Kent Academic Repository Full text document (pdf) Citation for published version Wassell, Ashley Steven (2021) Operation IRIS: How Commercialisation has Impacted Creativity with British Stand-Up Comedy. Master of Arts by Research (MARes) thesis, University of Kent,. DOI Link to record in KAR https://kar.kent.ac.uk/88279/ Document Version UNSPECIFIED Copyright & reuse Content in the Kent Academic Repository is made available for research purposes. Unless otherwise stated all content is protected by copyright and in the absence of an open licence (eg Creative Commons), permissions for further reuse of content should be sought from the publisher, author or other copyright holder. Versions of research The version in the Kent Academic Repository may differ from the final published version. Users are advised to check http://kar.kent.ac.uk for the status of the paper. Users should always cite the published version of record. Enquiries For any further enquiries regarding the licence status of this document, please contact: [email protected] If you believe this document infringes copyright then please contact the KAR admin team with the take-down information provided at http://kar.kent.ac.uk/contact.html OPERATION IRIS: How Commercialisation Has Impacted Creativity Within British Stand-Up Comedy By Ashley Steven Wassell Submitted in fulfilment of the degree of Master of Arts School of Arts University of Kent September 2020 Word Count: 43995 0 Acknowledgements Huge thanks go to my project supervisor Oliver Double, for his patience, time and encyclopaedic knowledge of stand-up comedy. I’ve learned more from the tangents our meetings take than I ever did at school! Thanks also go to my 2nd supervisor Sophie Quirk, for her invaluable feedback at final draft stage. Thank you to all of the artists who generously gave their time to be part of this project. Particularly Stewart Lee, whose suggestion that I interview Oliver Double for my undergraduate dissertation resulted in my application for University of Kent. As my ‘extra pair of eyes’, I’d like to thank Steve Millar for once again spotting the double spaces! I would also like to thank Dr Richard Cuming for igniting my passion for research during my undergraduate years. Thanks also go to Steve Wassell (my Dad) for helping me say in five words what I’ve typed in twenty, for the endless comedy conversations that result in another topic added to the ‘future projects’ list and for everything else we have achieved in the past twelve months. As a mature student, the decision to go to university (let alone the subject choice) caused much debate amongst my friends. Much like the previous thirtysomething years of my life, my Mom1 and Dad continue to be my biggest fans, humouring each of my impulse decisions. You’re perfect. I ended my undergraduate research project’s acknowledgements by thanking my then-girlfriend for her continued love and support. Nearly two years of marriage have passed, she is still as loving, supportive, and now six months pregnant. Thanks Miss. I wouldn’t want to do life with anyone else. 1 The West Midlands spelling, rather than the American version. 1 Abstract In December 1993, Rob Newman and David Baddiel became the first comedy act to perform at Wembley Arena as part of a live tour. In response to the perceived glamour of this event and the adulation that several artists received during this time, journalists declared that comedy had become ‘the new rock ‘n’ roll’. However, below the surface something had changed within stand-up comedy and over time, management companies took a firmer grip of the industry, controlling the careers of their artists and the stand-up output of mainstream broadcasters. An increase in the television exposure that high-profile artists now receive has created a pressure to remain fresh with new material for each appearance. As a consequence, many performers use third- party writers. What is now a common and accepted practice, is at odds with the ethos that alternative comedy stood for, where the artist was the writer, performer and director. Through research that encompasses newspaper articles, autobiography and private interviews, this thesis asks: How has commercialisation impacted creativity within British stand-up? After establishing how the impact is felt by artists on the lowest rungs of the ‘career ladder’, I present a manifesto, outlining the principles that should be adhered to if stand-up is to become exciting once more. 2 Who’s who? Throughout this thesis, I refer to private interviews with the practitioners listed below. For others who may only appear in one or two quotes, I shall explain why I have chosen to gather their thoughts in the text. Richard Herring: Stand-up, writer, podcaster, star of the self-playing Snooker circuit. Herring rose to fame as one half of Lee and Herring, writing and performing in several series of Fist of Fun and This Morning With Richard Not Judy during the 1990s, before writing two series of Time Gentlemen Please with Al Murray. Stewart Lee: Stand-up, writer, director and the other half of Lee and Herring, Lee was listed by The Times as the ‘greatest living stand-up’ in 2018 and continues to fill theatres throughout the UK. He is arguably the highest-profile stand-up to operate outside of the big management companies within the industry. Richard Marsh: Marsh’s debut play The Big Night In has been performed by theatre groups as far away as India, whilst The Road To Nowhere was published in 2020. When he isn’t writing, he is usually recording one of his podcasts: Review To A Kill and SDFF Presents… Will Preston: Will has been performing stand-up since 2016 across the U.K and U.S. He is a regular at the top comedy clubs on the London scene. Will is also the host of the podcast Gaming For Laughs and founder of Comedy Cabin Comedy Club. Graham Rice: ‘Have puns, will travel’ has been the motto of Rice since his first stand-up performance in 2017. After serving-up a barrage of one-liners across the south coast, Rice has recently relocated to Scotland. His Emergency Mixtape Podcast creates a playlist with a guest to cover a random eventuality. Drew Taylor: Drew is building a reputation performing at some of the biggest clubs in Britain such as Hot Water, Frog and Bucket and Glee Club. In addition to stand-up comedy, Drew is also an experienced MC/Ring Announcer for MMA, Boxing and other sporting events. Aaron White: A Silent comedy performer, stand-up comedian and expert on Edwardian antiques, White currently lives in Japan whilst writing for a menswear magazine. 3 Contents Chapter One: What If There Were No Punchlines? Page 5 Chapter Two: An Alternative To Comedy Page 23 Chapter Three: A Stick FiGure On A Stage Page 35 Chapter Four: The Lost Talk Page 46 Chapter Five: Can You Get Someone Off The Telly? Page 74 Chapter Six: There’s A Punk Revolution Brewing Page 104 Bibliography Page 123 4 Chapter One: What If There Were No Punchlines? ‘Before the show commences, I politely ask that you please turn off all mobile phones… I less politely ask that you turn off your fucking phones and fucking keep them turned off’. Ben Elton, Sunday 15th September 2019 The Lights – Andover. The announcement above2 was not how I expected a performance by a major figure in my own comedy upbringing to begin, but this was no ordinary performance. Fifteen years had passed since his last stand-up tour and following a career that has seen him become an actor; television host; author; director and playwright, the opportunity to see Ben Elton in a venue that seats less than 250 was too good to miss. The show was a work in progress (WIP) performance, preparation for what would become his ‘Live 2019’ tour, taking him to almost 50 venues across the UK and Ireland. The evening in question came four days prior to my enrolment in a postgraduate programme of research, where I planned to look into further questions raised by my undergraduate dissertation ‘The New Rock ‘n’ Roll’. In that essay, I analysed changes in the stand-up comedy industry from 1990 to 1993 when Rob Newman and David Baddiel became the first act to include the 12,500 capacity Wembley Arena on their tour itinerary. The maximum word count of 10,000 proved problematic as each line of enquiry opened another, interviewees Stewart Lee and Richard Herring suggested areas of research that I’d not considered and providing sufficient historical context for that time period could have multiplied the maximum word count several times over. 2 I must stress that all quotes used from this performance were jotted down by me once I was back in my car. There may be words missing or in an incorrect order, but they are as close to verbatim as possible, given the unrecorded nature of the material. 5 As I left the venue, topics for my research project came to mind and before turning the key in the ignition, I searched my car to find a means of writing down the opening line of the show. A quick search of my pockets revealed that the only paper I had was the ‘what’s on’ guide for the venue and I noticed something very odd: All of the upcoming comedy events were promoted using the headline ‘As seen on…’ followed by a list of television credits ranging from the well-established Live at the Apollo (2004-) and Mock The Week (2005-) to obscurer choices like Comedy Central’s The Chris Ramsay Show (2017-2018).