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Exporting to Going Global A guide for clients

#GlobalAmbition The Covid-19 pandemic has created a new set of challenges for the Norwegian market. Ireland is responding to the global Home crisis by working with Irish exporters to help them avail of business response supports announced by the Government. These supports Norway at a Glance are designed to help businesses stabilise and adapt to the evolving situation, in preparation for Why Export to Norway getting back on the road to recovery. Visit the Covid-19 business response Get Ready to Do Business in Norway Keystones of Norwegian Business Culture Key Opportunities in Norway Going Global Legal and Taxation Information Norway’s Cities Helping You Win in Norway Contact Us References

1 1 664,483 NOK 5,295,619 GDP Per Capita Capital Population Current PPPs (2019):

1.3%2 3.8%1 Going Global GDP Growth 2019 Unemployment 2019

-0.2% €116.7m3 +9%

Norwegian exports Enterprise Ireland in 2019 client exports 2019 point, liablefor Corporation (CIT) Non-resident companies are, asastarting decade, compared to manyother countries growth inforeign investments over thelast of employment. Norway recorded strong all value creation inNorway andabout 20% Foreign companies represent about 25% of Norway withmanyadditionalbranchoffices. 6,000 foreign-owned limited companies in investment andbusiness. There are about Norway hasalways beenopento foreign combination ofprivate andpublic ownership. characterised by beingopenandmixed, witha economy. TheNorwegianeconomy is highly withavery strong Norway isapolitically stable, modernand Development Program (UNDP) years by the to livecountry infor consecutive 15 hasrankedcountry No.1 asthe best The andaurora lights. attractions like mountains, , known natural country for its KingdomofNorway isaNordicThe Norway to Why Export reigning Vistheand KingHarald current monarchyNorway hasaconstitutional 5 . 4 . 6 . with EUmembership. asthose companies thesame opportunities Economic Area agreement, givingNorwegian the internal market through theEuropean Union; however, of thecountry ispart Norway isnot amemberoftheEuropean average, 8-16% higherincomparison to other . Norway’s GDPwas 27% above theEU Norway hasthe2ndhighestGDPpercapita in . equipped to quicklyadapt inarapidlychanging and aflexible labour market, Norway is well- living standards, amodernmarket economy This isset at22%.Withpolitical stability, high either conducted inormanagedfrom Norway. in Norway whenengaged inabusiness thatis 7 . in your strategy export Reasons to include Norway . capability for innovation 20th intheworld Norway ranks world. business inthe best place to do Norway is9th 6th in skills. Norway ranks 8 10 9

. stability macro-economic Norway ranks1ston in theworld. competitive country most sustainably Norway isthe6th 9 9

Going Global in Norway Businessto Do Get Ready weekend as like to travel upto themountains for the afternoon ortake anymeetingsatallonaFriday afternoon, with theirfamily. Don’t meetingslate inthe expect to start will leave theoffice at around 4pm tobehome fordinner Family comes firstinNorway, and even senior managers to take acommunal summer holiday Across allindustries, Norway shuts down for the monthof many structures creating ahighlyefficient businesswithout building too hierarchy, flatstructures andinformal communication, often disregard titlesandsymbols ofpower. There islittle key to sustaining apositive business relationship. They Norwegians viewasthe trust betweenbusiness partners relationship inthe Nordics. online calls isimperative to apositive business informal. to and business punctual meetings Being focused, and solution-orientated, punctual efficiency andmodesty. The Nordics are deal- other Scandinavian countries, based onequality, Norway shares acommon business culture with paternalistic, authoritarian figures expected to actmore ascoaches andfacilitators thanas women occupy senior business positions. Managers are intheworkplace,There are equalopportunities andmany 14 . 11 . 12 . 13 . centre withover 690,000 residents the capital andthecountry’s commercial in thesouthern halfofthecountry. Oslois countries intheworld. Many residents live Norway isoneofthemostsparsely populated Travelling andgeography 70,000 people live inTromsø . ofthecountry, Inthenorth about citiesinclude , and and including Amsterdam,from theairport, London passengers ayear. There are 36direct routes andcarries oversecond largest airport 6million day. (BGO) BergenInternational isthe Airport night train from 11pmtothefollowing 12pm will take you from to Oslo, ora to Osloare seasonal. Asix-hour train journey Air Shuttle andSAS. Directfrom flights (OSL). AirlinesincludeOslo Airport Norwegian ). Thesouth can beaccessed through 196km border withRussia (plus a23km marine , 736kmatthetop ofFinland anda Norway’s include 1,630km alongside 17 . 16 . 15 . Other . Other language. materials, presentations andbusiness cards into plans inNorway should translate marketing English. However, companies withlong-term Many Norwegiansare comfortablespeakingin Language Health Organisation website. and Employment andthe World ofEnterprise,Department Trade business continuityadvice from the ofForeignthe Department Affairs, www.gov.ie/, travel advice from Government ofIreland advice at to regularlyclients review the in 2020, we are advising all In lightofglobaltravel restrictions

Going Global (continued) Business inNorway Get Ready to Do represent several companies. Keep inmindthatadistributor oragentcan businesses to Norway. wanting to export located throughout Norway thatsupport There are anumber ofdistributors/agents Distributors/agents punctuality. approach, flatmanagementstructure and business, egsales cycles, consensus-driven understand theScandinavian way ofdoing Direct sales are possible, but you must salesDirect MARKET TO ROUTES information. See www.theexplorer.nopartners. for companies withNorwegianbusiness Norway, TheExplorer matches International collaboration. Managed by Innovation including jointventures, licensing andR&D options are possible,A variety ofpartnership Partnerships penetrate nicheareas ofinterest. of knowledge andcontactsrequired to given thescale ofthemarket andthedepth Pathfinders role can play animportant Pathfinders/market experts/consultants

Going Global Business Culture Keystones ofNorwegian , Sydney andPortland Stockholm, Amsterdam, Paris, Copenhagen, Rio deJaneiro, Toronto, Vancouver, San Francisco, based onOslo’s model,including New York City, countries areOther developing climate budgets become alow-carbon city. or plannedfor Osloto reach climate its targetsand The climate budget shows measures implemented intheworldcity to implementaclimate budget. In 2017, Norway’s capital city, Oslo, became thefirst companies. building andincreasing trust betweensocietyand and sustainability disclosure asinstrumental in The Norwegiangovernment sees transparency leans more andmore towards theSMEsector. field of sustainability reporting. Today theemphasis on public policy andregulation involvement inthe business strategies. Norway places strong emphasis they integrate social responsibility into their large companies to provide information onhow force inNorway in2013. Thelegislation requires Regulation came into onsustainabilityreporting reporting Sustainable first climate budget first Oslo, hometo the world’s 18 . empowerment andpoliticalattainment, healthandsurvival andopportunity,participation educational The index14thyear. isinits Itmeasures economic currently ranked second chart. inthegenderparity Rating Norway well, Report, isperforming andis According to the2020GlobalGenderGapIndex boards was passed inNorway at least40% representation ofeachgender on tax authorities are obligedto collect andpay VAT to Norwegian ´soft´ to services Norwegianconsumers (B2C) Since April 2020, foreign providers ofelectronic Norway, DenmarkandFinland gathered more than13millionusers across Sweden, apps. Together, Swish, VippsandMobilePay have payments hasseen thegrowthofmobilepayment even for smallamounts.Opennessto new forms of payments, withresidentsregularly usingthem the “world leaders” whenitcomes to cashless Statistics from Visa show thatNorway isamong E-commerce equality Gender 21 19 society Cashless . Sellers (online stores and . In2003, alegal requirement of

20 . 18 . January 2021 but isnot 2021 identicalJanuary e-commerce package thatenters into force on1st sellers. Thisscheme hassimilaritieswiththeEUVAT E-Commerce), hasbeenintroduced for foreign registration scheme, called VOEC (VAT on charge andpay VAT to Norway. Asimplified marketplaces) must now take steps to register, reception andhigh-speed fibre cable are standard. City Network. City and Trondheim are allmembers oftheNordic Smart key driver oftransformation inthisdecade of wireless networks.5G is expected to bethe to greatly increase thespeedandresponsiveness latest iteration ofcellular technology, engineered in Norway. Fifth-generation wireless (5G) isthe operator to launch acommercial 5Gnetwork March 2020saw become thefirstmobile customers protection ofinvestments andabetterfor service for greater efficiency in businessoperations, connectivity afforded by theframework allows Smart framework. City Thehighlevel ofdigital Businesses benefitin numerous ways from the digitally savvydigitally population 5G network

23 Smart cities and cities Smart . Bergen,Oslo, Stavanger, 22 . 24 . 4G

Going Global Opportunities inNorway Opportunities Key Growth GDP andanastonishing 39% oftotal exports sector, accounting for approximately 14% of The oilandgas industryisNorway’s mostimportant and the3rd largest producer ofgas inthe world Today Norway isthe8thlargest producer ofoil Norway, there are world-leading companies in dynamic positioningequipment. InSouthern related to subsea technology, automation and , astrong cluster hasbeendeveloped and subsea equipment.InBuskerud, especially in has become acentre for platform maintenance research andeducation, whiletheBergen companies. Trondheim hasastrong positionin andacluster ofseismicengineering expertise In andaround Oslo, there iswell-established technology offshore supply and service vessels and subsea and hoses for theshipyard industry; andadvanced anddrillingrigequipment;valves,services nuts value chain,including seismic andengineering supplying for goodsandservices allstagesofthe industry andincludes more than1,250 companies The Norwegianoilandgas industry isavaried of theNorwegian state. to economic growth inNorway, andto thefinancing activitieshave contributed significantly 27 Oil &Gas . 25 . 26 . 80,000 calls around theworld port every year. The Norwegianforeign-going fleetmakes about finished articles by sea, intheform of rawmaterials, componentsor of whatwe consume hasbeenorwillbetransported play ingrowth andsustainable development. Much hasanessential roleefficient maritime to transport As theworld’s population grows, low-cost and environments for research anddevelopment of insurance andstrong andfinancial services, societies, shipdesigners,brokers, providers , equipmentmanufacturers, classification international shippingcompanies, seafarers, complete maritimecluster, consisting ofleading Norway isoneofonlyafew countries witha being used inverydifferent fields developed for thepetroleum industry andisnow many examples oftechnology thatwas originally that isalso useful for other sectors. There are supply hasdeveloped industry aknowledge base The specialised andtechnologically advanced offshore vessels. shipbuilding andoutfitting cluster, for advanced maritime companies thatprovide acomplete drilling technology, andtheÅlesund region has Maritime 30 . 28 . 29 . and services made up9% ofgoods oftotal Norwegianexports in2014, Norwegianship’sexported; equipment equipment produced by Norwegiancompanies is Almost90%share ofNorwegianexports. ofship’s in Norway. Theindustryalso accounts for alarge industries among thelargest andmostimportant and more than110,000 peopleemployed, itis With atotal value creation close to NOK175 billion advanced vessels for theglobalmarineindustry leader inthedesign,construction andoperation of billion companies withacombined turnover ofNOK59 GCE Blue Maritime Cluster consistsof220 just amargin aheadofNorway inthelist. largest nationsby far andtheUSA isinfourthplace, nations. , andChina are thethree Norway ranksasNo. 5intheworld ofship-owning travel. way assimilarsolutions have modernised leisure international tradeinthesame andfreight transport based logisticssystems willalso revolutionise increased safety, efficiency and flexibility. Internet- control systems willhelpshipsmaneuver with scheduled operationsalongthecoast. Digital will progress from pilot projects to commercial Over thenext few years, autonomous solutions 32 . Based inMøre, thecluster isaworld 31 . 33 .

Going Global (continued) inNorway Opportunities Key Growth logistics biotechnology, products high-quality and are linked to thesea, including , Various andprofitable activities important in processing. work infishing, 6,000 infish farming,and 10,000 employs about 30,000 people, ofwhom14,000 products to around 150countries. Theindustry intheformexported, ofover 2,000 different Approximately 95% ofwhatisproduced is NOK30 billion. years, value hasdoubled thelandedexport to over vessels inNorway, andinthecourse ofthelast10 year. There are about 10,000 registered of between 2.5and3milliontonnes offishper This longcoastline provides Norway withcatches equator is40,000km. perspective, theearth’s circumference atthe stretchfjords, some 57,000km – to put thisinto Norway’s coastline, including islandsand its 34 . & Aquaculture Seafood, Fishing supplies electricity to 22,000 British . world’s firstfloating offshore wind farm,which now 2017, thecompany openedHywind Scotland, the floating offshore wind developer. InOctober inStavanger,headquartered istheworld’s leading state-owned multinational energy company (formerly Statoil), theNorwegian will nearlydouble Norway’s installedcapacity the facility willbeEurope’s largest kind and ofits 3,400GWh. Once completed attheendof2020, of 1,000MW andtotal annual production of comprises sixwindfarms, withatotal capacity a new windpower facility inNorway. Fosen Vind production of5.3TWh. isconstructing installed capacityof1695MW, for atotal annual Norwegian onshore windpower hadatotal plants developments have come fast. At theendof2018, of Norway’s renewable energy production, power production comprises onlyasmallsegment renewable technologies worldwide. Although wind Onshore windisoneofthemostimportant year. to supply 75,000 households withelectricity each . Theplantwillgenerate enough and technologically advanced plantin Lyse recently openedLysebotn 2,anew flexible the world andthelargest inEurope. Thecompany Norway istheseventh largest hydropower nationin Technologies Green 35 . tons annual CO₂ emissionsby around 200,000 metric largest floatingwindproject inthe world, reducing windturbines,itwillbethe 11(8MW) With its offshore wind farm to power oiland gas platforms. build HywindTampen, theworld’s firstfloating In October 2019, Equinor gained permissionto funding. with foreign companies, and projects under EU forterms business, ofopportunities collaborations Norway Healthtech Cluster isthemostadvanced in medical technology market. nearly 90% ofthe total turnover oftheNorwegian a turnover ofnearly NOK9billion,whichrepresents interest inmedical devices. These companies have manufacture, distribute, sell, or otherwisetake an approximately 115Norwegiancompanies that Welfare Technology. They currently organise Medtek Norge istheAssociation for Healthand country. advancements ofmedtech andlife sciences inthe healthcare that spendsmostoftheirGDPpercitizenon Norway isoneofthefew countries intheworld in Norway willbeaged70 orover. increase, andby 2060, roughly every fifthperson aged 70 years orover. Thispercentage isset to Today, justover oneinninepeopleNorway are 36 . 37 . Thisisdrivingthecontinuous Healthcare

Going Global (continued) inNorway Opportunities Key Growth and remote areas intheArctic telemedicine to provide for services peopleinrural Europe. Norway iswell known for earlyuse its of one ofthemostsparsely populated countries in nearly 400,000 square kilometres, makingit Norway spread has5millioninhabitants over the globalmarket ontosolutions onto thenationalstageandfurther Health Tech thecompanies assists inbringingthese seek out innovative solutions inthefield.Norway cluster with250members,manyofwhichactively Norway HealthTech isNorway’s largest health e-health centre withinthefieldof telemedicine and is theworld’s largest research anddevelopment Centre for Integrated Care andTelemedicine (NST) 40 . Telemedicine 38 . 39 . TheNorwegian innovative technologies andwork practices. have beenattheforefront ofintroducing arangeof construction andengineeringcompanies services timeframes,Irish andshorter projects inshorter demand to build ever more complex, largescale price, programme andspecification. Driven by the sector thatcan deliver theassetsrequired to Ireland’s reputation isalliedto aconstruction designing, building andfitting out datacentres. Irish companies are verystrong whenitcomes to projects intheNordics. companies are involved inallhyperscale datacentre of thelowest costsofenergy intheworld. Irish sustainable power, fast fibre networksandone several datacentre projects due to secure and Norway andtherest oftheNordics have attracted Data CentresData 2019 were electric than Norway: 43% ofallnew cars sold inNorway in in theworld hasmore electric vehicles percapita year by 2030 inEurope alone This market isexpected to reach 450GWh per marketwhich meansthebattery isalso growing. the international market isgrowing, governments inthelast15years policies enacted andsustained by Norwegian the electrification due of to early transport, Norway isleadinginenergy transition and & Production Battery Mobility Electric 43 . 42 . Noother country 41 . Theincrease in

Going Global Information Legal &Taxation citizen work permitisNOK6,300 all EU/EEA nationals,but anon-EU/EEA process isonline. Theprocess isfree for the Norwegian Police. Theapplication for EU/EEA nationalsisadministered by Area (EEA) a memberoftheEuropean Economic . Importantly, Norway isalso along withIceland, and European Association (EFTA) , itisamemberofthe Although Norway isnot amemberofthe Visa requirements authorities register withtheNorwegianimmigration for more thanthree monthsmust this . AllEUcitizenslivinginNorway choose residence inanycountry within Single Market, including thefreedom to andcapitalservices withintheEuropean the free movement ofpersons, goods, 45 44 . Theregistration scheme . TheEEAprovides for 46 .

https://www.patentstyret.no/en/ can befound at about applyingfor apatent inNorway patent. Comprehensive information registering atrademark, designor Office provides including many services The NorwegianIndustrial Property rights property Intellectual andregulations rules Import must register thecompany for VAT NOK50,000 over period,you a12-month sold for goodsorservices more than tax (VAT) rate is25%. Whenyou have Thestandard value added imports. duties onEEAcountriesare noimport oftheEFTA,As Norway ispart there

48

47 . profits from activitiesinNorway its there, itonlypays company taxonits Norway but hasanoffice orbranch gains). Ifyour company isn’t based in selling assets above cost (chargeable made from doingbusiness, investing and 22%. Taxable profits include money The company taxrate for Norway is Key taxes andlicenses Centre be found viaTheBrønnøysund Register on setting upabusiness inNorway can Norwegian company. More information more simplythanregistering aseparate businessinNorway activity to start branch office allows theparent company Register ofBusiness Enterprises. A foreign withthe enterprise (NUF) be registered asaNorwegianregistered Norwegian organisation number must All foreign enterprises thatneeda Corporate structures business andsubmitting multiple Forms inregistering andservices your

49 orAltinn 50 . 51 . dialogue found viaAltinn,thedigitalgovernment corporate forms inNorway can be Labour Lawfor more information Read theNHO’s Basics ofNorwegian holidays, andmaternity/paternity leave. the amount ofrequired working hours, They differsignificantly from Ireland in into thelocal labour lawsinNorway. The NHOoffersa comprehensive insight Employment 52 . 53 .

Going Global Cities Norway’s Fastest growing hub in information. www.oscarsgate27.no for more operate withinNorway. See inNorway inorder to beableto companies thatwant to register their service Office for OIH offersVirtual across Norway: choosing to export for Internationalsupports businesses Oslo International Hub(OIH) offers information. www.oslosciencecity.no for more ecosystems for innovation. See with room for businesses andstrong Science willbeavibrantarea City currently underdevelopment, Oslo Knowledge inLondon and Quarter Based onthehighlysuccessful more information. Innovation Week. See www.OIW.no for gatherings such asOsloFintech andOslo workforce anddedicated international ishometoThe city atech capable innovative andinspiringcultural centre. fast-growing thrive inan start-ups capital. Here, leadingbusinesses and governmental, economic andcultural Oslo isNorway’s fast-growing OSLO

maritime centremaritime Gateway andaglobal to the fjords from around theworld attracts agrowing number oftourists the famous Bergen Norwegianfjords, wind power. direct Withits access to centre, withafocus onhydro and industry hub andarisingcleanenergy ofBergen isaglobalmaritime The city information. www.bergen.impacthub.net for more meeting andlearning.See is aspace for collaborative working, entrepreneurial communities. Thehub largest networksfocused onbuilding Impact HubBergen isoneoftheworld’s information. www.visinnovasjon.no for more innovation andgrowth.See ’s ecosystem for collaborative skillsto boostandsupport Vis Innovasjon Bergen offers sectors inimportant and leadingexpertise and wide-rangingresearch community Economics have given Bergen a strong andtheNorwegianSchool of University ofBergen,Bergen University Large educational institutionssuch asthe BERGEN 55 .

54 . Where future meets nature Where future meets economy been thesparkfor Norway’s knowledge here several decades ago, has thecity mobile phonestandard was invented and research institutions.Since theGSM with 45,000 universities studentsatits The Trondheim region isavibrantcity www.digs.no for more information. and evolving community. See 2013, withamissionto create athriving and creatives since startups supporting Trondheim andhasplayed akey role in DIGS was thefirst coworking space in more information. over theworld. See www..no for innovation for societyandcustomers all SINTEF hasdeveloped solutions and and small.For more than70 years, thousand projects for customers large Every year theyout several carry independent research organisations. SINTEF isoneofEurope’s largest TRONDHEIM 56 .

information. www.innovasjonspark.no for further business environment. See ofInnovationalso Park’s bepart wider employees. Asamember, you will working inacompany withafew entrepreneurs, freelancers andothers workplace for theself-employed, The Nestco-working space isa Unlimited energy andtourism economic region generally beenNorway’s mostsuccessful Sea field,Ekofisk. The area has 1969 withthediscovery inthesouthern oiladventureStavanger’s began in area, withabout 400,000 residents. region, isNorway’s third largest urban Stavanger, Europe’s leadingenergy STAVANGER

57 .

Going Global • • • • • • • • the market. for engaging withtheEnterprise Ireland team in inpreparation the full rangeofpossiblesupports Research Centre inDublinto ensure they leverage Advisor (DA) andtheEnterprise Ireland Market companies should engage withtheirDevelopment Prior to engaging withanoverseas market, client Pre-visit support newentering markets with: clients Enterprise Ireland assists Win inNorway Helping You resources Summary ofrelevant market information Relevant contacts/suggested itinerary Competitor analysis Suggested channelsto market Evaluation ofyour market strategy entry or service Validation for your oftheopportunity product Sector overview General market andcountry level information In-market support • • • • • • business abroad. These include: extensive programme ofevents your to support Every year, Enterprise Ireland organises an events trade International the Irishbusiness associations. businessspecialists, accelerators andmembersof their businesses. Thisincludes market andsector work withIrishclientcompanies ondeveloping network ofmentors inNorway whoare ableto Enterprise Ireland hasbuilt upanexcellent Mentors • • • • • relationships withmarket contacts Networking events to build andenhance and workshops Client knowledge events including seminars markets Study to visits gain knowledge ofoverseas Overseas trade missions fairs international tradeGroup standsatimportant Inward buyers’ missionsto Ireland Securing reference sites Assistance withproduct launches/workshop Facilitation ofbuyer visitto Ireland Identification ofpotential partners Introductions to buyers anddecision-makers invest-in-norway/industries/ https://www.innovasjonnorge.no/en/start-page/ andgas andoilplease goto including manufacturing,opportunities travel and For acomplete overview ofNorwegian business located throughout thecountry. from hot desksto international business support business there are abroad number ofservices a whileorsetting upaNorwegianoffice for your Whether you are visitingbriefly, planning to stay See www.innovasjonnorge.no for information and facilitate investment processes. connect youopportunities, to relevant networks Norway. Invest inNorway’s remit isto assess your companies theirbusiness establishandrun in andanextensiveservices networkto helpforeign Invest inNorway can provide awiderangeof https://en.chamber.no/om-oss/about-us/ meetings, seminars andevents their network. They hostawiderangeofbreakfast focus andoffersknowledge and throughcontacts Oslo Chamber ofCommerce hasaninternational www.dfa.ie/irish-embassy/norway/ Embassy ofIreland, Norway networksLocal andbusiness supports • www.enterprise-ireland.com/events Further information isavailable at:

Going Global Contact Us ireland-nordics/ LinkedIn: https://www.linkedin.com/showcase/enterprise- Twitter: @EI_nordics T: +46 (0)8459 2161 Norway 0244 Oslo Haakon VII'sGt.1 5th Floor Embassy ofIreland 2300 Copenhagen Arne Jacobsens Alle 15 Enterprise Ireland Sweden 111 48Stockholm, Hovslagargatan 5, Enterprise Ireland Ireland’s European Structural andInvestment FundsProgrammes 2014-2020. Co-funded by theIrishGovernment andtheEuropean Union. © Enterprise Ireland June2019

Going Global References

1 https://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/nokkeltall/population 21 https://www.skatteetaten.no/en/business-and-organisation/vat-and-duties/vat/ foreign/e-commerce-voec/ 2 https://www.ssb.no/en/knr 22 https://www.schjodt.no/en/news--events/newsletters/cross-border-e-commerce-and- 3 Enterprise Ireland Annual Business Review 2019 vat--new-rules-in-norway/

4 https://norwaytoday.info/finance/norway-the--best-country-to-live-in/ 23 https://www.information-age.com/businesses-and-smart-cities-123473679/

5 https://www.royalcourt.no/ 24 https://techblog.comsoc.org/2018/06/06/5-nordic-countries-agree-to-accelerate-5g/

6 https://www.innovasjonnorge.no/en/start-page/invest-in-norway/why-norway1/ 25 https://www.lifeinnorway.net/oil-gas-jobs/

7 https://www.ssb.no/en/priser-og-prisindekser/artikler-og-publikasjoner/norway-has- 26 https://www.regjeringen.no/en/topics/energy/oil-and-gas/id1003/ second-highest-consumption-level-in-europe 27 https://www.regjeringen.no/en/topics/energy/oil-and-gas/leverandorindustrien/ 8 https://www.doingbusiness.org/en/rankings id2001283/

9 http://solability.com/the-global-sustainable-competitiveness-index/the-index 28 https://www.regjeringen.no/en/topics/energy/oil-and-gas/leverandorindustrien/ id2001283/ 10 http://www3.weforum.org/docs/WEF_TheGlobalCompetitivenessReport2019.pdf 29 https://rederi.no/en/DownloadFile/?file=279398 11 https://www.innovasjonnorge.no/en/start-page/invest-in-norway/doing-business-in- norway1/business-culture/ 30 https://www.un.org/press/en/2016/sgsm18129.doc.htm

12 https://www.norwayexports.no/invest/norwegian-business-culture/ 31 https://www.innovasjonnorge.no/en/start-page/invest-in-norway/industries/maritime1/ Going Global

13 https://www.lifeinnorway.net/the-big-july-shutdown/ 32 https://aktivitetsrapport2019.aakp.no/gce-blue-maritime-cluster/

14 https://www.lifeinnorway.net/business-travel/ 33 https://www.nme.no/our-members/

15 https://www.ssb.no/en/befolkning/statistikker/folkemengde 34 https://www.innovasjonnorge.no/en/start-page/invest-in-norway/industries/seafood/

16 https://familienshus.wordpress.com/2012/09/20/facts-about-tromso/ 35 https://www.theexplorer.no/stories/energy/renewable-energy-flows-through-norwa y/?gclid=Cj0KCQjw6PD3BRDPARIsAN8pHuGGmyrJAXjFcTJNU0SINYl0MidiIvnEVc- 17 https://getbybus.com/en/blog/airports-in-norway/ UysurLPpbFHugqyL8krUaAkCyEALw_wcB

18 https://www.tnp.no/norway/panorama/new-york-to-follow-oslo-as-example-in- 36 https://www.equinor.com/en/news/2020-04-08-hywind-tampen-approved.html environmental-policies 37 https://www.investopedia.com/ask/answers/020915/what-country-spends-most- 19 https://www.lifeinnorway.net/gender-equality/ and Gender balance on company healthcare.asp boards; A summary from a research project about the impact of the Norwegian gender quota legislation Mari Teigen (ed.) 38 https://www.theexplorer.no/stories/health/meet-kathrine-myhre-norway-health-tech /?gclid=CjwKCAjwrvv3BRAJEiwAhwOdM_B9O8aT44jbjAVah0Wb05FssoJH1JiOlNT- 20 https://www.bambora.com/articles/why-the-nordics-are-going-cashless/ Mmp1_yCeZA0zvXiaixoCb4YQAvD_BwE

39 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5028940/

40 http://united4health.eu/partners/norway/ References

41 https://www.innovasjonnorge.no/en/start-page/invest-in-norway/industries/electric- mobility/

42 https://faraday.ac.uk/ev-battery-prod-2040/

43 https://www.regjeringen.no/en/topics/transport-and-communications/veg/ faktaartikler-vei-og-ts/norway-is-electric/id2677481/

44 https://www.lifeinnorway.net/moving-to-norway/

45 https://www.dfa.ie/travel/travel-advice/a-z-list-of-countries/norway/

46 https://selfservice.udi.no/en-gb/

47 https://www.skatteetaten.no/bedrift-og-organisasjon/avgifter/mva/slik-fungerer- mva/ma-jeg-registrere-meg-i-merverdiavgiftsregistret/

48 https://www.patentstyret.no/en/

49 https://www.brreg.no/

50 https://www.altinn.no/starte-og-drive/

51 https://europa.eu/youreurope/business/taxation/business-tax/company-tax-eu/

norway/index_en.htm Going Global

52 https://www.altinn.no/en/

53 https://www.nho.no/en/english/articles/basic-labour-law/

54 https://avinor.no/en/aviation/market/norwegian-market/

55 https://en.visitbergen.com/meetings/about-bergen/business-and-industry-in-the- bergen-region

56 https://avinor.no/en/aviation/market/norwegian-market/

57 https://avinor.no/en/aviation/market/norwegian-market/