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Master Reference Master L'impact de l'ironie sur la traduction automatique : Étude sur un corpus de commentaires Amazon FUETER, Marie-Zoé Abstract Ce mémoire cherche à définir dans quelle mesure l'ironie présente dans des commentaires Amazon peut porter préjudice à la qualité de la traduction automatique (TA) ainsi qu'à la compréhension de celle-ci. Pour ce faire, nous avons sélectionné trois systèmes de TA disponibles en ligne (Google Traduction, DeepL et Bing) à qui nous avons fait traduire 100 commentaires Amazon dont la moitié est ironique et l'autre standard. Afin de pouvoir les juger, nous avons mobilisé plusieurs méthodes d'évaluations humaines (annotations relatives à la qualité de la TA et relatives à la polarité des commentaires) et automatiques (score BLEU et systèmes d'analyse des sentiments). Nos résultats montrent que, dans le cadre de notre corpus, l'ironie n'a d'influence ni sur la qualité ni sur la compréhension de la TA. Nous avons également constaté que DeepL (neuronal) a obtenu les meilleurs scores et que Bing (statistique) a obtenu les plus mauvais. Reference FUETER, Marie-Zoé. L'impact de l'ironie sur la traduction automatique : Étude sur un corpus de commentaires Amazon. Master : Univ. Genève, 2019 Available at: http://archive-ouverte.unige.ch/unige:123912 Disclaimer: layout of this document may differ from the published version. 1 / 1 Marie-Zoé Fueter L’impact de l’ironie sur la traduction automatique Étude sur un corpus de commentaires Amazon Directrice : Pierrette Bouillon Jurée : Johanna Gerlach Mémoire présenté à la Faculté de traduction et d’interprétation pour l’obtention de la Maîtrise universitaire en traduction, mention Traduction et technologie. Université de Genève Août 2019 Déclaration attestant le caractère original du travail effectué J’affirme avoir pris connaissance des documents d’information et de prévention du plagiat émis par l’Université de Genève et la faculté de traduction et d’interprétation (notamment la Directive en matière de plagiat des étudiant-e-s, le Règlement d’études de la Faculté de traduction et d’interprétation ainsi que l’Aide-mémoire à l’intention des étudiants préparant un mémoire de Ma en traduction). J’atteste que ce travail est le fruit d’un travail personnel et a été rédigé de manière autonome. Je déclare que toutes les sources d’information utilisées sont citées de manière complète et précise, y compris les sources sur Internet. Je suis conscient-e que le fait de ne pas citer une source ou de ne pas la citer correctement est constitutif de plagiat et que le plagiat est considéré comme une faute grave au sein de l’Université, passible de sanctions. Au vu de ce qui précède, je déclare sur l’honneur que le présent travail est original. Marie-Zoé Fueter Genève, le 10 août 2019. I REMERCIEMENTS Avant tout, je tiens à remercier les personnes sans qui la rédaction de ce mémoire n'aurait pas pu arriver à son terme. Tout d'abord, merci à ma directrice de mémoire Pierrette Bouillon, pour m'avoir donné la chance de travailler sur un sujet aussi intéressant et de m'avoir guidée dans la rédaction de ce mémoire. Merci à elle pour sa disponibilité, ses conseils et sa patience. Merci à ma jurée, Johanna Gerlach, d’avoir accepté de de juger mon travail. Je tiens également à remercier Chantal et David pour m'avoir soutenue durant ces (longues) années et dont la confiance est restée infaillible. Merci également à Joseph, Ulysse, Chantal, Anna, Elodie, Olivier, Julia, Marie J, Camille, Louise, Marie L, Ella, Lisa, Dominic, Simon, Maëlle, Justin, Mark, qui ont passé bien des heures à annoter les diverses traductions. Finalement, je tiens à remercier particulièrement Joseph ainsi que la Communauté pour leur soutien inestimable durant tout le processus. II TABLE DES MATIÈRES REMERCIEMENTS ............................................................................................................................... II TABLE DES MATIÈRES ..................................................................................................................... III LISTE DES FIGURES .......................................................................................................................... VI LISTE DES TABLEAUX .................................................................................................................... VII LISTE DES ABRÉVIATIONS .......................................................................................................... VIII 1.INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................................................ 1 1.1 Motivation ............................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Question de recherche ................................................................................................................... 2 1.3 Démarche....................................................................................................................................... 3 1.4 Plan ................................................................................................................................................ 4 2.LA TRADUCTION AUTOMATIQUE ............................................................................................... 6 2.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................... 6 2.2 Architectures ................................................................................................................................. 6 2.2.1 Définition de la traduction automatique ................................................................................. 7 2.2.2 Les systèmes de traduction automatique ................................................................................ 8 2.3 Historique .................................................................................................................................... 22 2.4 L’évaluation de la traduction automatique .................................................................................. 24 2.4.1 Les annotations humaines..................................................................................................... 25 2.4.2 Le score BLEU ..................................................................................................................... 26 2.5 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................... 29 3. L’IRONIE ET LE SARCASME ....................................................................................................... 31 3.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 31 3.2 Traduction automatique et littérature .......................................................................................... 31 3.3 Définition de l’ironie et du sarcasme ........................................................................................... 33 3.4 Traduction humaine et ironie....................................................................................................... 39 3.5 Traduction automatique et ironie................................................................................................. 41 3.6 L’analyse de sentiment ................................................................................................................ 43 3.7 Détection et gestion de l’ironie.................................................................................................... 46 3.8 Conclusion ................................................................................................................................... 48 4. METHODOLOGIE ........................................................................................................................... 50 4.1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 50 4.2 Corpus ......................................................................................................................................... 51 4.3 Outils mobilisés pour la TA et l’analyse de sentiments .............................................................. 51 4.3.1 Amazon et ses commentaires ............................................................................................... 51 III 4.3.2 Outils de traduction automatique .......................................................................................... 55 4.3.3 Outils d’analyse de sentiment ............................................................................................... 58 4.4 Mise en place de l’expérience ..................................................................................................... 60 4.5 Évaluation humaine ..................................................................................................................... 61 4.5.1 Répartition des commentaires .............................................................................................. 61 4.5.2 Évaluation 1 : La qualité de la TA ........................................................................................ 62 4.5.3 Évaluation 2 : La polarité des commentaires ........................................................................ 63 4.6 Évaluation automatique ..............................................................................................................
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