Companion the the magazine for the College of St George

View from the Middle Ward Henry VIII’s Garter Knights Feature Princess Alice Archives & Chapter Library Katherine of Aragon’s Book

ISSUE 10 - 2009 £2.80 WELCOME

DIARY OF EVENTS

SEPTEMBER 2009 20 Windsor Festival opening Evensong At Windsor, we have been playing our part in marking 20 -4 Oct Windsor Festival (including concerts, recitals and talks in St George’s Chapel and the Waterloo Chamber) 1 2 -3 Oct Exhibition of collagraphs in St George’s Chapel and the the 500th anniversary of the beginning of the reign of Dean’s Cloister 7 2 September Obit at 10.45 am King Henry VIII on 21 April 1509. OCTOBER 7 Bond Memorial lecture by Professor Eammon Duffy ‘The Cult of Henry VI’ Four times each year, at the Quarterly can remind us that our roots go very 9-24 Exhibition of photographs in St George’s Chapel and the Dean’s Cloister Obit service in St George’s Chapel, deep, and that our history is long. They Henry’s name is included in the can also alert us to the possibility that 13 Feast of Title – Edward the Confessor Commemoration of Benefactors. It the past is closer to us than we might 27-31 Family activities in the Moat Education Room (The Big Draw) comes about two thirds of the way have thought. They might encourage us 29 Lunchtime recital by Filigrane Choir through the list, and is mentioned to see things in a new light. among those ‘who in more recent NOVEMBER REGULAR SERVICES AT Photograph: David Clare centuries have given of their substance Perhaps that is what St George’s does 1 All Saints ST GEORGE’S CHAPEL ARE to aid the College, and have made in many different ways. It stands as All Souls AS FOLLOWS: 2 outstanding contributions to its work’. a symbol of the importance of taking 8 Remembrance Sunday SUNDAY Henry VIII is celebrated as the one stock from time to time, calling the past 1 2 Chapel Choir sing at the turning on of the Windsor lights ‘who brought the work of building the to mind, being prepared to learn the 8.30 am Holy Communion 29 Advent Sunday present Chapel to completion’. lessons that it has to teach, and being 10.45 am *Mattins with sermon grateful where gratitude is due. We can DECEMBER 11.45 am *Sung Eucharist That Henry finds his place among those be enriched by yesterday. Quarterly Obit 5.15 pm *Evensong 1 of ‘more recent centuries’ sometimes December concerts 16 & 17 MONDAY TO SATURDAY brings a smile to the faces of members 18 School carol service of the congregation who do not think 7.30 am Mattins 19-20 Family Activities in the Moat Education Room (A Christmas Ball) 8.00 am Holy Communion of the sixteenth century as being The Right Reverend David Conner 3 2 Community Carol Service 5.15 pm *Evensong (except particularly recent! Nonetheless, the Dean of Windsor 4 2 Christmas Eve – services include Nine Lessons & Carols at 5.15pm and Wednesdays when the words can strike a serious chord. They Midnight Mass at 11.15 pm service is said) 25 Christmas Day – services include Sung Mattins at 10.45am and Evensong at 3.30 pm FRIDAY Additional 12 noon Holy Communion service JANUARY 2010 2 Lunchtime recital by Drake Chamber Choir *sung by the choir of St George’s 6 Epiphany Chapel during term time 30 Be a Chorister for a day

FEBRUARY Companion Production Team: Ash Wednesday The Revd Michael Boag 17 Yvette Day 20 Thames Hospicecare concert Andrew Doe Dr Hueston Finlay (Co-Editor) MARCH Georgie Grant Haworth Megan Sanderson (Co-Editor) contents 2 Quarterly Obit The Editor 18-21 Windsor Festival Spring Weekend The Companion 1 Welcome 8 King Henry VIII’s Sky 16 Katherine of Aragon’s Book College of St George 28 Palm Sunday , SL4 1NJ 2 Henry VIII’s Garter Knights 10 Bricks & Lime Mortar 17 Chaplain in the Park Telephone 01753 865538 4 The Garter Knights 12 Darwin’s Dangerous Idea 18 Another Spring? APRIL [email protected] 6 Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone As seen on... 1 Maundy Thursday www.stgeorges-windsor.org 14 2 Good Friday

Easter Day This publication has been entirely sponsored by the generosity of an anonymous donor. 4 Front cover shows a detail from the commemorative replica of one ©2009 The Dean and Canons of Windsor. All rights reserved and reproduction of any part is not allowed without written permission of the Dean and Canons of Windsor. of the candlesticks created for Henry VIII’s planned tomb. Designed by Exposed Design Consultants. Printed by RCS plc. Photograph: David Clare The Companion • The magazine for the College of St George 1 VIEW FROM THE MIDDLE WARD IN MEMORIUM

The Black Book of Garter

‘repaire to Windsore immediately upon Surgeon Vice-Admiral the receipt of these our letters, & in yor Ian Jenkins presence cause the said hatchments of the said late Duke to bee taken down in sorte as others in like cases have beene. Wherof faile you not’.4 Northumberland’s plate was probably

broken into pieces, like that of the Photograph: Doug Harding Marquess of Northampton, who was also degraded in 1553 (but reinstated in 1559). Amazingly, Northampton’s first plate survives, in pieces, in the British Museum.

Henry VIII’s Knights of the Garter are The whole Castle Community was Stallplate of Sir Richard Wingfield, 1522 the subject of a special feature on the stunned on Thursday 19 February Royal Collection’s online e-Gallery, to learn of the sudden death of the marking the fifth centenary of Henry’s Governor of the Castle, Surgeon Vice- commission a plate ‘such as shall please accession. Each Knight is represented Admiral Ian Jenkins. Ian and his wife Liz him’ provides an explanation for the by a short biography, where possible had been living in Norman Tower for barely dramatically varying appearances of with an image of his stallplate and a more than a year. these little works of art, which give portrait from the Royal Collection. fascinating insights into the interests Six of Henry’s Garter Knights are the In the short time that he was with us of their commissioners. Particularly subject of portraits by Hans Holbein as Governor, Ian won the hearts of intriguing is that of Sir Richard the Younger in the Royal Collection. everybody here. His humanity and Wingfield (KG 1522), whose plate Twenty-five are featured in the famous warmth, his lively interest in people, and The Knights of the Garter under Henry VIII provides an early English example of Black Book of the Garter, dating from his naturally pastoral heart were soon the Renaissance style which was already the mid-1530s, where they are shown recognised and deeply appreciated. flourishing on the continent. Wingfield in procession wearing their Garter A modest man, he was nevertheless In 2009, five hundred An exhibition in the Drawings Gallery Quire. The occupants of these stalls are had spent time as a young man in Italy, robes. Portraits by Holbein, and the inwardly assured and confident and, by at the Castle brings together works commemorated in a series of heraldic and served Henry as an ambassador Black Book, can be seen on display in his presence, brought a sense of ‘simply years after the accession of art and documents from the plaques nailed to the back of each in France and the Low Countries.3 His the Drawings Gallery at the Castle, as being safe’ to people. At the same time, Royal Collection and St George’s stall. Although originally intended as elegant, colourful stallplate reflects part of the exhibition Henry VIII: a 500th it was quite clear to us all that we were of Henry VIII to the Chapel Archives to mark Henry’s memorials to deceased Knights, by a taste undoubtedly acquired on his Anniversary Exhibition. engaging with a tough man who was reign. Beyond the exhibition, Henry’s Henry’s reign these plates were placed travels, with his hatchments surrounded professionally accomplished, and who was throne, Windsor Castle influence can be seen around the in the Quire soon after a Knight’s by the classicising garlands which had Kate Heard possessed of an unfailing sense of duty, Castle, which he visited regularly. installation. The statutes of 1522 become popular in continental art. Assistant Curator of the Print Room, integrity and moral courage. looks back to this most ordered that The Royal Collection Windsor held particular importance for ‘every knight within the year of his Despite their proliferation at St Ian drew strength from the wife and family enigmatic of monarchs. Henry VIII as the seat of the Order of stallacon [installation]: shall cause to be George’s, plates like Wingfield’s Henry VIII. A 500th Anniversary whom he loved greatly, and of whom he the Garter. Founded by Edward III, the made a scucheon [escutcheon] of his are fortuitous survivals and several Exhibition is on display in the Drawings was evidently proud. He was sustained Garter was, and remains, the country’s armes and hatchementes within a plate have been lost. Those who were Gallery at Windsor Castle until 18 April and inspired by his genuine Christian faith. senior Order of Chivalry: a company of metal suche as shall please him and degraded from the Order had their 2010. For further information see of twenty-four Knights, who, along that it be surely set on the backe of his plates removed, among them the www.royalcollection.org.uk In all too short a time, he made a great with the monarch and Prince of stall’.2 Duke of Northumberland, appointed impression on this place and set a good formed an alliance dedicated to chivalric to the Garter in 1543 but executed for Henry’s Knights of the Garter are online example to us all. We most surely miss ideals.1 Since the Order’s foundation, Stallplates remain in the Quire for treason under Mary I. On hearing that at www.royalcollection.org.uk him. the Knights have met annually in St fifty-two of the men who were Knights the Duke’s stallplate remained at St George’s Chapel at Windsor, where of the Garter under Henry’s VIII. George’s, the Queen wrote firmly to Sir The Right Reverend David Conner each occupies a dedicated stall in the Henry’s injunction that each knight Gilbert Dethick, Garter King of Arms: Dean of Windsor

1 Peter J. Begent and Hubert Chesshyre, The Most Noble . 650 Years, 1999. 3 Mary L. Robertson, ‘Sir Richard Wingfield’, Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, 59, Oxford 2004, 732-35. 2 St George’s Archives, X.13, Statutes of the Garter, 1522. 4 St George’s Archives, X.F.3, Mary I to Sir Gilbert Dethick, 27 August 1553.

2 The Companion • The magazine for The College of St George 3 THE GARTER KNIGHTS THE GARTER KNIGHTS

An interview with of enduring connections that echo nicest man one could ever hope to Lord Luce, Lord Chamberlain throughout his life. In 1995, when he meet’. I cannot disagree, yet it is his to The Queen from 2000 was initially offered the Governorship gentle, understated appraisal of his Lord Luce, KG, GCVO, PC, DL of Gibraltar, he felt compelled to own enormously varied and hugely to 2006, was granted Arms refuse, citing his five-year commitment successful career that strikes an even that summarise many of his The view from the sitting room of Lord and Lady Luce’s London apartment frames a to Buckingham University as Vice- stronger note - ‘it is my privilege to be achievements prior to that Chancellor. The connection to the here and to serve’. appointment. swathe of smart Chelsea chimneypots, stretching away to the domed towers of Harrods University is one he still holds dear, as do they. When Lord Luce was made KG Georgie Grant Haworth where Lord Luce laughingly tells me he was brought as a boy by his playwright mother in 2008, the pride and delight of the Development Director His Banner has two gold pike swimming University’s webpage announcement horizontally and a red background. to have his hair cut, even during the war, ‘with bombs falling all around’. was evident. Above this there is a red key with the wards to the right (as viewed from Lord Luce became the first civilian the back of the shield) Laughter punctuates our meeting, In talking about those who have most Governor of Gibraltar in 1997 - the and this is between two as does discussion of leadership inspired him, (first amongst which is position having been held open until he black martlets (a bird and responsibility. Lord Luce is no his father, the last great proconsul in completed his University commitment. resembling a house stranger to either. Newly married, in the Middle East, Sir William Luce GBE, It was ‘not easy’, with a hostile Spanish martin). The two pike the summer of 1961, he departed for KCMG, DL), it is clear that he has taken government and a Foreign Office with are a pun on Lord Luce’s Kenya as a District Officer – as one of his own style of leadership from them. other pre-occupations, but he was name, lucy being the the last three British administrators ‘Leading …is all about people…sharing ‘very glad to have done it’. On the day heraldic name for a to join the Kenya Service. One of the with them the goal that you’re aiming of their departure he and Lady Luce set pike. The martlets refer two districts he governed on the two- for’. As Lord Chamberlain he was up a charity to assist under-privileged to Sussex: he was the year posting was the size of Ireland, renowned for his warmth and courtesy children. They are both still involved MP for Arundel and with a population of 70,000. The job with members of the Royal Household and on the afternoon of my visit, Lord Shoreham from 1971 encompassed all aspects of security, at every level and, as I am told by one Luce was to take tea with the current to 1992, and still lives local government and agricultural of his many admirers, ‘his ability to Governor of Gibraltar. He is a great in the county and the policy as well as an additional role as make you feel as though you are the believer ‘that when you’ve had the key represents his magistrate. He was just twenty four. only person in the room worth talking great privilege of holding a responsible Governorship of Gibraltar to’. job, you keep the link, whilst offering from 1997 to 2000. ‘If you are accountable at that age, support to your successors’. with such a large responsibility, you His working life has been ‘more varied His has a red and gold wreath learn very quickly that you’ve got to than I could have imagined’ and while Lord Luce points to two great at the base and within it a circle of take decisions if things are going to he finds it hard to pick out the most sources of support in his plumbago flowers. Above this there grow and change… you also learn what interesting role, he was ‘surprised’ own life. His parents, ‘for is a white swan swimming Richard Luce, taken when a privilege it is to serve other people… by how much he enjoyed his role as providing a secure and collared with a chain Arts Minister in October 1985 to do your best for them’. Minister for the Arts (1985-1990). framework and… from which hangs a gold He ‘knew little’, but found that this courage to climb portcullis. The swan Lord Luce feels ‘lucky and privileged’ gave him a ‘fresh perspective’. The the mountain’ alludes to the time he to have served under a number of ‘evenings were a luxury’, visiting the and his wife, Rose. In spent as Vice-Chancellor strong and inspiring leaders, including theatre and going backstage to meet ‘a the epilogue to his memoirs of the University of Her Majesty The Queen, as Lord whole host of interesting and talented (Ringing the Changes, Buckingham from ‘... it is my Chamberlain; Margaret Thatcher, as people’. In 2007, Lord Attenborough Michael Russell Publishing 1992 to 1996, and privilege to Minister for Arts; Lord Carrington, persuaded him to become President Ltd - now sold out) he states, the portcullis to be here and with whom he resigned from office of the King George V Fund for Actors ‘I cannot describe adequately in his parliamentary to serve’ over the Falkland Islands affair in 1982 and Actresses, which helps to support words what her support, love and career. The Convent, and, as a 19 yr old subaltern, under those distinguished within the acting companionship…have meant to Gibraltar, which is the Field Marshal Lord Harding, then profession who have fallen on harder me. I could not have managed my Governor’s official residence, Governor of Cyprus. ‘He was a natural times. work…without her’. has a plumbago hedge around its leader, very humble. He treated me perimeter. as an equal, a quality I have never It is a role he enjoys and his In researching Lord Luce, I was forgotten’. commitment to it reflects a theme told that he was ‘quite simply the David Axson

4 4 The Companion • The magazine for the College of St George 5 FEATURE

Lodge, , where Princess the Princess could be seen hopping on Alice often stayed. She was a regular and off London buses and whereas in attender of the Windsor Horse Show, her youth she was dressed as befitted of royal events at St George’s Chapel a Victorian princess, in old age, she and of occasional concerts at the adopted modern styles which would Windsor Festival. I remember seeing not have shamed Carnaby Street. her in the mid 1970s, coming out of the Albert Memorial Chapel after placing It is because she was such an flowers at her father’s tomb. inveterate traveller that this exhibition is possible. In 1935 Crown Prince Princess Alice lived to be nearly 98, Saud came to Windsor for Ascot and dying at . Her Princess Alice said how sorry she was funeral took place in St George’s never to have been to Arabia. He Chapel in January 1981, and she replied that no ladies had ever been was buried at next to Lord there, but that if she did not mind Athlone. sleeping in tents, it would be easy to arrange. She said she had frequently Those are the bare facts. What of the slept in camps with no tents at all throng of curious people crowded Princess’s interests and character? and accepted at once. The Athlones round, in spite of our guard giving Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone She was the last representative of arrived in Jeddah in February 1938. them resounding thwacks with his Victorian royalty with an inviolate Describing her visit later, the Princess cane’. These photographs are the belief in the ramifications of protocol was as interested in the food as in the legacy of a trip which Princess Alice Princess Alice, Countess of Athlone (1883-1981), was born in the presence of her - refusing to travel in the Irish State primitive washing arrangements. They never forgot. Coach to Princess Anne’s wedding had a picnic in Mecca, where large grandmother, Queen , on 25 February 1883 and christened in the Private as her rank did not merit it. She had metal dishes contained sixteen whole Hugo Vickers a mischievous sense of humour and lambs. At dinner with the King she Chapel. She was the daughter of Prince Leopold, Duke of Albany, who suffered from with twinkling eyes recounted many a wore a black dress since he had never ribald tale. She had a great personal sat next to a lady at a meal before. She Princess Alice’s photographs will haemophilia. He died young in 1884 and is buried in the Albert Memorial Chapel. dislike of Field Marshal Montgomery took ‘an apprehensive glance at the be exhibited in the Cloisters from and when they were visiting Jerusalem eye in the sheep’s head’ but thought 9 – 24 October, 10 am to 4 pm together, allowed the candle she was she could cope. In 1904 she was married in St was considerable tragedy in Princess excluding Sundays. George’s Chapel to Prince Alexander Alice’s life, her son Rupert dying holding to drip onto his back. He was of Teck (who became Earl of Athlone young due to haemophilia and her satisfactorily furious. She liked to Presently they set off for Mudhitha in 1917), brother of the future Queen brother being obliged to become multi-task, continuing to knit as she Camp near Taif, which they reached at Mary (with whom she enjoyed a long, Duke of Coburg, and thus in Germany walked on the hills near Balmoral. 3 am after a long drive. And so they uninhibited correspondence). As in both world wars, one of the Extra continued, sometimes on donkeys, Queen Mary’s sister-in-law, Princess Knights of the Garter whose banners In later life she spent part of the winter sometimes disguised as Arabs, passing Alice was the present Queen’s great- were taken down in 1915. in the West Indies, where she was through arid black lava country. At Afif aunt. Chancellor of the University, travelling Princess Alice got ‘a marvellous snap’ Princess Alice’s daughter, Lady May there in a cabin in a banana boat she of ‘a caravan of beautiful white camels From 1904 to 1923 the Athlones lived Abel Smith, lived with her husband, shared with her lady-in-waiting, Vera and people resting’. But it was not in Henry III Tower, and from 1931 until Sir Henry (representative of the Grenfell. Luckily she was by then very always easy. At Riyadh, ‘there were a his death in 1957, Lord Athlone was Descendants of the KG’s on the deaf, since Miss Grenfell was known thousand things to photograph’, she Governor of Windsor Castle. There Committee of the Friends) at Barton ‘to snore for Britain’. In Kensington wrote, ‘but whenever we stopped a

6 The Companion • The magazine for the College of St George 7 ST GEORGE’S SCHOOL

An illustration of the geocentric model, derived from Aristotle and Ptolemy

Henry VIII’s Sky

In this International Year of the night of the King’s birthday (28 other celestial bodies known at the June 1491), they would have noted time (Mercury, Venus, the Sun, Mars, Astronomy, it is intriguing Mars in the constellation of Aries the Jupiter and Saturn) were attached to Ram, a position supposed to indicate the remaining globes, travelling around to consider cosmological spontaneity and innovation. the Earth as each layer revolved. The young King’s education included understanding during the astronomy and he quickly developed This geocentric model, derived from a passion for the subject, even making Aristotle and Ptolemy, prevailed for reign of Henry VIII. reference to it in a love letter to Anne over a millennium. In 1543, four years Boleyn. According to the reformer before the King’s death, the Polish The most significant astronomical Philip Melanchthon (1497–1560) astronomer Nicolaus Copernicus event of the period was probably the king in his later years was ‘most challenged this view in his book De the appearance of Halley’s Comet learned, especially in the study of the Revolutionibus Orbium Coelestium, in 1531: generally considered an ill movement of the Heavens’. However, proposing a heliocentric universe with omen, it caused much consternation in the sixteenth century, the Earth was the Sun at the centre orbited by the in Henry’s court and across Europe. At regarded as the centre of the universe planets. If Henry was aware of this this time, little distinction was made and was believed to be surrounded by revolutionary idea before he died, between astronomy and astrology, a series of transparent spheres, one what did he make of it? One wonders. so if the royal astronomers were inside the other. The stars were fixed observing the sky at Greenwich on onto the outermost sphere, while the St George’s School Astronomy Club.

Portraits of Henry VIII (made of 32 painted squares) and his six wives by pupils of St George’s School

8 The Companion • The magazine for the College of St George 9 RESTORATION RESTORATION Repairing the timber frame on the front elevation Careful cleaning of the upper string course Re-pointing of the chimneys Plastering the ceiling in the basement corrider Photographs: David Clare

Located at the bottom of Denton’s Commons and adjacent to the Vicars’ Hall, the building we now know as Marbeck House has through its various incarnations overlooked St George’s Chapel since the Chapel’s construction started in 1475.

It has been home to Chantry Priests, For Marbeck House I observed from Lookout where you can see at close Chapter Clerk, Canon’s house, the scaffolding, the roof, the curtain quarter, on the west elevation, the fine Organist and Chorister lodgings, wall and from within, and it was the workmanship and the beauty of the Director of Music and Song School many small architectural details that structure - the basket weave brick and for the Choir. Following careful made the greatest impression on me. lime mortar and the cut in oak repairs to investigation and planning, and with As I photographed these details, the the timber frame. funding secured, the restoration of well-honed crafts and the people Photography captures a moment in Investing in more than just Marbeck House commenced on site in who practised them came to the time and can tell many stories. We can July 2008. fore. It became apparent that much look at photographs from times past of the restoration is reliant upon the bricks and lime mortar In August 2008 I was asked to keep a and learn much about buildings and same hand skills that had shaped record of the restoration works for the the people who lived and worked in these buildings over the previous five benefactor, Mr Peter Cruddas. Over them. It became clear in this instance hundred years and the tools, with the the following ten months I have had the that photography of the process should exception of the occasional power-tool, privilege of visiting the site and seeing include images of those involved, had changed little. these buildings peeled back to their their tools and materials as well as the structure, scrutinised and meticulously The front elevation (south) now looks building, helping to create a record of restored. glorious and can be enjoyed as the our times for future generations. passage of time will see the new oak We take for granted so much of The restoration has not only secured repairs age into the old. With the the future of a building of national what surrounds us. As we pass by, scaffolding gone, much of the external importance, protecting its fabric and concentrating on our destination, we restoration is difficult to see and carefully updating it to meet the make brief comment on that quaint appreciate, but is safeguarded for the demands of the twenty-first century, it building or marvel at another’s scale. future and contributing to what makes has also enabled a better understanding A wander around St George’s - the this building whole: the repairs to the of Marbeck House and its place in the Chapel, the Cloisters and Denton’s chimneys and careful re-pointing, the history of St George’s. Commons - could rapidly consume our hand brushing away of carbon deposits vocabulary of adjectives of praise. For David Clare from carved details on the upper-string those who live and work in the College Exposed Design Consultants course of the Curtain Wall, the formed these buildings and their history form a lead, shaped stone, structural timber, The restoration of Marbeck is one part of a backdrop to their lives. But how often and so much more. continuing renewal programme that is taking do we stop and look, really look and in the Chapel, Collegiate and domestic appreciate the details that make them If you are passing, pause for a buildings within Windsor Castle, owned by so important. moment and take the steps up to the the Dean and Canons.

The College of St George would like to thank the generosity of the Peter Cruddas Foundation which has met all the costs of the restoration of Marbeck.

10 Front (south) elevation of the restored Marbeck House The Companion • The magazine for the College of St George 11 ST GEORGE’S HOUSE

Charles Darwin, illustration from The Life and Letters of Charles Darwin, Volume II, published in 1887 (engraving), Darwin, Captain L. (fl.1874) (after) / Private Collection / Ken Welsh / The Bridgeman Art Library

Darwin’s Dangerous Idea

At the beginning of July the House The danger is that commented that ‘it seems to me absurd hosted a Consultation on Darwin, in to doubt that a man may be an ardent this the 200th anniversary year of his this scientific theory Theist and an evolutionist’. birth and the 150th anniversary of the publication of On the Origin pushes some minds into Yet Darwin had his own struggles. His of Species. great-great-granddaughter, the poet extreme positions. On Ruth Padel, gave a stunning reading of The Consultation was aimed at those some of her biographical poems. How who teach or learn about Darwin at the one hand are those difficult it had been for Darwin to know senior school level. The focus was when to publish his ideas. How would on the various ‘dangers’ of Darwin’s who dismiss religious they be received? How might their theory of evolution. publication affect his marriage? These beliefs because they are were real struggles, genuine concerns Professor Michael Reiss and Professor that plagued a man who disliked Sam Berry helped us to understand incapable of scientific controversy. Through the eyes of the the science behind Darwin’s theory; poet we understood just how deeply that science, at least as Darwin had it, proof, and on the other Darwin understood the personal was relatively straightforward. More dangers of his own ideas. complex is the whole business of are those who seek a kind that science and religious belief. Our Finally we took a look at social speakers explained just how poorly the of creationism that would Darwinism. Reminding ourselves of whole evolution and religion debate the early twentieth century debate and had been handled in the press. Too have seemed foreign even practice of eugenics, we examined much had been made of the great some of the ethical issues that arise. debate between Bishop Samuel to the church of the first The fine lines between medical Wilberforce and Thomas Huxley, held advancement and full-blown eugenics in Oxford in 1860. The debate had five centuries. Both positions are dangerously strained. not been as one-sided as we have make conversation practical impossible; been led to believe and neither was both positions are fraught with danger. The House is very grateful to AWE it representative of the conversations for their sponsorship of this event, of the day. Even in the early days of We were reminded that Darwin himself and grateful too to all those who the theory there were many thinkers, preferred a more conciliatory route. participated. It was an intellectually including Charles Kingsley, Archbishop Writing to the Vicar of Downe in 1878 engaging couple of days giving food for Frederick Temple, and Aubrey Moore, he remarked ‘I hardly see how religion thought while also respectfully marking who thought it possible to hold and science can be kept separate’. And one of the great scientific theories and together evolution and religious belief. to John Fordyce, the following year, he its illustrious author.

Canon Dr Hueston Finlay Warden, St George’s House

12 The Companion • The magazine for the College of St George 13 ST GEORGE’S

As seen on...

BBC Radio 3 Easter: radio truck Scanner truck parked on the Inside of the radio truck during a ‘May we film in St George’s Chapel please?’ ‘We would like to broadcast live outside the north of the Chapel parade ground reader’s rehearsal can sweep over the congregation or a group of children from St George’s Television and Radio Broadcasts television to ’. ‘We are filming a documentary about Henry VIII, close and high to details of architecture; School who sing either as Choristers or 2008/2009 then there are the ospreys controlled in the Supers Choir. The children were ITV London & Meridian: By Royal Appointment; the history of Britain, the sights of the Thames Valley, the Irish poet Patrick MacGill and moved by one person at floor level filmed in the school’s art classroom places to see along the Thames Valley and finally those hung from the vault completing some imaginative projects Channel 4: The Real Knights of the Round Table; a or stonemasons who worked in Windsor in the 19th century’. to give a top down all encompassing linked to Henry VIII. Meanwhile the Time Team special view. Each position has to be agreed congregation rehearsed and then gave BBC Radio 3: Palm Sunday 2008 Evensong

All photographs by Charlotte Manley ©2009 The Dean & Canons of Windsor New Zealand TV: Service of Thanksgiving for the These are just some of the television life of Sir Edmund Hillary requests received over the last couple Three New Zealand television and radio channels: News items & interviews relating to Sir Edmund of years. To these can be added Hillary requests for radio broadcasts including BBC Radio 4: Sunday morning worship (linked interviews and Choral Evensong. with Scouts centenary) BBC 2: section of Timewatch - The young Victoria Whether the broadcast is of a complete BBC Radio Berkshire: interview about Garter Day BBC: section of The Prince of Wales 60th birthday service or a short segment within a documentary documentary the preparation can be BBC Radio Berkshire: interview about St George’s lengthy, detailed and involve people BBC 1: Songs of Praise (two programmes) from every part of the College of Channel TG4 (Irish language channel): section of St George from the archives to the documentary on Patrick MacGill accounts office and many more besides. BBC Radio Berkshire: interview about Easter Day services BBC Radio 3: Easter Day 2009 Evensong An initial request for filming, unless it is Channel 4: section of Henry VIII documentary a complete non-starter, is followed by presented by David Starkey a recce by members of the production Various channels: Repeats of 2004 documentary The Queen’s Castle company. After many telephone BBC 4: section of Henry VIII documentary calls and emails, possible filming BBC Songs of Praise: camera jib and shots from it whilst recording the Choir in the Quire. BBC Songs of Praise: inside the scanner truck Channel 4: section of Who do you think you are? dates are discussed, logistics for the BBC: section of David Dimbleby’s history of riggers, electricians, lighting and The section lasted just two minutes As the date for filming approaches the in order to ensure no views or camera up four hours on another evening to Britain (to be broadcast New Year 2010) sound engineers and camera operators and fifteen seconds. Behind that short first to arrive are the scaffolders. They movements are intrusive and no record hymns for both programmes. are set in train, permissions and fees extract lay one and a half hours of put up the scaffolding in the Nave or damage is done to the fabric. Outside agreed, the crossover of production filming, four hours of recce visits, and Quire that will eventually hold the lights the Chapel generators are in place to When filming in Chapel or School, and broadcast companies settled and several weeks of detailed discussion. but also put up protective screens so power the lights, cables are run from crews have to be accompanied at so forth. Two recent examples, one for From first contact to broadcast was four that, whilst the lights are being hoisted the cameras to the scanner truck where all times. This normally falls to the a short section of a documentary and months. up, there is no danger of damage. the Director and team watch and author and, although it can be a time one for a full programme, can serve to Cabling comes into the Chapel through control all the possible shots. For a live consuming role, it does mean that I David Starkey and crew in the Quire after filming show a little of what happens behind Two Songs of Praise programmes were a small window in either the Rutland or broadcast this all then needs to be fed have the opportunity to see a project the scenes. also recorded earlier this year; one the Bray Chantries so anything planned to a satellite for onward transmission. through from first tentative enquiry to for broadcast in April and the other in for those areas needs to be re-located. Songs of Praise is, as many readers increased interest and visits. David Starkey presented a Channel September. A full broadcast service Lighting is first focussed and then will know, a programme that not only 4 series about Henry VIII earlier this can be a major undertaking not least controlled from a position often within contains pieces by the choir and Charlotte Manley year. The series consisted of four because the rigging is undertaken while the Bray or Rutland Chapels. Cameras congregation but also interviews. Chapter Clerk programmes of fifty minutes; in the last the Chapel remains open to the public come in all shapes and sizes from small, Many names appeared on the first list of those programmes the presenter and without disturbing services or the remotely controlled ones fixed to a of potential interviewees but in the end was shown in the Quire of St George’s. organists’ and choir’s daily rehearsals. pillar to those attached to jibs which this was shrunk to four individuals and

14 The Companion • The magazine for the College of St George 15 ARCHIVES & CHAPTER LIBRARY LOOSE CANON

Katherine of Aragon’s Book Photograph: David Clare Photograph: David Clare

Chaplain in the Park As well as being Precentor, the Canon responsible for the music and liturgy at St George’s Chapel, I am also Chaplain in Windsor Great Park and I try and divide my time between the two.

Being Chaplain in the Park means that every way with a parish choir as we all by dint of the generosity of countless I take care of the services at The Royal know that to be. In other words, there’s people who have given both small and Chapel which is situated within the not too much pomp and ceremony, great amounts (every offering gratefully grounds of , the home for but a Matins service which you might received) we have raised £305,000, seventy years of the late Queen Mother expect to find in any parish church so we are over half way. A fundraising and now the home of The Duke of York. throughout the country. Having said committee has been established and It serves the people who live and work that, we try and do things as well as we they are hard at work organising in the Park and people who have had possibly can to the praise and glory of both small and great events. I expect Housed in the Chapter 1523 with the aid of Thomas More to Turks. This piece of social criticism some connection with the Park over God. fundraising to continue until the end of seek the patronage of Henry VIII, to emphasised the value of peace and the years. The Royal Family worship Like any other parish church, we have 2010 but we all feel confident that we Library is a book once whom Vives dedicated his edition of the absurdity of war, advancing there when in Windsor and because our fundraising to do and this year we will reach our target. St Augustine’s De civitate Dei (City the idea of a League of Nations as of the Royal presence, security is quite have set ourselves a target of raising owned by Henry VIII’s of God). Received well at court, he the only remedy for preventing tight. Everyone, therefore, who comes, £500,000 towards the restoration of the Thank you for your support and we became tutor to Princess Mary, writing aggressive wars among nations. In must have a pass and for this reason, roof and stonework both inside and out. look forward to showing you our lovely first wife, Katherine of a treatise on the education of Christian it, Vives asserts that the first aim and everything can be reasonably relaxed Work begins in the middle of July and to restored Chapel when it is completed. women, De institutione feminae object of all governing bodies must be which is what I’m sure The Royal Family that end the Chapel will be closed until Aragon. Printed in Christianae, which he dedicated to the welfare of their people. wish. It is a normal parish church in the Carol Service in December. To date, Canon John A. Ovenden in 1529, the book is by Joannes Katherine. He also found favour with Ludovicus Vives (1493-1540) and is Cardinal Wolsey, who appointed him The volume in the Chapter Library titled De concordia et discordia in his Reader in Humanity at Oxford. is bound in tooled leather bearing humano genere (On concord and However this changed in 1528 when the arms of Henry VIII, Katherine’s COMMUNITY News 25 January - Baptism of Grace Conley-Harper • 25 January - Installation of Simon discord in humankind). Vives supported Katherine over the personal emblem, the pomegranate, Ponsford as a Lay Clerk • 25 January - Surplicing of Orlando Jones as a Chorister • 6 March – Funeral of Ian Jenkins • 8 March divorce; as her friend and spiritual and the arms of Castile. – Baptism of Emma Young • 17 April – Wedding of Nicholas Madden and Elisabeth Tyrrell • 23 April – Installation of James Juan Luis Vives was born in Valencia, advisor, he was accused of assisting Woodward as Canon of Windsor • 9 May – Wedding of Gemma Raiski and Nicholas Clive • 10 May – Baptism of Lucy Oakland Spain, to converted Jewish cloth her and was placed under house Eleanor Cracknell • 10 May – Baptism of Shiuli Downward • 10 May – Surplicing of Joshua Wilson-Khanna and Giles Banks as Choristers • 15 merchants. He left for Paris in 1509, arrest. Upon his release, he returned Assistant Archivist possibly to escape the Spanish to Bruges and was cut off by Katherine May – Baptism of Harry Mackenzie • 31 May – Confirmation of Alexander Ball, Henry Bates, Connor Baumann, Thomas Berry, Inquisition which would eventually after refusing to counsel her further. Elizabeth Dudley, Lars Finlay, Nicholas Fitzgerald, Dominic Halsey, William Hart, Robert Kerr, Jack Leach, Catherine Liney, Harry claim the lives of his parents. He Mackenzie, Hannah Mathea, Emma Moores, Max Mosley, Grace Newey, Olivia Wilkinson and Michael Williams. • 1 June – would never return to his native In De Concordia Vives discusses peace Funeral of Brian Colston • 6 June – Interment of Ashes of Neale Stainton • 14 June – Baptism of Charles Ibbotson • 26 June – in Europe and the war against the country. He came to in Wedding of Francesca Russill and Ben Alden • 27 June – Funeral of Richard Shaw • 5 July – Surplicing of Sam Cotterill, Kristian Tombs and Jasper Newboult as Choristers

16 The Companion • The magazine for the College of St George 17 ST GEORGE’S CHAPEL Photograph: Mark Stenning

another spring?

This year in the Castle has been tinged with sadness. First the sudden death of Ian Jenkins in February, then Brian Colston’s death in May after a struggle with cancer and a number of residents spending time in hospital or undergoing difficult treatment has meant 2009 has been a hard one for this community.

Commemorating the 500th anniversary of the accession of King Henry VIII has not been without a shadow. While, for example, celebrating the construction of the great gate into the Castle that bears his name, we have also been reminded of some of the pain and sorrow of his reign. In the Chapel, the oriel window added to the Edward IV Chantry by King Henry for his first wife Katherine of Aragon, is a melancholic reminder of this King and his Queens.

Something of the reflective mood that has infused the year can be found in this poem by Canon John White from a collection published in 2007 with photographs of the Chapel by Mark Stenning called Spoken Light.

Queen Katherine’s Pomegranate

Forbidden fruit from the cool white palaces (Their stolen courtyards filled with laughing fountains,

Their sun-drenched gardens rich with orange blossom)

You were harshly snapped from your branch to be Shipped to a far-off place and first espoused with Death then matched to ambitious pride, who made you Great with a progeny not to the taste of The sower,

so you were put aside, that the Solitary, sluggish wasp might make its meal Leaving you with prayer for your only pleasure.

This crumpled rosary in a bitter caul, Cased with aged-weathered skin and a coronet Can there ever be, for you, another spring?

The Reverend Michael Boag Succentor and Dean’s Vicar