Fathur Afif Hari Gary Dhika April Mulya Yusuf AB A A A AB AB AB AB

Anin Rizka A B

Dion Siska Mirel Hani Airita AB AB AB AB AB

www.telkomuniversity.ac.id Signaling

Course Number : TTH2A3 CLO : 1 Week : 4 (end of CLO #1)

www.telkomuniversity.ac.id Call Establishment

EXCHANGE A B Two types of signaling: Seizure 1 (off-hook) 2 - Identification of calling subscriber • CAS - Allocation of storage (Channel Associated Signaling) address digits and

- Connection of common

Dial tone equipment 3 • CCS

4 (Common Channel Signaling) 5 - Disconnection of Address digit dialtone (B-number) - Digit analysis and

search of B sub

Call Call Call setup setup 6 - Switch path set Ringing Ringing 7b tone 7a current Answer 8 (off-hook)

9 C O N V E R S A T I O N Supervision

Forward clear Clear down 10 Backward clear 11 (on-hook) 12 - Disconnection of (on-hook) equipment

www.telkomuniversity.ac.id What is Signaling?

• An exchange of standard code information between devices in the network • Functionalities: – Call setup – Supervision – Clear down

Telecom setup ignal s s s e Network ig tu n p a l s etup A sign al Telecom (calling party) se tup sign al lease re Network re l s le signa ig a n s a e l B re leas e sig (called party) A nal r a) call setup elea (calling party) sig se nal

peech s c) clear down B sp eech (called party) A sp (calling party) ee ch speech path Telecom signaling path Network node (exchange) B (called party) b) conversation www.telkomuniversity.ac.id Signaling Classification (1/4)

1. Based on transmission channel – CAS (Channel Associated Signaling), signaling = information – CCS (Common Channel Signaling), one channel for all signaling

2. Based on functionalities Vab

– Line signaling on-hook off-hook

– Register signaling dial " 3" dial " 1" IDT • decadic pulse • MFC – Non compelled t (ms) – Compelled » Full MFC » Semi MFC

www.telkomuniversity.ac.id Signaling Classification (2/4)

3. Based on delivery method – End to end – Link by link – Enblock – Overlap 4. Based on direction to establish a call – Forward – Backward

www.telkomuniversity.ac.id Signaling Classification (3/4)

5. Based on current characteristic – Direct Current – Alternating Current • Number of frequency used (single and multi frequency) • Frequency used compared to bandwidth (in-band and out of- band) – Analog – Digital 6. Based on direction to establish a call – Forward – Backward

www.telkomuniversity.ac.id Signaling Classification (4/4)

7. Based on network segment – Subscriber segment • Z interface (analog) • Digital Subscriber System (DSS) #1 (digital) – Inter-Exchange segment 8. Based on geographical – Regional – International

www.telkomuniversity.ac.id Inter-exchange Illustration signaling scriber sub ng signali Telecom

Network sub s scri igna ber ling

Subscriber signaling Network signaling Subscriber (inter-exchange signaling) signaling

Distribution Point

p o e r r i D w Local Street Exchange Demarcation Cabinet MDF Point Secondary NTE Cable Primary Cable Telephone Subscriber lines (Access Network) www.telkomuniversity.ac.id Line and Register Signaling

• Line signal is for supervisory: – monitor: idle, blocking, etc. – control: clear forward, force release, seizure, etc. • Register signal carries information about phone number (source/calling and destination/called), source class, destination status (idle/busy): – Decadic pulses – MFC (Multi Frequency Code) contains 2 to 6 frequency for each code Vab on-hook off-hook

dial " 3" dial " 1" IDT

t (ms)

www.telkomuniversity.ac.id CAS and CCS

• CAS: every information channel equally associated with signaling channel. The channel physically could be the same or different (separated in time or frequency) • CCS: several information channels use common channel for signaling. Usually physically separated. Example of CCS is SS7 (Signaling System Number 7)

n voice/data channel voice/data channel 1 1 signaling channel 2 2

Exchange A Exchange B Exchange A n Exchange B voice/data channel m << n n signaling channel 1

m m signaling channel

www.telkomuniversity.ac.id Signaling System 7

CCSS7 CCIS7

N7

History • Signaling System 1 to 5 use in-band signaling (CAS) • CCITT developed a digital signaling standard called Signaling System 6 • SS6 was based on Packet-Switched, proprietary data network • SS6 uses 2.4 kbps data links to send packets of data to distant switches to request service • SS7 began deployment in 1983, was initially used for inter office network, but now it is deployed in local central offices • Provides a global standard for call setup, routing, control and database access

www.telkomuniversity.ac.id Signaling System 7

Elements SP (Signaling Point) • STP (Signaling Transfer Point) • SCP (Signaling Control Point) • SSP (Service Switching Point) • SEP (Signaling End Point) SL (Signaling Link) • A Link • B Link • C Link • D Link • E Link

www.telkomuniversity.ac.id Signalling Point (SP)

• SP is any node in the network that can process signaling message • SEP (Signaling End Point) or simply SP is a SP that can only process signaling message dedicated to it • On the contrary, STP (Signaling Transfer Point) can transfer signaling message to other SP • Example: 1. Local Exchange / Central Office (Switching Center) 2. Operation and Maintenance Center (OMC) 3. Service Control Point (SCP) 4. Signaling Transfer Point (STP)

www.telkomuniversity.ac.id Signaling Link between SP and STP

• Signaling Link (SL) – Transmission media to transfer signaling message between two SP • Link Set – Bundle of SL that connect two SP directly • Link Group – Several SL within Link Set that has similar characteristic

link set signalling link link group

SP STP

link group

www.telkomuniversity.ac.id Signaling Route

• Originating Point, SP that originally sends a signaling message • Destination Point, SP that the signaling message is intended to receive • Signaling Route, is the path designated to deliver the signaling message • Signaling Route consists of STP and SL, which reside between Originating Point (OP) and Destination Point (DP)

www.telkomuniversity.ac.id Signaling Mode

Based on the link used to deliver information and signaling, signaling mode is distinguished into: 1. Associated

Signaling SP SP Associated Speech Quasi Associated, predefined route 2. Non Associated Fully Non Associated, free route (not applicable due to incapability to reconstruct message)

STP STP SP SP SP SP STP STP STP STP

www.telkomuniversity.ac.id Information Plane & Control Plane

• In SS7, signalling message provides call management (call setup, supervision, termination) and network management • Signalling message are sent as short message block (packet) using message switching between SP and STP • There will be two network plane: – Information plane (deliver information using circuit switch) – Control plane (deliver signaling using message switch)

www.telkomuniversity.ac.id Control Plane

CONTROL PLANE

SS7

STP STP

SP SP User User STP STP

SP

SP SP

SP SP

SP = Signalling Point STP = Signalling Transfer Point

www.telkomuniversity.ac.id Information Plane

INFORMATION PLANE

LE User User

LE TC

TC

LE = Local Exchange TC = Transit Center

www.telkomuniversity.ac.id End of CLO #1 See you on next class

www.telkomuniversity.ac.id