Proceedings of the Rexx Symposium for Developers and Users
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Decimal Layouts for IEEE 754 Strawman3
IEEE 754-2008 ECMA TC39/TG1 – 25 September 2008 Mike Cowlishaw IBM Fellow Overview • Summary of the new standard • Binary and decimal specifics • Support in hardware, standards, etc. • Questions? 2 Copyright © IBM Corporation 2008. All rights reserved. IEEE 754 revision • Started in December 2000 – 7.7 years – 5.8 years in committee (92 participants + e-mail) – 1.9 years in ballot (101 voters, 8 ballots, 1200+ comments) • Removes many ambiguities from 754-1985 • Incorporates IEEE 854 (radix-independent) • Recommends or requires more operations (functions) and more language support 3 Formats • Separates sets of floating-point numbers (and the arithmetic on them) from their encodings (‘interchange formats’) • Includes the 754-1985 basic formats: – binary32, 24 bits (‘single’) – binary64, 53 bits (‘double’) • Adds three new basic formats: – binary128, 113 bits (‘quad’) – decimal64, 16-digit (‘double’) – decimal128, 34-digit (‘quad’) 4 Why decimal? A web page… • Parking at Manchester airport… • £4.20 per day … … for 10 days … … calculated on-page using ECMAScript Answer shown: 5 Why decimal? A web page… • Parking at Manchester airport… • £4.20 per day … … for 10 days … … calculated on-page using ECMAScript Answer shown: £41.99 (Programmer must have truncated to two places.) 6 Where it costs real money… • Add 5% sales tax to a $ 0.70 telephone call, rounded to the nearest cent • 1.05 x 0.70 using binary double is exactly 0.734999999999999986677323704 49812151491641998291015625 (should have been 0.735) • rounds to $ 0.73, instead of $ 0.74 -
HILLGANG Executive IT Specialist, IBM the University of Warwick
. An introduction to the z10 – Harv Emery, Professor in the Department of Computer Science at HILLGANG Executive IT Specialist, IBM the University of Warwick. Update on OpenSolaris on System z ABSTRACTS System Cloning – The DC VM & Linux Users’ Group Principles and Practice Changing the way computers compute There is plenty of information available for cloning Linux guests and even z/OS guests but what about Most numeric data in commercial and human-centric cloning entire VM systems? For instance - you have a applications are decimal, and floating-point decimal need for two VM environments (one for virtual increasingly important as these applications become servers and another for z/OS D/R including XRC ever more complex. Benchmarking has indicated that DASD mirroring) in two different data centers, for a some applications spend a considerable amount of total of 4 VM systems. How can you save time and time in decimal processing, and IBM has now effort? Build one and clone it! Come and hear how a implemented decimal floating-point in z9 microcode, customer adopted the philosophy that he has been z10 hardware, Power6 hardware, and in many employing for z/OS for a long time and now has software products. developed for his VM systems. The talk will include how to maintain one VM system and 'roll' the updates In this talk, Mike will cover: out to other VM systems with including large systems • Why decimal arithmetic is increasingly important into their curriculum. • Why IBM has added hardware support • The decimal floating-point formats and IBM System z10 arithmetic, derived from Rexx, which is in the Enterprise Class Announcing the 12th Meeting of the new Hillgang IEEE 754 draft, z/VM, z/OS, DB2, C and other products Overview • How to exploit the new hardware and software in In this session the speaker, will present an . -
The Design of the REXX Language
The design of the REXX language by M. F. Cowlishaw One way of classifying computer languagesis by two (consciously or otherwise) to be easy to compile or classes: languages needing skilled programmers, and easy to interpret, it is designed (with the help of personal languages usedby an expanding population of general users. REstructured extended executor feedback from hundreds of users) to be easy to use. (REXX) isa flexible personal language designed with particular attention to feedback from its users. It has Three major factors affect the usability of a language. proved to be effective and easyto use, yet it is suffi- First, the basic concepts of a language affect its ciently general and powerfulto fulfil theneeds of many demanding professional applications.REXX is system syntax, grammar, and consistency. Second, the his- and hardware independent,so that it has been possi- tory and development of a language determine its ble to integrate it experimentally into several operating function, usability, and completeness. Third, but systems. Here REXX isused for such purposes as com- quite independently, the implementation of a lan- mand and macro programming, prototyping, educa- guage affects its acceptability, portability, and distri- tion, and personal programming. This paper introduces REXX and describes the basic design principles that bution. This paper introduces REXX and then dis- were followed in developingit. cusses basic concepts and developmental history as applied to the design of the REXX language. There are several experimental implementations of the REXX language within IBM for both large and small machines. One of these, by the author, has omputer languages may be classified in many become a part of the Virtual Machine/System Prod- ways. -
Software Extensibility and the System Object Model (SOM)
Software Extensibility and the System Object Model (SOM) WWDC Release May 1996 © Apple Computer, Inc. 1992–1996 Apple Computer, Inc. Balloon Help, Chicago, Finder, Some states do not allow the exclusion © 1992–1996 Apple Computer, Inc. Geneva, Mac, and QuickDraw are or limitation of implied warranties or All rights reserved. trademarks of Apple Computer, Inc. liability for incidental or consequential damages, so the above limitation or No part of this publication may be IBM is a registered trademark of exclusion may not apply to you. This reproduced, stored in a retrieval International Business Machines warranty gives you specific legal rights, system, or transmitted, in any form Corporation. and you may also have other rights or by any means, mechanical, MacPaint and MacWrite are which vary from state to state.. electronic, photocopying, recording, registered trademarks, and or otherwise, without prior written Clarisworks is a trademark, of Claris permission of Apple Computer, Inc., Corporation. except to make a backup copy of NuBus is a trademark of Texas any documentation provided on Instruments. CD-ROM. PowerPC is a trademark of The Apple logo is a trademark of International Business Machines Apple Computer, Inc. Corporation, used under license Use of the “keyboard” Apple logo therefrom. (Option-Shift-K) for commercial UNIX is a registered trademark of purposes without the prior written Novell, Inc. in the United States and consent of Apple may constitute other countries, licensed exclusively trademark infringement and unfair through X/Open Company, Ltd. competition in violation of federal and state laws. Simultaneously published in the No licenses, express or implied, are United States and Canada. -
Z/OS Resilience Enhancements
17118: z/OS Resilience Enhancements Harry Yudenfriend IBM Fellow, Storage Development March 3, 2015 Insert Custom Session QR if Desired. Agenda • Review strategy for improving SAN resilience • Details of z/OS 1.13 Enhancements • Enhancements for 2014 Session 16896: IBM z13 and DS8870 I/O Innovations for z Systems for additional information on z/OS resilience enhancements. © 2015 IBM Corporation 3 SAN Resilience Strategy • Clients should consider exploiting technologies to improve SAN resilience – Quick detection of errors – First failure data capture – Automatically identify route cause and failing component – Minimize impact on production work by fencing the failing resources quickly – Prevent errors from impacting production work by identifying problem links © 2015 IBM Corporation 4 FICON Enterprise QoS • Tight timeouts for quicker recognition of lost frames and more responsive recovery • Differentiate between lost frames and congestion • Explicit notification of SAN fabric issues • End-to-End Data integrity checking transparent to applications and middleware • In-band instrumentation to enable – SAN health checks – Smart channel path selection – Work Load Management – Autonomic identification of faulty SAN components with Purge-Path-Extended – Capacity planning – Problem determination – Identification of Single Points of Failure – Real time configuration checking with reset event and self description • No partially updated records in the presence of a failure • Proactive identification of faulty links via Link Incident Reporting • Integrated management software for safe switching for z/OS and storage • High Integrity, High Security Fabric © 2015 IBM Corporation 5 System z Technology Summary • Pre-2013 Items a) IOS Recovery option: RECOVERY,LIMITED_RECTIME b) z/OS 1.13 I/O error thresholds and recovery aggregation c) z/OS message to identify failing link based on LESB data d) HCD Generation of CONFIGxx member with D M=CONFIG(xx) e) Purge Path Extended (LESB data to SYS1.LOGREC) f) zHPF Read Exchange Concise g) CMR time to differentiate between congestion vs. -
25 Years of Rexx ― a Personal View
25 years of Rexx ― a personal view Böblingen 4 May 2004 Mike Cowlishaw IBM Fellow (Google: cowlishaw) Rexx25 Overview Questions, questions … Copyright © IBM Corporation 2004. All rights reserved. 2 All the … President’s questions … 3 Who was I? My IBM job? • Pre-University student with IBM (1970) – PL/I compiler, etc. • BSc Electronic Engineering – Birmingham • Day job: Test Tools Team – designing and building hardware for testing terminals such as the 3279 … 4 Microlink • Used existing coax terminal link (ANR) to attach bipolar microcomputers (based on the Signetics 8X300) to mainframe 5 Own-time projects? • Mostly PL/I and S/360 Assembler – Archaeological mapping (1974) – Cave surveying programs (1976) • STET, a STructured Editing Tool (1977) – and lots of other VM/CMS tools •Rex (1979) – a biggie: 4,000 hours to 1982 6 How old was I? well, 25 years is 25 years … 7 Why Rex? • CMS had EXEC … a bit like DOS BAT &CONTROL OFF &IF &INDEX EQ 0 &GOTO -GO EXEC DCOPT DROP &IF &RETCODE GE 12 &EXIT -GO &STACK RT … • EXEC 2: clean design, but just as ugly – language committee (Stephenson et al.) – hooks for vanilla CMS by Michel Hack 8 What were the first Rex programs? • ADDR EXEC … searches nickname file for nickname, displays name and address • SEND EXEC … send file to a local user • CONC XEDIT … concatenate and flow • … and lots of testcases 9 Who used it? • First distributable code was in May 1979; until then, only the one user • The first real users (pioneers, guinea pigs, trend-setters, …) were – Ray Mansell (Hursley, UK) – Les Koehler (Raleigh, NC) lots of useful feedback 10 How did it catch on? • Internal IBM network, VNET, rapidly growing • VM Newsletter (Peter Capek) • Word of mouth, Xmas card … • Add-ons (Steve Davies’ functions and others) 11 Was there a Rex motto? • Sort of. -
ALGORITHMIC INFORMATION THEORY Third Printing
ALGORITHMIC INFORMATION THEORY Third Printing GJChaitin IBM, P O Box 218 Yorktown Heights, NY 10598 [email protected] April 2, 2003 This book was published in 1987 by Cambridge Uni- versity Press as the first volume in the series Cam- bridge Tracts in Theoretical Computer Science. In 1988 and 1990 it was reprinted with revisions. This is the text of the third printing. However the APL character set is no longer used, since it is not gen- erally available. Acknowledgments The author is pleased to acknowledge permission to make free use of previous publications: Chapter 6 is based on his 1975 paper “A theory of program size formally identical to information theory” published in volume 22 of the Journal of the ACM, copyright c 1975, Association for Computing Machinery, Inc., reprinted by permission. Chapters 7, 8, and 9 are based on his 1987 paper “Incompleteness theorems for random reals” published in volume 8 of Advances in Ap- plied Mathematics, copyright c 1987 by Academic Press, Inc. The author wishes to thank Ralph Gomory, Gordon Lasher, and the Physics Department of the Watson Research Center. 1 2 Foreword Turing’s deep 1937 paper made it clear that G¨odel’s astonishing earlier results on arithmetic undecidability related in a very natural way to a class of computing automata, nonexistent at the time of Turing’s paper, but destined to appear only a few years later, subsequently to proliferate as the ubiquitous stored-program computer of today. The appearance of computers, and the involvement of a large scientific community in elucidation of their properties and limitations, greatly enriched the line of thought opened by Turing. -
John Backus (1924–2007) Inventor of Science’S Most Widespread Programming Language, Fortran
NEWS & VIEWS NATURE|Vol 446|26 April 2007 OBITUARY John Backus (1924–2007) Inventor of science’s most widespread programming language, Fortran. John Backus, who died on 17 March, was developed elsewhere around the same time, a pioneer in the early development of however, Speedcoding produced programs IBM/AP computer programming languages, and was that were uneconomically slow. subsequently a leading researcher in so- Backus proposed to his manager the called functional programming. He spent his development of a system he called the entire career with IBM. Formula Translator — later contracted to Backus was born on 3 December 1924 in Fortran — in autumn 1953 for the model Philadelphia, and was raised in Wilmington, 704 computer, which was soon to be Delaware. His father had been trained as a launched. The unique feature of Fortran was chemist, but changed careers to become a that it would produce programs that were partner in a brokerage house, and the family 90% as good as those written by a human became wealthy and socially prominent. As a programmer. Backus got the go-ahead, and child, Backus enjoyed mechanical tinkering was allocated a team of ten programmers and loved his chemistry set, but showed for six months. Designing a translator that little scholastic interest or aptitude. He was produced efficient programs turned out to be sent to The Hill School, an exclusive private a huge challenge, and, by the time the system high school in Pottstown, Pennsylvania. was launched in April 1957, six months had His academic performance was so poor that become three years. -
VM/ESA Network Computing with Java and Netrexx
IBML VM/ESA Network Computing with Java and NetRexx Kris Buelens ** Bengt Heijnesson ** Dave Jones ** Salvador Torres International Technical Support Organization http://www.redbooks.ibm.com This book was printed at 240 dpi (dots per inch). The final production redbook with the RED cover will be printed at 1200 dpi and will provide superior graphics resolution. Please see “How to Get ITSO Redbooks” at the back of this book for ordering instructions. SG24-5148-00 IBML International Technical Support Organization SG24-5148-00 VM/ESA Network Computing with Java and NetRexx November 1998 Take Note! Before using this information and the product it supports, be sure to read the general information in Appendix C, “Special Notices” on page 161. First Edition (November 1998) This edition applies to Virtual Machine/Enterprise Systems Architecture (VM/ESA), Version 2 Release 3.0, Program Number 5654-030, and subsequent releases. Note This book is based on a pre-GA version of a product and may not apply when the product becomes generally available. We recommend that you consult the product documentation or follow-on versions of this redbook for more current information. Comments may be addressed to: IBM Corporation, International Technical Support Organization Dept. HYJ Mail Station P099 522 South Road Poughkeepsie, New York 12601-5400 When you send information to IBM, you grant IBM a non-exclusive right to use or distribute the information in any way it believes appropriate without incurring any obligation to you. Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 1998. All rights reserved. Note to U.S. Government Users — Documentation related to restricted rights — Use, duplication or disclosure is subject to restrictions set forth in GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. -
Enabling White-Box Reuse in a Pure Composition Language
Enabling White-Box Reuse in a Pure Composition Language Diplomarbeit der Philosophisch-naturwissenschaftlichen Fakultat¨ der Universitat¨ Bern vorgelegt von Andreas Schlapbach Dezember 2002 Leiter der Arbeit: Prof. Dr. O. Nierstrasz Nathanael Scharli¨ Institut fur¨ Informatik und angewandte Mathematik i Abstract Inheritance is a key concept of object-oriented programming languages, features such as conceptual modeling and reusability are largely accredited to it. While many useful com- ponents have been, and will be, developed in this paradigm, the form of white-box reuse offered by inheritance has a fundamental flaw: reusing components by inheritance requires an understanding of the internals of the components. We can not treat components of object-oriented languages as black-box entities, inheritance breaks encapsulation and in- troduces subtle dependencies between base and extending classes. Component-oriented programming addresses this problem by shifting away from program- ming towards software composition. We build applications by scripting components. In- stead of overriding the internals of a component, we focus on composing its interfaces only. This form of black-box reuse leads to a flexible and extendible architecture with reusable components. In this master's thesis we propose a migration strategy from class inheritance { a white- box form of reuse { to component composition as a black-box form of reuse. We present a language extension that gives us the power of inheritance combined with the ease of scripting. It enables us to reuse Java components using inheritance in JPiccola { a small, pure and general composition language implemented on the Java platform { at a high level of abstraction. Using the services provided by the language extension we can seamlessly generate interfaces and subclasses from JPiccola. -
Smalltalk Volume 2 Issue 7
The International Newsletter for Smalltalk Programmers May 1993 Volume 2 Number 7 ecognizing Smalltalk’s increasing importance as a mainstream pro- TOWARD A gramming language and acting as a large user of the language, IBM D recently proposed the formation of a standards effort within ANSI to define a Smalltalk language standard and offered a “common SMALLTALK base” strawman to start such an effort. At this time the proposal has beenQaccepted by the ANSI SPARC committee, and the formation of an ANSI STANDARD: Smalltalk committee has begun. This article focuses on technical issues regarding the common base. We have written a companion article that will appear in OBJECT MAGAZINE,which outlines TECHNICAL ASPECTS the history of the development of the common base. WHAT IS THE COMMON BASE? OF THE COMMON BASE As part of the proposal for an ANSI Smalltalk standards effort, we have con- tributed a “strawman” as the starting point for standardization. That strawman is contained in the IBM document entitled Smalhalk Portability A Common Base By R.J. DeNatale and comprises chapters 3–5 and appendices A and B from that document. * & Y.P. Shari This proposal is not our work entirely. It is the result of an 18-month-long col- laboration among five companies: IBM, Digitalk, KSC, OTI, and ParcPlace. Contenti: A purely syntactic description of Smalltalk results in a language specification that is incomplete when compared to those for languages such as C, COBOL, Features/Articles and FORTRAN. When studying the specification for a language one expects to 1 The Smalltalk standard: Technical learn things, such as how to do arithmetic, how to code conditional logic, and so aepects of the common base forth. -
XL C/C++ Compiler and Runtime Migration Guide for the Application Programmer
z/OS Version 2 Release 3 XL C/C++ Compiler and Runtime Migration Guide for the Application Programmer IBM GC14-7306-30 Note Before using this information and the product it supports, read the information in “Notices” on page 129. This edition applies to Version 2 Release 3 of z/OS (5650-ZOS) and to all subsequent releases and modifications until otherwise indicated in new editions. Last updated: 2019-02-15 © Copyright International Business Machines Corporation 1996, 2017. US Government Users Restricted Rights – Use, duplication or disclosure restricted by GSA ADP Schedule Contract with IBM Corp. Contents About this document.............................................................................................xi z/OS XL C/C++ on the World Wide Web.................................................................................................... xix Where to find more information...........................................................................................................xix Technical support...................................................................................................................................... xix How to send your comments to IBM.........................................................................................................xix If you have a technical problem........................................................................................................... xx Part 1. Introduction..............................................................................................