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Chapter 10 Archaeology, Architecture and Cultural Heritage

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Roughan & O’Donovan N14 / N15 to A5 Link Consulting Engineers Environmental Impact Statement – Volume 1 Chapter 10 Archaeology, Architecture and Cultural Heritage Ref: 10.152 July 2011 Roughan & O’Donovan N14 / N15 to A5 Link Consulting Engineers Environmental Impact Statement – Volume 1 Chapter 10 Archaeology, Architecture and Cultural Heritage 10.1 Introduction This chapter was prepared by Archaeological Development Services Ltd having been commissioned by Roughan & O’Donovan on behalf of their client, Donegal County Council. The Archaeology, Architecture and Cultural Heritage chapter relates to the proposed N14/N15 to A5 Link Scheme which involves the design of a road linking the A5 Western Transport Corridor (WTC) in Tyrone to the existing N15 at Lifford in County Donegal (refer Figure 3.1, Volume 2). 10.2 Methodology 10.2.1 Guidelines and Policy This Chapter is compiled so as to be compliant with the guidelines set out in legislation in both Northern Ireland and the Republic of Ireland. Northern Ireland The relevant legislation in Northern Ireland which protects and recognizes the archaeological heritage is The Historic Monuments and Archaeological Objects (Northern Ireland) Order 1995. The Planning Service has produced a series of Planning Policy Statements which set out the policies of the Department of the Environment on particular aspects of land- use planning. Each Planning Policy Statement applies to the whole of Northern Ireland and their contents are taken into account when development plans are being prepared. The contents are also material in the case of decisions on individual planning applications and appeals. Planning Policy Statement 6: Planning, Archaeology and The Built Heritage (PPS 6) specifically sets out the planning policies of the Department of the Environment in relation to the protection and conservation of archaeological remains and other features of the built heritage and advises on the treatment of these issues in development plans. As such, it embodies the Department of the Environment’s commitment to sustainable development and environmental stewardship (PPS6, 1999). Republic of Ireland The relevant legislation in the Republic of Ireland is covered by three principal pieces of legislation that protect, recognize and have a bearing on the archaeological heritage. These are: National Monuments Act (1930) and Amendments (1954, 1987, 1994 and 2004) Planning and Development Act 2000 Strategic Infrastructure Act 2006 In addition, there are a series of guidelines: The NRA Guidelines for the Assessment of Archaeological Heritage Impact of National Road Schemes (May 2005) Ref: 10.152 July 2011 Page 10/1 Roughan & O’Donovan N14 / N15 to A5 Link Consulting Engineers Environmental Impact Statement – Volume 1 The NRA Guidelines for the Assessment of Architectural Heritage Impact of National Road Schemes (May 2005) Advice Notes on Current Practice (EPA, 2003) Guidelines on the Information to be Contained in Environmental Impact Statements (EPA, 2002) Code of Practice between the National Roads Authority and the Minister for Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht and the Islands (2000) Framework & Principles for the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage (Department of Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht and the Islands, 1999) In addition Volume 11, Section 3, Part 2 ‘Cultural Heritage’ of the UK DMRB was also reviewed. Additionally, under the terms of the Planning and Development Act 2000, each county is required to produce a 6-year development plan in accordance with the Planning and Development Act 2000 which sets out an overall strategy for the proper planning and sustainable development of a county. Under the 2000 Act, the inclusion in development plans of objectives for the protection of the archaeological and architectural heritage has moved from a discretionary basis to a mandatory one. Planning legislation prohibits a local authority from engaging in development that would be a material contravention of its development plan. County Donegal Development Plan 2006-2012 The above policy is referenced and amplified in the County Donegal Development Plan 2006-2012 as prepared by Donegal County Council. Given this, Council policy defines archaeological heritage as structures, constructions, groups of buildings, developed sites, all recorded monuments as well as their contexts and moveable objects situated both on land and underwater. As such, the Council recognizes that protection and conservation of the County’s archaeological heritage is a shared responsibility between national government, the Council, communities and individuals. Given this, Donegal County Council has set out the following objectives: To establish an integrated system and a sustainable approach to management for the consideration of archaeological heritage issues in the Council’s plans, programmes and policies. To consider fully archaeological heritage issues based on expert advice, best conservation practice and local knowledge. In order to achieve these objectives, it is the policy of Donegal County Council under Policy BNH 16 to: Protect and enhance the integrity of archaeological monuments and their settings and all subsequent monuments/sites identified within the plan period and also to secure the preservation (in-situ or, as a minimum, by record) of all archaeological monuments included in the Record of Monuments and Places and of sites, features and objects or archaeological interest generally. Work in partnership with the National Monuments Section, Department of the Arts, Heritage and the Gaeltacht (previously Department of Environment, Heritage and Local Government) and the Office of Public Works to protect, preserve, promote and enhance archaeological heritage and National Ref: 10.152 July 2011 Page 10/2 Roughan & O’Donovan N14 / N15 to A5 Link Consulting Engineers Environmental Impact Statement – Volume 1 monuments. Also to consult with the Department in relation to any proposed developments adjacent to designated archaeological sites or resources and to adopt the ‘precautionary principle’ in reviewing such developments. Also to promote public awareness of the rich archaeological heritage of County Donegal. To seek archaeological assessments as part of a planning submission when proposed development could affect a Recorded Monument, a Zone of Archaeological Potential or their settings, also to require an archaeological assessment (including visual impact assessment) to be submitted detailing the potential impact of any development on both upstanding and buried structures/deposits when considering development in the vicinity of all upstanding remains. The principles as outlined in the document Framework and Principles for the Protection of the Archaeological Heritage (Dept of Arts, Heritage, Gaeltacht and the Islands, 1999) have also been taken into account in the compilation of this Cultural Heritage Chapter. In summary the framework and principles document sets out the national policy with regard to the archaeological heritage. Its core principles are: The archaeological heritage is a finite, non-renewable resource; There should always be a presumption in favour of avoidance of developmental impacts on the archaeological heritage and preservation in situ of archaeological sites and monuments must be presumed to be the preferred option; Where archaeological sites or monuments have to be removed due to development then it is essential that the approach of preservation of record be applied; The carrying out of an archaeological assessment where appropriate (or where part of a planning condition) is the first step in ensuring that preservation in situ or preservation by record take place; The costs of archaeological work necessitated by development are a legitimate part of development costs. The guidelines set out by Advice Notes on Current Practice (EPA, 2003) were also taken into account in the compilation of this Cultural Heritage chapter and mitigation measures. These guidelines include advice on assessing the impact of a proposed development on a landscape in the existing environment which includes the physical setting of a development and any impact that it may have on a monument or its surroundings. The archaeological assessment for this proposed development consisted of two main components. An extensive desk based assessment was carried out, based on information held by bodies in both NI and ROI. Information for the NI side of the proposed development was gathered at the Northern Ireland Sites and Monuments Record (NISMR) located within the Belfast headquarters of the Northern Ireland Environment Agency: Built Heritage (NIEA: Built Heritage), Hill Street. The First, Second and Fourth Edition Ordnance Survey maps were also consulted. The topographical records of the Ulster Museum were also Ref: 10.152 July 2011 Page 10/3 Roughan & O’Donovan N14 / N15 to A5 Link Consulting Engineers Environmental Impact Statement – Volume 1 consulted and the aerial photograph collection held by Ordnance Survey Northern Ireland was also examined. Information for the County Donegal side of the proposed link road was gathered using the Record of Monuments and Places. The Record of Monuments and Places (RMP) were established under the National Monuments Acts (1930-94). It is based upon the older non-statutory Sites and Monuments Record and information from county archaeological inventories. It records known upstanding archaeological monuments, the original location of destroyed monuments and the location of possible sites identified through documentary,
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