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Monograph for the Sango Bay Minziro (Tanzania

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Monograph for the Sango Bay Minziro (Tanzania Monograph for the Sango Bay Minziro (Tanzania - Uganda) Wetland landscape NELSAP Technical Reports: Basin Development Series 2020 - 07 OCTOBER 2020 PROJECT INFORMATION Project name: Development of Wetland Management Plans for three wetland landscapes Project location: 1. Sio-Siteko wetland landscape (Kenya - Uganda) 2. Sango-Bay Minziro wetland landscape (Tanzania - Uganda) 3. Semliki Delta wetland landscape (Democratic U)Republic of Congo - Uganda) Client: Nile Equatorial Lakes Subsidiary Action Program – Coordination Unit (NELSAP – CU) Transaction Number: 81224882 Processing Number: 14.9029.1-001.00 Financial Support: Funded by Federal Ministry of Environment / International Climate Initiative (ICI) (BMUB-ICI) of the Federal Republic of Germany (under its NBI Wetland Project) commissioned by Deutsche Gesellschaft für International Zusammenarbeit (GIZ) GmbH on behalf of the Nile Basin Initiative (NBI) Project Period: January 2018 – March 2021 Deliverable: Final Wetland Monograph Date: January 13th 2020 2 I. TABLE OF CONTENTS I. TABLE OF CONTENTS i II. FOREWORD ........................................................................................................................................vii III. ACKNOWLEDGEMENT .......................................................................................................................ix IV. ACRONYMS ...........................................................................................................................................x EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................................. 1 1 INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................................... 3 1.1 OVERVIEW OF THE WETLAND LANDSCAPE ........................................................................................ 3 1.1.1 Geographical location .................................................................................................................. 3 1.1.2 Ecological potential ..................................................................................................................... 4 1.1.3 Social economic potential ........................................................................................................... 4 1.2 DIGESTION OF PREVIOUS PLANS AND PROGRAMS ........................................................................... 6 1.3 MONOGRAPH PURPOSE AND DEVELOPMENT APPROACH ................................................................ 7 1.4 OUTLINE OF THE MONOGRAPH ......................................................................................................... 8 2 PHYSICAL CONTEXT .............................................................................................................................. 9 2.1 LOCATION AND DELINEATION OF THE WETLAND LANDSCAPE .......................................................... 9 2.2 TOPOGRAPHY, GEOLOGY AND SOILS .................................................................................................. 9 2.2.1 Topography and geomorphology ................................................................................................ 9 2.2.2 Geology and soils ...................................................................................................................... 10 2.3 HYDROLOGY AND WATER RESOURCES ............................................................................................. 14 2.3.1 Meteorology .............................................................................................................................. 14 2.3.2 Surface water ............................................................................................................................ 14 2.3.3 Ground water ............................................................................................................................ 21 2.3.4 Water quality ............................................................................................................................. 22 2.3.5 Hydrological functions of the wetland system .......................................................................... 25 2.4 CLIMATE AND CLIMATE CHANGE ..................................................................................................... 26 2.4.1 Current climate .......................................................................................................................... 27 2.4.2 Current trends ........................................................................................................................... 27 2.4.3 Climate change .......................................................................................................................... 27 2.4.4 Effects of climate change ........................................................................................................... 29 2.4.5 Climate vulnerability ................................................................................................................. 29 3 2.4.6 Carbon storage in Sango Bay Minziro peatlands ....................................................................... 30 2.5 LAND USE AND LAND COVER ........................................................................................................... 31 3 BIODIVERSITY AND ECOSYSTEM SERVICES ......................................................................................... 35 3.1 BIODIVERSITY ................................................................................................................................... 35 3.1.1 Bio-geographical significance of Sango Bay and Minziro areas ................................................. 35 3.1.2 Biodiversity assessments of Sango Bay-Minziro ........................................................................ 35 3.1.3 Plants ......................................................................................................................................... 36 3.1.4 Birds ........................................................................................................................................... 37 3.1.5 Mammals ................................................................................................................................... 38 3.1.6 Amphibians and reptiles ............................................................................................................ 39 3.1.7 Insects ....................................................................................................................................... 40 3.1.8 Fish species ................................................................................................................................ 42 3.1.9 Vermin and invasive species ...................................................................................................... 42 3.2 ECOSYSTEM SERVICES ...................................................................................................................... 43 4 POLICIES AND INSTITUTIONS .............................................................................................................. 49 4.1 MAIN ACTORS AND INTERACTIONS IN THE WETLAND LANDSCAPE ................................................ 49 4.1.1 Global level ................................................................................................................................ 50 4.1.2 Regional level ............................................................................................................................ 50 4.1.3 National level ............................................................................................................................. 50 4.1.4 Local level .................................................................................................................................. 51 4.2 POLICIES AND LEGISLATIONS ........................................................................................................... 51 4.2.1 Global level ................................................................................................................................ 52 4.2.2 Regional level ............................................................................................................................ 52 4.2.3 National level ............................................................................................................................. 52 4.2.4 Local level .................................................................................................................................. 53 4.3 PROTECTED AREAS ........................................................................................................................... 53 4.4 NATURAL RESOURCES MANAGEMENT ............................................................................................ 55 5 SOCIO-ECONOMICS AND LIVELIHOOD ANALYSIS ............................................................................... 58 5.1 LIVELIHOOD AND ECONOMIC SYSTEM ............................................................................................ 58 5.2 LIVESTOCK AND AGRO-PASTORAL SYSTEM ...................................................................................... 59 5.3 CROP PRODUCTION AND FORESTRY ................................................................................................ 61 5.4 FISHERIES AND AQUACULTURE .......................................................................................................
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