite higher maintenance When choosing the right plant, start with THE BIG PICTURE: We have a Mediterranean climate. -
Bulbous Plants (Bulbs, Corms, Rhizomes, Etc.) All Plants Grown in Containers
Toll Free: (800) 438-7199 Fax: (805) 964-1329 Local: (805) 683-1561 Web: www.smgrowers.com This January saw powerful storms drop over 10 inches of rain in Santa Barbara. We are thankful for this abundant rainfall that has spared us another drought year and lessoned the threat of another horrible wildfire season. While we celebrate this reprieve, we still need to remember that we live in a mediterranean climate with hot dry summers and limited winter rainfall. California’s population, now at 36 million people and growing, is putting increasing demands on our limited water resources and creating higher urban population densities that push development further into wildland areas. This makes it increasingly important that we choose plants appropriate to our climate to conserve water and also design to minimize fire danger. At San Marcos Growers we continue to focus on plants that thrive in our climate without requiring regular irrigation, and have worked with the City of Santa Barbara Fire Department and other landscape professionals to develop the Santa Barbara Firescape Garden with concepts for fire-safe gardening. We encourage our customers to use our web based resources for information on the low water requirements of our plants, and our Firescape pages with links to sites that explore this concept further. We also encourage homeowners and landscape professionals to work with their municipalities, water districts and fire departments to create beautiful yet water thrifty and fire safe landscapes. This 2008 catalog has 135 new plants added this year for a total of over 1,500 different plants. -
Amphibian Conservation in an Urban Park
T TITLE PAGE AMPHIBIAN CONSERVATION IN AN URBAN PARK: A spatial approach to quantifying threats to Anura on the Cape peninsula Zishan Cassiem Ebrahim Thesis presented in (partial) fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in the Faculty of Botany and Zoology at Stellenbosch University. Supervisor: Dr G.J. Measey December 2017 i Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za DECLARATION By submitting this thesis electronically, I declare that the entirety of the work contained therein is my own, original work, that I am the sole author thereof (save to the extent explicitly otherwise stated), that reproduction and publication thereof by Stellenbosch University will not infringe any third party rights and that I have not previously in its entirety or in part submitted it for obtaining any qualification. Copyright © 2017 Stellenbosch University All rights reserved i Stellenbosch University https://scholar.sun.ac.za ABSTRACT Species’ threat assessments produce generalized threat impact scores, often by considering regional-scale representations of threats. Cities, on the other hand, produce municipal-scale, high resolution data that are proxies for threats; furthermore, cities in mega- diverse regions are home to a high number of threatened species. Prioritization of conservation action is biased for where more information is known (about the ecosystem), and where a positive outcome can be anticipated. Eight Cape peninsula amphibian species have a threatened conservation status. They are isolated on highlands or are restricted to remnant and suburban habitats, dependent on both urban and protected terrestrial and freshwater habitats found in the City of Cape Town and Table Mountain National Park. -
HERPETOFAUNA ASSESSMENT Proposed Princess Vlei Circulatory Trail Grassy Park, Western Cape Province, South Africa
HERPETOFAUNA ASSESSMENT Proposed Princess Vlei Circulatory Trail Grassy Park, Western Cape Province, South Africa Version 1: October 2019 Version 2: April 2020 For The EnvironmentalDRAFT Partnership Kakale Munamati [email protected] By Enviro-Insight Luke Verburgt (Pr. Sci. Nat.) [email protected] Alex Rebelo [email protected] 1 , TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Introduction and Project Purpose ........................................................................................................................................ 4 1.1 Study Area .................................................................................................................................................................. 4 1.2 Terms of Reference .................................................................................................................................................... 8 2 Methods ............................................................................................................................................................................... 9 2.1 Desktop Survey .......................................................................................................................................................... 9 2.1.1 GIS ......................................................................................................................................................................... 9 2.1.2 Herpetofauna Assessment .................................................................................................................................. -
TAXON:Psoralea Axillaris L.F. SCORE:1.0 RATING:Low Risk
TAXON: Psoralea axillaris L.f. SCORE: 1.0 RATING: Low Risk Taxon: Psoralea axillaris L.f. Family: Fabaceae Common Name(s): psoralea Synonym(s): Psoralea linearis Thunb. Assessor: Chuck Chimera Status: Assessor Approved End Date: 24 May 2017 WRA Score: 1.0 Designation: L Rating: Low Risk Keywords: Compact Shrub, Unarmed, Dense Stands, N-Fixing, Reseeder Qsn # Question Answer Option Answer 101 Is the species highly domesticated? y=-3, n=0 n 102 Has the species become naturalized where grown? 103 Does the species have weedy races? Species suited to tropical or subtropical climate(s) - If 201 island is primarily wet habitat, then substitute "wet (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) Intermediate tropical" for "tropical or subtropical" 202 Quality of climate match data (0-low; 1-intermediate; 2-high) (See Appendix 2) High 203 Broad climate suitability (environmental versatility) y=1, n=0 n Native or naturalized in regions with tropical or 204 y=1, n=0 n subtropical climates Does the species have a history of repeated introductions 205 y=-2, ?=-1, n=0 n outside its natural range? 301 Naturalized beyond native range y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2), n= question 205 n 302 Garden/amenity/disturbance weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 303 Agricultural/forestry/horticultural weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 304 Environmental weed n=0, y = 2*multiplier (see Appendix 2) n 305 Congeneric weed n=0, y = 1*multiplier (see Appendix 2) y 401 Produces spines, thorns or burrs y=1, n=0 n 402 Allelopathic 403 Parasitic y=1, n=0 n 404 Unpalatable to grazing animals 405 Toxic to animals y=1, n=0 n 406 Host for recognized pests and pathogens 407 Causes allergies or is otherwise toxic to humans y=1, n=0 n 408 Creates a fire hazard in natural ecosystems 409 Is a shade tolerant plant at some stage of its life cycle Tolerates a wide range of soil conditions (or limestone 410 conditions if not a volcanic island) Creation Date: 24 May 2017 (Psoralea axillaris L.f.) Page 1 of 12 TAXON: Psoralea axillaris L.f. -
Agulhas National Park State of Knowledge
AGULHAS NATIONAL PARK STATE OF KNOWLEDGE Contributors: T. Kraaij, N. Hanekom, I.A. Russell, R.M. Randall SANParks Scientific Services, Garden Route (Rondevlei Office), PO Box 176, Sedgefield, 6573 Last updated: 16 January 2008 Disclaimer This report has been produced by SANParks to summarise information available on a specific conservation area. Production of the report, in either hard copy or electronic format, does not signify that: . the referenced information necessarily reflect the views and policies of SANParks; . the referenced information is either correct or accurate; . SANParks retains copies of the referenced documents; . SANParks will provide second parties with copies of the referenced documents. This standpoint has the premise that (i) reproduction of copywrited material is illegal, (ii) copying of unpublished reports and data produced by an external scientist without the author’s permission is unethical, and (iii) dissemination of unreviewed data or draft documentation is potentially misleading and hence illogical. This report should be cited as: Kraaij T, Hanekom N, Russell IA & Randall RM. 2009. Agulhas National Park – State of Knowledge. South African National Parks. TABLE OF CONTENTS NOTE: TEXT IN SMALL CAPS PERTAINS TO THE MARINE COMPONENT OF THE AGULHAS AREA Abbreviations used 3 Abbreviations used............................................................................................................4 1. ACCOUNT OF AREA...................................................................................................4