DOCSLIB.ORG

Kurt Akeley Papers

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Kurt Akeley Papers http://oac.cdlib.org/findaid/ark:/13030/c8rn36st No online items Guide to the Kurt Akeley Papers Patricia White Stanford University. Libraries.Department of Special Collections and University Archives Stanford, California 2002 Copyright © 2015 The Board of Trustees of the Leland Stanford Junior University. All rights reserved. Note This encoded finding aid is compliant with Stanford EAD Best Practice Guidelines, Version 1.0. Guide to the Kurt Akeley Papers SC0628 1 Overview Call Number: SC0628 Creator: Akeley, Kurt Title: Kurt Akeley papers Dates: 1982-2000 Physical Description: 22.5 Linear feet (15 boxes) and 550 megabytes Summary: Papers of Kurt Akeley largely pertaining to research and product development for Silicon Graphics Inc. Language(s): The materials are in English. Repository: Department of Special Collections and University Archives Green Library 557 Escondido Mall Stanford, CA 94305-6064 Email: [email protected] Phone: (650) 725-1022 URL: http://library.stanford.edu/spc Custodial History Gift of Kurt Akeley, 2001 Information about Access The materials are open for research use. Ownership & Copyright Property rights reside with the repository. Literary rights reside with the creators of the documents or their heirs. To obtain permission to publish or reproduce, please contact the Public Services Librarian of the Dept. of Special Collections and University Archives. Cite As [Identification of item], Kurt Akeley Papers (SC0628). Dept. of Special Collections and University Archives, Stanford University Libraries, Stanford, Calif. Biography Kurt Akeley, one of the founders of Silicon Graphics, Incorporated, earned his M.S.E.E. from Stanford University in 1982. He has published papers on computer graphics architectures and taught courses on graphics programming at the annual SIGGRAPH conferences. Scope and Content This collection includes memoranda, reports, manuals, publications, notebooks, outlines and text for presentations, email printouts, patents, slides, and videos pertaining to research and product development for Silicon Graphics and its customers; collection also includes Akeley's notes from a class with Jim Clark, 1987. Access Terms Clark, Jim. Silicon Graphics Inc. Computer assisted graphics. Computer graphics. Visual programming (Computer science). Papers Box 1, Folder 1 ALIAS (Animation) Box 1, Folder 2 AMOCO, Jan 1996 Box 1, Folder 3 Chrysler Box 1, Folder 4 C-Cube Microsystems Box 1, Folder 5 CIE Box 1, Folder 6 Dassault Systems Box 1, Folder 7 D.H. Brown Guide to the Kurt Akeley Papers SC0628 2 Papers Box 1, Folder 8 D.H. Brown Box 1, Folder 9 DUPONT Box 1, Folder 10 EDS Box 1, Folder 11 Evans & Sutherland Box 1, Folder 12 Ford Box 1, Folder 13 General Electric Box 1, Folder 14 Georgia Tech Box 1, Folder 15 ID Software Box 1, Folder 16 ILM Box 1, Folder 17 Intergraph Box 1, Folder 18 KAPL Box 1, Folder 19 Kodak Box 1, Folder 20 Kubota Box 1, Folder 21 Landmark Box 1, Folder 22 Lattice Technology Box 1, Folder 23 Mallincicrodt Radiology Box 1, Folder 24 Marconi Box 1, Folder 25 Matra Box 1, Folder 26 McDonnall Douglas Box 1, Folder 27 Multigen Box 1, Folder 28 NASA Box 1, Folder 29 NASA Langley Box 1, Folder 30 NTT Box 1, Folder 31 Phillips Medical Box 1, Folder 32 Quality Research Box 1, Folder 33 Raytheon Box 1, Folder 34 Sarnoff Research (David Zeltzer) Box 1, Folder 35 Schlumberger Box 1, Folder 36 SDRC Box 1, Folder 37 Sense 8 Box 1, Folder 38 TEXACO Box 1, Folder 39 Microsoft Graphics Presentation, April 1991 Box 1, Folder 40 SE Meeting 1990 Box 1, Folder 41 National Academy of Science Presentation, Feb. 1993 Box 1, Folder 42 Engineering Forum Graphics Presentation, Jan. 1993 Box 1, Folder 43 Performer Slides Box 1, Folder 44 VRML Slides Box 1, Folder 45 ImageVision Slides Box 1, Folder 46 IRIS GL 5.0 (Early Open GL) Box 1, Folder 47 Open GL Misc Slides Box 1, Folder 48 Developer Forum '92 Open GL Presentation Box 1, Folder 49 GLX Presentation, Jan. 1992 Box 1, Folder 50 EuroGraphics Hardware Workshop Presentation, Sept. 1991 Box 1, Folder 51 SigGraph '92 Open GL Course Intro Slides, June 1992 Box 1, Folder 52 SE Presentation 94-95? Stanford Presentation 8-24-95 PEX Group Presentation 92ish Box 1, Folder 53 Waves Presentation John Mashey Box 1, Folder 54 Analyst Presentation LINUX, May 1999 Box 1, Folder 55 SE Broadcast 320/540 Intro, Nov. 1998 Box 1, Folder 56 SLINX Presentation, Nov. 1998 Box 1, Folder 57 Analyst Briefing, July 1998 Box 1, Folder 58 We Have A Problem New Plans Pitch, July 1998 Box 1, Folder 59 Darpa Visit Graphics as Compression, July 1998 Box 1, Folder 60 European Sales Conference, July 1998 Box 1, Folder 61 The New SGI Rick Belluzzo, June 1998 Box 1, Folder 62 Americas Sales Conference, April 1998 Box 1, Folder 63 WINHEC, 1998 Box 1, Folder 64 Cinequest Maverick Award, Jan. 30, 1998 Box 1, Folder 65 Graphics API Roadmap EuroForum '98, Jan. 1998 Guide to the Kurt Akeley Papers SC0628 3 Papers Box 1, Folder 66 EuroForum 98 Keynote, Jan. 1998 Box 2, Folder 1 Fahrenheit Announcement Inside SGI, Dec. 1997 Box 2, Folder 2 Graphics Basics Sales Meeting 1997 Box 2, Folder 3 SigGraph Open GL Paper 1997 Box 2, Folder 4 SigGraph Panel Research Topics 1997 Box 2, Folder 5 Financial Analysts Presentation, Sept. 5, 1997 Box 2, Folder 6 Limits Presentation Mitre Corp/Mashey, April 1997 Box 2, Folder 7 China Trip April 1997 Box 2, Folder 8 Microsoft Meeting NT Plans, Mar. 1997 Box 2, Folder 9 Culture & Organization Exec Offsite, Mar. 1997 Box 2, Folder 10 Leadership Forum Strategic API Talk, Feb. 1997 Box 2, Folder 11 Values Slides Box 2, Folder 12 Kodak Presentation, Dec. 1996 Box 2, Folder 13 ETC Presentation, Dec. 1996 Box 2, Folder 14 Presentation to Ed GFX Plans, Oct. 1996 Box 2, Folder 15 NSF Graphics Future Presentation, Aug. 1996 Box 2, Folder 16 SigGraph '96 Panel Presentation Imaging Features Box 2, Folder 17 SigGraph '96 Panel Presentation GFX PCs vs. Workstations Box 2, Folder 18 ASD Open GL Presentation Mid '96 Box 2, Folder 19 Developer Forum 96 Presentation, Mar. 1996 Box 2, Folder 20 PRS Presentation SFT vs. HRD, Oct. 1995 Box 2, Folder 21 EuroGraphics Hardware Workshop Presentations, Sept. 1995 Box 2, Folder 22 Open GL 1.1 Slides SigGraph 1995 Box 2, Folder 23 SigGraph Award Slides 1995 Box 2, Folder 24 IEEE Presentation, Summer 1995 Box 2, Folder 25 Stanford Presentation on INF Reality, May 1996 Box 2, Folder 26 Japan Expo 94 Slides, Oct. 1994 Box 2, Folder 27 Power Challenge Slides, Aug. 1994 Box 2, Folder 28 SE Meeting, 1994 Box 2, Folder 29 VSG Presentation, Jan. 1994 Box 2, Folder 30 SigGraph '93 open GL Course Presentation, July 1993 Box 2, Folder 31 Patent Office Presentation, 1993 Box 2, Folder 32 Patent Office Presentation, July 1993 Box 2, Folder 33 SigGraph '93 Reality Engine Slides Box 2, Folder 34 SigGraph, 1993 Box 2, Folder 35 AutoFact, 1983 Box 2, Folder 36 NAS, NRC Virtual Reality Box 2, Folder 37 SigGraph 1988 Box 2, Folder 38 SigGraph 1994 Box 2, Folder 39 SigGraph 1995 Box 2, Folder 40 SigGraph 1996 Box 2, Folder 41 SigGraph 1997 Box 2, Folder 42 SigGraph 1998 Box 2, Folder 43 SigGraph 1999 Box 2, Folder 44 SigGraph 2000 Box 2, Folder 45 Euro Hdwr Wrk 1991 Box 2, Folder 46 Euro Hdwr Wrk '95 (empty) Box 2, Folder 47 Eurographics 1998 Box 3, Folder 1 HotChips 1996 Box 3, Folder 2 Graphicon 1995 Box 3, Folder 3 Graphicon 1996 Box 3, Folder 4 I/TES 1988 Box 3, Folder 5 SE meeting '97 San Diego Box 3, Folder 6 Dev Forum [Developer's Forum] 1991 Box 3, Folder 7 Dev Forum 1992 Box 3, Folder 8 Dev Forum 1996 Box 3, Folder 9 Dev Forum 1997 Box 3, Folder 10 Euro Dev Forum 1996 Guide to the Kurt Akeley Papers SC0628 4 Papers Box 3, Folder 11 EuroForum 1998 Box 3, Folder 12 Tech Forum '99 Keynote Box 3, Folder 13 IEEE Oct. 1995 Box 3, Folder 14 GL Book Box 3, Folder 15 Open GL (very early) Box 3, Folder 16 Early Open GL Notes Box 3, Folder 17 Open GL Box 3, Folder 18 ARB [Architectural Review Board] June 1994 Box 3, Folder 19 ARB Aug. 1994 Box 3, Folder 20 ARB Dec. 1994 Box 3, Folder 21 ARB Feb. 1995 Box 3, Folder 22 ARB May 1995 Box 3, Folder 23 ARB Sept. 1995 Box 3, Folder 24 ARB Dec. 1995 Box 3, Folder 25 ARB Feb. 1996 Box 3, Folder 26 ARB May 1996 Box 3, Folder 27 ARB Aug. 1996 Box 3, Folder 28 ARB Dec. 1996 Box 3, Folder 29 ARB Feb. 1997 Box 3, Folder 30 ARB May 1997 Box 3, Folder 31 ARB Mar. 1998 Box 4, Folder 1 ARB (London) June 1998 Box 4, Folder 2 ARB Sept. 1998 Box 4, Folder 3 ARB Dec. 1998 Box 4, Folder 4 ARB Mar. 1999 Box 4, Folder 5 ARB Sept. 1999 Box 4, Folder 6 ARB Dec. 1999 Box 4, Folder 7 ARB Mar. 2000 Box 4, Folder 8 SketchPad Script Box 4, Folder 9 Graphics Strategy Box 4, Folder 10 Compressed Depth Buf Box 4, Folder 11 Open GL 1.1 Box 4, Folder 12 Open GL 1.1 Spec 28 Sept '95 (empty) Box 4, Folder 13 Open GL FFT Box 4, Folder 14 Sun Open GL Box 4, Folder 15 Microsoft Open GL Box 4, Folder 16 NURBS (early) Box 4, Folder 17 IBM GL Box 4, Folder 18 XIL (Sun Imaging) Box 4, Folder 19 E and S Open GL Box 4, Folder 20 Intel 3D-R Box 4, Folder 21 Dore Box 4, Folder 22 Subdivision Surfaces Box 4, Folder 23 GLC Box 4, Folder 24 GLR Box 4, Folder 25 GLUT Box 4, Folder 26 Graphics Papers Box 4, Folder 27 Graphics Papers Box 4, Folder 28 Graphics Papers Box 4, Folder 29 Graphics Papers Box 4, Folder 30 Press Tour Dec.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • 20 Years of Opengl
    20 Years of OpenGL Kurt Akeley © Copyright Khronos Group, 2010 - Page 1 So many deprecations! • Application-generated object names • Depth texture mode • Color index mode • Texture wrap mode • SL versions 1.10 and 1.20 • Texture borders • Begin / End primitive specification • Automatic mipmap generation • Edge flags • Fixed-function fragment processing • Client vertex arrays • Alpha test • Rectangles • Accumulation buffers • Current raster position • Pixel copying • Two-sided color selection • Auxiliary color buffers • Non-sprite points • Context framebuffer size queries • Wide lines and line stipple • Evaluators • Quad and polygon primitives • Selection and feedback modes • Separate polygon draw mode • Display lists • Polygon stipple • Hints • Pixel transfer modes and operation • Attribute stacks • Pixel drawing • Unified text string • Bitmaps • Token names and queries • Legacy pixel formats © Copyright Khronos Group, 2010 - Page 2 Technology and culture © Copyright Khronos Group, 2010 - Page 3 Technology © Copyright Khronos Group, 2010 - Page 4 OpenGL is an architecture Blaauw/Brooks OpenGL SGI Indy/Indigo/InfiniteReality Different IBM 360 30/40/50/65/75 NVIDIA GeForce, ATI implementations Amdahl Radeon, … Code runs equivalently on Top-level goal Compatibility all implementations Conformance tests, … It’s an architecture, whether Carefully planned, though Intentional design it was planned or not . mistakes were made Can vary amount of No feature subsetting Configuration resource (e.g., memory) Config attributes (e.g., FB) Not a formal
    [Show full text]
  • Realityengine Graphics
    RealityEngine Graphics Kurt Akeley Silicon Graphics Computer Systems Abstract Silicon Graphics Iris 3000 (1985) and the Apollo DN570 (1985). Toward the end of the ®rst-generation period advancesin technology The RealityEngineTM graphics system is the ®rst of a new genera- allowed lighting, smooth shading, and depth buffering to be imple- tion of systems designed primarily to render texture mapped, an- mented, but only with an order of magnitude less performance than tialiased polygons. This paper describes the architecture of the was available to render ¯at-shaded lines and polygons. Thus the RealityEngine graphics system, then justi®es some of the decisions target capability of these machines remained ®rst-generation. The made during its design. The implementation is near-massively par- Silicon Graphics 4DG (1986) is an example of such an architecture. allel, employing 353 independent processors in its fullest con®gura- tion, resulting in a measured ®ll rate of over 240 million antialiased, Because ®rst-generation machines could not ef®ciently eliminate texture mapped pixels per second. Rendering performance exceeds hidden surfaces, and could not ef®ciently shade surfaces even if the 1 million antialiased, texture mapped triangles per second. In ad- application was able to eliminate them, they were more effective dition to supporting the functions required of a general purpose, at rendering wireframe images than at rendering solids. Begin- high-end graphics workstation, the system enables realtime, ªout- ning in 1988 a second-generation of graphics systems, primarily the-windowº image generation and interactive image processing. workstations rather than terminals, became available. These ma- chines took advantage of reduced memory costs and the increased availability of ASICs to implement deep framebuffers with multiple CR Categories and Subject Descriptors: I.3.1 [Computer rendering processors.
    [Show full text]
  • Vers Des Supports D'exécution Capables D'exploiter Les Machines
    Vers des supports d’exécution capables d’exploiter les machines multicœurs hétérogènes Cédric Augonnet To cite this version: Cédric Augonnet. Vers des supports d’exécution capables d’exploiter les machines multicœurs hétérogènes. [Travaux universitaires] 2008, pp.48. inria-00289361 HAL Id: inria-00289361 https://hal.inria.fr/inria-00289361 Submitted on 20 Jun 2008 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. M´emoirede MASTER RECHERCHE pr´esent´epar C´edricAugonnet Vers des supports d’execution´ capables d’exploiter les machines multicœurs het´ erog´ enes` Encadrement : Raymond Namyst Fevrier´ – Juin 2008 Laboratoire Bordelais de Recherche en Informatique (LaBRI) INRIA Bordeaux Universit´eBordeaux 1 Table des mati`eres Remerciements v 1 Introduction 1 2 Etat´ de l’art 3 2.1 Architecture : du multicœur a` l’het´ erog´ ene` . 3 2.1.1 Adoption du multicœur . 3 2.1.2 Utilisation d’accel´ erateurs´ . 4 2.1.3 Vers un multicœur het´ erog´ ene` . 5 2.2 Programmation multicœur homogene` . 5 2.2.1 Gestion explicite du parallelisme´ . 6 2.2.2 Se reposer sur un langage . 6 2.3 Programmation d’accel´ erateurs´ . 6 2.3.1 GPGPU .
    [Show full text]
  • Applications of Pixel Textures in Visualization and Realistic Image Synthesis
    Applications of Pixel Textures in Visualization and Realistic Image Synthesis Wolfgang Heidrich, Rudiger¨ Westermann, Hans-Peter Seidel, Thomas Ertl Computer Graphics Group University of Erlangen fheidrich,wester,seidel,[email protected] Abstract which can be used for volume rendering, and the imaging subset, a set of extensions useful not only for image-processing, have been With fast 3D graphics becoming more and more available even on added in this version of the specification. Bump mapping and pro- low end platforms, the focus in developing new graphics hardware cedural shaders are only two examples for features that are likely to is beginning to shift towards higher quality rendering and addi- be implemented at some point in the future. tional functionality instead of simply higher performance imple- On this search for improved quality it is important to identify a mentations of the traditional graphics pipeline. On this search for powerful set of orthogonal building blocks to be implemented in improved quality it is important to identify a powerful set of or- hardware, which can then be flexibly combined to form new algo- thogonal features to be implemented in hardware, which can then rithms. We think that the pixel texture extension by Silicon Graph- be flexibly combined to form new algorithms. ics [9, 12] is a building block that can be useful for many applica- Pixel textures are an OpenGL extension by Silicon Graphics that tions, especially when combined with the imaging subset. fits into this category. In this paper, we demonstrate the benefits of In this paper, we use pixel textures to implement four different this extension by presenting several different algorithms exploiting algorithms for applications from visualization and realistic image its functionality to achieve high quality, high performance solutions synthesis: fast line integral convolution (Section 3), shadow map- for a variety of different applications from scientific visualization ping (Section 4), realistic fog models (Section 5), and finally en- and realistic image synthesis.
    [Show full text]
  • Rasterization Pipeline Aaron Lefohn - Intel / University of Washington Mike Houston – AMD / Stanford
    A Trip Down The (2003) Rasterization Pipeline Aaron Lefohn - Intel / University of Washington Mike Houston – AMD / Stanford Winter 2011 – Beyond Programmable Shading 1 Acknowledgements In addition to a little content by Aaron Lefohn and Mike Houston, this slide deck is based on slides from • Tomas Akenine-Möller (Lund University / Intel) • Eric Demers (AMD) • Kurt Akeley (Microsoft/Refocus Imaging) - CS248 Autumn Quarter 2007 Winter 2011 – Beyond Programmable Shading 2 This talk • Overview of the real-time rendering pipeline available in ~2003 corresponding to graphics APIs: – DirectX 9 – OpenGL 2.x • To clarify – There are many rendering pipelines in existence – REYES – Ray tracing – DirectX11 – … – Today’s lecture is about the ~2003 GPU hardware rendering pipeline Winter 2011 – Beyond Programmable Shading 3 If you need a deeper refresher • See Kurt Akeley’s CS248 from Stanford – http://www-graphics.stanford.edu/courses/cs248-07/schedule.php – This material should serve as a solid refresher • For an excellent “quick” review of programmable shading in OpenCL, see Andrew Adams’ lecture at the above link • GLSL tutorial – http://www.lighthouse3d.com/opengl/glsl/ • Direct3D 9 tutorials – http://www.directxtutorial.com/ – http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/bb944006(v=vs.85).aspx • More references at the end of this deck Winter 2011 – Beyond Programmable Shading 4 The General Rasterization Pipeline Winter 2011 – Beyond Programmable Shading 5 Rendering Problem Statement • Rendering is the process of creating an image from a computer representation
    [Show full text]
  • Kurt Akeley Interview
    Kurt Akeley Interview Interviewer by: Dag Spicer Recorded: November 5, 2010 Mountain View, California CHM Reference number: X5984.2011 © 2010 Computer History Museum Kurt Akeley Interview Dag Spicer: Okay. So today is Friday, November the 11th, 2010 in Mountain View, California at the Computer History Museum and we’re delighted today to have Kurt Akeley, one of the co-founders of Silicon Graphics--a world leader in computer graphic systems, with us today. Thank you for being with us, Kurt. Kurt Akeley: You’ve very welcome. Spicer: I wanted to ask you what it was like at SGI [Silicon Graphics, Inc.] in the early days in terms of the work ethic and company culture. Akeley: Yeah. Well, we … there was a strong work ethic. We all worked really hard, but I think, right from the beginning we also worked hard and played hard. And it was a very collegial environment. We were-- a lot of us weren’t very old-- I mean, Jim Clark, the real founder of the company was, I don’t know, 35 or something I forget how old at that point. But the rest of us were quite a bit younger. A lot of us were just either graduate students or very recently graduate students. So young, not so much family, and so I think the company became our home as well as our place of work. And Jim, at least to me, [became] very much of a father figure. He was out to do something great and he was very ambitious about it but he was- - I think he really enjoyed building this little family and kind of bringing us with him where we were going.
    [Show full text]
  • Procedural Representations for Computer Animation
    Encapsulated Models: Procedural Representations for Computer Animation DISSERTATION Presented in Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree Doctor of Philosophy in the Graduate School of The Ohio State University By Stephen Forrest May, B.S., M.S. ***** The Ohio State University 1998 Dissertation Committee: Approved by Prof. Wayne E. Carlson, Adviser Prof. Richard E. Parent Adviser Prof. Neelam Soundarajan Department of Computer and Prof. Charles A. Csuri Information Science MANY PAGES DISCARDED 1.1.2 Historical Development of Computer Animation Systems Traditionally, animation systems have neatly filed themselves into one of two distinctly different classifications: scripting and interactive. Modern systems still can be classified in this manner, although increasingly the distinction between the two classifications is being blurred. 16 1.1.2.1 Scripting Systems The first computer animations were produced by writing programs to generate the an- imation using general purpose programming languages (e.g., Fortran). General purpose languages are flexible and inherently allow programmers to take advantage of conventional programming mechanisms (e.g., variables, subroutines, conditional statement execution, it- eration) and techniques (e.g., structured programming, object-oriented design, recursion) to produce animation. The main disadvantage of this approach is that many elements needed to generate animations (e.g., specifying geometric shapes, building hierarchies, generating output for renderers, applying transformations to objects) have to be reimplemented for each animation. The amount of work required to provide the underlying framework can easily outweigh the programming needed that is unique to the production of the animation task at hand. In response to the problems of using general purpose programming languages, re- searchers developed specialized programming languages, procedural animation languages, designed for the task of computer animation [30, 47, 60, 64, 65, 80, 104, 111, 113].
    [Show full text]
  • Reality Engine Graphics
    RealityEngine Graphics Kurt Akeley Silicon Graphics Computer Systems Abstract Silicon Graphics Iris 3000 (1985) and the Apollo DN570 (1985). Toward the end of the ®rst-generation period advancesin technology The RealityEngineTM graphics system is the ®rst of a new genera- allowed lighting, smooth shading, and depth buffering to be imple- tion of systems designed primarily to render texture mapped, an- mented, but only with an order of magnitude less performance than tialiased polygons. This paper describes the architecture of the was available to render ¯at-shaded lines and polygons. Thus the RealityEngine graphics system, then justi®es some of the decisions target capability of these machines remained ®rst-generation. The made during its design. The implementation is near-massively par- Silicon Graphics 4DG (1986) is an example of such an architecture. allel, employing 353 independent processors in its fullest con®gura- tion, resulting in a measured ®ll rate of over 240 million antialiased, Because ®rst-generation machines could not ef®ciently eliminate texture mapped pixels per second. Rendering performance exceeds hidden surfaces, and could not ef®ciently shade surfaces even if the 1 million antialiased, texture mapped triangles per second. In ad- application was able to eliminate them, they were more effective dition to supporting the functions required of a general purpose, at rendering wireframe images than at rendering solids. Begin- high-end graphics workstation, the system enables realtime, ªout- ning in 1988 a second-generation of graphics systems, primarily the-windowº image generation and interactive image processing. workstations rather than terminals, became available. These ma- chines took advantage of reduced memory costs and the increased availability of ASICs to implement deep framebuffers with multiple CR Categories and Subject Descriptors: I.3.1 [Computer rendering processors.
    [Show full text]
  • Applications of Pixel Textures in Visualization and Realistic Image Synthesis
    Applications of Pixel Textures in Visualization and Realistic Image Synthesis Wolfgang Heidrich, Rudiger¨ Westermann, Hans-Peter Seidel, Thomas Ertl Computer Graphics Group University of Erlangen heidrich,wester,seidel,ertl ¡ @informatik.uni-erlangen.de Abstract which can be used for volume rendering, and the imaging subset, a set of extensions useful not only for image-processing, have been With fast 3D graphics becoming more and more available even on added in this version of the specification. Bump mapping and pro- low end platforms, the focus in developing new graphics hardware cedural shaders are only two examples for features that are likely to is beginning to shift towards higher quality rendering and addi- be implemented at some point in the future. tional functionality instead of simply higher performance imple- On this search for improved quality it is important to identify a mentations of the traditional graphics pipeline. On this search for powerful set of orthogonal building blocks to be implemented in improved quality it is important to identify a powerful set of or- hardware, which can then be flexibly combined to form new algo- thogonal features to be implemented in hardware, which can then rithms. We think that the pixel texture extension by Silicon Graph- be flexibly combined to form new algorithms. ics [9, 12] is a building block that can be useful for many applica- Pixel textures are an OpenGL extension by Silicon Graphics that tions, especially when combined with the imaging subset. fits into this category. In this paper,
    [Show full text]
  • Achieving Near-Correct Focus Cues Using Multiple Image Planes
    ACHIEVING NEAR-CORRECT FOCUS CUES USING MULTIPLE IMAGE PLANES A DISSERTATION SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING AND THE COMMITTEE ON GRADUATE STUDIES OF STANFORD UNIVERSITY IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY Kurt Akeley June 2004 c Copyright by Kurt Akeley 2004 All Rights Reserved ii I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Patrick Hanrahan (Principal Adviser) I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Martin S. Banks (Visual Space Perception Laboratory University of California, Berkeley) I certify that I have read this dissertation and that, in my opinion, it is fully adequate in scope and quality as a dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Mark A. Horowitz Approved for the University Committee on Graduate Studies. iii Abstract Typical stereo displays stimulate incorrect focus cues because the light comes from a single surface. The consequences of incorrect focus cues include discomfort, difficulty perceiving the depth of stereo images, and incorrect perception of distance. This thesis describes a prototype stereo display comprising two independent volumetric displays. Each volumetric display is implemented with three image planes, which are fixed in position relative to the viewer, and are arranged so that the retinal image is the sum of light from three different focal distances. Scene geometry is rendered separately to the two fixed-viewpoint volumetric displays, using projections that are exact for each eye.
    [Show full text]
  • Computer Graphics: Principles and Practice
    Top: Courtesy of Michael Kass, Pixar Courtesy of Daniel Keefe, University of Minnesota. and Andrew Witkin, © 1991 ACM, Inc. Reprinted by permission. Bottom: Courtesy of Greg Turk, © 1991 ACM, Inc. Reprinted by permission. (0, 0, 0) (0, y9, 0) (0, y9, 1) (0, y, 0) (0, y, z) Courtesy of Steve Strassmann. © 1986 ACM, Inc. Reprinted by permission. Courtesy of Ken Perlin, © 1985 ACM, Inc. Reprinted by permission. Courtesy of Ramesh Raskar; © 2004 ACM, Inc. Reprinted by permission. Courtesy of Stephen Marschner, © 2002 ACM, Inc. Reprinted by permission. Courtesy of Seungyong Lee, © 2007 ACM, Inc. Reprinted by permission. Computer Graphics Third Edition This page intentionally left blank Computer Graphics Principles and Practice Third Edition JOHN F. HUGHES ANDRIES VAN DAM MORGAN MCGUIRE DAVID F. SKLAR JAMES D. FOLEY STEVEN K. FEINER KURT AKELEY Upper Saddle River, NJ • Boston • Indianapolis • San Francisco New York • Toronto • Montreal • London • Munich • Paris • Madrid Capetown • Sydney • Tokyo • Singapore • Mexico City Many of the designations used by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed with initial capital letters or in all capitals. The authors and publisher have taken care in the preparation of this book, but make no expressed or implied warranty of any kind and assume no responsibility for errors or omissions. No liability is assumed for incidental or consequential damages in connection with or arising out of the use of the information or programs contained herein. The publisher offers excellent discounts on this book when ordered in quantity for bulk purchases or special sales, which may include electronic versions and/or custom covers and content particular to your business, training goals, marketing focus, and branding interests.
    [Show full text]
  • A Stereo Display Prototype with Multiple Focal Distances
    A Stereo Display Prototype with Multiple Focal Distances Kurt Akeley∗ Simon J. Watt† Ahna Reza Girshick† Martin S. Banks†† Stanford University∗ University of California, Berkeley† Abstract displays, which provide correct binocular disparity specifying a range of fixation distances while forcing accommodation to a single image plane. Typical stereo displays provide incorrect focus cues because the light comes from a single surface. We describe a prototype stereo The consequences of the forced decoupling of viewer vergence display comprising two independent fixed-viewpoint volumetric and accommodation include discomfort [Wopking¨ 1995], induced displays. Like autostereoscopic volumetric displays, fixed- binocular stress [Mon-Williams et al. 1993; Wann et al. 1995], viewpoint volumetric displays generate near-correct focus cues and difficulty in fusing the two images into a stereo pair [Wann without tracking eye position, because light comes from sources et al. 1995]. Another consequence of this decoupling is error at the correct focal distances. (In our prototype, from three image in the perception of scene geometry. Estimation of angles in planes at different physical distances.) Unlike autostereoscopic scene geometry is more accurate, for example, when correct volumetric displays, however, fixed-viewpoint volumetric displays focal distance information is provided than when correct binocular retain the qualities of modern projective graphics: view-dependent projections of an object are viewed at the wrong accommodative lighting effects such as occlusion, specularity, and reflection are distance [Watt et al. 2003]. Accommodation to a single image plane correctly depicted; modern graphics processor and 2-D display also eliminates a depth cue—variation in blur—and this too causes technology can be utilized; and realistic fields of view and depths error in the perception of scene geometry [Mather and Smith 2000].
    [Show full text]