DOCSLIB.ORG

North African Jewish and Non-Jewish Populations Form Distinctive, Orthogonal Clusters

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
North African Jewish and Non-Jewish Populations Form Distinctive, Orthogonal Clusters North African Jewish and non-Jewish populations form distinctive, orthogonal clusters Christopher L. Campbella,1, Pier F. Palamarab,1, Maya Dubrovskyc,d,1, Laura R. Botiguée, Marc Fellousf, Gil Atzmong,h, Carole Oddouxa, Alexander Pearlmana, Li Haoi, Brenna M. Hennj, Edward Burnsg, Carlos D. Bustamantej, David Comase, Eitan Friedmanc,d, Itsik Pe’erb, and Harry Ostrera,h,2 Departments of aPathology, gMedicine, and hGenetics, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461; bDepartment of Computer Science, Columbia University, New York, NY 10027; cSusanne Levy Gertner Oncogenetics Unit, Danek Gertner Institute of Human Genetics, Chaim Sheba Medical Center, Tel- Hashomer 52621, Israel; dSackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv 69978, Israel; eInstitute of Evolutionary Biology, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cientificas, Universitat Pompeu Fabra, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; fCochin Institute, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale 567, 75014 Paris, France; iCenter for Genome Informatics, New Jersey Medical School, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey, Newark, NJ 07101; and jDepartment of Genetics, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305 Edited* by Arno G. Motulsky, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, and approved July 3, 2012 (received for review March 23, 2012) North African Jews constitute the second largest Jewish Diaspora and Ethiopian Jews—groups that are thought to have limited group. However, their relatedness to each other; to European, Middle Eastern Jewish ancestry (15). Middle Eastern, and other Jewish Diaspora groups; and to their Previously, using genome-wide SNP and copy number varia- former North African non-Jewish neighbors has not been well tion data, we demonstrated that Sephardic (Greek and Turkish), defined. Here, genome-wide analysis of five North African Jewish Ashkenazi (Eastern European), and Mizrahi (Iranian, Iraqi, and groups (Moroccan, Algerian, Tunisian, Djerban, and Libyan) and Syrian) Jews with origins in Europe and the Middle East were comparison with other Jewish and non-Jewish groups demon- more related to each other than to their non-Jewish contempo- strated distinctive North African Jewish population clusters with rary neighbors (16). We showed that this relatedness could be proximity to other Jewish populations and variable degrees of explained on the basis of sharing DNA segments identical by Middle Eastern, European, and North African admixture. Two descent (IBD) within and between populations. Here, we build major subgroups were identified by principal component, neigh- on this understanding of the Jewish Diasporas by extending our analyses to members of the Jewish communities in Morocco, bor joining tree, and identity-by-descent analysis—Moroccan/ Algeria, Tunisia, Djerba, Libya, Ethiopia, Yemen, and Georgia Algerian and Djerban/Libyan—that varied in their degree of Euro- and to members of non-Jewish communities from the same pean admixture. These populations showed a high degree of en- regions. We present a comprehensive population genetic analysis dogamy and were part of a larger Ashkenazi and Sephardic Jewish of North African Jews, a group that comprises the third major group. By principal component analysis, these North African group of World Jewry, following European and Middle Eastern groups were orthogonal to contemporary populations from North Jews. In addition, we extend these analyses to Georgian, Yem- and South Morocco, Western Sahara, Tunisia, Libya, and Egypt. enite, and Ethiopian Jews, thus developing a more comprehen- Thus, this study is compatible with the history of North African sive genetic map for Jewish population genetics. Jews—founding during Classical Antiquity with proselytism of lo- cal populations, followed by genetic isolation with the rise of Results Christianity and then Islam, and admixture following the emigra- North African Jewish Populations Form Distinctive Clusters with tion of Sephardic Jews during the Inquisition. Genetic Proximity to Each Other and to European and Middle Eastern Jewish Groups. SNP data were generated for 509 un- Jewish genetics | population genetics | North African genetics | related individuals (60.5% female) from the 15 Jewish pop- identical by descent sharing | deep ancestry ulations (Table 1). These SNP data were merged with selected BIOLOGY datasets from the Human Genome Diversity Project (HGDP) to POPULATION ews lived in multiple communities in North Africa for >2,000 y examine the genetic structure of Jewish populations in both J(1). Successive waves of migration from the Middle East and global and regional contexts (Fig. 1 and SI Appendix, Fig. S1). Europe, as well as conversion and admixture of local populations The first two principal components of worldwide populations (mostly thought to be Berber and here termed “Maghrebi”), showed that the North African Jewish populations clustered with contributed to the formation of Jewish communities (2). Al- the European and Middle Eastern Jewish groups and European “ ” non-Jewish groups, but not with the North African non-Jewish though termed Sephardic, the formation of these communities A antedated the presence of Jews in the Iberian Peninsula with groups, suggesting origins distinctive from the latter (Fig. 1 ). significant admixture occurring only after the expulsions from Georgian Jews formed part of this cluster, whereas Yemenite and Ethiopian Jews did not. When compared only to the Euro- Spain and Portugal in 1492 and 1497, respectively (2). From that pean, Middle Eastern, and North African Jewish and non-Jewish time up to their migration to current Israel starting in the 1940s populations, the North African Jewish populations formed and more massively in the 1950s, each of these populations lived a common but distinctive cluster—observed by principal com- in relative seclusion and was endogamous (3, 4). This separation ponents 1 and 2—that was overlapping with the Greek and led to their developing the characteristics of genetic isolates, such as high frequencies of founder mutations for Mendelian disorders and limited repertoires of mitochondrial and Y chro- Author contributions: C.L.C., P.F.P., M.D., L.R.B., M.F., G.A., C.O., A.P., L.H., B.M.H., E.B., mosomal haplotypes (5–7). C.D.B., D.C., E.F., I.P., and H.O. designed research; C.L.C., P.F.P., M.D., L.H., I.P., and H.O. The relatedness of these Jewish groups to each other, to Eu- performed research; C.L.C., P.F.P., M.D., L.H., I.P., and H.O. analyzed data; and C.L.C., ropean and Middle Eastern Jews, and to their non-Jewish North P.F.P., M.D., L.R.B., G.A., B.M.H., I.P., and H.O. wrote the paper. African neighbors has been addressed in only a fragmentary The authors declare no conflict of interest. fashion in prior studies (8–14). Most studies were limited to one *This Direct Submission article had a prearranged editor. or two North African groups. One study challenged the story line 1C.L.C., P.F.P., and M.D. contributed equally to this work. of Judean migrants, Berber tribesmen, and Sephardic Jewish 2To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: [email protected]. refugees contributing to the formation of these groups by dem- This article contains supporting information online at www.pnas.org/lookup/suppl/doi:10. onstrating shared ancestry between Libyan Jews and Yemenite 1073/pnas.1204840109/-/DCSupplemental. www.pnas.org/cgi/doi/10.1073/pnas.1204840109 PNAS | August 21, 2012 | vol. 109 | no. 34 | 13865–13870 Downloaded by guest on September 30, 2021 Table 1. Summary of populations included in this study Jews and the other proximal to the Moroccan and Algerian Jews C Population ID Female Male Total Population (Fig. 1 ). The neighbor-joining tree supported this clustering of the ALGJ 23 1 24 Algerian Jewish Jewish populations, with the previously described European/ ASHJ 14 20 34 Ashkenazi Jewish* Syrian and Middle Eastern branches being discernible (Fig. 2). DJEJ 0 17 17 Djerban Jewish The European Turkish, Greek, and Italian Jews shared a com- ETHJ 13 3 16 Ethiopian Jewish mon branch, with Ashkenazi and Syrian Jews forming con- GEOJ 4 9 13 Georgian Jewish nections to this branch. The North African populations added GRKJ 25 29 54 Greek Jewish* a subbranch to the European/Syrian branch, which in turn bi- – – – IRNJ 22 27 49 Iranian Jewish* furcated into Moroccan Algerian and Tunisian Djerban Libyan IRQJ 25 28 53 Iraqi Jewish* subbranches. As reported previously (16), the Middle Eastern ITAJ 20 19 39 Italian Jewish* Jewish branch included the Iranian and Iraqi Jews and the non- LIBJ 31 6 37 Libyan Jewish Jewish Adygei. This branch was observed now to include Geor- MORJ 32 6 38 Moroccan Jewish gian Jews. The Yemenite and Ethiopian Jews were on distinctive SYRJ 15 21 36 Syrian Jewish* branches with the Yemenite Jews on a branch between Pales- tinians and Bedouins. The robustness of this phylogenetic tree TUNJ 24 5 29 Tunisian Jewish was demonstrated by the fact that a majority of branches were TURJ 24 10 34 Turkish Jewish* supported by >90% of bootstrap replications. YMNJ 36 0 36 Yemini Jewish Pairwise FST analysis indicated that each of the North African ADYG 10 7 17 Adygei Jewish populations was distinct and, by bootstrap analysis, sta- ALGE 9 9 18 Algerian tistically different from all of the others [SI Appendix, Tables S1 BASQ 8 16 24 Basque (upper triangle) and S2]. Although FST may be sensitive to small BEDN 20 27 47 Bedouin sample sizes, these population differences were confirmed by DRUZ 32 13 45 Druze ANOVA on the principal component analysis (PCA) eigenvec- EGYP 0 19 19 Egyptian tors (P < 0.05; SI Appendix, Table S3), with the exception of FREN 17 12 29 French Algerian and Moroccan Jews, who were found to overlap. These LIBY 1 16 17 Libyan differences were also confirmed by permutation testing of be- MORN 0 18 18 North Moroccan tween-group IBS for all pairwise comparisons of the 15 Jewish MORS 5 5 10 South Moroccan populations (SI Appendix, Table S5).
Load more

Recommended publications
  • The Secular Music of the Yemenite Jews As an Expression of Cultural Demarcation Between the Sexes
    JASO 27/2 (1996): 113-135 THE SECULAR MUSIC OF THE YEMENITE JEWS AS AN EXPRESSION OF CULTURAL DEMARCATION BETWEEN THE SEXES MARILYN HERMAN JEWISH men and women in Yemen are portrayed in the sociological and anthropo­ logical literature as having lived in separate conceptual and spatial worlds. As a result, two very separate bodies of song existed, one pertaining to men and the other to women. In this paper, I show how the culturally defined demarcation be­ tween the sexes is reflected and epitomized in the music of the Jews who lived in Yemen. i The key to this separation lies in the fact that women were banned from the synagogue altogether. This exclusion is not prescribed by Jewish law, and there is no precedent for it in the Bible or other Jewish literature or communities. The reason given for women being banned from the synagogue in Yemen was the fear that they might be menstruating. The condition of menstruation is, in Jewish law, This paper is based on my MA thesis (Herman 1985), which was written under the supervision and with the moral and academic support of Dr P. T. W. Baxter of Manchester University. My brother Geoffrey Herman willingly and painstakingly translated Hebrew articles into English for my benefit while I was writing this thesis. I. The period mainly referred to is the fifty years or so preceding 'Operation Magic Carpet', a series of airlifts between 1949 and 1950 in which the majority of Yemenite Jews were taken to Israel. 114 Marilyn Herman seen as ritually impure.
    [Show full text]
  • Une Si Longue Presence: Comment Le Monde Arabe a Perdu Ses Juifs 1947-1967 by Nathan Weinstock, Plon, 2008, 358 Pp
    Une si longue presence: comment le monde arabe a perdu ses juifs 1947-1967 by Nathan Weinstock, Plon, 2008, 358 pp. Lyn Julius The picture on the front cover of Nathan Weinstock’s book Une si longue presence shows two barred windows. Through the window on the left, the sultan’s lions peer out. In the adjoining cage, the Jews of Fez. When the photograph was taken in 1912, the Jews were sheltering in the sultan’s menagerie from a murderous riot on the eve of the establishment of the French protectorate of Morocco. The implication is clear: the Jews’ place is with the sultan’s beasts. It was the Jews’ job to feed the lions. In times of trouble, what place of refuge could be more natural than the sultan’s menagerie? The lions have long gone, and so have the Jews. Almost all the Jewish communities of the Middle East and North Africa have been driven to extinction: most went to Israel, where half the Jews or their descendants come from Muslim lands. A lethal cocktail of state-sanctioned persecution and mob violence, modulated to the peaks of Arab-Israeli tension, has caused the Jewish population to dwindle from one million in 1948 to 4,500 in one generation. It was an ethnic cleansing, says Weinstock, not even rivalled by Nazi Germany in 1939. Such a calamity cannot be explained by the Jews’ failure to integrate. They were indigenous, having for the most part settled in the Middle East and North Africa over 2,000 years ago – one thousand years before the advent of Islam.
    [Show full text]
  • Traces of Absence: How the Trauma of the Yemenite, Mizrahi and Balkan Kidnapped Children Affair Is Present in Photographs and Home Movies
    City University of New York (CUNY) CUNY Academic Works Dissertations, Theses, and Capstone Projects CUNY Graduate Center 6-2021 Traces of Absence: How the Trauma of the Yemenite, Mizrahi and Balkan Kidnapped Children Affair Is Present in Photographs and Home Movies Natalie Haziza The Graduate Center, City University of New York How does access to this work benefit ou?y Let us know! More information about this work at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu/gc_etds/4423 Discover additional works at: https://academicworks.cuny.edu This work is made publicly available by the City University of New York (CUNY). Contact: [email protected] Running head: TRACES OF ABSENCE i Traces of Absence: How the trauma of the Yemenite, Mizrahi and Balkan Kidnapped Children Affair is present in photographs and home movies Natalie Haziza The Graduate Center & City College – CUNY A dissertation submitted to the Graduate Faculty in Psychology in partial fulfillment of the requirement for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. The City University of New York 2021 TRACES OF ABSENCE © 2021 NATALIE HAZIZA All Rights Reserved ii TRACES OF ABSENCE This manuscript has been read and accepted for the Graduate Faculty in Clinical Psychology Doctoral program to satisfy the dissertation. Elliot Jurist, PhD – Dissertation Chair ________________________________ Date ____________ Richard Bodnar, PhD - Executive Officer ________________________________ Date ____________ Dissertation Committee: Sarah O’Neill, PhD ___________________________ Adeyinka M. Akinsulure-Smith, PhD, ABPP ___________________________ Shoshana Madmoni-Gerber, PhD __________________________ Marianne Hirsch, PhD __________________________ iii TRACES OF ABSENCE For Avigail and Yoyi, to many more muddy puddles אתסלב סמ ו ד י , לבק י ברהה ישנ ק ו ת ממ נ י .
    [Show full text]
  • A Preliminary Survey
    THE PRONUNCIATION TRADITION OF BIBLICAL HEBREIV AMONG THE JEWS OF COCHIN: A PRELIMINARY SURVEY Jarmo Forsström r. INTRODUCTION The small colony of Jews in Cochin in south-western lndia has attracted the attention of travellers and scholars since the beginning of Portuguese rule in that areâ (1502-1663), when the existence of a Jewish settlement there became known in the West. Almost all facets of the life of this community have been studied and published in numerous articles and books, except for their traditional pronunciation of Hebrew. This gap in our otherwise deøiled knowledge of the Cochin Jews needs urgently to be filled, because this com- munity wittr its unique features is rapidly disappearing in India and becoming assimilated in Israel too. The anival of Jews on the Malabar coast in South-west India has remained shrouded in mystery, in spite of the ca¡eful research that has been undertaken in an aüempt to discover their origin. The study of the origin of the Cochin Jews and of the time of their a¡rival in India is greatly hampered by the fact that their history before the end of the first millennium cE is totally hidden behind folklore, legends and folk songs. Much has been done by the Cochinites themselves and by scholars around the world to strain historical clues from this heterogeneous material, nevertheless without producing many results. The following summary of the history of the Cochin Jews accords more or less with those who have dealt with the subject.l The Cochin Jews have preserved various old legends conceming the coming of their ancestors to the Malabar coast.
    [Show full text]
  • SHAAREI ORAH Newsletter the Sephardic Congregation of Teaneck • 1425 Essex Road, Teaneck NJ, 07666 • 201-833-0800 •
    בס״ד SHAAREI ORAH NEwSlEttER The Sephardic Congregation of Teaneck • 1425 Essex Road, Teaneck NJ, 07666 • 201-833-0800 • www.sephardicteaneck.org Zmanim & Services Rabbi Haim Jachter PARASHAT MATOT-MASEI A Brief Sketch of Yemenite Halachic History AUGUST 3, 2019 Friday Night One does not appreciate the full spectrum of Halachic practice unless he takes in account the practices of Yemenite Jews. However, one can understand Yemenite Halacha only if one learns the basics of its history. Shir Hashirim 6:50 pm Candle Lighting 7:53 pm Geonic Period: A key aspect of Yemenite (Temoni) Jewish life is that Yemenite Jews, in contrast Minha 7:00 pm with other Jewish communities located at the outskirts of the Exile (such as Ethiopian Jews) kept in touch with Jews worldwide throughout its many centuries in Yemen. This means that the Jews in Yemen were followed by Kabbalat Shabbat / Arvit aware of and fully observed Hanukah and Purim and were fully aware and practices that which is set forth in the Mishna and Gemara. Shabbat Day There is evidence to this already dating to the time of the Geonim. Shaarei Teshuva (a collection of Geonic responsa; number 99) records that the Geonim in Babylon received inquiries regarding Pre-Shaharit shiur 8:30 am observance of Halacha from Jews all over the world. The places listed include Temon (Yemen) and Spain. Shaharit 8:45 am Latest Shema 9:21 am This means that despite geographic distance, the Jews of Yemen maintained themselves as full- Pre-pre Minha Shiur 6:15 pm fledged members of the Jewish Halachic mainstream.
    [Show full text]
  • Type 1 Diabetes Environmental Factors and Correspondence Analysis of HLA Class II Genes in the Yemenite Jewish Community in Israel
    Epidemiology/Health Services/Psychosocial Research ORIGINAL ARTICLE Type 1 Diabetes Environmental Factors and Correspondence Analysis of HLA Class II Genes in the Yemenite Jewish Community in Israel 1 2 NAOMI WEINTROB, MD NATALI ABRAMOV, MA HLA-DQ and -DR in the HLA immune 2,3 1 ELLIOT SPRECHER, PHD AVIVA ARBEL, RD response region of the short arm of chro- 4 1 SHOSHANA ISRAEL, PHD ZEEV JOSEFSBERG, MD mosome 6 (3,4). The increasing interac- 1 4 ORIT PINHAS-HAMIEL, MD CHAIM BRAUTBAR, PHD 4 2, 3 tion of these susceptible genes with the OH JOONG KWON, PHD NINA ARDI MD 2 P V , environment, leading to autoimmune KONSTANTIN BLOCH, PHD ␤-cell destruction, may account for the steady rise in the frequency of type 1 dia- betes in the last decades (5). In particular, early exposure to cow’s milk has been OBJECTIVE — The Israeli Yemenite Jewish community has displayed an exceptionally rapid linked by many investigators to initiation increase in the frequency of type 1 diabetes, having the highest rate of all Israeli ethnic groups. of ␤-cell autoimmunity in individuals at We studied the role of the environment, in relation to the nature and frequency of HLA class II high genetic risk; however, the contribu- genes, to evaluate its possible involvement in the development of diabetes. tion of early exposure to the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes is still controversial (6). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS — We interviewed 196 elderly Yemenite Israel, too, has witnessed a general in- women, who had immigrated to Israel as adults, in programmed encounters about signs and crease in the incidence of type 1 diabetes symptoms of type 1 diabetes, infant feeding customs, and infectious diseases in Yemen.
    [Show full text]
  • Judaism: a Supplemental Resource for Grade 12 World of Religions: A
    Change and Evolution Stages in the Development of Judaism: A Historical Perspective As the timeline chart presented earlier demonstrates, the development of the Jewish faith and tradition which occurred over thousands of years was affected by a number of developments and events that took place over that period. As with other faiths, the scriptures or oral historical records of the development of the religion may not be supported by the contemporary archaeological, historical, or scientific theories and available data or artifacts. The historical development of the Jewish religion and beliefs is subject to debate between archeologists, historians, and biblical scholars. Scholars have developed ideas and theories about the development of Jewish history and religion. The reason for this diversity of opinion and perspectives is rooted in the lack of historical materials, and the illusive nature, ambiguity, and ambivalence of the relevant data. Generally, there is limited information about Jewish history before the time of King David (1010–970 BCE) and almost no reliable biblical evidence regarding what religious beliefs and behaviour were before those reflected in the Torah. As the Torah was only finalized in the early Persian period (late 6th–5th centuries BCE), the evidence of the Torah is most relevant to early Second Temple Judaism. As well, the Judaism reflected in the Torah would seem to be generally similar to that later practiced by the Sadducees and Samaritans. By drawing on archeological information and the analysis of Jewish Scriptures, scholars have developed theories about the origins and development of Judaism. Over time, there have been many different views regarding the key periods of the development of Judaism.
    [Show full text]
  • The Genome-Wide Structure of the Jewish People
    doi:10.1038/nature09103 LETTERS The genome-wide structure of the Jewish people Doron M. Behar1,2*, Bayazit Yunusbayev2,3*, Mait Metspalu2*, Ene Metspalu2, Saharon Rosset4,Ju¨ri Parik2, Siiri Rootsi2, Gyaneshwer Chaubey2, Ildus Kutuev2,3, Guennady Yudkovsky1,5, Elza K. Khusnutdinova3, Oleg Balanovsky6, Ornella Semino7, Luisa Pereira8,9, David Comas10, David Gurwitz11, Batsheva Bonne-Tamir11, Tudor Parfitt12, Michael F. Hammer13, Karl Skorecki1,5 & Richard Villems2 Contemporary Jews comprise an aggregate of ethno-religious communities clustered close to each other and intermediate between communities whose worldwide members identify with each other non-Jewish Middle Eastern and European populations10. through various shared religious, historical and cultural tradi- Illumina 610K and 660K bead arrays were used to genotype 121 tions1,2. Historical evidence suggests common origins in the Middle samples from 14 Jewish communities. The results were compared East, followed by migrations leading to the establishment of com- with 1,166 individuals from 69 non-Jewish populations (Supplemen- munities of Jews in Europe, Africa and Asia, in what is termed the tary Note 1 and Supplementary Table 1), with particular attention to Jewish Diaspora3–5. This complex demographic history imposes neighbouring or ‘host’ populations in corresponding geographic special challenges in attempting to address the genetic structure regions. These results were also integrated with analyses of genotype of the Jewish people6. Although many genetic studies have shed data from about 8,000 Y chromosomes and 14,000 mitochondrial light on Jewish origins and on diseases prevalent among Jewish DNA (mtDNA) samples (Supplementary Note 6 and Supplemen- communities, including studies focusing on uniparentally and tary Tables 4 and 5).
    [Show full text]
  • The Vowel System of Jewish Bukharan Tajik: with Special Reference to the Tajik Vowel Chain Shift
    Journal of Jewish Languages 5 (2017) 81–103 brill.com/jjl The Vowel System of Jewish Bukharan Tajik: With Special Reference to the Tajik Vowel Chain Shift Shinji Ido* Graduate School of Humanities, Nagoya University, Nagoya, Japan [email protected] Abstract The present article describes the vowel chain shift that occurred in the variety of Tajik spoken by Jewish residents in Bukhara. It identifies the chain shift as constituting of an intermediate stage of the Northern Tajik chain shift and accordingly tentatively concludes that in the Northern Tajik chain shift Early New Persian ā shifted before ō did, shedding light on the process whereby the present-day Tajik vowel system was established. The article is divided into three parts. The first provides an explanation of the variety of Tajik spoken by Jewish inhabitants of Bukhara. The second section explains the relationship between this particular variety and other varieties that have been used by Jews in Central Asia. The third section deals specifically with the vowel system of the variety and the changes that it has undergone since the late 19th century. Keywords Tajik – New Persian – vowel system – Judeo-Iranian – Bukharan Tajik – Bukharan Jews Introduction This article is concerned with the vowel system of the variety of Tajik spoken by the Jewish residents in Bukhara. It compares the vowel system of this par- ticular variety with that of the same variety reconstructed based on a century- old text. The comparison shows that the variety likely underwent a vowel chain * The author acknowledges financial support for this research from the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research, C #25370490).
    [Show full text]
  • Dynamic Modification Strategy of the Israeli Carrier Screening Protocol: Inclusion of the Oriental Jewish Group to the Cystic Fibrosis Panel Orit Reish, MD1,2, Zvi U
    ARTICLE Dynamic modification strategy of the Israeli carrier screening protocol: inclusion of the Oriental Jewish Group to the cystic fibrosis panel Orit Reish, MD1,2, Zvi U. Borochowitz, MD3, Vardit Adir, PhD3, Mordechai Shohat, MD2,4, Mazal Karpati, PhD2,5, Atalia Shtorch, PhD6, Avi Orr-Urtreger, MD, PhD2,7, Yuval Yaron, MD2,7, Stavit Shalev, MD8, Fuad Fares, PhD9, Ruth Gershoni-Baruch, MD10, Tzipora C. Falik-Zaccai, MD11, and Daphne Chapman-Shimshoni, PhD1 Purpose: A retrospective population study was conducted to determine he different Jewish ethnic groups were isolated from the surrounding non-Jewish populations as a result of religious the carrier frequencies of recently identified mutations in Oriental T restrictions and cultural differences, and from each other by Jewish cystic fibrosis patients. Methods: Data were collected from 10 geographical boundaries.1–3 Thus, their respective genetic loads medical centers that screened the following mutations: two splice site differ, except for more ancient founder mutations common in all Ͼ ϩ mutations—3121-1G A and 2751 1insT—and one nonsense muta- Jews that were acquired before the communities dispersed.2 tion—the Y1092X in Iraqi Jews. One missense mutation, I1234V, was With the establishment of the State of Israel in 1948, many of screened in Yemenite Jews. Results: A total of 2499 Iraqi Jews were these Jews migrated back to Israel. Both the mutations charac- tested for one, two, or all three mutations. The 3121-1GϾA, Y1092X, teristic to the specific ethnic groups and the common Jewish and 2751 ϩ 1insT mutations had a carrier frequency of 1:68.5, 1:435, mutations created the basis for the ethnic-specific screens of- and 0, respectively.
    [Show full text]
  • The Liturgy of the Ethiopian Church
    THE LITURGY OF THE ETHIOPIAN CHURCH Translated by the Rev. MARCOS DAOUD Revised by H. E. Blatta MARSIE HAZEN from the English/Arabic translation of Marcos Daoud & H.E. Blatta Marsie Hazen Published in March, 1959 Reprinted June 1991 by the Ethiopian Orthodox Church Kingston, Jamaica with introduction by Abuna Yesehaq Reponsability for errors in this edition is on Priest-monk Thomas Please, forward all comments, questions, suggestions, corrections, criticisms, to [email protected] Re-edited March 22, 2006 www.ethiopianorthodox.org 1 CONTENTS paragraphs total page Introduction ...................................................................................................................... 3 Consecration of New Vessels......................(CHAPTER I)......................................... 13 11 Preparatory Service..................................(CHAPTER II)........................................... 72 12 “ “ ....................................(CHAPTER III)..................................... 219 19 “ “ ...................................... (CHAPTER IV)................................... 62 38 In practice, the logical extension : “ CHAPTER V” would be one of the following anaphoras A. The Anaphora of the Apostles.................................................................................170...... 43 B. The Anaphora of the Lord ................................................................................... 84........58 C. The Anaphora of John, Son of Thunder.............................................................
    [Show full text]
  • PAS Yemenite Jews- P. Liptz
    Crea&ng a Na&on. Prof. Paul Liptz The Yemenite Jews: Returning Home. Park Ave Synagogue. Wednesday July 29 2020 1. When me stops in the Kerem. Michal Shmulovich, Times of Israel March 2012. 1) There is a neighborhood in Tel Aviv in which &me stands s&ll. When you walk down its winding alleyways, you can almost picture how life used to be, before modern mes. An unmistakable nostalgia floats on the breeze, gently whispering about genera&ons past. That neighborhood is Kerem Hateimanim — the Yemeni vineyard — or simply, the Kerem… Built in the late 19th century by Yemeni immigrants, the Kerem actually predates the city of Tel Aviv…And you can see that many of the residents are descendants of the Kerem’s original inhabitants. Residents greet each other with a common, neighborly familiarity… 2) It’s not just that the food has the lure of home cooking; local restaurant owners actually make you feel that you’re sing in their very own home kitchen. They’ll insist that you eat while it’s hot and rush to refill your plate like a worrisome grandmother. Zion and Medina are two of the most famous eateries…Jachnun, a tradi&onal Yemeni dish, is rolled dough cooked into a puff pastry and brushed with a special bu[er. It is typically served with a fresh tomato dip, schug, and a boiled egg — and Yemenis eat it for breakfast. 2. 17 Yemenite Jews secretly airlied to Israel to end the 'historic mission". Ilan Ben Zion Times of Israel 21 March 2016.
    [Show full text]